Tommy+&+Arjun

=AFF -- TITLE XI=

1AC—Plan Text

 * The United States federal government should expand United States Maritime Administration Title XI loan guarantee funding for short sea shipping in the United States **

1AC—Economy

 * Advantage 1 is the __economy__ – **


 * __Two__ internal links –**


 * First is __stimulus__ – Title XI loan guarantees generate substantial growth through a __significant__ multiplier **
 * Heim* and Tedesco **, 9 **— *Manager of Government and Community Relations at [|Port of San Diego] and former Government Relations Manager at [|NASSCO], Senior Maritime Trade Account Manager at [|Port of San Diego], Consultant at Consultant (Various), and Account Executive at [|Maersk Line], AND, **received his BS in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering from Webb Institute in 1991, MS degrees in Naval Architecture and Ocean Systems Management from MIT in 1994, and his Ph.D. in Engineering Management from MIT in 1998. His expertise includes ship design and construction, engineering trade studies, research and development, engineering and project management, shipboard cargo handling, decision analysis, modeling and simulation, economic analysis, life cycle cost analysis, short sea shipping, and business development (Aimee and Matt, “A Shipbuilder’s Assessment of America’s Marine Highways”, 7/30/2009, http://www.nassco.com/pdfs/Shipbuilder-Assessment-American-Marine-Highway-NASSCO.pdf, Deech)
 * Note: AMH = America’s Marine Highways**


 * Series vessel production ... opportunities for future generations. **


 * Depression is coming in the status quo – action now is __critical__**
 * Boyle 7/16—** staff writer for CNBC (Catherine, “How Close Are We to New Great Depression?”, CNBC.com, []) EL

__The risk of__ ... like in Greece.


 * The plan relieves __congestion__ and accrues __substantial__ economic benefits – loan guarantees are the __most effective__ catalyst for widespread investment **
 * Margaronis, 8** [Stas Margaronis, founded Santa Maria Shipowning & Trading, now Santa Maria Shipping LLC, in 1998. Prior to forming the California-based shipping company, Margaronis served as Mid-Atlantic correspondent for the Atlantic Journal of Transportation from 1996 to 1997. He covered U.S. trade from 1986 to 1997 while serving as editor of Sam Trade, a publication based in Gaithersburg, Maryland. Margaronis has also worked as a political campaign consultant in San Francisco and was a rail equipment sales representative for U.S. companies in China, “Marine highway would ride wave of economic benefits”, [|http://www.seattlepi.com/local/opinion/article/Marine-highway-would-ride-wave-of-economic-1293286.php#ixzz1yY1CGarw]]

Currently, the U nited S tates ... shippers and consumers.


 * Second, is __congestion__ – it underlies a __multibillion__ dollar drag on the economy – that chokes the __fragile__ economic recovery **
 * Needham, 11** [Report: Traffic congestion costs billions, weighs on the economic recovery, Vicki, The Hill, []]

Traffic congestion is costing ... nothing is not a productive option. ** ” **


 * And, __robust study__ proves our argument – the economic impact is widespread **
 * Wagner, 11** [The Economic Impact of Traffic Congestion on Truck-borne Freight, Steve Wagner, Communications Manager CFIRE a transportation think tank, extensively citing a 2010 Urban Mobility Report, []]

The 2010 Urban Mobility Report, //...// of travel time information**.**


 * And, the externalities act as a __multiplier__ – decreases the underlying __foundation__ of US economic leadership **
 * Lewis, 8** [David, Senior Vice President with HDR where he serves as the firm’s Chief Economist and Direc­tor for Economics and Financial Services, He served previously as President and CEO of HLB Decision Economics, prior to which he was a Principal Economist of the U.S. Congressional Budget Office. Brookings Institution, America’s Traffic Congestion Problem: Toward a Framework for Nationwide Reform, []]

Apart from a handful of places ... nearly fifty-five thousand jobs.


