Raj+&+Piekos

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= ***AFF*** - **Žižek **= = = = Advantage one is the Slums =

**We begin with the introduction to our affirmative from **
**Grengs ’04** – Associate Professor of Urban and Regional Planning at the University of Michigan ( Joe, CITY, VOL. 9, NO. 1, APRIL, “The abandoned social goals of public transit in the neoliberal city of the USA”, http://communitylearningpartnership.org/share/docs/Grengs.Abandoned_Social_Goals_of_Public_Transit.pdf//JC)

Imagine a bus stop in a typical working class neighbourhood of inner-city Los Angeles, a city with an extraordinary array of peoples and cultures. The bus pulls up with standing room only, filled with a variety of people: Mexican, Salvadoran, Korean, Filipino and African American; men and women going to jobs, some of them janitors, some street vendors. People on the bus include women clutching children and grocery bags, kids going to school, elderly folks off to the Senior Centre. The ride is like always: hot, noisy and desperately crowded. The riders come from decidedly different backgrounds, yet share the same experience daily—jostled against one another, staring blankly out cracked windows, minding their own business, intent on getting where they need to go. And getting it over with as quickly as possible. In another part of town, people of a different income class are riding in a new train. They come from the suburbs, clacking away at laptops and sipping cappuccino on their way to downtown jobs. These are people taking advantage of what Mike Davis (1995, p. 270) calls “the biggest public works project in fin de siecle America”, an ambitious series of commuter rail lines that were budgeted at $183 billion over 30 years (Sterngold, 1999). These train riders choose to leave their cars at home to avoid the maddening freeway jams of Los Angeles. Some ride the train on principle. Trains are, after all, better for the environment. Back on the inner-city bus … someone’s handing out leaflets and talking about forming a union—of bus riders? First in English then in Spanish, the organizer tells riders how the train that’s always in the newspapers is costing more than planners expected, and that politicians now propose to take money away from buses to keep building the train lines. Then the organizer talks about racial discrimination. Racial discrimination? What do buses have to do with racial discrimination? “Yeah, I never thought about that! Yeah, look at this bus. We’re all of color. Not the same race, but we’re all of color. We’re poor. We’re all waiting on the darn corner. We’re all going to a job in general that doesn’t pay us jack. And yeah, you have a good point.” (del Barco, 1997, p. 1)

====**The drive for capitalist gain has seen a shift in the goal of transit, from assisting those who can’t afford cars, to helping to promote white sprawl and segregate urban communities **====
 * Grengs ’04 **– Associate Professor of Urban and Regional Planning at the University of Michigan ( Joe, CITY, VOL. 9, NO. 1, APRIL, “The abandoned social goals of public transit in the neoliberal city of the USA”, http://communitylearningpartnership.org/share/docs/Grengs.Abandoned_Social_Goals_of_Public_Transit.pdf//JC)

Hidden behind the AND of mass transit.

**Capitalism is applying its stranglehold to public transportation, that worsens inequality, devalues lives and creates continuous war **

 * Grengs ’04 **– Associate Professor of Urban and Regional Planning at the University of Michigan ( Joe, CITY, VOL. 9, NO. 1, APRIL, “The abandoned social goals of public transit in the neoliberal city of the USA”, [|http://communitylearningpartnership.org/share/docs/Grengs.Abandoned_Social_Goals_of_Public_Transit.pdf//JC])

In an emerging world AND most on good transit.

**This creates slums, filled with an urban underclass – The system uses racism and classism to legitimize its failures **

 * Wilson 10 ** (Carter, professor of political science at the University of Toledo, The Dominant Class and the Construction of Racial Oppression: A Neo-Marxist/Gramscian Approach to Race in the United States, Google Scholars)

In the final analysis, AND __ of contemporary racism. __


 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">And, Capitalism builds transportation systems that promote consumerism, thus causing massive environmental catastrophe – We must advocate a mass expansion of public transit **
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Townsend Managing Editor 2008 **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> (Terry, managing editor, Individual Versus Social Solutions to Global Warming)

<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">We have to convince AND <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;"> incapable of doing **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">. **

====**<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">These excluding and homogenizing practices prevent coalition and organization of the masses and causes extinction – We must allow the spector of Communism to reemerge **====
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Zizek 09 **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">(Slavoj, Professor of Sociology at the Institute for Sociology, Ljubljana University, “Censorship Today: Violence, orEcology as a New Opium for the Masses” []//HH)jc

<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">Last but not least <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">, AND __<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">to deploy itself __<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">.

