Aff+v1

China is planning a massive expansion of nuclear reprocessing capabilities – that causes other Asian countries to follow suit and undermines non-prolif
China's reprocessing plans At an October 2015 session of the First Committee session of the AND comment on Moniz's remarks and CNNC said its press officers weren't available.19
 * Green 16** [Jim Green ‒ Nuclear Monitor editor, “Reprocessing and plutonium stockpiling in East Asia,” //Nuclear Monitor//, Issue: #82145510, June 4, 2016, https://wiseinternational.org/nuclear-monitor/821/reprocessing-and-plutonium-stockpiling-east-asia]

East Asian reprocessing catalyzes a race to stockpile plutonium --- that provides a cover for weapons development
Later this week, from March 31 to April 1, Washington will host the AND and China to follow America’s example of //deferring the commercializing of plutonium fuels//.
 * Sokolski 16** [Henry, executive director of The Nonproliferation Policy Education Center in Arlington, Virginia; an adjunct professor at Georgetown Univ, “Can East Asia avoid a nuclear explosive materials arms race?,” //Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists,// March 26, 2016, http://thebulletin.org/can-east-asia-avoid-nuclear-explosive-materials-arms-race9295]

Reprocessing arms races cause an atmosphere of paranoia and instability that escalates to nuclear acquisition and causes global prolif
In contrast, China’s plutonium reprocessing ambitions are only now beginning to materialize into concrete AND interest in nuclear reprocessing far outweigh any benefit achieved in nuclear waste management.
 * Armstrong 16** [Ian Armstrong is a Supervisor and Researcher at Wikistrat, he previously assisted in research at Temple University, the University of Pennsylvania, Scottish Parliament, and Hudson Institute's Center for Political-Military Analysis, where he has focused on non-proliferation and international energy, his research has been presented at conferences at Tufts University and University of Edinburgh, and his analysis has been featured at prominent outlets such as Business Insider, Foreign Policy Association, CBS News, and RealClearEnergy, “East Asian plutonium policies risk regional stability,” Global Risk Insight, April 25, 2016, http://globalriskinsights.com/2016/04/east-asian-plutonium-policies]

Unmanaged tech breakout causes nuclear war --- commercial reprocessing triggers the link
Sokolski 9 [Henry Sokolski, Executive Director of the Nonproliferation Policy Education Center, 6/1/2009, Avoiding a Nuclear Crowd, []] Fissile for peace and war Compounding this worrisome prospect are large amounts of weapons- AND , would ever want. None of this, however, is inevitable.

Prolif causes extinction --- only impact capable of breaching mutually assured deterrence
The spread of nuclear weapons poses at least six severe threats to international peace and AND , any one of those crises could result in a //catastrophic nuclear exchange//.
 * Kroenig 15** [Matthew, Associate Professor and International Relations Field Chair in the Department of Government and School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, “The History of Proliferation Optimism: Does It Have a Future?,” //Journal of Strategic Studies//, Volume 38, Issue 1-2, 2015]

Engagement with global markets gives the US leverage to shape reprocessing norms – the alternative is proliferation
Wallace et al, 13 – CSIS Senior Advisor [Michael, John Kotek, Sarah Williams, Paul Nadeau, Thomas Hundertmark, George David Banks, June, CSIS, Restoring Us Leadership in Nuclear Energy, [|https://csis-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3f public/legacy_files/files/publication/130614_ RestoringUSLeadershipNuclearEnergy_ WEB.pdf], accessed 7/17/16, ge] CONTROLLING THE SPREAD OF ENRICHMENT AND REPROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES ¶ Growth in nuclear electricity production outside AND a //loss of leverage in persuading aspiring nuclear nations to refrain from////reprocessing.//

China abandoning reprocessing now is key --- encourages a shift to safer tech --- delay ensures bureaucratic momentum locks-in long-term reprocessing
If there’s one country that could disprove the old joke among engineers about nuclear power AND and developing technologies that might enable nuclear energy to play a larger part.
 * Nature 16** [Nature editorial, Nature is “the weekly, international, interdisciplinary journal of science”, Editor-in-Chief: Philip Campbell, BSc, aeronautical engineering, University of Bristol; MSc, astrophysics, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London; PhD and postdoctoral fellowship, upper atmospheric physics, University of Leicester, “The nuclear option: China is vigorously promoting nuclear energy, but its pursuit of reprocessing is misguided,” //Nature//, May 4, 2016, http://www.nature.com/news/the-nuclear-option-1.19844

