Josef+&+Cormac

__1ac Plan __

 * The United States federal government should invest in the facilitation of regulated pipeline transportation of captured carbon in the United States. **

**__1ac Solvency __**

Cyrus, “Note: Regulating Carbon Capture and Sequestration: A Federal Regulatory Regime to Promote the Construction of a National Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Network,” 80 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 950, Lexis __Rising food prices __, __new CO<2> pipelines __. 17
 * Carbon regulation is coming and CCS technology is advancing – facilitating regulated transportation infrastructure is key to jump-starting the commercial industry **
 * Zarraby 12 ** - chemical engineer for the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, JD expected from GWU in 2012

International Risk Governance Council, “Regulation of Carbon Capture and Storage,” http://www.irgc.org/IMG/pdf/Policy_Brief_CCS.pdf __Large-scale ____ the CCS industry __.
 * The //__entire project__// depends on a national network for pipeline infrastructure **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">IRGC 8 **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">-eminent domain, single regulator, encourages broader CCS investment and //__guarantees__// uniformity <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">Jennifer, “Getting from Here to There: Devising an Optimal Regulatory Model for CO<2> Transport in a New Carbon Capture and Sequestration Industry,” 30 J. Land Resources & Envtl. L. 357, Lexis __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Siting regulations __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;"> more workable.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">The federal government is key **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Horne 10 **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;"> – JD @ U of Utah

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">Cyrus, “Note: Regulating Carbon Capture and Sequestration: A Federal Regulatory Regime to Promote the Construction of a National Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Network,” 80 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 950, Lexis <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">C. Carbon Capture and Sequestration - Lowering Emissions While Still Utilizing the United States' Coal Resources CCS is a multistep process that involves separating CO<2> from the exhaust of a power plant, transporting the CO<2> via pipeline to an underground storage reservoir, and storing the CO<2> underground so that it is not released into the atmosphere. 48 __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">CCS is considered ____<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> private investment __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">. 88
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">It’s reverse causal – federal //__inaction__// creates uncertainty that deters private investment in CCS **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Zarraby 12 **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;"> - chemical engineer for the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, JD expected from GWU in 2012

**__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 14pt;">1ac Economy __** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">“Report of the Interagency Task Force on Carbon Capture and Storage,” http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/downloads/CCS-Task-Force-Report-2010.pdf <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">While __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">CCS __ __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> for export. __
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Advantage 1 – economy **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Carbon sequestration is key to averting negative economic consequences of carbon regulations **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">EPA 10 **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">– US Environmental Protection Agency

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">Cyrus, “Note: Regulating Carbon Capture and Sequestration: A Federal Regulatory Regime to Promote the Construction of a National Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Network,” 80 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 950, Lexis <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">In the United States, __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> electricity generation __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Having coal as a utility option is key – any alternative drastically increases consumer energy costs **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Zarraby 12 **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;"> - chemical engineer for the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, JD expected from GWU in 2012


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">This collapses all major sectors of the economy **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Rose and Wei 6 **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;"> - * Professor of Energy, Environmental and Regional Economics, **Graduate Assistant in the Department of Geography at the Pennsylvania State University**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">Adam and Dan, “The Economic Impacts of Coal Utilization and Displacement in the Continental United States, 2015,” http://www.americaspower.org/sites/all/themes/americaspower/images/pdf/penn-state-study.pdf **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">We performed __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">U.S. economy __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Nuclear war <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Harris and Burrows 9
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">Mathew, PhD European History @ Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer is a member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis” [] **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">Increased Potential for Global Conflict **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">Of course, __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> dog-eat-dog world. __**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Independently, the plan is a key fiscal stimulus <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">ACCCE 11
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">American Coalition for Clean Coal Energy, “American Coalition for Clean Coal Electricity,” http://www.compasscoal.com/blog/ **
 * __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">The United States ____<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> government invests __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">That’s key to faster growth <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Applebaum 12 **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;"> - *PhD, Professor @ Rutgers, senior economist at the Center for Economic and Policy Research **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">Eileen, 4-27, “Blame Budget Austerity for Poor GDP Growth,” http://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/economic-intelligence/2012/04/27/blame-budget-austerity-for-poor-gdp-growth **
 * __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">As the __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;"> ... ****__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> austerity __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Even absent a recession, slow growth leads to global wars <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Khalilzad 11 **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;"> – PhD, Former Professor of Political Science @ Columbia, Former ambassador to Iraq and Afghanistan **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">Zalmay Khalilzad was the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush and the director of policy planning at the Defense Department from 1990 to 1992. "The Economy and National Security" Feb 8 www.nationalreview.com/blogs/print/259024 **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 5pt;">Today, __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">economic __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 5pt;"> ... **__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">their regions __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 5pt;">.

