Gehling+Larsen

= ACHM/HJPP Gehling/Larsen =

2A: kate.gehling1@gmail.com 2N: haleylarsen11@gmail.com

= Affirmative =

Contention 1: Relations

 * Scenario 1 is Latin America **

**Energy cooperation is key to a SUSTAINABLE partnership – boosts regional economy, solves Mexican violence and reverses anti-US sentiment**
__** Reyes 13 **__ – JD, member of the USA Today Board of Contributors (Raul, April, “Opinion: President Obama has the chance to improve US/Mexico relations,” [|http://nbclatino.com/2013/04/29/opinion-president-obama-has-the-chance-to-improve-usmexico-relations/)//BB] Obama will arrive in Mexico AND potential, not on its problems.

**Thinking BEYOND security is key – energy cooperation overcomes alternate impediments and creates a resilient partnership**
__** Miller and DeLeon 9 **__ - *Stephanie, consultant on U.S.-Latin America relations and was formerly the Research Associate for the Americas Project on the National Security Team. Born in Venezuela with family from Colombia, Miller earned her degree from Duke University in International Comparative Studies with a focus on Latin America. She currently lives in Bogotá, Colombia, **Rudy, Senior Vice President of National Security and International Policy at American Progress (“Transcending the Rio Grande,” http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2009/04/pdf/mexico.pdf)//BB The U.S.-Mexico relationship is AND and strategic allies in ¶ the hemisphere.

**Only Obama solves – reverses Anti-US sentiment throughout Latin America**
__** Valencia 13 **__ - New York-based political analyst and is a contributing writer for Global Voices Online (Robert, “U.S. and Latin America: Economic Cooperation without Militarization?,” http://www.worldpolicy.org/blog/2013/05/20/us-and-latin-america-economic-cooperation-without-militarization)//BB In May, President Barack Obama AND and security integration amongst themselves.

**US-Mexico climate cooperation turns all other impacts**
__** Barry 13 **__ – senior policy analyst at the Center for International Policy, where he directs the TransBorder project, he specializes in immigration policy, homeland security, border security and the outsourcing of national security, has authored or co-authored more than twenty books on Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, food aid, the United Nations, free trade and U.S. foreign policy (Tom, “Changing Perspectives on US-Mexico Relations,” http://truth-out.org/news/item/16221-changing-perspectives-on-us-mexico-relations)//BB It’s unfortunate that the two presidents AND with shared interests and responsibilities.

**Latin American wars go global killing heg**
__** Rochin 94 **__–Professor of Political Science (James, Professor of Political Science at Okanagan University College, Discovering the Americas: the evolution of Canadian foreign policy towards Latin America, pp. 130-131)//BB While there were economic motivations AND will be discussed in the next chapter.

**Declining Mexican relations leads to Chinese expansionism in the Americas**
__** Brzezinski 12 **__– former National Security Adviser (Zbigniew, “Strategic Vision: America and the Crisis of Global Power”, 2012, pp. 108-109)//Beddow A waning partnership between America AND in their economic development.

**China will use Latin American allies to counterbalance US hegemony**
//As Gonzalo Paz (2012: 20) emphasizes, <span class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">perceived // //<span class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">AND // policies //<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> (Nathan and Scobell 2012; Noesselt 2012).
 * __ Nolte 13 __–** acting president of GIGA, director of GIGA Institute of Latin American Studies, and professor of political science at the University of Hamburg (Detlef, “The Dragon in the Backyard: US Visions of China’s Relations Toward Latin America”, No. 5, 2013; < http://www.giga-hamburg.de/dl/download.php?d=/content/publikationen/pdf/gf_international_1305.pdf>)//Beddow//

**That leads to US-China war**
<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Much has been reported about Washington’s AND <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">great power in the Western Hemisphere.
 * __ Dowd, 13 __** --- served as an adjunct professor and lecturer at Butler University, a researcher and administrator at leading think tanks, and a congressional aide (4/19/2013, Alan W., “Monroe Doctrine Version 2.0,” [], JMP)

