Reece+and+Aaron


 * __ 1ac – shipping __**
 * Emission regulations drive up fuel cost crushing the shipping industry **
 * Hirdaris 13 ** – Dr. Spyro, Senior Specialist at Lloyd's Register, PHD in Naval Architecture at the University of Southampton, 2013 http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/351357/1/CONCEPTS%20FOR%20A%20MODULAR%20NUCLEAR%20POWERED%20CONTAINERSHIP.pdf\\CLans)
 * Shipping losses increasing – lack of efficiency and safety **
 * AGCS ** 3/13/ ** 14 ** [Allianz Global Corporate & Specialty (AGCS) is the Allianz Group's dedicated carrier for corporate and specialty insurance business, Shipping losses decline, but emerging risks pose serious challenges to marine industry and insurers, [], ml]


 * Collapse is inevitable—a litany of factors that only the 1AC can solve **
 * HSN 14 **- Hellenic Shipping News, Online Daily Newspaper on Hellenic and International Shipping (“Risk is building up in the shipping industry on the back of increased shipbuilding orders and slower trade growth”, March 6, 2014 http://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/risk-is-building-up-in-the-shipping-industry-on-the-back-of-increased-shipbuilding-orders-and-slower-trade-growth/\\CLans)
 * Nuclear shipping is key to prevent a decline and increase volume **
 * Singla 2011 **(Smita, MA in food tech and professional blogger on maritime issues, “Nuclear Ship Propulsion: Is it the Future of the Shipping Industry?,” Marine Insight, Sept 2, http://www.marineinsight.com/tech/nuclear-ship-propulsion-is-it-the-future-of-the-shipping-industry/#ixzz2BqcUcPcN)
 * Nuclear vessels are key to cutting back on maritime shipping costs **
 * Walsh 6 ** (Don, “Nuclear-Powered Surface Ships Wave of the Future or a Wave Goodbye?”, United States Naval Institute, November, http://search.proquest.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/docview/205979999/7B389D11733A47C5PQ/1?accountid=14667)//JFHH


 * Shipping key to stable food prices and international trade **
 * Mitropoulos 2005 **(Efthimios, Secretary-General of the International Maritime Organization of the United Nations, World Maritime Day Parallel Event, 11/15, International Maritime Organization, http://www.imo.org/Newsroom/mainframe.asp?topic_id=1028&doc_id=5415)
 * Transit time and fuel cost are key to food prices **
 * OECD 2012 ** (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, “Trade Costs,” date is date last mod, Oct 29, www.oecd.org/tad/tradefacilitation/tradecosts.htm)
 * High food prices cause nuclear war **
 * Cribb 10 ** (Julian, Julian Cribb is a science communicator, journalist and editor of several newspapers and books. His published work includes over 7,000 newspaper articles, 1,000 broadcasts, and three books and has received 32 awards for science, medical, agricultural and business journalism. He was Director, National Awareness, for Australia's science agency, CSIRO, foundation president of the Australian Science Communicators, and originated the CGIAR's Future Harvest strategy. He has worked as a newspaper editor, science editor for "The Australian "and head of public affairs for CSIRO. He runs his own science communication consultancy, “The coming famine: the global food crisis and what we can do to avoid it,” p. 26)
 * Trade prevents war, contains war, and checks escalation—solves all other impacts **
 * Griswold 2011 ** (Daniel Griswold is director of the Center for Trade Policy Studies at the Cato Institute and author of Mad about Trade: Why Main Street America Should Embrace Globalization. “Free Trade and the Global Middle Class,” Hayek Society Journal Vol. 9 http://www.cato.org/pubs/articles/Hayek-Society-Journal-Griswold.pdf)

**__ 1ac – shipbuilding __**
 * American shipbuilding is noncompetitive now—the plan revitalizes it by increasing orders and efficiency **
 * Haas 14 ** (Benjamin, engineering student at SUNY Maritime, “Strategies for the Success of Nuclear Powered Commercial Shipping,” Presented to the Connecticut Maritime Association, March 2014, http://atomicinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/CMA-Nuclear-Paper_Benjamin-Haas-3.pdf)
 * Nuclear shipbuilding revitalizes industry jobs and boosts the economy—civilian orders are key **
 * Haas 14 ** (Benjamin, engineering student at SUNY Maritime, “Strategies for the Success of Nuclear Powered Commercial Shipping,” Presented to the Connecticut Maritime Association, March 2014, http://atomicinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/CMA-Nuclear-Paper_Benjamin-Haas-3.pdf)
 * Plan provides a technological niche to create demand for US shipbuilding – solves tech leadership **
 * Mathea et al 03 ** (Tomasz; Bazemore, Debbie; Iptes, Mustafa; Martinot-Lagarde, Vincent; Ahern, Don; Baker, Laurent; Bingham, Gwen; Faux, Eku; Greenwood, Paul; Harrison, Joe; Scarchilli, Dave; Simpson, Brian A; Davis, Ron; Harrison, Donald; Lohnert, Robert; Vuxton, Chris; “2003 Industry Studies: Shipbuilding”, 2003, https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CB8QFjAA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hsdl.org%2F%3Fview%26did%3D451876&ei=4aSxU77kNIWZPfeOgZAO&usg=AFQjCNGKpUBnmADJSVna_99jeSFdghxeOQ&sig2=EjUiAs7ZtfApAqjC0iuRxw)//Vinaik


