Katie+Kenner+and+Rohin+Balkundi

Plan
====The United States federal government should establish a trade promotion organization with the People’s Republic of China to promote collaborative trade initiatives designed to mitigate climate change. ====

Contention 1 – relations
====The Sino-US relationship is defined by __superficial__ friendship that pretends to cooperate despite divergent interests. This risks dangerous instability in relations ==== **Yan, 10 -** Professor and Dean of Institute of Modern International Relations, Tsinghua University (Xuetong, “The Instability of China–US Relations” The Chinese Journal of International Politics, Vol. 3, 2010, 263–292 doi:10.1093/cjip/poq009 The Instability of Superficial Friendship AND support and mutual expectations thus maintains the stability of the countries’ bilateral relations.

Relations are on the verge of collapse due to unmet expectations.
**Heath, 15 -** Timothy R. Heath is a senior defense and international research analyst at the nonprofit, nonpartisan Rand Corporation (“Xi’s Visit Exposes Mismatch in U.S and Chinese Expectations” World Politics Review, 9/23, @http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/16748/xi-s-visit-exposes-mismatch-in-u-s-and-chinese-expectations Since U.S. President Barack Obama and his Chinese counterpart, Xi Jinping AND It can also help promote needed stability in an increasingly fragmented international order. ====Strong relations prevent nuclear war and foster multilateral cooperation on every existential threat ==== <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">**Gross, 13** - adjunct fellow of Pacific Forum CSIS, former Senior Advisor to the Under Secretary for International Security Affairs in the Department of State, former Counselor of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (Donald, __The China Fallacy: How the U.S. Can Benefit from China’s Rise and Avoid Another Cold War__, p. 62 <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">The foremost near-term security benefit to the United States of developing improved relations <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">AND <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">China could work alongside the United States in maintaining regional security and stability. ====<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">Strong relations are vital to cooperation over North Korea. New crises are likely and only US and China can defuse escalation ==== <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;"> Gady 16 (Franz-Stefan Gady is an Associate Editor with The Diplomat, a Senior Fellow with the EastWest Institute, and has worked previously as an adjunct research assistant at the Institute for National Strategies Studies of the National Defense University in Washington, D.C., an analyst for the Project on National Security Reform, a congressionally funded nonprofit organization founded to reform the national security structure of the United States. He holds an M.A. in Strategic Studies/International Economics. “Sino-US Cooperation Over North Korea Is Now More Important Than Ever,” The Diplomat, March 19, 2016, @http://thediplomat.com/2016/03/sino-us-cooperation-over-north-korea-is-now-more-important-than-ever/)//wm <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">China and the United States share the same short-term interests on the Korean <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">AND <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">//Sino-US diplomatic effort. Indeed, it is a political necessity//.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">That triggers nuclear winter and extinction
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;"> Hayes and Hamel-Green 9 - Professor of International Relations – RMIT University AND Michael; Dean and Professor of Arts, Education and Human Development – Victoria University <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">(Peter, “The Path Not Taken, The Way Still Open: Denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula and Northeast Asia,” @http://www.nautilus.org/projects/A-J-disarm/research-workshop/drafts/hayes-hamel-green.pdf ) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;"> The consequences of failing to address the proliferation threat posed by the North Korea developments <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 6pt;">AND <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 6pt;">threat but a global one that warrants priority consideration from the international community.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">Strong relations are vital to cooperation over the Middle East – it prevents war
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">** Alterman 11 ** (Jon B. Alterman is a senior vice president, holds the Zbigniew Brzezinski Chair in Global Security and Geostrategy, and is director of the Middle East Program at CSIS., “U.S.-China Relations: Cooperating and Contending Over the Middle East” Center for Strategic and International Studies, Middle east program, 2011, @https://csis-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/legacy_files/files/publication/110617_Alterman_ChinaExecSummary.pdf)//wm <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">__China, the United States, and the Middle East form a triangle__. __All__ <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">__AND__ <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">__lessons from its own economic growth, which regional governments would likely welcome__.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">That solves nuclear war
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">** Russell 9 ** - Russell, Senior Lecturer, National Security Affairs, Naval Postgraduate School <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">(James A., “Strategic Stability Reconsidered: Prospects for Escalation and Nuclear War in the Middle East” IFRI, Proliferation Papers, #26, @http://www.ifri.org/downloads/PP26_Russell_2009.pdf ) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">__Strategic stability__ in the region __is thus undermined by__ various factors: (1) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">AND <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">the peoples of the region, with substantial risk for the entire world. ====<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">Establishing a clean energy trade promotion organization promotes __shared commercial interests__ that __bridge the gap__over divergent interests and transform superficial friendship into __actual__ friendship ==== <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">**Valentine, 11 -** Scott Victor Valentine is an Associate Professor and Associate Director of the MPPIP Program, Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Tokyo (“Towards the Sino-American Trade Organization for the Prevention of Climate Change (STOP-CC)” Chinese Journal of International Politics (Winter 2011) 4 (4): 447-474. doi: 10.1093/cjip/por020 <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">Facilitating Collaboration <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">The ‘no regret’ climate change mitigation strategies, which the two <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">AND <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">of GDP by 40–45% of 2005 levels by 2020.96

