Sabrina+&+Sahra

Plan Text

 * The United States Agency for International Development should substantially increase its investment, promotion, and technical assistance for its development of integrated multi-trophic offshore aquaculture in the Earth’s oceans. **

Food Security

 * Contention 1 is Food Security **

Warming’s decimating global fisheries and aquaculture production – decline of these sectors alone creates massive food insecurity
The __threats of climate change to human society and natural ecosystems__ have been __elevated to__ __AND__ __and poverty__ reduction __issues in the face of climate change and energy security__.
 * Cochrane et. al. 9 –** Chief Fisheries Management and Conservation Service @ Fisheries and Aquaculture Management Division @ FAO, Fishery Policy Analyst @ Fisheries and Aquaculture Economics and Policy Division @ FAO, Senior Fisheries Resources Officer (Aquaculture) @ Fisheries and Aquaculture Management Division @ FAO, Fishery Resources Officer @ Fisheries and Aquaculture Management Division @ FAO (Kevern Cochrane, Cassandra De Young, Doris Soto, Tarub Bahri, 2009, “Climate change implications for fisheries and aquaculture,” []) //twontwon

Escalation to resource wars is fast and global – sustainable alternatives are key to prevent widespread resource conflicts
__Climate change and__ an __increasing population could trigger a global food crisis in the next__ __AND__ has pledged to meet 10% of its vehicle fuel needs with biofuels.
 * Sample 7 –** PhD in biomedical materials from Queen Mary's(Ian Sample, University of London, Science Corresondent at The Guaradian, 8/30/7, “Global food crisis looms as climate change and population growth strip fertile land,” []

Resource wars escalate and cause extinction
“It is clear that most politicians and most citizens do not recognize that AND the worst (and not unlikely) case, __a nuclear war ending civilization__
 * Woolridge 9** (Frosty, Former Officer – US Army Medical Service Corps, “America Galloping Toward Its Greatest Crisis in the 21st Century”, The Examiner, 5-22, [])

Aquaculture development solves – it’s uniquely resilient to climate change and facilitates adaptation
It is still worthwhile to note that __the control of the production process__ that has AND __will make the world’s food production systems more diversified and thereby more resilient.__
 * Asche 11 –** Prof.Department of Industrial Economics, University of Stavenger (Frank Asche, 2011, “Green Growth in Fisheries and Aquaculture Production and Trade,” []

The plan’s development of sustainable systems spills over globally – this mitigates food collapses and builds resilience
A __focus on anticipation of potential climate and scarcity risks leads__ on naturally __to a__ __AND__ should take scarcity issues into account, particularly in post-conflict contexts.
 * Evans 10** – Head of the Program on Resource Scarcity, Climate Change and Multilateralism @ Center on International Cooperation, NYU (Alex Evans, 9/9/10, “Resource Scarcity, Climate Change and the Risk of Violent Conflict,” []

Aquaculture is both sufficient and necessary to guarantee long term food security – no other sources can increase production fast enough
Hishamunda et al 9 - Fishery Planning Officer at the Fishery and Aquaculture Economics and Policy Division of the FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department (Nathanael, Junning Cai – Assistant Professor at Central University of Finance and Economics, PingSun Leung – professor at College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, “Commercial aquaculture and economic growth, poverty alleviation and food security, FAO, [], JZG) Aquaculture’s contribution to food security The existing and potential contributions of aquaculture to food security AND and static fishery production make aquaculture an important supply source for fish products.

__What Will Be the Future of the Oceans?__ The oceans contain a vast diversity AND __, the stability of marine ecosystems, and water quality all decrease exponentially.__
 * Overfishing will destroy the ocean in the short term **
 * Oceana 7** - adapted from a briefing given on May 24, 2007 at the World Trade Organization by Andrew Sharpless, Chief Executive Officer of Oceana and Dr. Rashid Sumaila, Director of the Fisheries Economics Research Unit at the University of British Columbia Fisheries Centre (“STATE OF THE WORLD’S FISHERIES”, []) //J.N.E

__Florida State University researchers have spearheaded a major review of fisheries research that examines the__ __AND__ of Maine, the Centre de Recherche Halieutique Méditerranéenne et Tropicale in France.
 * Specifically, it destroys regional diversities – interdependence **
 * Science Daily 14 ** – leading publishers of science news – citing Flordia State University research (“Snowball effect of overfishing highlighted”, Jan 7th, []) //J.N.E

__Palaeontologists characterize mass extinctions as times when the Earth loses more than three-quarters__ __AND__ __the urgency of relieving the pressures that are pushing today’s species towards extinction.__
 * Continued loss of biodiversity causes extinction **
 * Bamosky et al 11** - Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, University of California Museum of Paleontology, California, USA. University of California Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, California, USA. Human Evolution Research Center, California, USA, (Anthony D. Barnosky, Nicholas Matzke, Susumu Tomiya, Guinevere O. U. Wogan, Brian Swartz, Tiago B. Quental, Charles Marshall, Jenny L. McGuire, Emily L. Lindsey, Kaitlin C. Maguire, Ben Mersey & Elizabeth A. Ferrer, “Has the Earth’s sixth mass extinction already arrived?”, Nature Journal, Volume 471, Peer Reviewed) //J.N.E

the plan solves water scarcity – it’s more efficient than squo production systems – this solves water conflicts
__Understanding how fisheries interact__ with other economic sectors __and how fisherfolk have adapted to variability__ AND __reuse water from aquaculture compare very favorably with terrestrial__ crop and livestock __production.__
 * WFC 5** – World Fish Center (Allison EH, Adger NW, Badjeck M-C, Brown Kritik, Conway D, Dulvy NK, Halls A, Perry A, and Reynolds JD, 2005, “The threat to fisheries and aquaculture from climate change,” http://www.worldfishcenter.org/resource_centre/ClimateChange2.pdf) //twontwon

