Mason+P+&+Royden

1. Plan: ====The United States federal government should implement exclusively subsection (a) of the Secure Data Act with the added provision that no agency may coerce or provide financial incentives to companies or organizations for implementing backdoors into encryption.====

2. 1AC:

**Attacks exploiting surveillance backdoors on critical infrastructure are imminent and inevitable – the plan is key to any effective defense**
**Blaze**, Comp Sci Prof @ Penn, **15** (Matthew Blaze, Ph. D in computer science and associate professor at UPenn, “ENCRYPTION TECHNOLOGY POLICY ISSUES”, 4/29/15, HTTP://congressional.proquest.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/congressional/docview/t39.d40.04292903.d94?accountid=14667)//EM I. ROBUST DIGITAL SECURITY TECHNOLOGIES ARE VITAL AND significant threat to our economy and national security.

**Skeptics are wrong – grid attacks in particular are empirical and increasing – success is inevitable**
**Gilmour**, researcher @ CSM, and Moniz, US Energy Secretary, **15** (Jared Gilmour, energy and politics researcher and staff writer, Christian Science Monitor, citing Ernest Moniz, U.S. Energy Secretary, “Climate change, cyberattacks are growing threats to grid, says US energy chief,” 4/27/15, http://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/Energy/2015/0427/Climate-change-cyberattacks-are-growing-threats-to-grid-says-US-energy-chief)RL US energy infrastructure is AND of people trying," Moniz said.

**Successful grid attacks cause retaliation and escalation to nuclear war**
**Tilford**, military affairs expert, **12** (Robert Tilford, military affairs expert, Private (ret.), U.S. Army, graduate of the U.S. Army Airborne School, studied ethics at Phoenix College, “Cyber attackers could shut down the electric grid for the entire east coast,” Wichita Military Affairs Examiner, 7-27-2012, [] )KMM To make matters worse AND if authorized by the President.

**Even absent retaliation, grid failure triggers nuclear meltdowns and extinction**
**Huff**, staff writer @ Natural News, **14** (Ethan A. Huff, staff writer and news analyst for Naturalnews.com and writer for AlignLife.com, Natural News is a credible news source reporting on natural events, “Nuclear power + grid down event = global extinction for humanity,” Natural News, August 12, 2014, http://www.naturalnews.com/046429_nuclear_power_electric_grid_global_extinction.html#)//chiragjain If you think the Fukushima situation is bad AND everywhere prone to meltdowns.

**US economy is in decline – Trade deficit at a 6½ year high**
**Harlan** **5/29** [Chico, covers economics for the Washington Post, Works for several other acclaimed magazines, “U.S. economy shrinks in first quarter, raising questions about underlying strength”, Washington Post, May 29, 2015, [], July 17, 2015] KL The U.S economy shrank AND according to government and credit card data.

**U.S. tech industry key to economy**
Washington, D.C., February 10, 2015 AND California, Texas, and New York
 * Grisham 15 **: Senior Manager Public Policy Communications – CompTIA, Stonewall Strategies; served as the Manager of U.S. Public Affairs at the Public Affairs Council and Communications Director for Congressman Mike Turner of Ohio; BA in Public Relations at University of South Carolina-Columbia: (“UNITED STATES TECH INDUSTRY EMPLOYS 6.5 MILLION IN 2014”, Preston Grisham, CompTIA, February 10, 2015, https://www.comptia.org/about-us/newsroom/press-releases/2015/02/10/united-states-tech-industry-employs-6.5-million-in-2014) //chiragjain

**Encryption backdoors directly risk financial attacks AND collapse the U.S. technology industry – plan is key to overall growth**
**Clark**, economic scholar, **14** (Thomas G. Clark, economics scholar, blogger on economics, politics, and philosophy, university level English tutor, former administrator in public and private industries, “How NSA overreach has done more damage to the US economy that Osama Bin Laden could ever have dreamed of”, Thomas G. Clark, Another Angry Voice Blog, http://anotherangryvoice.blogspot.com/2014/01/nsa-overreach-worse-than-terrorism.html)//chiragjain Ever since the Edward Snowden AND simply by telling the truth.

**Growth is vital to prevent multiple scenarios for conflict escalation and extinction**
**Haass**, President of CFR and former Director of Policy Planning @ State, **13** (Richard N. Haass, President of the Council on Foreign Relations, former director of policy planning for the Department of State and a principal adviser to Secretary of State Colin Powell, former US Ambassador and coordinator for policy toward Afghanistan, former vice president and director of foreign policy studies at the Brookings Institution, former lecturer in public policy at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government, and a research associate at the International Institute for Strategic Studies. A Rhodes scholar, Dr. Haass holds a BA from Oberlin College and Master and Doctor of Philosophy degrees from Oxford University. “The World Without America,” 4-30-2013, [])KMM Let me posit a radical idea: AND the planet's inhabitants.

**Economic decline leads to war - Robust __studies prove__**
**Royal** **10** – Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the US Department of Defense (Jedidiah, “Economic Integration, Economic Signalling and the Problem of Economic Crises”, chapter in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215)//BB First, on the systemic level, AND an increase in the use of force.

**Only the plan solves – vital to security and economy**
**McQuinn** **14** (Alan McQuinn, Research Assistant, Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, Former telecommunications fellow for Congresswoman Anna Eshoo, former Archer Fellow, University of Texas at Austin, interned for the Office of Legislative Affairs, Federal Communications Commission, B.S. Public Relations and Political Communications, University of Texas at Austin, “The Secure Data Act could help law enforcement protect against cybercrime,” The Hill, 12-19-2014, http://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/technology/227594-the-secure-data-act-could-help-law-enforcement-protect-against)ML Last Sunday, Sen. Ron Wyden AND the most secure devices imaginable.

**AND, it’s net better for law enforcement – consensus of experts and empirics**
Chairman Hurd, Ranking Member Kelly and Members a AND Thank you, and I welcome your questions on this important matter
 * Bankston 15 ** (Kevin S. Bankston, Policy Director of the Open Technology Institute and Co-Director of Cybersecurity Initiative, New America, Security Fellow with the Truman National Security Project, serves on the board of the First Amendment Coalition, former Senior Counsel and the Director of the Free Expression Project at the Center for Democracy & Technology, former nonresidential fellow with the Stanford Law School’s Center for Internet & Society, former Senior Staff Attorney and Equal Justice Works/Bruce J. Ennis First Amendment Fellow at Electronic Frontier Foundation, former Justice William Brennan First Amendment Fellow, litigated Internet-related free speech cases at the American Civil Liberties Union, J.D. University of Southern California Law School, B.A. University of Texas at Austin, statement before the U.S. House of Representatives, Subcommittee on Information Technology of the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, Hearing on “Encryption Technology and Possible U.S. Policy Responses,” 4-29-2015, [])KMM

Neg Strats: Terror DA Ptx DA T (depends on case) Foucault various CPs