Chloe+Williams+and+Sonali+Dasari

toc =1ac - climate bit aff=

1ac – plan
The United States federal government should establish a trade promotion organization with the People’s Republic of China to promote collaborative trade initiatives designed to mitigate climate change.

1ac – relations

 * Contention 1 – relations**

doi:10.1093/cjip/poq009 The Instability of Superficial Friendship AND support and mutual expectations thus maintains the stability of the countries’ bilateral relations.
 * The Sino-US relationship is defined by superficial friendship that pretends to cooperate despite divergent interests. This risks dangerous instability in relations**
 * Yan, 10 -** Professor and Dean of Institute of Modern International Relations, Tsinghua University (Xuetong, “The Instability of China–US Relations” The Chinese Journal of International Politics, Vol. 3, 2010, 263–292

http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/16748/xi-s-visit-exposes-mismatch-in-u-s-and-chinese-expectations Since U.S. President Barack Obama and his Chinese counterpart, Xi Jinping AND It can also help promote needed stability in an increasingly fragmented international order.
 * Relations are on the verge of collapse due to unmet expectations.**
 * Heath, 15 -** Timothy R. Heath is a senior defense and international research analyst at the nonprofit, nonpartisan Rand Corporation (“Xi’s Visit Exposes Mismatch in U.S and Chinese Expectations” World Politics Review, 9/23,

The foremost near-term security benefit to the United States of developing improved relations AND China could work alongside the United States in maintaining regional security and stability.
 * Strong relations prevent nuclear war and foster multilateral cooperation on every existential threat**
 * Gross, 13** - adjunct fellow of Pacific Forum CSIS, former Senior Advisor to the Under Secretary for International Security Affairs in the Department of State, former Counselor of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (Donald, __The China Fallacy: How the U.S. Can Benefit from China’s Rise and Avoid Another Cold War__, p. 62

Gady 16 (Franz-Stefan Gady is an Associate Editor with The Diplomat, a Senior Fellow with the EastWest Institute, and has worked previously as an adjunct research assistant at the Institute for National Strategies Studies of the National Defense University in Washington, D.C., an analyst for the Project on National Security Reform, a congressionally funded nonprofit organization founded to reform the national security structure of the United States. He holds an M.A. in Strategic Studies/International Economics. “Sino-US Cooperation Over North Korea Is Now More Important Than Ever,” The Diplomat, March 19, 2016, http://thediplomat.com/2016/03/sino-us-cooperation-over-north-korea-is-now-more-important-than-ever/)//wm// // China and the United States share the same short-term interests on the Korean // // AND // Sino-US diplomatic effort. Indeed, it is a political necessity //. //
 * Strong relations are vital to cooperation over North Korea. New crises are likely and only US and China can defuse escalation**

//**That triggers nuclear winter and extinction**// // Hayes and Hamel-Green 9 - Professor of International Relations – RMIT University AND Michael; Dean and Professor of Arts, Education and Human Development – Victoria University// //(Peter, “The Path Not Taken, The Way Still Open: Denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula and Northeast Asia,” @http://www.nautilus.org/projects/A-J-disarm/research-workshop/drafts/hayes-hamel-green.pdf)// // The consequences of failing to address the proliferation threat posed by the North Korea developments // // AND // // threat but a global one that warrants priority consideration from the international community. //

//**Strong relations are vital to cooperation over the Middle East – it prevents war**// //** Alterman 11 ** (Jon B. Alterman is a senior vice president, holds the Zbigniew Brzezinski Chair in Global Security and Geostrategy, and is director of the Middle East Program at CSIS., “U.S.-China Relations: Cooperating and Contending Over the Middle East” Center for Strategic and International Studies, Middle east program, 2011, https://csis-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/legacy_files/files/publication/110617_Alterman_ChinaExecSummary.pdf)//wm __China, the United States, and the Middle East form a triangle__. __All__ __AND__ __lessons from its own economic growth, which regional governments would likely welcome__.

(James A., “Strategic Stability Reconsidered: Prospects for Escalation and Nuclear War in the Middle East” IFRI, Proliferation Papers, #26, http://www.ifri.org/downloads/PP26_Russell_2009.pdf) __Strategic stability__ in the region __is thus undermined by__ various factors: (1) AND the peoples of the region, with substantial risk for the entire world.
 * That solves nuclear war**
 * Russell 9 ** - Russell, Senior Lecturer, National Security Affairs, Naval Postgraduate School

Facilitating Collaboration The ‘no regret’ climate change mitigation strategies, which the two AND of GDP by 40–45% of 2005 levels by 2020.96
 * Establishing a clean energy trade promotion organization promotes shared commercial interests that bridge the gap over divergent interests and transforms superficial friendship into actual friendship**
 * Valentine, 11 -** Scott Victor Valentine is an Associate Professor and Associate Director of the MPPIP Program, Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Tokyo (“Towards the Sino-American Trade Organization for the Prevention of Climate Change (STOP-CC)” Chinese Journal of International Politics (Winter 2011) 4 (4): 447-474. doi: 10.1093/cjip/por020

