Alvin-Thomas

PLAN TXT:
====The United States federal government should limit domestic surveillance for foreign intelligence purposes of American corporations exclusively to authority under section 702 of the FISA Amendments Act.====


 * OVERREACH**

Executive Order 12333 authorizes foreign surveillance, but the NSA is using it to exploit loopholes to create __backdoor access__ for __wholly domestic__ communications
Arnbak and Goldberg 14- cybersecurity and information law research at the Institute for Information Law, LL.M degree from Leiden University, A Competitive Strategy and Game Theory degree from London School of Economics University of Amsterdam; Associate professor in the Computer Science Department at Boston University, phD from Princeton University, B.A.S.c from University of Toronto (Axel and Sharon, “Loopholes for Circumventing the Constitution: Warrantless Bulk Surveillance on Americans by Collecting the Network Traffic Abroad”, Working Paper, June 27, 2014)//TT//

// Legal ... //soil// (e.g., from Harvard University to Boston University).

The __perception__ that the NSA is using the XO 12333 back-door to circumvent section 702 is causing a __global backlash__ against US tech companies and driving data localization

 * Eoyang, 14** - Mieke Eoyang is the Director of the National Security Program at Third Way, a center-left think tank. She previously served as Defense Policy Advisor to Senator Edward M. Kennedy, and a subcommittee staff director on the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, as well as as Chief of Staff to Rep. Anna Eshoo (D-Palo Alto) (“A Modest Proposal: FAA Exclusivity for Collection Involving U.S. Technology Companies” Lawfare, 11/24, []

Beyond... made.

====The US needs to draw a __sharp distinction__ between domestic and national security surveillance to make the US Internet Freedom agenda credible – otherwise __global internet fragmentation__ will result====


 * Fontaine, 14** – President of the Center for a New American Security; was foreign policy advisor to Senator John McCain for more than five years; Worked at the State Department, the National Security Council and the Senate Foreign Relations Committee; was associate director for near Eastern affairs at the National Security Council; B.A. in International Relations from Tulan University (Richard, “Bringing Liberty Online; Reenergizing the Internet Freedom Agenda in a Post-Snowden Era”, Center for a New American Security, September 18, 2014, []

The... the Snowden disclosures.32

Data localization will end internet freedom

 * Hill, 14** – Internet Policy at U.S. Department of Commerce (Jonah, “The Growth of Data Localization Post-Snowden: Analysis and Recommendations for U.S. Policymakers and Business Leaders”, The Hague Institute for Global Justice, Conference on the Future of Cyber Governance, 2014, May 1, 2014, SSRN)//TT

Free... illusory.

A free internet is vital to combating every existential threat

 * Eagleman, 10** - American neuroscientist and writer at Baylor College of Medicine, where he directs the Laboratory for Perception and Action and the Initiative on Neuroscience and Law (David, “Six ways the internet will save civilization” Wired, 9/10, []

Many... saves us.

Data localization will destroy global economic growth

 * Chandler and Le, 15** - * Director, California International Law Center, Professor of Law and Martin Luther King, Jr. Hall Research Scholar, University of California, Davis; A.B., Harvard College; J.D., Yale Law School AND **Free Speech and Technology Fellow, California International Law Center; A.B., Yale College; J.D., University of California, Davis School of Law (Anupam and Uyen, “DATA NATIONALISM” 64 Emory L.J. 677, lexis)

C. Economic Development .... these trends below.

Economic collapse causes war

 * Royal 10** – Jedediah Royal, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, (Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises, Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215)

Less intuitive... to those views.

CYBERSECURITY :D

Cyber attacks on the horizon- threaten international escalation
Heyward 5/20, cyberterror analyst and contributor at BreitBart, (John, CYBERTERRORISM IS THE NEXT ‘BIG THREAT,’ SAYS FORMER CIA CHIEF, http://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2015/05/20/cyberterrorism-is-the-next-big-threat-says-former-cia-chief/)//AK Many... New York Times.