 * The internal link is __linear__ – the plan is __necessary__ and __sufficient__ to relieve congestion **
 * Perakis and Denisis, 8** [A survey of short sea shipping and its prospects in the USA, ANASTASSIOS N. PERAKIS* and ATHANASIOS DENISIS Department of Naval Architecture & Marine Engineering, University of Michigan, 213 NAME Building, 2600 Draper Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2145, USA, []]

3. Mitigating highway congestion. ... the transportation chain.


 * Economic decline causes __isolationism__ and __miscalculation__ – escalates to nuclear war **
 * Harris and Burrows, 9 ** (Mathew, PhD European History at Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer, member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis” [], AM)

Increased Potential for Global Conflict ... more dog-eat-dog world.


 * The U.S. economy is the foundation of the global economy **
 * Rahman, 11 ** – former Ambassador and Chairman of the Centre for Foreign Affairs Studies (Ashfaqur . “Another global recession?”. August 21. http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=199461)

Several developments, especially ... or W-shaped recession.


 * And, a __federal program__ is the vital internal link to US global competitiveness – current funding is insufficient **
 * Zimmer, 11** [Nancy, August, “Progress on America’s Marine Highway” graduated from Smith College (B.A., cum laude, 1998), and City University of New York School of Law, (J.D., 2001). She is admitted to the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts, and the First Circuit Court of Appeals, and is a trained mediator. She is also a former commercial fisherman and commercial fishing boat owner. She is a member of the Maritime Law Association of the United States. Nancy can be contacted on +1 508 432-2121 or by email at zimmer@sealaw.org, []]

For the U nited S tates to compete ... that is disheartening at best.

(Adam, Foreign Affairs, “Is America Losing Its Edge?” November / December 2004, http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20041101facomment83601/adam-segal/is-america-losing-its-edge.html) // JMP
 * Competitiveness is key to hegemony **
 * Segal, 4 –** Senior Fellow in China Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations

__The____U__ nited States' __global primacy__ ... __entrepreneurship at home.__

**Jackson, 7** [LEVERAGING THE STRATEGIC VALUE OF THE U.S. INLAND WATERWAY SYSTEM, Colonel Donald E. Jackson, Jr. United States Army Professor John F. Troxell Project Adviser, http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:0K7n92gvqk0J:www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD%3DADA469583+&hl=en&gl=us]
 * And, an effective MTS is vital to __power projection__ and __military readiness__ – both are key to primacy **

The importance of a viable ... system will it maintain this status .5


 * Heg is key to global stability – the alternative is great power war **
 * Barnett, 11**** [Thomas P.M. Former Senior Strategic Researcher and Professor in the Warfare Analysis & Research Department, Center for Naval Warfare Studies, U.S. Naval War College American military geostrategist and Chief Analyst at Wikistrat., worked as the Assistant for Strategic Futures in the Office of Force Transformation in the Department of Defense, “The New Rules: Leadership Fatigue Puts U.S., and Globalization, at Crossroads,” March 7 []]

Events in Libya are a further reminder ... __should make you nervous.__

1AC—Shipbuilding

 * Advantage 2 is the __shipbuilding industry__ – **

[]
 * The plan’s support sustains the shipbuilding industry **
 * Raymond, 5** [Charles, President and CEO Horizon Inc. “Short Sea Shipping: Long On Benefits”,

To help meet the current congestion ... on the part of U.S. political leaders.


 * And, expansion of Title XI funding ensures increased __naval capacity__ **
 * Goure, 11** [Lexington Institute, Obama Could Create Jobs And Support Defense, Daniel, PhD, []]

A less well recognized candidate for ... more money behind the MHI.


 * And, the plan reverses tidal waves of shipyard closings which __decimate__ the industry **
 * Munoz, 11** [January 11, The Obama Infrastructure Plan, and Another Shipyard Closes, OP-ED by Tony Munoz, Editor-in-Chief of the Maritime Executive Magazine and the MarEx Newsletter, []]

As President Obama announced his ... and health care for the poor. Imagine….