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">Plan spills over __despite__ overall divergent interests in the rest of the relationship
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">**Valentine, 11 -** Scott Victor Valentine is an Associate Professor and Associate Director of the MPPIP Program, Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Tokyo (“Towards the Sino-American Trade Organization for the Prevention of Climate Change (STOP-CC)” Chinese Journal of International Politics (Winter 2011) 4 (4): 447-474. doi: 10.1093/cjip/por020 <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">Furthermore, a Sino-American collaboration of the type presented by STOP-CC <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">AND <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">Sino-American relations, in the context of climate change mitigation efforts.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">Contention 2 – warming
====<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">Paris commitments were voluntary and will fall short without __follow through__. Trade cooperation is a vital starting point for __global__trust by satisfying __economic__ interests ==== <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">**Roberts, 16 -** writer on energy and climate change for Vox; cites Keohane, a professor at the Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton (David, Vox, “The argument for incrementalism in international climate negotiations” 5/26, @http://www.vox.com/2016/5/26/11766252/international-climate-incrementalism <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">The international community has been talking about climate change since the 1980s, with a <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">AND <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">how to do that ratcheting work, laying the foundation for greater ambition? ====<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">US-China clean energy engagement is increasing, but it fails to cover joint investment strategies ==== <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;"> Hart et al 16 Melanie Hart is a Senior Fellow and Director of China Policy at American Progress, Ph.D. in political science from the University of California, Peter Ogden is a Senior Fellow at American Progress, served on the White House Domestic Policy Council as senior director for energy and climate change and at the State Department as chief of staff to the special envoy for climate change, Kelly Sims Gallagher is a Professor of Energy and Environmental Policy at The Fletcher School, Tufts University (Melanie, Pete, and Kelly Sims, "Green Finance: The Next Frontier for U.S.-China Climate Cooperation," Center for American Progress, 6/13/16, https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/security/report/2016/06/13/139276/green-finance-the-next-frontier-for-u-s-china-climate-cooperation/)\\BPS <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">All told, the United States and China are making significant efforts to reduce domestic <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">AND <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">forward, both nations will try out different approaches to catalyze those investments. ====<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">The gap in existing cooperation makes it impossible to meet Paris targets – joint coordination on clean energy investment is vital ==== <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;"> Hart et al 16 Melanie Hart is a Senior Fellow and Director of China Policy at American Progress, Ph.D. in political science from the University of California, Peter Ogden is a Senior Fellow at American Progress, served on the White House Domestic Policy Council as senior director for energy and climate change and at the State Department as chief of staff to the special envoy for climate change, Kelly Sims Gallagher is a Professor of Energy and Environmental Policy at The Fletcher School, Tufts University (Melanie, Pete, and Kelly Sims, "Green Finance: The Next Frontier for U.S.-China Climate Cooperation," Center for American Progress, 6/13/16, https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/security/report/2016/06/13/139276/green-finance-the-next-frontier-for-u-s-china-climate-cooperation/)\\BPS <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">International finance: Going green or brown? <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">In the post-Paris era <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">AND <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">benefits for developing countries while minimizing environmental, social, and climate risks. ====<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">Status quo cooperation is insufficient to slow the __rate__ of climate change – it will become irreversible without greater cooperation ==== <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">**Shi, 15 -** Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Longyu Shi, Weichen Ma, Guofan Shao, Lina Tang, Yangyang Wang & <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">Haowei Wang (2015) The US and China need to turn ongoing bilateral dialogue <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">AND <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">effective bilateral and multilateral cooperation toward immediate climate change mitigation around the world.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">Warming causes extinction – action now prevents the planet from becoming uninhabitable
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;"> Klein 2014 - Puffin Foundation Writing Fellow at The Nation Institute and a former Miliband Fellow at the London School of Economics