**US primacy prevents global conflict – diminishing power creates a vacuum that causes transition wars in multiple places**
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 6pt;">A core premise of deep <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">engagement <span style="color: #222222; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 6pt;"> is that it <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">prevents AND possibly including regional __ great power war __ ).
 * __ Brooks et al 13 __** [Stephen G. Brooks is Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College.G. John Ikenberry is the Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University in the Department of Politics and the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs. He is also a Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University.William C. Wohlforth is the Daniel Webster Professor in the Department of Government at Dartmouth College. “Don't Come Home, America: The Case against Retrenchment”, Winter 2013, Vol. 37, No. 3, Pages 7-51,@http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/ISEC_a_00107, GDI File]

**Relations solve border terrorism and drug networks**
__** Storrs 6 **__ (K. Larry Storrs, Specialist in Latin American Affairs, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division of CRS, 1/18/2006 “Mexico’s Importance and Multiple Relationships with the United States”, [|http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL33244_20060118.pdf)//JG] <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Sharing a 2,000-mile border and extensive <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">AND // terrorism //<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">, <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 6pt;">¶ <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">health, environment, and energy issues.

**The impact is an attack on US soil**
__** McCaul 12 **__ – JD @ St. Mary’s, former federal prosecutor (Michael, “A LINE IN THE SAND: COUNTERING CRIME, VIOLENCE AND TERROR AT THE SOUTHWEST BORDER,” UNITED STATES HOUSE COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY, Lexis)//BB// //<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Terrorism remains a serious threat to // //<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">AND // //<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">a // weapon of mass destruction //<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">.

**Results in WMD terrorism on the U.S.**
__** Anderson, 08 **__ (10/8/2008, Curt, AP, “US officials fear terrorist links with drug lords,” []) <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">MIAMI — <span class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">There is real danger that <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Islamic <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">AND potpourri of scum to come together."

**Nuclear war**
__** Ayson 10 **__ - Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington (Robert, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 33.7, InformaWorld)//BB <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">But these two nuclear worlds—a non <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">AND still meet with a devastating response.

**Independently, a US economic crisis is coming**
__** DeLong 13 **__- Professor of Economics at the University of California, Berkeley, a Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research, and a Visiting Fellow at the Kauffman Foundation (J. Bradford, “The Second Great Depression: Why the Economic Crisis is Worse Than You Think”, July/August 2013 Foreign Affairs)//Beddow// //<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Despite its many virtues, however, the // //<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">AND // economic crisis //<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> in the years ahead __<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">. __

**Latin energy connectivity is key to growth**
__** Noriega and Cardenas 12 **__ – *Former US State Dept Official, ** director with Vision Americas (“An action plan for US policy in the Americas,” December, http://www.aei.org/outlook/foreign-and-defense-policy/regional/latin-america/an-action-plan-for-us-policy-in-the-americas/)//BB Key points in this Outlook: <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">America’s economic crisis and threats <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">AND <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">more prosperous United States.

**US growth solves great power war**
__** Khalilzad 11 **__ – PhD, Former Professor of Political Science @ Columbia, Former ambassador to Iraq and Afghanistan (Zalmay Khalilzad was the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush and the director of policy planning at the Defense Department from 1990 to 1992. "The Economy and National Security" Feb 8 http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/259024/economy-and-national-security-zalmay-khalilzad)//BB <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 5pt;">Today, economic <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 5pt;"> and fiscal trends pose the AND make aggressive moves in their regions <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 5pt;">.

**These wars go nuclear**
__** Harris and Burrows 9 -**__ *Mathew, PhD European History @ Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC), **Jennifer, a member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit (“Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis” [] )//BB Increased Potential for Global Conflict <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow',sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">Of course, the report encompasses more than AND <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow',sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world.

**Global warming is real and human induced – top climate scientists agree**
__** Anderegg et al 10 **__ – PhD Candidate @ Stanford in Biology (William, “Expert credibility in climate change,” National Academy of Sciences, p. 12107-12109)//BB <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Preliminary reviews of scientific literature <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">AND regarding anthropogenic climate change <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">.

**CO2 emission cuts now solve warming – it’s not inevitable**
__** Desjardins 13 **__ (Clea, “Global Warming: irreversible but not inevitable”, Concordia University, []//SJ) <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">There is a persistent misconception among both AND <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">clarifying these points of hope is critical to motivate change.”

**Action now averts extinction**
__** Morgan 9 **__– professor at Hankuk University of Foreign Studies (Dennis Ray, “World on Fire: Two Scenarios of the Destruction of Human Civilization and the Possible Extinction of the Human Race”, 2009)//Beddow <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">As horrifying as the scenario of human extinction <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">AND <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">between industrial civilization and nature.