Water wars draw in great powers and go nuclear
__If we do not destroy ourselves with the A-bomb__ and the H- AND at the **__60.000 nuclear warheads__** the world has stockpiled since Trinity.
 * Weiner 90** (Professor – Princeton, “The Next 100 Years”, pg. 270)

Current regulatory structure blocks development of offshore aquaculture in federal waters --- leads to both under and over regulation and leaves the door open for inevitable legal challenges
Johns, 13 --- J.D. Candidate, USC Law 2013 (March 2013, Kristen L., Southern California Law Review, FARM FISHING HOLES: GAPS IN FEDERAL REGULATION OF OFFSHORE AQUACULTURE,” 86 S. Cal. L. Rev. 681, JMP) III. DEFICIENCIES OF THE CURRENT REGULATORY SCHEME The current regime for regulating offshore AND authority will allow opponents of the aquaculture industry to effectively challenge any project.

Domestic aquaculture starts ups are being driven away from __federal waters__ to other countries
Frezza, 12 --- fellow at the Competitive Enterprise Institute and a Boston-based venture capitalist (11/26/2012, Bill, “Regulatory Uncertainty Drives Fish Farmer to Foreign Waters,” [], JMP) Yet farmed fish still carries a bad rap, both from environmentalists concerned about the AND their right mind would dare to start a business like this in California.

Reliance on seafood imports will wreck the domestic seafood industry which is key to the overall economy. The only suitable alternative is self-sufficient national production.
Corbin, 10 --- President of Aquaculture Planning & Advocacy LLC (May/ June 2010, John S., Marine Technology Society Journal, “Sustainable U.S. Marine Aquaculture Expansion, a Necessity,” ingentaconnect database, JMP) WHY U.S. MARINE AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT IS IMPORTANT Seafood Consumption in America AND aquaculture to bolster the seafood industry to satisfy its many millions of customers.

The impact is global nuclear war
Freidberg & Schonfeld, 8 --- *Professor of Politics and IR at Princeton’s Woodrow Wilson School, AND **senior editor of Commentary and a visiting scholar at the Witherspoon Institute in Princeton (10/21/2008, Aaron and Gabriel, “The Dangers of a Diminished America”, Wall Street Journal, []) With the global financial system in serious trouble, is America's geostrategic dominance likely to AND of disengagement and the stiff price tag of continued American leadership.

Boosting domestic ocean aquaculture reverses the seafood trade deficit
Strasser, 14 --- Senior Editor of ThinkProgress (4/21/2014, Annie-Rose, “The New, Innovative And More Efficient Way Of Feeding People,” [], JMP)

Models are all that researchers have to go off when assessing the potential impact of AND the lesson the hard way. Because the sources are drying up. ”
 * Note --- Don Kent is President of the Hubbs-Sea World Research Institute**

Independently, the plan creates tens of thousands of jobs
Strasser, 14 --- Senior Editor of ThinkProgress (4/21/2014, Annie-Rose, “The New, Innovative And More Efficient Way Of Feeding People,” [], JMP)

But where the negative rhetoric around the corporatization of fish farming is true, so AND Well over 20,000 jobs, just to feed our own people.”
 * Note --- Don Kent is President of the Hubbs-Sea World Research Institute**

The plan solves, it creates a sustainable model that trades off with wild fish stock
IV. The Benefits and Harms of Modern Aquaculture Before delving into an account of AND a “green” blue revolution and realize its full, impressive potential.
 * Smith 12** --- J.D. Harvard Law School, 2012 (4/19/2012, Turner, “Greening the Blue Revolution: How History Can Inform a Sustainable Aquaculture Movement,” [], JMP)

Solvency

 * Contention 3 is Solvency: **

Comprehensive regulatory framework is critical to aquaculture development in federal waters
Johns, 13 - -- J.D. Candidate, USC Law 2013 (March 2013, Kristen L., Southern California Law Review, FARM FISHING HOLES: GAPS IN FEDERAL REGULATION OF OFFSHORE AQUACULTURE,” 86 S. Cal. L. Rev. 681, JMP) II. WHY REGULATE NOW? Prompt regulation of offshore aquaculture is needed for AND //developed//, but that it does so in a sustainable and precautionary way.

Only an overarching federal policy to guide the development of aquaculture will ensure that the process is environmentally sustainable
Spruill, 11 --- President and CEO of Ocean Conservancy (March 2011, Vikki, “RIGHT FROM THE START: OPEN-OCEAN AQUACULTURE IN THE UNITED STATES,” http://www.aces.edu/dept/fisheries/education/documents/Open_Ocean_Aquculture_Right_from_the_Start_bytheOceanConservancyorganization.pdf, JMP) In a world with a rapidly growing population and tragically overfished seas, we have AND is our chance to get open-ocean aquaculture right from the start.