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">Naomi, //This Changes Everything,// p 16-21 <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">The assertion that we have been held back by a lack of technological solutions is <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">AND <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">climate crisis: we either change now or we lose our chance.29 ====<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">The plan creates joint ventures that facilitate the global diffusion of emissions-reducing technology. ==== <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">**Valentine, 11 -** Scott Victor Valentine is an Associate Professor and Associate Director of the MPPIP Program, Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Tokyo (“Towards the Sino-American Trade Organization for the Prevention of Climate Change (STOP-CC)” Chinese Journal of International Politics (Winter 2011) 4 (4): 447-474. doi: 10.1093/cjip/por020 <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">Areas for Collaboration <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">One of the drivers behind China's economic resurgence has been the <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">AND <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">weakness, while American strengths complement the financial shortcomings that Chinese firms face. ====<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">Scaling up current US-China clean energy joint ventures will unlock a global clean energy revolution ==== <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">**Forbes and Moch, 14 -** *senior associate at the Climate and Energy Program at the World Resources Institute AND PhD Student at the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Harvard (Sarah and Jonathan, April 25, 2014, “How U.S.-China Cooperation Can Expand Clean Energy Development”, @http://www.wri.org/blog/2014/04/how-us-china-cooperation-can-expand-clean-energy-development . Accessed on 7/5/16) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">One year ago, the United States and China declared in their Joint Statement on <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">AND <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">United States and China, we can help unlock a //clean energy revolution//. ====<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">It spurs __price reductions__ and __technological innovation__, as well as __global modeling__ ==== <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">**Valentine, 13 –** Scott Victor Valentine is an Associate Professor and Associate Director of the MPPIP Program, Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Tokyo (“Enhancing Climate Change Mitigation Efforts through Sino-American Collaboration” The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 2012, 1 of 24 doi:10.1093/cjip/pos021 <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">The USA and China share a high degree of ideological common ground in regard to <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">AND <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">as heightened competition between firms gives rise to greater innovation and consumer surplus. ====<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">Trade cooperation directly limits carbon and methane emissions as well making it possible to meet global emission targets ==== <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;"> Aldy et al 16- Joseph Aldy is an associate professor of Public Policy at the Harvard Kennedy School, a visiting fellow at the Resources for the Future, a Faculty Research Fellow at the National Bureau of Economic Research, a Senior Advisor at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, the Faculty Chair for the Regulatory Policy Program at the Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business and Government. (“Bilateral Cooperation between China and the United States: Facilitating Progress on Climate-Change Policy,” Harvard Project on Climate Agreements and National Center for Climate Change Strategy and International Cooperation; February 2016, http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/harvard-nscs-paper-final-160224.pdf)// CGM <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">A third major area of opportunity for China–U.S. cooperation concerns <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">AND <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">-US cooperation on the climate and trade issues on that organization’s agenda.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">China says yes – Green Finance is in its strategic interests
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;"> Lehr 16 Deborah Lehr is an accomplished global business strategist who has supported leading global firms and organizations to grow their presence in the world’s most complex markets and a Senior Fellow at the Paulson Institute ("Green Finance: A Strategic Imperative for China," The Diplomat, 6/13/16, @http://thediplomat.com/2016/06/green-finance-a-strategic-imperative-for-china/ )\\BPS <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">With last month’s high-profile signing ceremony of the Paris Agreement by 174 countries <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">AND <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">now viewed as a cottage industry to become part of the financial mainstream. ====<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">The plan is modeled globally and spills to larger environmental cooperation to create sustainable global trade ==== <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">**Valentine, 11 -** Scott Victor Valentine is an Associate Professor and Associate Director of the MPPIP Program, Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Tokyo (“Towards the Sino-American Trade Organization for the Prevention of Climate Change (STOP-CC)” Chinese Journal of International Politics (Winter 2011) 4 (4): 447-474. doi: 10.1093/cjip/por020 <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">STOP-CC would also sire notable indirect benefits. First, climate change is <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">AND <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">make //bolder emission reduction efforts than would otherwise be achievable through multilateral negotiations//.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">2NR's: <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">Appeasement DA Neolib

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">1NC's: <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">- Japan DA <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">- Appeasement DA <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">- Consult Japan <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">- T-Unconditional <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">- T- QPQ <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">- Elections DA <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">-Xi Bad <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">- Rising expectations (on case) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">- Neolib