**Warming is an existential risk – //__quickening__// reductions is key to avoiding extinction**
__** Mazo 10 **__– PhD in Paleoclimatology from UCLA (Jeffrey Mazo, Managing Editor, Survival and Research Fellow for Environmental Security and Science Policy at the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London, 3-2010, “Climate Conflict: How global warming threatens security and what to do about it,” pg. 122)//BB <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">The best estimates for global warming <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">AND profound social, cultural and political changes

**Technical assistance for renewables significantly reduces greenhouse gases**
(“Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy and Transportation: Project Opportunities in the U.S. – Mexico Border Region,” http://www.cocef.org/Eng/VLibrary/Publications/SpecialReports/BECC%20WP%20%20Nov%202011%20index.pdf)//BB// //<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">This white <span class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">paper describes the current deficit // //<span class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">AND // capacitated //<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> and // experienced program manager //<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">.
 * __ COCEF 12 __** - La Comisión de Cooperación Ecológica Fronteriza

**First – production – they have ENORMOUS renewable energy potential**
__** Wood 10 **__ – PhD in Political Studies @ Queen’s, Professor @ ITAM in Mexico City (Duncan, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, http://www.statealliancepartnership.org/resources_files/USMexico_Cooperation_Renewable_Energies.pdf)//BB <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">The North American context <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 6pt;">¶ <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">The North <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">AND <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">sector <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 6pt;">¶ <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">development of renewable resources

**Second – technology transfer – Mexico will spread the green tech globally**
__** ENS 12 **__ – Environmental News Service (“U.S., Canada, Mexico Vow ‘Continental’ Energy Grid,” http://www.reepedia.com/archives/4568)//BB <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">The leaders of the United States, Mexico <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">AND <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">welcome increasing North American <span class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">energy trade.”

**Third – international cooperation – Mexican leadership leads to GLOBAL climate agreements**
__** O’Neill 13 **__ – PhD in Government @ Harvard, senior fellow for Latin America Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations, a nonpartisan foreign-policy think tank and membership organization (Shannon, “Mexico Makes It: A Transformed Society, Economy, and Government,” Foreign Affairs, 92.2)//BB// //<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">If Mexico addresses these challenges // //<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">AND // //<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">international financial, trade, and // climatechange accords //<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">.

**An expanded BECC role quickly facilitates a Mexican green economy**
__** COCEF 12 **__ - La Comisión de Cooperación Ecológica Fronteriza (“Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy and Transportation: Project Opportunities in the U.S. – Mexico Border Region,” http://www.cocef.org/Eng/VLibrary/Publications/SpecialReports/BECC%20WP%20%20Nov%202011%20index.pdf)//BB// //<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">SECTION 4: BECC – THE BORDER TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE // //<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">AND // ample need //<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> for // technical assistance //<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> in the focus sectors.

**Specifically – the US is key**
__** Hartsoch 11 **__ – MA @ San Jose State, Senior Vice President of Marketing and Sales for SolFocus (Nancy, “A Sunny Future for Border Relations?,” [|http://breakingenergy.com/2011/05/10/featured-a-sunny-future-for-border-relations/)//BB] <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Amidst the darkening cloud of violence <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">AND <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">peaceful, prosperous, cleaner future.

**China is going green now – spillover solves**
__** Yang 12 **__ – World Resources Institute (Ailun, “What Is The Future Of King Coal In China?” http://insights.wri.org/news/2012/10/what-future-king-coal-china) <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">China’s great thirst for coal isundeniably troubling <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">AND <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">a more // clean and low-carbon future //<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">.

