Natural+Disasters+Aff

Natural disasters exacerbate previously existing patterns of discrimination – women are more likely to suffer than men
Although they level widespread and often inescapable destruction, natural disasters do not affect all AND death. Their babies have increased chances of developing respiratory complications and infections.
 * Ahmed 15** – World Reporter at ThinkProgress (Beenish Ahmed, "5 Reasons Natural Disasters Are Worse For Women", Think Progress, 5/7/2015, http://thinkprogress.org/world/2015/05/07/3655384/women-disasters/)//MBB

Biological and physiological differences cause disproportionate suffering for women in disasters
Biological and physiological differences in disaster response capacity can lead to differential mortality rates for AND reduced, the number of miscarriages increases, as does maternal and infant mortality
 * Neumayer and Plumper 7** – Department of Geography and Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science [Neumayer], Department of Government, University of Essex and Max-Planck Institute of Economics [Plumper] (Eric Neumayer and Thomas Plumper, "The Gendered Nature of Natural Disasters: The Impact of Catastrophic Events on the Gender Gap in Life Expectancy, 1981–2002", Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 9/1/2007, EBSCOhost)//MBB

The disparate impact goes beyond biological differences – many societies socially condition women not learn to swim and to wear constrictive clothing which means they can't escape
The discussion above would suggest that biologically or physiologically determined sex differences in disaster mortality AND for most women who became trapped in their domestic homes (Krishnaraj 1997).
 * Neumayer and Plumper 7** – Department of Geography and Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science [Neumayer], Department of Government, University of Essex and Max-Planck Institute of Economics [Plumper] (Eric Neumayer and Thomas Plumper, "The Gendered Nature of Natural Disasters: The Impact of Catastrophic Events on the Gender Gap in Life Expectancy, 1981–2002", Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 9/1/2007, EBSCOhost)//MBB

The aftermath of natural disasters makes it even worse – impact on women is intensified
In this subsection, we argue that while the gender differences in casualty rates result AND age of five was 3.5 times higher than that of males.
 * Neumayer and Plumper 7** – Department of Geography and Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science [Neumayer], Department of Government, University of Essex and Max-Planck Institute of Economics [Plumper] (Eric Neumayer and Thomas Plumper, "The Gendered Nature of Natural Disasters: The Impact of Catastrophic Events on the Gender Gap in Life Expectancy, 1981–2002", Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 9/1/2007, EBSCOhost)//MBB

Humans control the reasons women are disproportionately affected – new response mechanisms necessary
Human beings can and in fact do influence—willingly and unwillingly—the degree AND other, however for explanatory purposes we discuss them separately and in turn.
 * Neumayer and Plumper 7** – Department of Geography and Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science [Neumayer], Department of Government, University of Essex and Max-Planck Institute of Economics [Plumper] (Eric Neumayer and Thomas Plumper, "The Gendered Nature of Natural Disasters: The Impact of Catastrophic Events on the Gender Gap in Life Expectancy, 1981–2002", Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 9/1/2007, EBSCOhost)//MBB

Separation, intestinal disease, and dehydration ensure children face the very worst effects of natural disasters
Following major disasters, children often suffer from a range of health problems. Natural AND is in the womb; it then turns to disasters' effects on children.
 * Kousky 16** – (Carolyn Kousky, "Impacts of Natural Disasters on Children", The Future of Children, Spring 2016, http://www.jstor.org/stable/43755231)//MBB

Natural disasters are not just acts of God – policy-makers can and should take steps to lessen the impact
Geographers and other social scientists have argued for many years that there is little that AND , reduce the excess disaster mortality of women compared to that of men.
 * Neumayer and Plumper 7** – Department of Geography and Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science [Neumayer], Department of Government, University of Essex and Max-Planck Institute of Economics [Plumper] (Eric Neumayer and Thomas Plumper, "The Gendered Nature of Natural Disasters: The Impact of Catastrophic Events on the Gender Gap in Life Expectancy, 1981–2002", Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 9/1/2007, EBSCOhost)//MBB

Plan
====The United States federal government should call a summit meeting with the People's Republic of China for the purpose of drafting humanitarian assistance and disaster relief standard operating procedures through the Asian Defense Minister Meeting Plus framework.====

Status quo HADR cooperation takes out their DA's but doesn't solve – the US and China are key
A Sino-American joint military exercise on humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HA AND by ASEAN but supported with liaison officers from the "plus" countries.
 * Bo 15** (Zhou Bo is an honorary fellow with Center of China-American Defense Relations, Academy of Military Science, PLA, China. "China-U.S. HA/DR Exercise and its Implication for the Asia-Pacific," China US Focus, Feb 16, 2015, http://www.chinausfocus.com/peace-security/china-u-s-hadr-exercise-and-its-implication-for-the-asia-pacific/)//wm