Cyber security is the greatest threat to our security

 * Carney 14** – Jordain Carney is a defense reporter at National Journal. She previously worked as a staff writer for the Hotline, covering congressional and gubernatorial elections in the South. Jordain graduated from the University of Arkansas with a bachelor’s degree in English, political science, and journalism. (Jordain, “Defense Leaders Say Cyber is Top Terror Threat”, National Journal, January 6, 2014, http://www.nationaljournal.com/defense/defense-leaders-say-cyber-is-top-terror-threat-20140106//DM)//

Defense... // country."

First is overreach – NSA surveillance of American companies undercuts cybersecurity – creates vulnerabilities

 * Kehl 14** - Danielle Kehl is a Policy Analyst at New America’s Open Technology Institute (OTI) (Danielle, “Surveillance Costs: The NSA’s Impact on the Economy, Internet Freedom & Cybersecurity”, New America’s Open Technology Institute, https://www.newamerica.org/downloads/Surveilance_Costs_Final.pdf//DM)

In addition... improve security .”281

That’s a __threat magnifier__ – makes it easier for cyberterrorists to attack

 * Zhang 14** - Shu is pursuing her graduate degree at the Medill School of Journalism at Northwestern University, specializing in business reporting and video journalism. Currently, she is a health care and pharmaceutical industry reporter at Medill News Service in Chicago. (Shu, “Tech companies hurt by NSA surveillance take actions to improve internet security”, Medill National Security Zone, http://nationalsecurityzone.org/site/tech-companies-hurt-by-nsa-surveillance-take-actions-to-improve-internet-security//DM)

WASHINGTON — This..... future actions

Second is __US-Chinese cooperation__ – NSA overreach makes cyber-surveillance cooperation with China __impossible__
Donohue 15 – Professor of Law, Georgetown Law and Director, Center on National Security and the Law, Georgetown Law (Lauren, HIGH TECHNOLOGY, CONSUMER PRIVACY, AND U.S. NATIONAL SECURITY, Symposium Articles, 4 Am. U. Bus. L. Rev. 11 p.35-36, 2015, Hein Online)//JJ

Online warfare........... __ foreign threats. __

Loss of US cyber credibility strikes at the core of US- China technological collaborations
After... around the country.
 * Li 13** – Director, John L. Thornton China Center, Senior Fellow, Foreign Policy (Cheng, “NSA Revelations Have Irreparably Hurt U.S. Corporations in China”, Brookings, 12/12/13, http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2013/12/12-nsa-revelations-hurt-corporations-china-li-mcelveen)//GK

Chinese cyberattack is likely - will shut down US power grids and critical infrastructure

 * Lenzner 14** - Robert Lenzner is National Editor of Forbes magazine. He joined Forbes as a Senior Editor in September 1992.Mr. Lenzner has a B.A. (cum laude) from Harvard University and an M.B.A. from Columbia University. (Robert, “Chinese Cyber Attack Could Shut Down U.S. Electric Power Grid”, Forbes, November 28, 2014, http://www.forbes.com/sites/robertlenzner/2014/11/28/chinese-cyber-attack-could-shut-down-u-s-electric-power-grid//DM)

Welcome ... Islamic terrorists.

Grid attacks take out command and control ---causes retaliation and nuclear war

 * Tilford 12** [Robert, Graduate US Army Airborne School, Ft. Benning, Georgia, “Cyber attackers could shut down the electric grid for the entire east coast” 2012, [] ] //khirn

To make... the President.

The plan’s curtailment of surveillance of U.S. companies to exclusive section 702 authority is vital to restoring domestic and international trust in surveillance

 * Eoyang and Bishai, 15** - *Mieke Eoyang is the Director of the National Security Program at Third Way, a center-left think tank. She previously served as Defense Policy Advisor to Senator Edward M. Kennedy, and a subcommittee staff director on the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, as well as as Chief of Staff to Rep. Anna Eshoo (D-Palo Alto); **Chrissy Bishai is a Fellow at Third Way (“Restoring Trust between U.S. Companies and Their Government on Surveillance Issues” 3/19, []

Fixing... privacy protections.

Limiting the use of surveillance on US-based servers to national security interests and increasing transparency regarding surveillance is vital to restoring trust and US credibility

 * Kehl, 14** – Policy Analyst at New America’s Open Technology Institute (Danielle, “Surveillance Costs: The NSA’s Impact on the Economy, Internet Freedom & Cybersecurity” July, []

The NSA... surveillance practices.