__** World Energy 8 **__(Allan T. Marks, “Mexico Offers Diverse Opportunities for Investment in Renewable Energy”, http://sitemaker.umich.edu/ipe2012/files/0208_mexico_offers_diverse_opportunities_world_energy.pdf)//lm <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Investors seeking opportunities in renewable <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">AND <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">foreign investment in renewable¶ energy projects.
 * Mexico supports investment **

Mexican Nanotech

 * Plan **
 * The United States federal government should substantially increase its molecular nanotechnology assistance toward Mexico.**

Contention 1: Safety
(Tierramérica, “MEXICO: Scientists Call For Regulation of Nanotechnology,” 03/12/2012, http://www.tierramerica.info/nota.php?lang=eng&idnews=3920&olt=568, AC) <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">MEXICO CITY, Mar 12 (Tierramérica).- Nanotech <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">nology AND <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">cosmetics and packaging, among other products.
 * Nano Development in Mexico is on the rise – it’s unregulated and risks spinning out of control**
 * __ Inter Press Service 2k12 __ **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(ReLANS coordinators, Doctoral Program in Development Studies Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas Zacatecas, México, “Nanotechnologies in Latin America,” pg online @ <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> //um-ef)// // At the beginning of 2002, all // // AND // //<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">some of the efforts made in this regard. //
 * Haphazard development risks spilling over – Latin America is a potential hotbed for Nanotech, but lack of controls or vision risks disaster**
 * __ Foladori and Lau 2k7 __ **

//**This causes toxic poisoning of the environment**// // __ **Vandermolen 2k6** __ // //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">(LCDR Thomas D. Vandermolen, USN (BS, Louisiana Tech University; MA, Naval War College), is officer in charge, Maritime Science and Technology Center, Yokosuka, Japan. He was previously assigned as a student at the Naval War College, Newport Naval Station, Rhode Island. He has also served as intelligence officer for Carrier Wing Five, Naval Air Facility, Atsugi, Japan, and in similar assignments with US Special Operations Command, US Forces Korea, and Sea Control Squadron THIRTY-FIVE, Naval Air Station, North Island, California. AIR & SPACE POWER JOUNRAL, Fall, 2006, “Molecular nanotechnology and national security,” pg online @ <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">[] //um-ef) <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Environmental Damage. MNT was originally AND elements attached to those nanoparticles <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">.26

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(Center for Responsible Nanotechnology, 4/19/04, “Disaster Scenarios”, <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> //nz)// //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">Subquestion F : Environmental devastation <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;"> by // //<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">AND // // existential threats to the human race <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">. //
 * That leads to extinction**
 * __ CRN 4 __ **

//**Next, U.S. tech leadership is collapsing and that’s an existential risk**// //** __ Dr. Hummell et al 2k12 __ **// //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(Robert Hummel, PhD1,*, Policy Research Division, Potomac Institute for Policy Studies,, Patrick Cheetham1, Justin Rossi1, Synesis: A Journal of Science, Technology, Ethics, and Policy 2012 “US Science and Technology Leadership, and Technology Grand Challenges,” pg online @ <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">[] //um-ef) <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Taken together, there is no direct evidence <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">AND <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">and coordinated effort throughout the society.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Avery Goldstein, David M. Knott Professor of Global Politics and International Relations at the University of Pennsylvania, Associate Director of the Christopher H. Browne Center for International Politics, Senior Fellow at the Foreign Policy Research Institute, holds a Ph.D. from the University of California-Berkeley, 2007 (“Power transitions, institutions, and China's rise in East Asia: Theoretical expectations and evidence,” Journal of Strategic Studies, Volume 30, Number 4-5, August-October, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Taylor & Francis Online, p. 647-648) <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Two closely related, though distinct, theoretical <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">AND international order whose contours it will define
 * Locking-in tech leadership __reduces conflict__**
 * __ Goldstein 2k7 __ **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">subcommittee on research and science education, committee on science and technology, House of Representatives, 110 Congress, Foreign Service Officer, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Science, Space, and Health (Jeff, “International Science and Technology Cooperation,” Government Printing Office, 4/2/2008, [])//RH// //<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">USAID USAID plays a significant role // // AND // // c ooperation agreement negotiated by OES. //
 * Unfortunately, Funding cuts have hampered USAIDS efforts in technological assistance—greater funding is necessary to utilize USAID’s unique leadership**
 * __ Miotke 8 __ <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> – **

