Colesy+&+Alex+K

Past 2nrs:
Iran Politics, Psycho, Framework, Security, cyber deterrence da, dedev

US-Mexico border enforcement drives immigrants to smugglers---this generates significant profit for violent cartels
Nowraseteh 14 – MS @ London School of Economics, immigration policy analyst at the Cato Institute’s Center for Global Liberty and Prosperity (Alex, “Immigration Enforcement Aids Smugglers – Unaccompanied Children Edition,” http://www.cato.org/blog/immigration-enforcement-aids-smugglers-unaccompanied-children-edition)//BB// // The //increase of human smugglers// transporting unauthorized immigrants to the United States is likely a AND demand for smuggling is the result of larger and more effective border enforcement.

Limiting smuggling revenue solves cartel violence
Martin 11 – Technical Analyst @ Stratfor (Colby, “Re: FORCOMMENT- Cartels and Human Smuggling/Trafficking,” published on wikileaks, https://wikileaks.org/gifiles/docs/49/4971351_re-forcomment-cartels-and-human-smuggling-trafficking-.html)//BB The cartel war currently underway in Mexico has forced Mexican cartels ∂ to look for AND , cartels will be willing to take them, for a ∂ price.

Our claims are true- specifically, cartel smuggling leads to a __litany__ of human rights abuses
Davila 6/16 [Ana, The Huffington Post, Drug Cartels: Where Human Trafficking and Human Smuggling Meet Today. [online] Available at: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ana-davila/drug-cartels-where-human-trafficking-and-human-smuggling-meet-today_b_7588408.html [Accessed 27 Jun. 2015]. The busy streets in the border state of Coahuila, Mexico are not what they AND . In this scenario, undocumented Central American immigrants become increasingly vulnerable targets.

Independently, US border surveillance causes __cartel competition__ over trafficking routes---the impact is escalating violence
Barry 11 – Senior Policy Analyst @ CIP, authored or co-authored more than twenty books on Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, food aid, the United Nations, free trade and U.S. foreign policy (Tom, “Policy on the Edge: Failures of Border Security and New Directions for Border Control,” Center for Int’l Policy, http://www.ciponline.org/research/html/failures-of-border-security-and-new-directions-for-border-control)//BB The exact correlation and configuration of forces responsible for the drug-related and organized AND organizations and gangs as they both struggle to maintain markets and trafficking corridors.

Cartel violence causes Mexican collapse and US military response
Metz 14 - Defense Analyst and author of "Iraq and the Evolution of American Strategy" (Stephen, “Strategic Horizons: All Options Bad If Mexico's Drug Violence Expands to U.S.,” February 19, [|www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/13576/strategic-horizons-all-options-bad-if-mexico-s-drug-violence-expands-to-u-s] ) Over the past few decades, violence in Mexico has reached horrific levels, claiming AND the world. Quite simply, every available strategic option would be disastrous.

That undermines US power projection
Haddick 10 – Managing Editor of the Small Wars Journal (Robert, This Week at War: If Mexico Is at War, Does America Have to Win It?, Sept 10, [] ) While answering a question on Mexico this week at the Council on Foreign Relations, AND recently learned about insurgencies to stop this one from getting out of control.

Heg prevents great-power war
Keck 14 – the Assistant Editor at The Diplomat, a researcher at the Middle East Desk at Wikistrat, and an M.A. candidate in the Department of Public and International Affairs at George Mason University. Former Deputy Editor at e-International Relations; a foreign policy reporter at the Washington, D.C. edition of Examiner.com, a Joseph S. Nye, Jr. National Security Research Intern at the Center for a New American Security, a Research Assistant at the Center for Research, Regional Education and Outreach, (Zach, “America’s Relative Decline: Should We Panic? The end of the unipolar era will create new dangers that the world mustn’t overlook,” 1-24-14, [] ) Still, China’s relative rise and the United States’ relative decline carries significant risks, AND powers, this will only further dampen the prospects for effective global governance.

Decline ensures lash out – precludes resolution to collective action problems
Beckley 12 [“The Unipolar Era: Why American Power Persists and China’s Rise Is Limited”, Assistant Professor of Political Science at Tufts University and a U.S. Foreign Policy and International Security fellow at Dartmouth's Dickey, p. online] One danger is that declinism could prompt //trade conflicts// and immigration restrictions. The results AND abroad casts doubt on the wisdom of such calls for radical policy change.

