Charley+&+Ahmed


 * AUVs **

Plan: The United States federal government should substantially increase its support of non-military autonomous underwater vehicles.
====Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) development is inevitable, but Congress has to act promptly to authorize, appropriate and coordinate a //comprehensive national program// for it to work—that spurs P3s which streamline production and overcome previous barriers==== FIND 14 – Federal information and news dispatch (FIND, “House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation Hearing”, federal press release, [|http://insurancenewsnet.com/oarticle/2014/02/07/house-transportation-and-infrastructure-subcommittee-on-coast-guard-and-maritime-a-457472.html#.U6xpufmICQo], HW) The AUV's evolution is taking place at an amazing rate of change. AND A new public-private partnership is the key to such success.
 * SOLVENCY CONTENTION **

Only U.S. federal investment can catalyze private sector tech and R&D development
Avery 13 —President and Director Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, June 11 2013 [Dr. Susan K., Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Published June 11 2013, []] JB Frontiers in the Ocean Jim Cameron is a visionary who is capable of AND U.S. ocean science research will have around the globe.

Federal support is the seed for commercial spillover and widespread deployment
Avery 14 — Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution President and Director, April 29 2014 [Susan K. Avery, April 29, 2014, “Driving Innovations through Federal Investments” United States Senate Committee on Appropriations Written Testimony, []] JB //Huge dividends from initial federal support// AND //the seed for innovation and continues to enlarge the realm of the possible.//

China REM monopoly prevents US high tech manufacturing and causes all future development to offshore – US action is key now to win the race and cause reshoring
Hannis 12 ( Eric, Senior fellow in defense studies at the American Foreign Policy Council, ,11-20-12, US News, “Are We Losing the Race for Rare Earths?”, []) The U nited S tates, like most of the industrialized world, is currently engaged AND allow them a way out of the China relocation trap.

====Rare Earth Minerals (REMs) depleting now and risks global economic collapse– AUVs accesses new supplies which are key for the aerospace industry and high tech manufacturing and allow us to beat out China==== Green 14 (Tom,, Senior Editor-in-Chief at Robotics Business Review, ,5-12-14, Robotics Business Review, “Deep Sea Dive for Rare Earth Elements”, http://www.roboticsbusinessreview.com/article/deep_sea_dive_for_rare_earth_elements) After a year of falling prices and depleting customer inventories AND tools built by technology partners like Soil Machine Dynamics.

ENVIRONMENT CONTENTION

Current ocean exploration is woefully inadequate in climate data collection—AUVs are the key first step
McNutt 13 —Marcia, Executive Chair of Oceans 2020, a group of more than 110 ocean explorers gathered at the Aquarium of the Pacific in Long Beach, California, “Accelerating Ocean Exploration” SCIENCE 341:937 (30 August 2013). Reprinted with permission from AAAS in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, “The Report of Ocean Exploration Exploration 2020; A National Program,” July, []. Page 13-14 //BR Last month, a distinguished group of ocean researcher AND a useful informational baseline for future decisions.

Specifically, AUVs are key to cold vent monitoring
Furlong 13 – Masters student, University of Victoria (Jonathan, “Characteristic Morphology, Backscatter, and Sub-seafloor Structures of Cold-Vents on the Northern Cascadia Margin from High-Resolution Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Data” UMI Dissertations Publishing. ProQuest) In this chapter __I discuss visible surface features__ AND

__to be extended into the subsurface.__

And, methane seepage from cold vents trigger immediate climate tipping events that cause extinction
Furlong 13 – Masters student, University of Victoria (Jonathan, “Characteristic Morphology, Backscatter, and Sub-seafloor Structures of Cold-Vents on the Northern Cascadia Margin from High-Resolution Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Data” UMI Dissertations Publishing. ProQuest) __The co-deposition of organic carbon__ AND or sourced from the continent (Etiope et al., 2008).

Developing REM production outside of China is key to hybrid vehicles, clean and green tech, and energy efficient appliances
DirectorsTalk, leading gateway for business and investor communication, 14 (DirectorsTalk News Team, 7-6-14, DirectorsTalk, “The rare earth metals market is in flux thanks to emerging markets and green technology”, []) The demand for heavy rare earth elements AND

demand for magnets which use rare earths.”