Advantage 2: Nuclear Power
====China’s rapidly investing in nuclear power, both domestically and internationally --- they’ve already agreed to build a plant in the UK, and they want to establish export markets --- bolstering transparency is crucial to ensure safe tech expansion==== A European nuclear plant built and operated by China? Unimaginable, one might say AND __technology is a //more transparent nuclear industry and safety regime within China itself//.__
 * Wübbeke and Ting 16** [Jost Wübbeke is head of the economy and technology program at the Mercator Institute for China Studies (MERICS) in Berlin. Guan Ting is a visiting academic fellow at MERICS, “China's Nuclear Industry Goes Global,” //The Diplomat//, February 11, 2016, http://thediplomat.com/2016/02/chinas-nuclear-industry-goes-global/]

Chinese designs are key to rapid global nuclear energy transitions --- their capital flows and labor costs make Chinese exports more cost-effective than any other country
SHENZHEN, China— China wants to shift from customer to competitor in the global AND hurdles, though these may be overcome through jointly investing with local partners.
 * Spegele 16** [Brian, graduate degrees in Mandarin and Chinese Studies from Nanjing University, WSJ China correspondent, “China Inc.’s Nuclear-Power Push,” Wall Street Journal, February 23, 2016, []]

Multifaceted nuclear industry engagement between the US and China establishes a culture of safety cooperation that establishes effective global safeguards
Nakano 14 [Jane, Fellow, Energy and National Security Program, The Center for Strategic and International Studies, “U.S.-CHINA CLEAN ENERGY COOPERATION”, Statement before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, [|http:// uscc.gov/sites/default/files/Testimony_Nakano_USCC_4%2025%202014_revised.pdf] ] Nuclear energy has become central to energy planning for China, the world’s most populous AND between the two countries in //enhancing regulatory and safety standards around the world//.

Current energy supplies are collapsing—increased investment in US nuclear power advances is key to prevent warming and ensure sustainable energy production
// I. __THE NEED FOR NUCLEARENERGY__ ∂ __Next-generation nuclear power should be a__// AND consumption of nuclear waste//, as discussed below in Section II.A.
 * Robock 16** [Zachary, JD, associate at Jones Day, where his practice focuses on corporate and energy matters, “Economic Solutions to Nuclear Energy's Financial Challenges”, 2016, http://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1053&context=mjeal]//DBI//

US-China cooperation over safe nuclear power development in China is key to prevent warming—now is key
// China – U.S. cooperation & planetary resurgence∂ There are many reasons // // AND // //__United States, but the__// __repercussions of success would ring throughout the planet//.__
 * Hansen 14** [James, adjunct professor in the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences at Columbia University, elected to the National Academy of Sciences, has won several awards for his climate change research, “Renewable Energy, Nuclear Power and Galileo: Do Scientists Have a Duty to Expose Popular Misconceptions?”, 2/21/14, http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/mailings/2014/20140221_DraftOpinion.pdf]//DBI//

Warming is real, anthropogenic, and threatens extinction --- prefer __new evidence__ that represents __consensus__
Griffin 15 (David, Claremont philosophy professor, “The climate is ruined. So can civilization even survive?”, 4-14, []) Although most of us worry about other things, climate scientists have become increasingly worried AND //the whole world to replace dirty energy with clean as soon as possible.//

U.S. nuclear leadership will collapse in the status quo – expanding access to global markets ensures the US continues to shape global nuclear norms
Wallace et al, 13 – CSIS Senior Advisor [Michael, John Kotek, Sarah Williams, Paul Nadeau, Thomas Hundertmark, George David Banks, June, CSIS, Restoring Us Leadership in Nuclear Energy, [|https://csis-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3f public/legacy_files/files/publication/130614_ RestoringUSLeadershipNuclearEnergy_ WEB.pdf], accessed 7/17/16, ge] EXECUTIVE SUMMARY America’s nuclear energy industry is in decline. Low natural gas prices, AND to become irrelevant in a new nuclear age. This brief outlines why.