Greater coordination is key in the Asia-Pacific – ADMM-Plus solves
The Asia-Pacific remains the world's most natural disaster-prone area, according AND towards concluding a Code of Conduct in the South China Sea (COC).
 * Ibrahim 15 (Garry Ibrahim was a speaker at the 10th CSCAP-Brunei General Conference. "Building Greater Mutual Trust through Disaster Relief Cooperation" 10/21/15-10/23/15 Delivered at 10TH CSCAP GENERAL CONFERENCE: CONFIDENCE BUILDING IN THE ASIA PACIFIC – THE SECURITY ARCHITECTURE OF THE 21ST CENTURY. http://www.cscap.org/uploads/docs/Related%20Research/10GenConf/13GarryIbrahim(Brunei)10GC.pdf)///CW**

ADMM-Plus is the best framework for HADR cooperation
Since the establishment of the ADMM in 2006, the regional association has developed multiple AND efforts away from the corridors in Geneva and New York to this region.
 * Cook 16** (Dr Alistair D. B. Cook is Coordinator of the Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief Programme and Research Fellow at the Centre for Non-Traditional Security Studies, RSIS. "ONE ASEAN, ONE RESPONSE: ADMM AND ADMM-PLUS CONTRIBUTIONS TO HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE," ROUNDTABLE ON THE FUTURE OF THE ADMM/ADMM-PLUS AND DEFENCE DIPLOMACY IN THE ASIA PACIFIC; The S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS). Edited by Sarah Teo and Bhubhindar Singh. Feb 2016, https://www.rsis.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/PR160223_Future-of-the-ADMM.pdf)//wm

The US and China are both absolutely necessary for coordination and response
Planning for Major Disasters It appears from a literature review that one of the biggest AND a better chance of a faster and more effective response and recovery effort.
 * Lasater 15** (Martin Lasater is a Senior Research Analyst at Energetics Incorporated, the author of several books on Sino-American strategic relations, and a specialist on critical infrastructure security and resilience. "Natural Disasters: Preparing for the Big One," The Diplomat, April 21, 2015, http://thediplomat.com/2015/04/natural-disasters-preparing-for-the-big-one/)//wm

China says yes
China and ASEAN signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on Disaster Management Cooperation AND (notably Vietnam and the Philippines) as an aggressive, revanchist power.
 * Tiezzi 14 (Shannon Tiezzi writes with a main focus on China, and she writes on China's foreign relations, domestic politics, and economy. Shannon previously served as a research associate at the U.S.-China Policy Foundation, where she hosted the weekly television show China Forum. She received her A.M. from Harvard University and her B.A. from The College of William and Mary. Shannon has also studied at Tsinghua University in Beijing. "How Disaster Relief Can Save China-ASEAN Relations" 8/7/14 http://thediplomat.com/2014/10/how-disaster-relief-can-save-china-asean-relations/)///CW**

Prioritize structural impacts – worst-case scenario predictions are based on threat exaggeration – distorts rational decision-making and justify preemptive warfare
Focusing on Worst-Case Scenarios Cass Sunstein, who seems to have invented the AND of public monies in a responsible manner. [page 14-17]
 * Mueller & Stewart '11** [John, Woody Hayes National Security Studies and Professor of Political Science @ Ohio State University, Mark, Professor of Civil Engineering and Director of the Centre for Infrastructure Performance and Reliability at the University of Newcastle in Australia, "Terror, Security, and Money", page numbers below, CMR]

The government has a moral imperative to at least attempt to stop natural disasters
Jorgenson 11 (Hurricane Katrina: Humanitarian Obligations and Lessons Learned Ellen Jorgenson Case-Specific Briefing Paper Humanitarian Assistance in Complex Emergencies University of Denver 2011) According to Fred Cuny, the root cause of most disasters is poverty (Van AND NGO and individual reactions to disasters, interpreted through policy and practice.

Government key to disaster response
GAO 06 United States Government Accountability Office GAO Report to Congressional Committees TRANSPORTATIONDISADVANTAGED POPULATIONS Actions Needed to Clarify Responsibilities and Increase Preparedness for Evacuations The experience of Hurricane Katrina illustrated that when state, local, and federal AND these agencies' responsibilities in order to strengthen the federal government's evacuation preparedness.

Wars won't go nuclear
Even if initial nuclear use did not quickly end the fighting, the supposition of AND cosmic holocaust might be mistakenly precipitated in this way belongs to science fiction.
 * Quinlan 9** (Michael, Former Permanent Under-Sec. State – UK Ministry of Defense, "Thinking about Nuclear Weapons: Principles, Problems, Prospects", p. 63-69)

Even if consequentialism is good, we must have side constraints or survival can justify a number of evils
The value of survival could not be so readily abused were it not for its AND properly manage their need to survive, they succeeded in not doing so.
 * Callahan 73** – Co-Founder and former director of The Hastings Institute, PhD in philosophy from Harvard University (Daniel, "The Tyranny of Survival", p 91-93)

Impossible to predict what causes wars
Wars — to continue with the same example — are similar to chemical and nuclear AND outcomes of single cases are often much more important than any statistical regularities.
 * Bernstein et al 00** [Steven Bernstein et al., Richard Ned Lebow, Janice Gross Stein and Steven Weber, University of Toronto, The Ohio State University, University of Toronto and University of California at Berkeley. God Gave Physics the Easy Problems: Adapting Social Science to an Unpredictable World, European Journal of International Relations 2000; 6; 43.]