Emily+and+John 

past 2nrs: vs nsa (not fcc): t- us persons, t- us borders vs embassies: foucault vs borders: cuba politics da vs fcc: t- curtail means reduce, foucault vs zero days: cuba politics da

1AC Cites-FCC

Legal prohibitions bar NSA domestic surveillance – but the lack of a __credible oversight mechanism__ means the NSA actively captures US person data through section 702 and XO 12333
The NSA, originally formed to monitor outside threats to the security of the United AND opinion shows that Americans are dissatisfied with the reach of government surveillance.29
 * Healey, 14** - J.D. Candidate, The George Washington University Law School (Audra, “A Tale of Two Agencies: Exploring Oversight of the National Security Administration by the Federal Communications Commission”, FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS LAW JOURNAL Vol. 67, December)

Existing oversight mechanisms guarantee NSA circumvention of prohibitions on domestic surveillance – that creates a __confidence crisis__ in the future of the internet
III. OVERSIGHT IS NEEDED, AND THE FCC SHOULD PROVIDE IT A. AND all preventive executive, legislative, and internal controls have not been effective.
 * Healey, 14** - J.D. Candidate, The George Washington University Law School (Audra, “A Tale of Two Agencies: Exploring Oversight of the National Security Administration by the Federal Communications Commission”, FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS LAW JOURNAL Vol. 67, December)

The perception of surveillance overreach wrecks the US internet freedom agenda
The effects of the NSA disclosures on the Internet Freedom agenda //go beyond the realm// //AND// overall decline in U.S. soft power on free expression issues.
 * Kehl, 14** – Policy Analyst at New America’s Open Technology Institute (Danielle, “Surveillance Costs: The NSA’s Impact on the Economy, Internet Freedom & Cybersecurity” July, []

====The US needs to draw a __sharp distinction__ between domestic and national security surveillance to make the US Internet Freedom agenda credible – otherwise __global internet fragmentation__ will result==== The 2013 revelations of mass surveillance by the U.S. government transformed the AND that EU officials said stemmed directly from worries after the Snowden disclosures.32
 * Fontaine, 14** – President of the Center for a New American Security; was foreign policy advisor to Senator John McCain for more than five years; Worked at the State Department, the National Security Council and the Senate Foreign Relations Committee; was associate director for near Eastern affairs at the National Security Council; B.A. in International Relations from Tulan University (Richard, “Bringing Liberty Online; Reenergizing the Internet Freedom Agenda in a Post-Snowden Era”, Center for a New American Security, September 18, 2014, [|http://www.cnas.org/sites/default/files/publications-pdf/CNAS_BringingLibertyOnline_Fontaine.pdf)//TT]

Data localization will end internet freedom and cause global democratic rollbacks
Free Expression and Internet Freedoms Are Not Well Served Most troubling of all the AND localization – namely, security for communications and economic development – are illusory.
 * Hill, 14** – Internet Policy at U.S. Department of Commerce (Jonah, “The Growth of Data Localization Post-Snowden: Analysis and Recommendations for U.S. Policymakers and Business Leaders”, The Hague Institute for Global Justice, Conference on the Future of Cyber Governance, 2014, May 1, 2014, SSRN)//TT

Democracy as spread by the global internet is vital to the emergence of global publics – that’s the key to solving all existential impacts
Communicative abundance enables one other trend that is of //life-and-death importance// //AND// to those whose lives it currently shapes and reshapes, secures or wrecks.
 * Keane, 11** – Professor of Politics at the University of Sydney (John, “Democracy in the Age of Google, Facebook and WikiLeaks” [])

A free internet is vital to combating every existential threat
Many great civilisations have fallen, leaving nothing but cracked ruins and scattered genetics. AND to suggest that the net may just be the technology that saves us.
 * Eagleman, 10** - American neuroscientist and writer at Baylor College of Medicine, where he directs the Laboratory for Perception and Action and the Initiative on Neuroscience and Law (David, “Six ways the internet will save civilization” Wired, 9/10, []

Data localization will destroy global economic growth
C. Economic Development Many governments believe that by forcing companies to localize data AND aggregating data across borders. We discuss the impacts on these trends below.
 * Chandler and Le, 15** - * Director, California International Law Center, Professor of Law and Martin Luther King, Jr. Hall Research Scholar, University of California, Davis; A.B., Harvard College; J.D., Yale Law School AND **Free Speech and Technology Fellow, California International Law Center; A.B., Yale College; J.D., University of California, Davis School of Law (Anupam and Uyen, “DATA NATIONALISM” 64 Emory L.J. 677, lexis)