1. REM production solves warming à HVs, Wind renewables, and Catalytic convertors reduce Co2 Emissions and ozone
Butler, Commander of the 611th Air and Space Operations Center at Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Alaska and National Defense Fellow at The Fletcher School, 14 (Colonel Charles J. Butler, Winter 2014, Fletcher Forum Volume 38:1, “Rare Earth Elements: China’s Monopoly and Implications for U.S. National Security”, http://www.fletcherforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/38-1_Butler1.pdf) Many rare earth products and technologies AND

//contributing to a cleaner environment//.32

2. Electric vehicles key to solving warming à reduces transportation emissions even with traditional electricity sources
Kaplan, Frontier Group think tank, et al 10 (Siena, Brad Heavner, B.A. from the University of Michigan, Senior Policy Advisor for Environment America and State Director of Environment Maryland AND Rob Sargent, graduate of the University of Vermont, Energy Program Director for Environment America, June 2010, Environment Maryland, “Charging Ahead: Curbing Oil Consumption with Plug-in Cars”, []) Plug-in cars emit less global warming AND

less global warming pollution than a car fueled by gasoline.14

3. REMs are key to magnetic refrigeration – that solves warming
British Geological Survey 11 (National Environmental Research Council of the British Geological Survey, November 2011, “Rare Earth Elements”) Magnetic refrigeration is a new technology dependent on REE AND significant impact on REE demand (Gschneiderand Pecharsky, 2007).

And, catastrophic warming risks extinction
Mazo ‘10 – PhD in Paleoclimatology from UCLA(Jeffrey Mazo, Managing Editor, Survival and Research Fellow for Environmental Security and Science Policy at the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London, 3-2010, “Climate Conflict: How global warming threatens security and what to do about it,” pg. 122)//BB The best estimates for global warming to AND profound social, cultural and political changes.


 * SHARKS CONTENTION **

REMs key to repelling sharks
BBC News 12 (BBC News magazine, 5-8-12, “How rare earth metals and magnets repel sharks”, http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17992701) An American chemist says he has found AND

they had just caught off the Bahamas.

The Plan Solves - Autonomous underwater vehicles key to inexpensive detection of mineral deposits AND new technology means surveys can be done quickly and accurately
Wiltshire, ’10 [J. C.,, Specialist at Ocean and Resources Engineering,"MINERAL EXTRACTION, AUTHIGENIC MINERALS." //Marine Policy & Economics: A Derivative of the Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences//(2010): 274., Google Books, [|http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=dqzXwFsOFMcC&oi=fnd&pg=PA274&dq=(%22Rare+Earth+Elements%22+OR+%22rare+earth+minerals%22)+AND+(%22autonomous+underwater+vehicles%22+OR+%22Autonomous+Benthic+Explorer%22)&ots=PIzchVTPjs&sig=C1I_dhR2fdZIW6VUSsl3m8t-n44#v=onepage&q&f=false], pg 276] The first step in minerals development AND

the cost of a ship is not necessarily an impediment.

That’s key to the commercial fishing industry and prevents shark extinction
Conger, writer for Discovery News and HowStuffWorks, 8 (Cristen, 6-25-8, How Stuff Works, "Can wearing magnets really repel sharks?", http://animals.howstuffworks.com/fish/sharks/shark-magnet.htm) Yet, therein lies the problem. AND

the World Wildlife Fund's International Smart Gear Competition [source: WWF].

That causes total ecosystem collapse
Shah, degree in computer science and head writer for Global Issues, 14 (Anup, 1-19-14, Global Issues, “Loss of Biodiversity and Extinctions”, http://www.globalissues.org/article/171/loss-of-biodiversity-and-extinctions) An example of overfishing that has a ripple-effect AND

//evolved this balance through many millennia.//

====Multiple Studies prove sharks maintain Coral Reef populations – decline of even a few species causes total coral reef collapse and puts the global marine ecosystem at even greater danger to human-caused damage==== Scripps Institution of Oceanography 5 (Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego in collaboration with the Integrative Ecology Group of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas in Sevilla,Spain, 4-11-5, “Research Shows Overfishing of Sharks Key Factor in Coral Reef Decline”, https://scripps.ucsd.edu/news/5122) Their position at the pinnacle of the marine AND sponsored by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.

And, Species diversity loss causes global extinction—we’re at the tipping point—crossing the threshold in the next 10 years makes it irreversible
Walsh 10 —Bryan, “ Wildlife: A Global Convention on Biodiversity Opens in Japan, But Can It Make a Difference?” Ecocentric Blog @ TIME, 10-18, [|http://ecocentric.blogs.time.com/2010/10/18/wildlife-a-global-convention-on-biodiversity-opens-in-japan-but-can-it-make-a-difference/#ixzz131wU6CSp]. //BR The story of non-human life on the planet AND

//We're losing nature. And that loss really is forever.//

And, AUVs are key to understanding and mitigating several other huge environmental threats—oil spills, coral reefs and biodiversity loss
Bluefin 12 —AUV Technology Company, September 2012 [Bluefin robotics is a Battelle company who develops, builds, and operates Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) and related technologies for defense, commercial, and scientific customers worldwide, [], accessed 26 June 2014] JB Sampling and persistent monitoring of  AND

deep coral reef ecosystems are known to exist.