Sarthak+&+Jacob

=** Affirmative **= toc

Contention 1 is Relations
Today, as we put cursor-to-screen...“regime change” solution for Cuba.
 * The U.S. is trying to rebuild US-Latin American relations but the U.S. focus on Cuban regime change prevents genuine improvement**
 * CDA, 13** - Center for Democracy in the Americas (“News Flash? Has the Administration rediscovered Latin America?” 6/7, [])

FOR most of our history, the United States......would be reduced to a historical footnote.
 * The plan sends a clear signal to improve Latin American relations and reinvigorate the OAS**
 * White, 13**-Senior fellow at the Center for International Policy and former U.S. ambassador to Paraguay and El Salvador (Robert, “After Chávez, a Chance to Rethink Relations With Cuba”, New York Times, 3/7/13, []

The democratic outlook in the Americas is on balance.....would be an important first step.
 * Stronger regionalism is vital to effective democracy promotion**
 * Inter-American Dialogue 12 -** the Inter-American Dialogue is the leading US center for policy analysis, exchange, and communication on issues in Western Hemisphere affairs(“Remaking the Relationship The United States and Latin America”, April 2012, http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD2012PolicyReportFINAL.pdf)

Hillman, 2 – Ph.D., Professor and Director, Institute for the Study of Democracy and Human Rights, St. John Fisher College (Richard S., Democracy and Human Rights in Latin America, Preface, p. vii) //SP// Latin American experiences, especially in......lexicon and discourse throughout the world.
 * Latin American democracy key to global democracy**

//**Democracy prevents extinction**// //**Diamond 1995** - Hoover Institute Senior Fellow (Larry, “Promoting Democracy in the 1990s,” http://wwics.si.edu/subsites/ccpdc/pubs/di/fr.htm)// This hardly exhausts the lists of threats to our security.....international security and prosperity can bebuilt.

//**Current Cuba policy wrecks OAS credibility – regional coalitions overtake it**// // Reuters 12 (Brian Ellsworth, “Despite Obama charm, Americas summit boosts U.S. isolation,” 4/16/12, http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/04/16/us-americas-summit-obama-idUSBRE83F0UD20120416)//SJF (Reuters) - President Barack Obama sat patiently through........Thale, program director at the Washington Office on Latin America

Caribbean News Now 6/25 (“OAS launches cyber security crisis management exercise,” 6/25/13, http://www.caribbeannewsnow.com/headline-OAS-launches-cyber-security-crisis-management-exercise-16500.html)//SJF// WASHINGTON, USA -- The assistant secretary general of the Organization........among others. The event will conclude on Tuesday.
 * Cyber-attack coming in the Western Hemisphere – OAS legitimacy is key to coordination**

//**Cyberattacks cause extinction**// // Andreasen 6/14 – national security consultant to the Nuclear Threat Initiative and its Nuclear Security Project (Steve, “Cyberwar’s Threat Does Not Justify a New Policy of Nuclear Deterrence,” 6/14/13, http://www.nti.org/analysis/opinions/cyberwars-threat-does-not-justify-new-policy-nuclear-deterrence/)//SJF President Obama is expected to unveil a new.........cybersecurity, including agreements related to limiting cyberwar.


 * Thus the plan, The United States Federal Government should substantially ease its economic blockade on Cuba. We claim the right to fiat and to clarify.**

Contention 2 is Agriculture
The U.S. agricultural system is becoming increasingly......climate conditions and will help to ensure food security.
 * The collapse of global agriculture is inevitable – a multitude of reasons mean a new ag model is key to sustainability**
 * Peters, 10 –** LL.M. expected 2011, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010, University of Oregon School of Law (Kathryn, “Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution” J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION [Vol. 25, 203, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf)

While urban agriculture was a response to a dramatic crisis.......without negatively impacting the environment or society.
 * Cuba’s model of urban agriculture is a sustainable alternative**
 * Peters, 10 –** LL.M. expected 2011, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010, University of Oregon School of Law (Kathryn, “Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution” J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION [Vol. 25, 203, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf)

VI. New Opportunities While investment in Cuban businesses......needed to allow for urban agriculture to flourish.
 * The plan jumpstarts US investment in Cuban organoponics – causing a widespread global urban agricultural revolution**
 * Shkolnick, 12** - J.D. Candidate, Drake University Law School (Jacob, “SIN EMBARGO: n1 THE CUBAN AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND WHAT IT MEANS FOR THE UNITED STATES” 17 Drake J. Agric. L. 683, Fall, lexis)

An adequate food supply is essential for the survival.....populations in urban areas with access to an adequate supply of fresh, nutritious food.
 * This prevents the collapse of US agriculture and extinction**
 * Peters, 10 –** LL.M. expected 2011, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010, University of Oregon School of Law (Kathryn, “Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution” J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION [Vol. 25, 203, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf)

[]) In addition to the above European markets, the successful......other production approaches are just not available.
 * Access to the US export market is key to the viability of the Cuban model**
 * Kost, 4** – agricultural economist, Specialty Crops Branch, Economic Research. Service, US Department of Agriculture (William, “CUBAN AGRICULTURE: TO BE OR NOT TO BE ORGANIC?”

