Brian+and+Paula+C

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Note
This is an outline of the 1AC we plan on reading. A card or two is often added or deleted based on strategic need and I apologize in advanced for that. We will tell you if we are changing anything before the round. Sorry for the inconvenience --- Brian (Email with questions at brianklarmandebate@gmail.com)

Contention one is the Advantage –
Status Quo levees are failing. Burdeau and Flesher, 2011 – MSNBC Reporters (Cain and John, “Six years after Katrina, slow progress on nation's levees”, http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/45066867/ns/us_news-life/t/six-years-after-katrina-slow-progress-nations-levees/)//BZ// //NEW ORLEANS — More than six years after … everybody had hoped we'd be."//

//New Orleans lacks evacuation plans – the carless will be trapped again.// //Renne et al. 08 – Renne is a PhD from the University of New Orleans, Sanchez is a PhD from the University of Utah, and Litman is a director at the Victoria Transport Policy Institute (John Renne, Thomas Sanchez, and Todd Litman, “National Study on Carless and Special Needs Evacuation Planning: A Literature Review”, October 2008, accessed 7/3/12)//BZ The objective of this study is to research … and adopted widely (Jenkins, Laska and Williamson 2007).

We should be prepared for the next Katrina – the alternative is generalized accident Steinberg 08 (Philip E., 2008, “What is a City? Rethinking the Urban after Hurricane Katrina,” http://books.google.com/books?id=v1x2cbHvULAC&dq=What+Is+a+City%3F:+Rethinking+the+Urban+After+Hurricane+Katrina&source=gbs_navlinks_s, mat)

The flooding that washed away much … and mobility that had been taken for granted.

The intersection of race and poverty and car-lessness made the aftermath of Katrina into an overwhelming display of institutional racism. Transportation is critical for evacuation Wailoo et al. 10 (Keith Wailoo- B.A, 1984, Yale University; M.A., 1989, and Ph.D. (History and Sociology of Science), 1992, University of Pennsylvania; joint appointment: Associate Professor of History, Karen M. O’Neill- Karen M. O’Neill studies how land and water policies change the standing of program beneficiaries and experts and change government's claims to authority and power., Jeffrey Dowd- graduate student, Roland Anglin- Associate Research Professor; Director, Joseph C. Cornwall Center for Metropolitan Studies School of Public Affairs and Administration (SPAA) Rutgers University-Newark ; Katrina’s Imprint: Race and Vulnerability in America; 11/2010; pages 23-27) A landmark decision most … in many inner-city neighborhoods.

Our fight against this is key to our ethic – the alternative is to endorse violence and permanent war Memmi 00 – Professor Emeritus of Sociology at the University of Paris (Albert, “RACISM”, translated by Steve Martinot, pp.163-165) The struggle against racism will be … a wager, but the stakes are irresistible.

There is an obligation for government action on Katrina Jorgenson 11 Hurricane Katrina: Humanitarian Obligations and Lessons Learned Ellen Jorgenson Case-Specific Briefing Paper Humanitarian Assistance in Complex Emergencies University of Denver 2011 According to Fred Cuny, the root …, interpreted through policy and practice.

Plan
Thus the plan: The United States federal government should substantially increase its investment in evacuation transportation infrastructure in New Orleans.

Contention Two is Ethics –
Transportation justice demands federal action; leaving policies up to local populations CREATES disasters as communities fail to live up to their obligations to the poor. Morse 2008 - senior attorney with the Biloxi office of Mississippi Center for Justice; received Equal Justice Works Katrina Legal Fellowship; received Edwin D. Wolf Public Interest Law Award from the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law; co-founder of the Steps Coalition; Panelist for the Joint center for Political and Economic Studies, NAACP; published by the Joint Center For Political and Economic Studies Health Policy Institute (Reilly, “Environmental Justice Through the Eye of Hurricane Katrina” 2008, http://198.65.105.204/hpi/sites/all/files/EnvironmentalJustice.pdf )//ALo The American transportation model … and to adequate interim care and treatment. 194

Welcoming the Other is the only way to prevent apocalypse Fasching 93 Darrell, professor of religious studies at the University of South Florida, The Ethical Challenge of Auschwitz and Hiroshima: Apocalypse or Utopia The apocalyptic threat of our … coming of the third millennium.

Our obligation is to make the state ethical – the state is inevitable and the alternative to state ethics is the destruction of the other Simmons 99 William Paul, current Associate Professor of Political Science at ASU, formerly at Bethany College in the Department of History and Political Science, “The Third: Levinas' theoretical move from an-archical ethics to the realm of justice and politics,” Philosophy & Social Criticism November 1, 1999 vol. 25 no. 6

Since ‘it is impossible to escape the … contrary of what it wants to secure.

This ethic outweighs consequences Burns 08 Lawrence, Professor in History of Medicine at the King’s University College at the University of Western Ontario, “Identifying concrete ethical demands in the face of the abstract other: Emmanuel Levinas’ pragmatic ethics”, Philosophy Social Criticism March 2008 vol. 34 no. 3 The link between the face … subject’s assumption of responsibility for the other.

We should view morals before consequences – we can understand the virtue of an action but we can never understand the consequences Lenman 00 Univeristy of Glasglow and the United Kingdom Arts and Humanities Research Board.Consequentialism and Cluelessness Author(s): James Lenman Reviewed work(s): Source: Philosophy & Public Affairs, Vol. 29, No. 4 (Autumn, 2000), pp. 342-370 Published by: Blackwell Publishing Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2672830. Accessed: 24/07/2012 09:53

A typical morally significant action will … precisely not be consequentialist.

Their flashpoint ethic claims don’t matter – without overhauling the system the status quo is futile Fasching 93 Darrell, professor of religious studies at the University of South Florida, The Ethical Challenge of Auschwitz and Hiroshima: Apocalypse or Utopia) When I began work on … that presently governs our lives.

A crisis focused ethic is wrong – attention to isolated instances of warfare ignores the daily horrors of militarist exceptionalism. This is the precondition for any war to happen Cuomo 1996 – PhD, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Philosophy, University of Cincinnati (Chris, Hypatia Fall 1996. Vol. 11, Issue 3, pg 30) In "Gender and `Postmodern' War," … appears to be the inevitability of war and militarism.

Structural harms outweigh all other considerations. Abu-Jamal 98 (Mumia, award-winning PA journalist, 9/19, http://www.flashpoints.net/mQuietDeadlyViolence.html) We live, equally immersed, and to a … and terrible violence passes away with them.

Even if our politics is impossible, it is still good. Our struggle is necessary to celebrating life. The alternative denies our potential to affirm life and condemns others to unnecessary suffering. May ‘5 (Todd May, prof @ Clemson. “To change the world, to celebrate life,” Philosophy & Social Criticism 2005 Vol 31 nos 5–6 pp. 517–531) To change the world and to celebrate … willing to take your world up for you.

Ignoring morals justifies Nazi Germany Dimitrijevic 10 Nenad, associate professor at CEU Political Science Department, “Moral knowledge and mass crime : A critical reading of moral relativism,” Philosophy Social Criticism February 2010 vol. 36 no. 2 When thinking about perpetrators, collaborators or … The conclusion reads that authenticity exculpates.

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Note
Email Paula with questions (paulac.478@gmail.com)

Past 2NR's
Elections DA, Stimulus Bad, Virilio K, Framework, T - Maintenance, NIB PIC, T - Increase is pre-existing, Privatization CP + Coercion