====Data on levels of violence and economic integration aren’t predictive of future threats. Current stability only exists because of American hegemony – and that requires constant maintenance against future disorder==== Steven Pinker, author of a chaotic book titled The Better Angels of Our Nature AND our allies in critical areas of the world, including Japan and Israel.
 * Hoffman 13** [Frank, Senior Research Fellow in the Center for Strategic Research, at the National Defense University, “PLATO WAS DEAD WRONG: EMBRACING OUR BETTER ANGELS?” 8/20]

Hezbollah and drug cartels currently cooperating to attack the US
Costine 14 Kenneth Costine is an analyst within with in the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, and assists in the development and validation of reporting requirements and information gathering strategies, August 2014, “Hezbollah and the Mexican Connection”, http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kenneth_Costine/publication/268226249_Hezzbollah_and_the_Mexican_Connection/links/5466e1b20cf2397f7829e6fa.pdf “ In Mexico, Hezbollah’s operations include drug and human trafficking and providing explosives and AND operatives and cocaine smugglers throughout the hemisphere and right up to our border”

Successful Hezbollah attack in United States ends in nuclear annihilation, economic downturn, and chaos
Farah ‘11 [Douglas. Senior Fellow at the Intl Assessment and Strategy Center. President of IBI Consultants. “Hezbollah in Latin America: Implications for US Security” //Testimony of Douglas Farah before the US House of Representatives Committee on Homeland Security.// July 2011. ln] In ¶ order ¶ to ¶ understand ¶ the ¶ threat ¶ Hezbollah ¶ poses AND U.S. ¶ lives, ¶ including ¶ possibly ¶ //terrorist//// ¶ attacks//.

Border surveillance creates __perceived danger__ for migrants---that promotes permanent residence in the US
Dowler 13 – PhD in Anthropology @ Boston U (Calynn, “DIVIDING THE SKY: THE FORTIFICATION OF THE U.S.-MEXICO BORDER,” The Migrationist, http://themigrationist.net/2013/05/24/dividing-the-sky-the-fortification-of-the-u-s-mexico-border/)//BB A Brief Overview of U.S. Border Fortification In 1993, the AND combined, its total spending estimated at over $18 billion a year.

__Permanent__ migration collapses wages---the plan eliminates the dual labor market and causes a __resource shift__ to enforcement of labor laws
Johnson 3 – JD @ Harvard, Associate Dean for Academic Affairs, University of California at Davis, Professor of Law and Chicana/o Studies; Director, Chicana/o Studies Program (Kevin, “LAW AND THE BORDER: Open Borders?,” 51 UCLA L. Rev. 193, Lexis)//BB Moreover, beyond its dubious morality, the use of law to assist in the AND on account of immigration status, open borders would further national labor policy.

Wage depression collapses the US economy
Stilwell 15 – Reporter @ Bloomberg Business (Victoria, “Wages Haven’t Been This Crucial to U.S. Economy in Half Century,” http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-03-20/wages-haven-t-been-this-crucial-to-u-s-economy-in-half-century)//BB When it comes to U.S. economic growth, wages may never have AND reached a peak of $99 billion in the second quarter of 2006.

The multiplier effect is significant
da Costa 15 – MA in IR @ UC-San Diego, Federal Reserve and Economics Reporter at The Wall Street Journal (Pedro, “How Higher Wages Can Be Boon Rather Than Cost to Business,” http://blogs.wsj.com/economics/2015/01/13/how-higher-wages-can-be-boon-rather-than-cost-to-business/)//BB Better-paid workers are healthier and more productive. ∂ That’s among the findings of AND 7% in December from a year earlier, barely ahead of inflation.

US economic decline goes global, wage growth is key and BRIC countries can’t fill in
Miller 15 – Bloomberg reporter (Rich, “U.S. Retakes the Helm of the Global Economy,” Bloomberg, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-01-09/u-s-retakes-the-helm-of-the-global-economy)//BB// // The U.S. is back in the //driver’s seat// of the global economy AND a Bloomberg View columnist and former chairman of Goldman Sachs Asset Management International.

Economic decline causes __nuclear war__
Kemp 10 – Director of Regional Strategic Programs at The Nixon Center, served in the White House under Ronald Reagan, special assistant to the president for national security affairs and senior director for Near East and South Asian affairs on the National Security Council Staff, Former Director, Middle East Arms Control Project at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (Geoffrey, “The East Moves West: India, China, and Asia’s Growing Presence in the Middle East,” p. 233-4)//BB The second scenario, called Mayhem and Chaos, is the opposite of the first AND expected, with dire consequences for two-thirds of the planet’s population.