//**Nanotech development assistance paves the way for regulatory frameworks and commerce – solves development risks**// //** __ Lodwick et al 2k7 __ **// // (T. Lodwick*, R. Rodrigues**, R. Sandler***, W.D. Kay * Nanotechnology and Society Research Group (NSRG), Northeastern University **Santa Clara University, School of Law,** *NSRG, Department of Philosophy and Religion, Northeastern University, NSRG, Deapartment of Political Science, Northeastern University, “nanotechnology and the global poor: the united states policy and international collaborations” pg online @ http://www.nsti.org/procs/Nanotech2007v1/8/T81.501 //um-ef) <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">However, the greatest potential for a broad AND infusing nanotechnology into development.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">[Dr. Patrick Mendis adjunct associate professor of economics and management at the UMUC Graduate School of Management and Technology at the University of Maryland “Science, Technology, And Intellectual Property Rights In American Foreign Policy”. Journal of Technology Law & Policy.Vol 9 June 2004 Issue 1. **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">[] **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">] In coming years, global S&T cooperation AND security and domestic peace and prosperity.
 * Assistance in the form of technological cooperation in nanotech enhances US global technology leadership**
 * __ Dr. Mendis 2k4 __ **

(LCDR Thomas D. Vandermolen, USN (BS, Louisiana Tech University; MA, Naval War College), is officer in charge, Maritime Science and Technology Center, Yokosuka, Japan. He was previously assigned as a student at the Naval War College, Newport Naval Station, Rhode Island. He has also served as intelligence officer for Carrier Wing Five, Naval Air Facility, Atsugi, Japan, and in similar assignments with US Special Operations Command, US Forces Korea, and Sea Control Squadron THIRTY-FIVE, Air & Space Power Jounral, “Molecular nanotechnology and national security, pg online @ [] //um-ef)// //<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">MOLECULAR NANOTECHNOLOGY ( MNT) // // AND // // be ready before that day arrives. //
 * US nanotech leadership ensures international regulation, resulting in controlled military nanotech**
 * __ Vandermolen 2k6 __ **

//__**Gubrud 97**__// //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(Mark Avrum Gubrud, a research associate, Center for Superconductivity Research (University of Maryland, College Park), is ''a physicist, writer and social activist, November 1997, <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">, “Nanotechnology and International Security”) // // The greatest danger coincides with the // // AND // // us on a course toward the next world war <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">. //
 * Unregulated development of nanotech risks a new arms race – increases the probability of miscalc**

// __ **Altmann 2k4** __ // // (Jurgen, Phd. physics doctoral dissertation on laser radar (University of Hamburg, Germany, since 1985 he has studied scientific-technical problems of disarmament, first concerning high-energy laser weapons, founded the Bochum Verification Project (Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany) that does research into the potential of automatic sensor systems for co-operative verification of disarmament and peace agreements. In recent years, he has studied military uses of, first, microsystems technologies and then nanotechnology, with a view towards preventive arms control (both at University of Dortmund, Germany). University of Dortmund). cofounder of the German Research Association Science, Disarmament and International Security FONAS, and currently is a deputy speaker of the Committee Physics and Disarmament of the German Physical Society, military uses of nanotechnology: perspectives and concerns, security dialogue, vol 35, pg online @ [] ) // // It is predicted that nanotechnology (NT) // // AND // // provide an important precedent <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">, they will be briefly described here. //
 * US action and model is key to cooperation and transparency**

//** __ Altmann 2k4 __ **// // (Jurgen, Phd. physics doctoral dissertation on laser radar (University of Hamburg, Germany, since 1985 he has studied scientific-technical problems of disarmament, first concerning high-energy laser weapons, founded the Bochum Verification Project (Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany) that does research into the potential of automatic sensor systems for co-operative verification of disarmament and peace agreements. In recent years, he has studied military uses of, first, microsystems technologies and then nanotechnology, with a view towards preventive arms control (both at University of Dortmund, Germany). University of Dortmund). cofounder of the German Research Association Science, Disarmament and International Security FONAS, and currently is a deputy speaker of the Committee Physics and Disarmament of the German Physical Society, military uses of nanotechnology: perspectives and concerns, security dialogue, vol 35, pg online @ [] ) // // The potential for mistrust is <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">expected // //<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">AND // //<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">with stringent verification covering military NT R&D. //
 * Independently that transparency will be critical to build confidence and avert miscalc**