 * And, a strong maritime and shipbuilding industry is a __vital pre-requisite__ to credible naval capabilities **
 * Alberto et al., 5** (Lieutenant Colonel Ronald P., U.S. Army, Colonel Michael G. Archuleta, U.S. Air Force, Lieutenant Colonel Steven H. Bills, U.S. Air Force, Commander William A. Bransom, U.S. Navy, Mr. Kenneth Cohen, Department of State, Commander William A. Ebbs, U.S. Navy, George Manjgaladze, Ministry of Defense, Republic of Georgia, Commander Elizabeth B. Myhre, U.S. Navy, Audrea M. Nelson, DA, Robert L. Riddick, Department of Defense, Colonel Christopher M. Ross, U.S. Army, Julia N. Ruhnke, DA, Lieutenant Colonel Gregory M. Ryan, U.S. Marine Corps, Colonel David D. Thompson, U.S. Air Force, Commander Hugh D. Wetherald, U.S. Navy, Dr. Mark Montroll, faculty at the Industrial College of the Armed Forces, Dr. Michael Farbman, USAID, faculty at the Industrial College of the Armed Forces, Captain David B. Hill, U.S. Coast Guard, faculty at the Industrial College of the Armed Forces, “SHIPBUILDING”, The Industrial College of the Armed Forces, National Defense University, 2005, http://www.ndu.edu/icaf/programs/academic/industry/reports/2005/pdf/icaf-is-report-shipbuilding-2005.pdf, Deech)

In conclusion, our study found that ... to the value to the nation of the vessel.


 * The impact is great power war **
 * Conway et al., 7** [James T., General, U.S. Marine Corps, Gary Roughead, Admiral, U.S. Navy, Thad W. Allen, Admiral, U.S. Coast Guard, “A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower,” October, []]

Deter major power war**.** ... __extended campaigns ashore__.


 * Additionally, naval strength solves Middle East war**
 * Vego, 8** — professor of operations at the Naval War College, former commanding officer in the former Yugoslav Navy and former West German merchant marine (Milan N., “On Naval Power”, Joint Forces Quarterly, July 2008, http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/jfq-50/JFQ-50.pdf, Deech)

Naval forces can be employed ... forces quickly and decisively.


 * That goes __global__ and __nuclear__**
 * Gold, 7 **[Thomas J., Masters in Strategic Intelligence, Joint Military Intelligence College, Nuclear Conflict in the Middle East: An Analysis of Future Events, p. 53-55]

If the political, ethnic, and military ... war is //__now__// a possibility.

1AC—Solvency

 * Contention Two is __Solvency__**


 * A __comprehensive__ federal expansion of Title XI loan guarantees mitigates congestion and creates a __favorable legal regime__ for private investment **
 * Cook, 11** — former General Counsel of the Maritime Administration, Counsel to Seward and Kissel LLP (H. Clayton, “Dead in the Water”, Maritime Executive, 7/8/2012, http://www.maritime-executive.com/article/dead-in-the-water, Deech)
 * Note: SST = short sea transportation, CCF = capital construction fund**


 * For more than a decade, Europe ... and included as a transaction cost. **


 * And, solely private sector action is __insufficient__ – high startup costs make external incentives critical **
 * McCormick, 10** [Strengthening US Government US Secretary of Transportation Ray LaHood addressed the recent National Port Summit in San Diego. Wayne McCormick, of America’s Marine Highways, conducted the following interviewSupport of Marine Highways, []]

The private sector most ... the Marine Highway


 * And, the plan eliminates __private uncertainty__ and creates the necessary financial backing for short sea shipping **
 * Margaronis, 8** [Green Ships Can Fight Global Warming, president of California-based Santa Maria Shipowning & Trading Inc, p. online document retrieved via a google download, full text email alexanderdpappas@gmail.com]

A loan guarantee is not ... companies that hope to build ships.

//Total Funding Levels// ... percent under SAFETEA-LU.
 * No disads – MAP-21 increased spending on transportation infrastructure **
 * CMAP 7/5 –** Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning 7/5/12- CMAP is the official regional planning organization for the northeastern Illinois counties region's addressing transportation, housing, economic development, open space, the environment, and other quality-of-life (MAP-21 -- Major Programmatic and Policy Changes) []


 * Specifically, 82 million’s already been spent on Marine Highways **
 * Matsuda, 12**** – [STATEMENT OF DAVID T. MATSUDA MARITIME ADMINISTRATOR MARITIME ADMINISTRATION BEFORE THE HOUSE COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE SUBCOMMITTEE ON COAST GUARD AND MARITIME TRANSPORTATION The Maritime Administration’s Fiscal Year 2013 Budget Request March 7, 2012, []]

Ports and Marine Highways ... and international ship construction.