Robust __studies prove__
Royal 10 – Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the US Department of Defense (Jedidiah, “Economic Integration, Economic Signalling and the Problem of Economic Crises”, chapter in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215)//BB First, on the systemic level, Pollins (2008) advances Modelski and Thompson’s AND popularity, are statistically linked to an increase in the use of force.

Border surveillance is increasing---it’s the __heart__ of immigration enforcement
Kalhan 14 – Associate Professor of Law, Drexel University. A.B., Brown University; M.P.P.M., Yale School of Management; J.D., Yale Law School (Anil, “IMMIGRATION SURVEILLANCE,” 74 Md. L. Rev. 1)//BB B. Immigration Enforcement as Immigration Surveillance These four sets of migration and mobility AND immigration reform proposals in Congress would significantly build upon these recent expansions. 168

====Immigration surveillance is an __outright failure__ at deterring entry---but it does __shape__ migration patterns---this sustains __cartel revenue__ and creates a dual labor market that __depresses US wages__==== Hinojosa-Ojeda 13 – ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, CHICANA AND CHICANO STUDIES (Raul, “THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF IMMIGRATION ENFORCEMENT,” Baker Institute)//BB The Unintended Consequences of Border Enforcement While enforcement-only border policies have not AND as well, in order to benefit from the same cost savings .16

Opening the borders solves
Laufer 4 – Ph.D. in Cultural Studies from Leeds Metropolitan University Faculty of Arts and Society in England, Professor @ Oregon (Peter, “Wetback nation: The case for opening the Mexican-American border,” p. xv-xix)//BB I have traveled the artificial line between our two countries with Border Patrol officers, AND sane and humane solutions to the problems and conflicts plaguing our two countries.

The plan doesn’t link to terrorism or circumvention
Barry 11 – Senior Policy Analyst @ CIP, authored or co-authored more than twenty books on Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, food aid, the United Nations, free trade and U.S. foreign policy (Tom, “Policy on the Edge: Failures of Border Security and New Directions for Border Control,” Center for Int’l Policy, http://www.ciponline.org/research/html/failures-of-border-security-and-new-directions-for-border-control)//BB MUDDLING OF IMMIGRANTS AND TERRORISTS In his book The Closing of the American Border AND also avoid the harsh conditions and the pervasive crime of the southwestern border.

It’s __exclusively__ federal
Wichnie 1 - Assistant Professor of Clinical Law, New York University. B.A., 1987, J.D., 1993, Yale University (Michael, “LABORATORIES OF BIGOTRY? DEVOLUTION OF THE IMMIGRATION POWER, EQUAL PROTECTION, AND FEDERALISM,” 76 N.Y.U.L. Rev. 493)//BB// //A. Judicial Statements on the// Exclusivity of //the// Federal Immigration Power// Since it AND Canas, and since, the Court repeated this assertion many times. 199

Securitization of the border boosts cartel profits, increases volume of illegal immigration, and boost volume of drug trafficking
Slack 15 Slack, Jeremy M. Jeremy Slack is a PhD candidate at the University of Arizona in their School of Geography and Development. "Drugs and Deportation on the Border: Post-Deportation Geographies of Enforcement and Conflict." (2015). Pages 98-100 https://arizona.openrepository.com/arizona/bitstream/10150/556876/1/azu_etd_13923_sip1_m.pdf With the adoption of this plan, and the so-called post–gatekeeper AND of how people cooperate, drug trafficking has an impact on migrants’ lives.

Even __complete__ enforcement fails
Cornelius 6 – Distinguished Professor of Political Science, Gildred Chair in US-Mexican Relations, and Director of the Center for Comparative Immigration Studies at University of California, San Diego. He is the author, co-author, or editor of more than 240 publications dealing with the political economy of immigration and immigration policy in advanced industrial nations, Mexican politics, and U.S.-Mexican relations (Wayne, “Impacts of Border Enforcement on Unauthorized Mexican Migration to the United States,” http://borderbattles.ssrc.org/Cornelius/index.html)//BB Additional investment of taxpayer dollars in a border enforcement -centered strategy of immigration control AND more have landed on the coasts of Italy, Malta, and Greece.