1ac – plan
====The United States federal government should offer to lift restrictions on foreign ownership of nuclear power reactors for investors from the People’s Republic of China in exchange for the People’s Republic of China suspending nuclear spent fuel reprocessing development programs, expanding anti-proliferation outreach efforts targeted at the domestic nuclear industry, and establishing high-level intelligence exchanges between China National Nuclear Corp. and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.====

China is leapfrogging America’s nuclear industry --- refusing to open domestic plants up to foreign investment means the U.S. gets left behind
A. Increasing Globalization of the Nuclear Energy Industry With ninety-nine reactors producing AND taken foreign funding and may //even be majority-foreign-owned//. n37
 * Desai and Schroeder 16** [Sachin Desai is a law clerk for the Atomic Safety & Licensing Board Panel at the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). Kathleen Schroeder is an attorney with the Department of Energy General Counsel's Office for Civilian Nuclear Programs, “U.S. Nuclear Foreign Ownership Policy Ready for a Refreshed Interpretation,” Energy Law Journal Vol. 37, No. 1, 2016]

====The plan revitalizes the US nuclear industry through opening up US nuclear plants to Chinese investment in exchange for approving their nuclear tech. China says yes- they agreed to a similar QPQ with Britain and they’re trying to expand to the U.S. now==== B. The Need to Revisit Restrictions on Foreign Ownership of U.S. AND Staff to reach diverging views with applicants on the meaning of the term.
 * Desai and Schroeder 16** [Sachin Desai is a law clerk for the Atomic Safety & Licensing Board Panel at the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). Kathleen Schroeder is an attorney with the Department of Energy General Counsel's Office for Civilian Nuclear Programs, “U.S. Nuclear Foreign Ownership Policy Ready for a Refreshed Interpretation,” Energy Law Journal Vol. 37, No. 1, 2016]

The NRC can approve foreign ownership --- opening up nuclear plants to Chinese investment infuses the American nuclear industry with cash and improves America’s nuclear competitiveness
As the global energy economy becomes increasingly fluid, foreign ownership of U.S AND licensed facility remain in the hands of U.S. citizens ." n363
 * Desai and Schroeder 16** [Sachin Desai is a law clerk for the Atomic Safety & Licensing Board Panel at the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). Kathleen Schroeder is an attorney with the Department of Energy General Counsel's Office for Civilian Nuclear Programs, “U.S. Nuclear Foreign Ownership Policy Ready for a Refreshed Interpretation,” Energy Law Journal Vol. 37, No. 1, 2016]

China says yes – they’re desperate to find any market for nuclear exports
China’s nuclear power industry has eyed up a big push to export its technologies as AND be needed to fulfil its order book, must be in serious doubt.
 * Thomas 16** [Steve Thomas, professor of energy studies at the University of Greenwich, in London, “Why China’s Nuclear Exports May Struggle to Find a Market,” May 13, 2016, China File, https://www.chinafile.com/environment/why-chinas-nuclear-exports-may-struggle-find-market]

====Chinese nuclear industry growth is the single greatest risk to global nonprolif --- inducing Chinese nuclear sector transparency and government-to-government information exchange ensures effective safety measures==== __China continues to be the //key source of goods// and technology for the prohibited nuclear__ __AND__ waning, but //it could also undermine broader nonproliferation efforts around the world//.
 * Bowen 13** [Wyn Q. Bowen, professor of nonproliferation and international security and the director of the Centre for Science and Security Studies in the Department of War Studies at King's College in London, his expertise is in nonproliferation, terrorism, and US security policy, from 1997 to 1998, he served as a weapons inspector on several missile teams in Iraq with the UN Special Commission; he has also worked as a consultant to the International Atomic Energy Agency, more recently, he was a specialist adviser to the House of Commons' Foreign Affairs Committee for inquiries into Britain's decision to enter the Iraq War, also written with Ian J. Stewart and Daniel Salisbury, “Engaging China in proliferation prevention,” //Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists//, October 29, 2013, http://thebulletin.org/engaging-china-proliferation-prevention]