//** __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">Dolan 2k12 __ **// //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(Bridget M. Dolan, “Science and Technology Agreements as Tools for Science Diplomacy: A U.S. Case Study,” Science & Diplomacy, Vol. 1, No. 4 (December 2012), pg online @ http://www.sciencediplomacy.org/files/science_and_technology_agreements_as_tools_for_science_diplomacy_science__diplomacy.pdf__ //__um-ef)__ __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">As this paper has elaborated, U.S. decisions __ __ AND __ __ enough to foster meaningful international partnerships <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">. __
 * The plan is a long-term engagement strategy that provides a platform for S&T leadership and U.S. Science Diplomacy**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">subcommittee on research and science education, committee on science and technology, House of Representatives, 110 Congress, administrator of USAID, science and technology advisor to the Secretary of State and US Department of State (Nina, “International Science and Technology Cooperation,” Government Printing Office, 4/2/2008, <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">)//RH <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Chairman Baird, Ranking Member Ehlers, and distinguished <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">AND global partnerships, and create sustainability.
 * That solves every disad impact**
 * Fedoroff 8 **

Contention two is health:
(Woodrow Wilson Internatonal Center for scholars “The promise of Nanotechnology” may 2007 pg online @ [] //um-ef)// // The market opportunity is substantial. Nanotechnology // //AND// // nations and at relatively low cost." //
 * Nanotech is a potential savior for the developing world, but current nanotech policies avoid places like Latin America - despite substantial market opportunity, businesses refuse to invest—we turn your k**
 * __ Wilson Center 2k7 __ **

//**This is specifically true in Latin America**// //** __ Foladori and Lau 2k7 __ **// //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(ReLANS coordinators, Doctoral Program in Development Studies Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas Zacatecas, México, “Nanotechnologies in Latin America,” pg online @ <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">[] //um-ef) There has been little coverage in the AND <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">ignored in the policy rationale behind their implementation.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(T. Lodwick*, R. Rodrigues**, R. Sandler***, W.D. Kay * Nanotechnology and Society Research Group (NSRG), Northeastern University **Santa Clara University, School of Law,** *NSRG, Department of Philosophy and Religion, Northeastern University, NSRG, Deapartment of Political Science, Northeastern University, “nanotechnology and the global poor: the united states policy and international collaborations” pg online @ <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">, AC) Perhaps the most basic barrier to conducting AND the developing world (pro-poor research <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">).
 * Collaboration is key – only way to ensure Pro-Poor Research**
 * __ Lodwick et al 7 __ **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(“Nanotechnology Could Improve Health Care in Developing Countries,” pg online @ http://www.voanews.com/articleprintview/347615.html //um-ef)// // Scientists saynanotech <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">nology, which involves // //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">AND // //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">such as those taking nano-based medicines. //
 * Nanotech in Latin America is critical – Saves thousands of lives and provides the best laboratories for development of disease prevention techniques**
 * __ VOA News 2k9 __ **

//**Disease spread causes extinction**// //__**Yu 2k9**__// //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(5/22, Victoria, Dartmouth Undergraduate Journal of Science, "Human extinction: the uncertainty of our fate", http://dujs.dartmouth.edu/spring-2009/human-extinction-the-uncertainty-of-our-fate) // // A pandemic will kill off all humans // //AND// //<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">infect birds — into a human-viable strain (10). //

//**Nanotech solves disease—reject generic defense—quantum dots sidestep conventional disease prevention**// //** __ Court et al 04 __ **// //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(E. Court*, A. Daar**, E. Martin***, T. Acharya, P. Singer* *University of Toronto Joint Center for Bioethics, Canada **McLaughlin Centre for Molecular Medicine and Departments of Public Health Sciences and Surgery, University of Toronto; University of Toronto Joint Center for Bioethics, Canada** *University of Toronto Joint Center for Bioethics, Canada University of Toronto Joint Center for Bioethics, Canada * University of Toronto Joint Center for Bioethics, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada, “Will Prince Charles et al diminish the opportunities of developing countries in nanotechnology?”, 01/28/2004, <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">[] //VS) Nanotechnology offers a range of AND hold promise for economic development.

__**Lau 08**__ <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Researcher of the Latin American Nanotechnology & Society Network <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 6pt;">¶ <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(ReLANS); PhD. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 6pt;">¶ <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Candidate in Development Studies at the Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas <span class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(Edgar Zayago, “Nanotechnology may be more useful for Mexican society”, 2008, <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">//VS) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">As one of the handful of countries pursuing nanotechnology <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">AND appropriate <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;"> reflexive and ¶ above all social assessments <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">.
 * Mexico is key – Provides a Nano Model for Developing Countries –**