**__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 14pt;">1ac Warming __**


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Advantage 2 – warming **


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Global warming is real and human induced – top climate scientists agree **


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Anderegg et al 10 **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;"> – PhD Candidate @ Stanford in Biology

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">William, “Expert credibility in climate change,” National Academy of Sciences, p. 12107-12109

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">Preliminary reviews of scientific literature and surveys of cli- mate scientists indicate striking agreement with the primary conclusions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC): __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">anthropogenic greenhouse gaseshave .. ____<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">climate change __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Warming is an existential risk – //__quickening__// reductions is key to avoiding extinction **


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Mazo 10 **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">– PhD in Paleoclimatology from UCLA

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">Jeffrey Mazo, Managing Editor, Survival and Research Fellow for Environmental Security and Science Policy at the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London, 3-2010, “Climate Conflict: How global warming threatens security and what to do about it,” pg. 122

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">The best estimates for global warming... __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> profound social, cultural and political changes __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Carbon sequestration is key **


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Mack and Endemann 10 **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;"> - *partner in the Houston office and global Chair of the Environmental Transactional Support Practice, provides over 25 years of experience advising on the transactional, environmental and regulatory issues associated with all sectors of the oil and gas industry, power (including both fossil and renewable energy), mining and chemical industries in the United States and abroad, in addition to the development, financing and entitlements for telecommunications and other industrial and public infrastructure facilities in the United States and offshore, **JD, Faculty @ USD Law, provides comprehensive environmental counseling on energy and infrastructure projects, and represents clients in related litigation**


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">Joel and Buck, “Making carbon dioxide sequestration feasible: Toward federal regulation of CO2 sequestration pipelines,” Energy Policy, http://lw.com/upload/pubContent/_pdf/pub3385_1.pdf **


 * __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">At present,... ____<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> global climate change __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">. 8 **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">CCS solves and immediate action is necessary

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Rogers 7 **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;"> - *CEO of Duke Energy **


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">James, “SENATE ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC WORKS COMMITTEE,” http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Files.View&FileStore_id=96b0a903-32fc-47f8-9a36-b4ddd9805e2b **


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">Carbon capture and storage ... __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> and resources __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">CCS is a //__critical bridge__// to a broader portfolio of sustainable energy

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Forbes et al 8 **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;"> - senior associate at the World Resources Institute, former member of the National Energy Technology Laboratory **


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">Sarah, CCS Guidelines: Guidelines for Carbon Dioxide Capture, Transport, and Storage, World Resources Institute, http://pdf.wri.org/ccs_guidelines.pdf **


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">Scenarios for stabilizing... __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> sustainable energy future __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Only the plan is modeled – BRIC countries won’t cut emissions unless they can avoid economic cost

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Apt et al 7 **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;"> – PhD in Physics @ MIT, Professor of Technology, Tepper School of Business and Engineering and Public Policy **


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">Jay, “Incentives for Near-Term Carbon Dioxide Geological Sequestration,” Carnegie Mellon, http://wpweb2.tepper.cmu.edu/ceic/pdfs_other/Incentives_for_Near-Term_Carbon_Dioxide_Geological_Sequestration.pdf **


 * __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">The __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;"> Intergovernmental Panel ... figure 28 below. **

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 14pt;">1ac Gas __

Chinese natural gas demand is projected to increase exponentially Yan 11 **(Zhou, “China's natural gas imports expected to increase” China Daily, December 12 2011, [])//MR//**

//__China's reliance o...__**, the NDRC said. **//

//Prioritizing carbon infrastructure ends the shift to natural gas// //Frank et al 9** - research associate in the CSIS Energy and National Security Program **// //** Matthew, “Crossing the Natural Gas Bridge,” CSIS, http://csis.org/files/attachments/090624_Crossing_Bridge.pdf **//

//__Aggressive action on__** ... R&D spending. **//

//That’s modeled internationally// //MIT 7// //** (Interdisciplinary Study, The Future of Coal, http://web.mit.edu/coal/) **// //** According to Dr. Deutch, ... greatly enhanced. **//

//Even absent modeling, domestic development leads to Chinese CCS integration// //Yang 12 **– Washington, D.C.-based business journalist and communications professional, with in-depth experience in China, technology, economics, and other policy issues (Catherine, “Amid U.S.-China Energy Tension, "Clean Coal" Spurs Teamwork” National Geographic News, The Great Energy Challenge, February 13 2012, [|http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2012/12/120213-us-china-teamwork-on-clean-coal/)//MR]**//

//__In China, ...__ __reserves.__//

//Coal is key to energy security// //CAT 7 **(“Viewpoint: Perspectives on Modern Mining” Caterpillar Global Mining, 2007, http://mining.cat.com/cda/files/2785323/7/Coal_Eng.pdf)**//**MR**

__As countries ...__** fuels it needed. **

Chinese natural gas demands strengthen the Sino-Russian alliance and undermine US-China energy cooperation Medlock et al. 11 **– Kenneth B. Medlock III, Ph.D., James A. Baker III and Susan G. Baker Fellow in Energy and Resource Economics; Amy Myers Jaffe, Wallace S. Wilson Fellow in Energy Studies, Peter R. Hartley, Ph.D., Rice Scholar, James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy, and George and Cynthia Mitchell Professor of Economics, Rice University (“Shale Gas and U.S. National Security” James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, July 2011, [])//MR//**

//__Under all scenarios, ...__ __the region.__//

//Energy cooperation is key to US-China relations// //BBC 11 **(“China, USA discuss future energy cooperation” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, 19 January 2011, [])**//**MR**


 * Constructive **__cooperation...__** Wang Yusuo said. **

US China relations solve global nuclear war and extinction Wittner 11**—emeritus professor of history at SUNY (Lawrence, pg. 11/28/11 http://www.huntingtonnews.net/14446)//MR**

Past 2NRS
 * But what would that “victory” entail? **__A nuclear ...__ __encourage these policies.__**

Jackson Vanick/Case Jackson Vanick/Case/Shipping Amendment and European pipeline CP T maintenance T loan guarantees