1ac – warming

 * Contention 2 – warming**

The international community has been talking about climate change since the 1980s, with a AND how to do that ratcheting work, laying the foundation for greater ambition?
 * Paris commitments were voluntary and will fall short without follow through. Trade cooperation is a vital starting point for global trust by satisfying economic interests**
 * Roberts, 16 -** writer on energy and climate change for Vox; cites Keohane, a professor at the Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton (David, Vox, “The argument for incrementalism in international climate negotiations” 5/26, []

In recent decades, changes in climate, particularly climate-related extremes, such AND effective bilateral and multilateral cooperation toward immediate climate change mitigation around the world.
 * Status quo cooperation is insufficient to slow the rate of climate change – it will become irreversible without greater cooperation**
 * Shi, 15 -** Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Longyu Shi, Weichen Ma, Guofan Shao, Lina Tang, Yangyang Wang & Haowei Wang (2015) The US and China need to turn ongoing bilateral dialogue into immediate joint mitigation, International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 22:1, 25-29, DOI: 10.1080/13504509.2014.961993

Klein 2014 - Puffin Foundation Writing Fellow at The Nation Institute and a former Miliband Fellow at the London School of Economics
 * Warming causes extinction – action now prevents the planet from becoming uninhabitable**

Naomi, //This Changes Everything,// p 16-21 The assertion that we have been held back by a lack of technological solutions is AND climate crisis: we either change now or we lose our chance.29

One year ago, the United States and China declared in their Joint Statement on AND U nited S tates and China, we can help unlock a //clean energy revolution//.
 * Scaling up current US-China clean energy joint ventures will unlock a global clean energy revolution**
 * Forbes and Moch, 14 -** *senior associate at the Climate and Energy Program at the World Resources Institute AND PhD Student at the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Harvard (Sarah and Jonathan, April 25, 2014, “How U.S.-China Cooperation Can Expand Clean Energy Development”, []. Accessed on 7/5/16)

The USA and China share a high degree of ideological common ground in regard to AND -US cooperation on the climate and trade issues on that organization’s agenda.
 * It spurs price reductions and technological innovation, as well as global modeling**
 * Valentine, 13 –** Scott Victor Valentine is an Associate Professor and Associate Director of the MPPIP Program, Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Tokyo (“Enhancing Climate Change Mitigation Efforts through Sino-American Collaboration” The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 2012, 1 of 24 doi:10.1093/cjip/pos021

Aldy et al 16- Joseph Aldy is an associate professor of Public Policy at the Harvard Kennedy School, a visiting fellow at the Resources for the Future, a Faculty Research Fellow at the National Bureau of Economic Research, a Senior Advisor at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, the Faculty Chair for the Regulatory Policy Program at the Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business and Government. (“Bilateral Cooperation between China and the United States: Facilitating Progress on Climate-Change Policy,” Harvard Project on Climate Agreements and National Center for Climate Change Strategy and International Cooperation; February 2016, [|http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/harvard-nscs-paper-final-160224.pdf)//] CGM A third major area of opportunity for China–U.S. cooperation concerns AND  -US cooperation on the climate and trade issues on that organization’s agenda.
 * Trade cooperation directly limits carbon and methane emissions as well making it possible to meet global emission targets**

Solvency
Say yes

Solvency – green BIT

Winglee 15- Michelle Winglee is a former Research Assistant at a DC think tank where she worked on U.S.-China economic relations. Her current research focus is on the intersection of sustainable and economic development(“A Bright Spot in US-China Relations: Renewable Energy,” The Diplomat; 14 August 2015; [] //CGM// // Chinese President Xi Jinping’s upcoming visit to Washington in September comes on the heels of // // AND // // future that better aligns economic incentives with environmental ones under a green BIT. //
 * Bilateral green trade agreement necessary to capitalize on benefits of green tech, US and China key**

//*SOLVENCY*//

//**China says yes – Green Finance is in its strategic interests**// // Lehr 16 Deborah Lehr is an accomplished global business strategist who has supported leading global firms and organizations to grow their presence in the world’s most complex markets and a Senior Fellow at the Paulson Institute ("Green Finance: A Strategic Imperative for China," The Diplomat, 6/13/16, http://thediplomat.com/2016/06/green-finance-a-strategic-imperative-for-china/)\\BPS// // With last month’s high-profile signing ceremony of the Paris Agreement by 174 countries // // AND // // now viewed as a cottage industry to become part of the financial mainstream. //

//**Green finance key to increase US-Sino cooperation and maintain the global environment**// // Schwartz 15- a vice chairman of the Goldman Sachs Group Inc. and the Beijing-based chairman of Goldman Sachs in the Asia-Pacific region. (“China Gears Up for Green Finance to Fight Environmental Crisis,” Goldman Sachs; 24 February 2014; []// CGM In the 1990s, trade was the defining issue of the US-China economic AND sustainable future — an outcome that China’s population and investors worldwide would welcome.