====**<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">The communism we speak of is not an ideal, but a movement that reacts to contradictions in the capitalist system – This vision of communism is thwarted by a perceived lack of revolutionary subject **====
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Žižek 09 **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">--Slavoj Žižek is a researcher at the institute for sociology at Ljubljana (New Left Review 57, May-June 2009, “How to Begin at the Beginning” http://www.newleftreview.org/II/57/slavoj-zizek-how-to-begin-from-the-beginning)JC

<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> So where are AND __<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;"> against all odds __<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">?

====**<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">Transportation infrastructure is the bastion of global capitalism’s abuses – it creates zones of inclusion and exclusion – Only by accepting the mantel of the revolutionary subject and the excluded can we engage in universalized antagonism where we can recapture value to life and stave off human extinction **====
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Žižek 09 **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">--Slavoj Žižek is a researcher at the institute for sociology at Ljubljana (New Left Review 57, May-June 2009, “How to Begin at the Beginning” []

<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">It is not enough AND __<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;"> to act preventively __<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">.

====**<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">We must engage the state as planners – Using a universalized particular demand to provide transportation for urban populations acts as a counter-methodology to that of neoliberal planning **====
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Grengs ’04 **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> – Associate Professor of Urban and Regional Planning at the University of Michigan ( Joe, CITY, VOL. 9, NO. 1, APRIL, “The abandoned social goals of public transit in the neoliberal city of the USA”, [|http://communitylearningpartnership.org/share/docs/Grengs.Abandoned_Social_Goals_of_Public_Transit.pdf//JC])

__<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">Federal policy ____<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;"> encourages local __<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;"> AND <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> meaningful citizen participation.

====**<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">Resisting capitalism’s reliance on economic evaluation is the ultimate ethical responsibility – the current social order guarantees social exclusion on a global scale **====
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"> Žižek and Daly, 04 **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">– *Slavoj Žižek is a researcher at the institute for sociology at Ljubljana and **Glyn Daly: Having taught at Essex and Manchester Universities, Glyn joined the Politics course team in 1999. Glyn is responsible for the Level 2 core module in International Studies, Global Imaginations: Ideas and Identities. He is also active in the area of Political Theory, and teaches and co-ordinates SOC1001 Introduction to Political Theory, SOC3006 Making of Modern Political Thought, and offers a specialist option on SOC3028 Ideology, Fantasy and Film in the final year. He has published a range of articles on Political Theory, Marxism and Post-Marxism and the Politics of Ideology and Fantasy and is currently writing a book on the work of the Slovenian philosopher Slavoj Zizek for Sage. Glyn has recently completed a training course for supervising PhD students.(“Risking the Impossible”, 2004, http://www.lacan.com/zizek-daly.htm)//MP

<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">For Zizek <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">it is imperative AND __<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;"> otherwise sound matrix. __

====**<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">The affirmative represents an ethical shift that embraces contingency in the face of certainty – This represents a dramatic shift from existing, unquestioned institutions **====
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Žižek and Daly 2004 **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> (Slavoj, professor of philosophy at the Institute for Sociology, Ljubljana, and Glyn, Senior Lecturer in Politics in the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences at University College, Northampton, Conversations with Zizek, page 18-19)//MP

<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">For Zizek, a AND to risk the impossible. =Advantage two is anthro=

=<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">Plan =


 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Thus we demand in the face of neoliberalism that: The United States federal government will increase mass transit for urban areas **

***NEG***
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