In order to be capable of sustaining itself...... and other countries will likely ensue.158
 * Industrial ag dependence encourages bioterrorism, attacks on oil supply, and resource wars**
 * Peters, 10 –** LL.M. expected 2011, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010, University of Oregon School of Law (Kathryn, “Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution” J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION [Vol. 25, 203, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf)

Creating a new market for U.S. goods and......increase the ease and volume of ethanol production.
 * The plan boosts the Cuban sugar ethanol industry which will displace U.S. corn ethanol**
 * Holmes, 10–** B.A. from Georgetown, Master’s Thesis (Michael G., June 21, 2010, “Seizing the Moment”, [], pg. 74-78)//NG//

//**The plan’s reform plank spurs greater investment in Cuban sugar ethanol**// //**Soligo & Jaffe, 10–** Rice Scholar at the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy, Rice University AND Wallace S. Wilson Fellow in Energy Studies at Rice University (Ronald AND Amy Myers, __Cuba's Energy Future Strategic Approaches to Cooperation,__ p. )//NG The Structure of an Ethanol Industry If Cuba......and could lead to income inequalities.

In addition to habitat destruction, water......the domestic corn-based ethanol industry.
 * High corn ethanol demand will deplete the Ogallala Aquifer**
 * Specht, 13** ** – ** Legal Advisor, Pearlmaker Holsteins, Inc., B.A., LSU (Jonathan, “Raising Cane: Cuban Sugarcane Ethanol’s Economic and Environmental Effects on the United States”, UC Davis, 4-24-13, [] )//NG//

//**Threatens peak water which leads to food shortage and water wars**// //**Brown ’13** - president of the Earth Policy Institute and author of Full Planet, Empty Plates: The New Geopolitics of Food Scarcity (Lester, “'The real threat to our future is peak water'”, the guardian, July 10 2013, http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/2013/jul/06/water-supplies-shrinking-threat-to-food) //CW In the US, farmers are over-pumping.......shrinking share of that shrinking supply.

Water is one of the prime essentials for life......which there will be no obvious answer.
 * Water wars cause global nuclear conflict**
 * NASCA 2006** – the National Association for Scientific & Cultural Appreciation (“Water Shortages – Only A Matter Of Time.” http://www.nasca.org.uk/Strange_relics_/water/water.html)

Perhaps the most devastating analysis of the......desertification and, eventually, "global collapse
 * Collapsing global water supply causes extinction**
 * Marlow, 01** – National Chairperson of the Council of Canadians and IFG Committee on the Globalization of Water. (Maude, “BLUE GOLD: The Global Water Crisis and the Commodification of the World's Water Supply,” http://www.ratical.org/co-globalize/BlueGold.pdf.

Economists argue we need not be concerned.....sustainability of its food and farming systems.
 * Food insecurity due to shortage will redraw the geopolitical map and cause a huge wave of food wars**
 * Ikerd 2002** – Professor Emeritus of Agricultural Economics @ University of Missouri (John E. Ikerd, “Small Farms: The Foundation for Long-Run Food Security,” Presented at “A Time to Act: Providing Educators with Resources to Address Small Farm Issues,” sponsored by University of Illinois, Agroecology/Sustainable Agriculture Program, Effingham and Peoria, IL, Nov. 13-14, 2002, pg. http://web.missouri.edu/ikerdj/papers/IllSmall.html)

By boosting the price of corn relative to.....and thus to the domestic ethanol industry.
 * It also causes fertilizer runoff and dead zones **
 * Specht, 13** ** – ** Legal Advisor, Pearlmaker Holsteins, Inc., B.A., LSU (Jonathan, “Raising Cane: Cuban Sugarcane Ethanol’s Economic and Environmental Effects on the United States”, UC Davis, 4-24-13, [] )//NG//

//**Dead zones wreck marine life**// //**Lochhead ’10** - writer for the Chronicle Washington Bureau (Carolyn, “Dead zone in gulf linked to ethanol production”, SF Gate, July 6 2010, []) //CW While the BP oil spill has been labeled the worst......the gulf if ethanol production is increased.

The ocean plays a critical role in sustaining.....we're heading if species extinction continues at its current pace.
 * All life depends on healthy oceans.**
 * NOAA 1998** (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1998 Year of the Ocean Report, http://www.yoto98.noaa.gov/yoto/meeting/mar_env_316.html)

In many ways, oceans are the......we're heading if species extinction continues at its current pace.
 * Normal resilience claims don’t apply here, life is impossible without healthy oceans.**
 * Coyne and Hoekstra 2007 –** *professor in the Department of Ecology and Evolution at the University of Chicago AND **Associate Professor in the Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University (Jerry and Hopi, The New Republic, “The Greatest Dying,” 9/24, http://www.truthout.org/article/jerry-coyne-and-hopi-e-hoekstra-the-greatest-dying)**

King 12- Visiting Assistant Professor at Brown University’s Center for Environmental Studies (M. Dawn, “Cuban Sustainability: The Effects of Economic Isolation on Agriculture and Energy” per Presentation for the Western Political Science Association Portland, OR, March 21-24, 2012, http://wpsa.research.pdx.edu/meet/2012/kingmdawn.pdf)//HA ABSTRACT: Cuba is well-known for its alternative......fuel use – weakening Cuba’s sustainability.
 * The embargo hurts Cuba’s sustainable agriculture model and prevent them from shifting to renewable energy**

Suchlicki 3/4 (Jamie Suchlicki, the Emilio Bacardi Moreau Distinguished Professor and Director, Institute for Cuban and Cuban-American Studies at the University of Miami. He is the author of Cuba: From Columbus to Castro, Mexico: From Montezuma to NAFTA and Breve Historia de Cuba., 3/4/13, “Why Cuba Will Still Be Anti-American After Castro” [] JG) Raul is unwilling to renounce the support...... agreement between the United States and Cuba. = Negative =
 * Unconditional engagement key to solve**

Past 2NR's
Geography K Neolib K Syria Dip Cap DA Rice DA Case D Case Turns CIR DA

Round 1: Hybrid 23 Pastor/Wells
2NR: Neolib K

Round 4: HJPP Chapkis/ Neme-micula 2NR: Geography K

Round 5: AS Trufanov/Liu 2NR: Politics, States CP, Case