Data localization stifles innovation – wrecks manufacturing and the global economy
Data localization (most especially, as a ban on foreign firms operating local servers AND  discoveries and for new solutions to some of the world’s most pressing problems.
 * Hill 14*** Technology policy consultant at Monitor 360, fellow of the Global Governance Futures 2025 program at the Brookings Institution (Jonah, “THE GROWTH OF DATA LOCALIZATION POST-SNOWDEN: ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR U.S. POLICYMAKERS AND BUSINESS LEADERS” p.27)//GK

Economic decline causes war and miscalculation
Royal 10 — Jedidiah Royal, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, M.Phil. Candidate at the University of New South Wales, 2010 (“Economic Integration, Economic Signalling and the Problem of Economic Crises,” //Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives//, Edited by Ben Goldsmith and Jurgen Brauer, Published by Emerald Group Publishing, ISBN 0857240048, p. 213-215) Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict AND such, the view presented here should be considered ancillary to those views.

NSA surveillance is __crushing__ U.S. cloud-computing – __decks competitiveness__ and spills over to the __entire tech sector__
Donohue 15 – Professor of Law, Georgetown Law and Director, Center on National Security and the Law, Georgetown Law (Lauren, HIGH TECHNOLOGY, CONSUMER PRIVACY, AND U.S. NATIONAL SECURITY, Symposium Articles, 4 Am. U. Bus. L. Rev. 11 p.15-18, 2015, Hein Online)//JJ I. ECONOMIC IMPACT OF NSA PROGRAMS The NSA programs, and public awareness AND __by U.S. firms, gaining market share in the process.__

The best and newest research confirms the link
// This study is the first to provide //substantial empirical documentation// of a chilling effect, AND potential for effects of government surveillance practices on commercial outcomes and international competitiveness.
 * Marthews and Tucker, 15 **– * National Chair at Restore the Fourth AND **PhD in economics and professor of Marketing at MIT (Alex and Catherine, “Government Surveillance and Internet Search Behavior”, 29 April 2015, [[file:///C:\Users\17GGonzalez\Downloads\SSRN-id2412564%20(2).pdf)\gg|file:///C:/Users/17GGonzalez/Downloads/SSRN-id2412564%20(2).pdf)//]]gg//

No alt causes-NSA surveillance is the most important cause
High technology is a vital part of the U.S. economy. It AND of taking account of the impact of new initiatives on the United States.
 * Donohue, 14 **- Professor of Law, Georgetown University Law Center (Laura, “HIGH TECHNOLOGY, CONSUMER PRIVACY, AND U.S. NATIONAL SECURITY”, Georgetown University Law Center, 17 September 2014, []

That undermines US global technological leadership
CONCLUSION When historians write about this period in U.S. history it AND . government enable its tech industry to effectively compete in the global market.
 * Castro and McQuinn 15 **, Daniel Castro works at the Center for Data Innovation, Government Technology, The Information Technology & Innovation Foundation, worked at the U.S. Government Accountability Office, went to Carnegie Mellon. Alan McQuinn works at the Federal Communications Commission, previously had the Bill Archer Fellowship at the University of Texas, (June 2015, “Beyond the USA Freedom Act: How U.S. Surveillance Still Subverts U.S. Competitiveness”, [[file:///C:\Users\Mark\Downloads\2015-beyond-usa-freedom-act.pdf)\AK|file:///C:/Users/Mark/Downloads/2015-beyond-usa-freedom-act.pdf)//AK]]

Tech leadership is the __primary driver of hegemony__ –
Weiss 14 – Fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia, Professor Emeritus in Government and International Relations at the University of Sydney, Honorary Professor of Political Science at Aarhus University. (Linda, America Inc.?: Innovation and Enterprise in the National Security State, Cornell University Press, 4/1/14, p. 1-3)//JJ *NSS=National Security State So __what accounts for America’s transformative capacity__? AND primarily) a commercial matter—even when the NSS "goes commercial.