Solvency – global diffusion

Xinhua News 15 – Xinhua News Agency – CEIS “Spotlight: China has good change in U.S. renewable energy development” 11/29/15, http://search.proquest.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/docview/1737465435?pq-origsite=summon&accountid=14667 WASHINGTON, Nov. 29 (Xinhua) -- As the Paris climate summit draws AND the United States " //have a stronger partnership on energy,"// said Hart.
 * US-China renewable energy coop lowers the price, tackles climate change and enhances bilateral relations**

Rudd, Former Aussie PM, 2015 (Kevin, PhD Focus in Chinese/China History, U.S.-China 21 The Future of U.S.-China Relations Under Xi Jinping Toward a new Framework of Constructive Realism for a Common Purpose [] April) Three concepts define how Xi Jinping’ sleadership differs from that of his predecessors:his AND //creatively as it can while it still lasts//. (10-12)
 * Xi Jinping gives the US a unique moment to pursue engagement- he’s willing to make strategic concessions**

Solvency – global modeling

STOP-CC would also sire notable indirect benefits. First, climate change is AND make //bolder emission reduction efforts than would otherwise be achievable through multilateral negotiations//.
 * The plan is modeled globally and spills to larger environmental cooperation to create sustainable global trade**
 * Valentine, 11 -** Scott Victor Valentine is an Associate Professor and Associate Director of the MPPIP Program, Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Tokyo (“Towards the Sino-American Trade Organization for the Prevention of Climate Change (STOP-CC)” Chinese Journal of International Politics (Winter 2011) 4 (4): 447-474. doi: 10.1093/cjip/por020

Framework
Parenti & Emanuele 15 (Christian Parenti, former visiting fellow at CUNY's Center for Place, Culture and Politics, as well as a Soros Senior Justice Fellow, teaches in the Liberal Studies program at New York University, interview with Vincent Emanuele, writer, activist and radio journalist who lives and works in the Rust Belt, “Climate Change, Militarism, Neoliberalism and the State,” May 17, 2015, http://ouleft.sp-mesolite.tilted.net/?p=1980) You mention mutual aid and how it was overhyped by the left in the aftermath AND of climate science very seriously, I am something of a carbon fundamentalist.
 * Actively engaging and pressuring institutions is necessary to counter climate change**

(Robin- National Foundation Fellow at the Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship, Spring, “Narrating the Environmental Apocalypse: How Imagining the End Facilitates Moral Reasoning Among Environmental Activists” Ethics and the Environment, Vol 17 No 1, ProjectMuse) Environmental Apocalypticism and Activism As we saw in the introduction, critics often argue that AND apocalypticism and moral reasoning looks like in practice. [End Page 12]
 * Representations of warming are motivating and spurs individual activism **
 * Veldman 12 ** – PhD Candidate Religion and Nature at U of Florida

CAG 10 —Climate Change Communication Advisory Group. Dr Adam Corner School of Psychology, Cardiff University - Dr Tom Crompton Change Strategist, WWF-UK - Scott Davidson Programme Manager, Global Action Plan - Richard Hawkins Senior Researcher, Public Interest Research Centre - Professor Tim Kasser, Psychology department, Knox College, Galesburg, Illinois, USA. - Dr Renee Lertzman, Center for Sustainable Processes & Practices, Portland State University, US. - Peter Lipman, Policy Director, Sustrans. - Dr Irene Lorenzoni, Centre for Environmental Risk, University of East Anglia. - George Marshall, Founding Director, Climate Outreach, Information Network - Dr Ciaran Mundy, Director, Transition Bristol - Dr Saffron O’Neil, Department of Resource Management and Geography, University of Melbourne, Australia. - Professor Nick Pidgeon, Director, Understanding Risk Research Group, School of Psychology, Cardiff University. - Dr Anna Rabinovich, School of Psychology, University of Exeter - Rosemary Randall, Founder and director of Cambridge Carbon Footprint - Dr Lorraine Whitmarsh, School of Psychology, Cardiff University & Visiting Fellow at the, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research. (Communicating climate change to mass public audience, http://pirc.info/downloads/communicating_climate_mass_audiences.pdf) This short advisory paper collates a set of recommendations about how best to shape mass AND //a role in fostering demand for - as well as acceptance of – policy//
 * Institutions are key to solve warming—individual action fails and trades off**

=3. NEG=

NEG vs. SSA
INC: Allied prolif DA, espionage DA, appeasement DA, T QPQ 2nr: case turns + allied prolif DA

NEG vs. MES
INC: T QPQ, elections DA, Pan K 2nr: T QPQ

NEG vs. ISS
INC: T gov to gov,, space leadership DA, Pan K 2nr: Space Leadership DA

NEG vs. Taiwan
INC: pan K, t qpq, allied prolif da 2nr: pan K

NEG vs. Korea Sanctions
INC: allied prolif DA, rising expectations DA, T non mil 2nr: case turns and rising expectations DA