Hegemonic decline causes great power wars
(Yuhan, “America’s decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry”, 1-22, [], ldg) This does not necessarily mean that the US is in systemic decline, but it AND forecast in a future that will inevitably be devoid of unrivalled US primacy.
 * Zhang et al., Carnegie Endowment researcher, 2011 **

Cloud computing is key to effective space situational awareness – prevents space debris collisions with satellites
Johnston et al 13 – Ph.D. with the Computational Engineering and Design Group (CED) at the University of Southampton, MEng degree in Software Engineering from the School of Electronics and Computer Science, Senior Research Fellow for the Faculty of Engineering and the Environment at University of Southampton (Steven, Neil O’Brien – Senior Technical Recruiter at Colloco Search, Hugh Lewis – Astronautics Research Group at the University of Southampton, PhD, Elizabeth Hart – School of Engineering Science at Southampton University, Adam White – School of Engineering Science at Southampton University, Simon Cox – professor of Computational Methods and Director of the Microsoft Institute for High Performance Computing, PhD, Clouds in Space: Scientific Computing using Windows Azure, Journal of Cloud Computing, 2013, http://www.journalofcloudcomputing.com/content/pdf/2192-113X-2-2.pdf)//JJ

Space situational awareness Within the last two decades, the downstream services pro AND -based architecture for space surveillance and tracking, algorithm development and comparison.

Asteroid strikes are __likely__ and cause __extinction__
" Asteroids are the only natural disaster we know how to prevent and protecting our AND  out any time because we just don't know enough about what's out there."
 * Casey, 6/30**/15 – environmental, scientific, and technological reporter for CBS News (Michael, “On Asteroid Day, raising awareness that Earth could get hit again”, CBS News, [], //11)

Plan
====Plan Text: The United States federal government should substantially curtail National Security Agency surveillance of the domestic communications infrastructure through Federal Communications Commission oversight.====

Contention 3 - solvency
====FCC oversight of the NSA curtails __bulk__ internet surveillance and enforces __targeted__ surveillance that excludes domestic users. FCC __technical expertise__ and __transparency__ prevent circumvention==== IV. HOW THE FCC SHOULD ADDRESS THE NSA SURVEILLANCE: IMPLEMENTING THE SOLUTION
 * Healey, 14** - J.D. Candidate, The George Washington University Law School (Audra, “A Tale of Two Agencies: Exploring Oversight of the National Security Administration by the Federal Communications Commission”, FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS LAW JOURNAL Vol. 67, December)

AND to the oversight of the NSA and Congress should pursue codifying this solution.

FCC __public visibility__, __expertise__ in communication tech, and __data analysis__ curb overreaching and boost __public__ and __industry__ __confidence__ in privacy protection
C. The FCC mission can be naturally expanded to protect privacy in relation to AND agency particularly well-suited to provide helpful insights to the FISA Court.
 * Healey, 14** - J.D. Candidate, The George Washington University Law School (Audra, “A Tale of Two Agencies: Exploring Oversight of the National Security Administration by the Federal Communications Commission”, FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS LAW JOURNAL Vol. 67, December)

FCC has the technical expertise to effectively curtail NSA internet surveillance
The NSA’s extensive surveillance of U.S. citizens was brought into the spotlight AND surveillance activities, laying out possible, practical solutions that Congress should provide.
 * Healey, 14** - J.D. Candidate, The George Washington University Law School (Audra, “A Tale of Two Agencies: Exploring Oversight of the National Security Administration by the Federal Communications Commission”, FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS LAW JOURNAL Vol. 67, December)

No corporate circumvention-government surveillance is uniquely worse
Heymann, 15 Schloss4 Why should we care particularly about government surveillance in a world where private surveillance on AND be used for any of these purposes or for noncriminal forms of regulation.

Hypothetical implementation of the 1AC cultivates the best ethical citizens—maximizes cost-benefit analysis
Eijkman 12 [Henk, visiting fellow at the University of New South Wales at the Australian Defence Force Academy and is Visiting Professor of Academic Development, Annasaheb Dange College of Engineering and Technology in India, has taught at various institutions in the social sciences and his work as an adult learning specialist has taken him to South Africa, Malaysia, Palestine, and India, “The role of simulations in the authentic learning for national security policy development: Implications for Practice,” http://nsc.anu.edu.au/test/documents/Sims_in_authentic_learning_report.pdf] However, whether as an approach to learning, innovation, persuasion or culture shift AND contains a detailed description, in table format, of the synopsis below.

The politics of the 1AC is the best way to formulate change
Condit 15 [Celeste, Distinguished Research Professor of Communication Studies at the University of Georgia, “Multi-Layered Trajectories for Academic Contributions to Social Change,” Feb 4, 2015, //Quarterly Journal of Speech//, Volume 101, Issue 1, 2015] Thus, when Žižek and others urge us to “Act” with violence to AND now include the //hard labor// to produce alternative visions that appear materially feasible.