 * Commercial shipbuilding industry is key to naval power and overall US hard power **
 * A.M.P 14 ** (American Maritime Partnership, “National Security,” No date, date is date accessed, June 29, 2014 http://www.americanmaritimepartnership.com/national-security/)
 * Naval reliance is inevitable – only a matter of effectiveness **
 * Whiteneck 10 **(Daniel Whiteneck • Michael Price • Neil Jenkins •Peter Swartz, CNA Analysis & Solutions, “The Navy at a Tipping Point: Maritime Dominance at Stake?” March, http://www.public.navy.mil/usff/documents/navy_at_tipping_point.pdf)
 * No one can fill in for US naval power **
 * Whiteneck 10 **(Daniel Whiteneck • Michael Price • Neil Jenkins •Peter Swartz, CNA Analysis & Solutions, “The Navy at a Tipping Point: Maritime Dominance at Stake?” March, http://www.public.navy.mil/usff/documents/navy_at_tipping_point.pdf)
 * US naval power guarantees hegemony, prevents attacks on the US mainland, and deters potential rivals from even attempting to change the status quo **
 * Friedman 7 **(George, PhD, Chief Executive Officer and founder of STRATFOR, “The Limitations and Necessity of Naval Power,” April 10, http://www.stratfor.com/limitations_and_necessity_naval_power)
 * Naval power is critical to overall US capabilities—this allows us to deter and defeat any challenger and contain every impact **
 * England, Jones, and Clark 11 **(Gordon England is a former secretary of the Navy. General James Jones is a former commandant of the Marine Corps. Admiral Vern Clark is a former chief of naval operations; “The Necessity of U.S. Naval Power,” July 11, http://gcaptain.com/necessity-u-s-naval-power?27784)
 * Heg is sustainable and solves conflict escalation and great power war—collapse results in __violent apolarity__ and __nuclear arms races__ **
 * Brooks, et al, 13 ** [Don't Come Home, America: The Case against Retrenchment Stephen G. Brooks (bio), [|G. John Ikenberry] (bio) and William C. Wohlforth (bio), Stephen G. Brooks; G. John Ikenberry and William C. Wohlforth STEPHEN G. BROOKS is Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College. G. JOHN IKENBERRY is Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University and Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University in Seoul. WILLIAM C. WOHLFORTH is Daniel Webster Professor of Government at Dartmouth College, [|International Security] Volume 37, Number 3, Winter 2012, p. Project Muse]

Charles A. ** Kupchan ’14 ** [Professor of International Affairs in the School of Foreign Service and Government Department at Georgetown University. He is also Whitney H. Shepardson Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, Kupchan was Director for European Affairs on the National Security Council during the first Clinton administration. Before joining the NSC, he worked in the U.S. Department of State on the Policy Planning Staff. Prior to government service, he was an Assistant Professor of Politics at Princeton University. May 16, 2014, “The Normative Foundations of Hegemony and The Coming Challenge to Pax Americana”, Taylor & Francis, Security Studies, Volume 23, Issue 2, 2014, [], ml]
 * American hegemony is a much more sound and egalitarian system than any alternatives – it promotes social, economic and political equality and independence **

**__ 1ac – plan __**
 * The United States federal government should establish a regulatory framework for the use of nuclear reactors on commercial ships and guarantee insurance coverage for them under the Price-Anderson Act. **

**__ 1ac – solvency __**
 * Federal support and oversight is key to develop nuclear shipping **
 * Adams 95 **(Rodney, Nuclear Power for Commercial Ships, Paper presented at Propulsion '95, a conference of maritime professionals sponsored by the Marine Log. New Orleans, LA. Oct 30-31 1995 http://www.atomicengines.com/Ship_paper.html)
 * Federal insurance increases acceptance of nuclear power and creates a commercial role **
 * Haas 14 **(Benjamin, engineering student at SUNY Maritime, “Strategies for the Success of Nuclear Powered Commercial Shipping,” Presented to the Connecticut Maritime Association, March 2014, http://atomicinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/CMA-Nuclear-Paper_Benjamin-Haas-3.pdf)
 * Shipping companies would adopt nuclear power and international entities would license it—government support is the key barrier **
 * Time 10 ** (“Nuclear Cruise Ships Ahoy?” Nov 15, http://science.time.com/2010/11/15/nuclear-cruise-ships-ahoy/#ixzz2Bq9wGdYH)
 * The US is key—best regulatory structure **
 * Haas 14 **(Benjamin, engineering student at SUNY Maritime, “Strategies for the Success of Nuclear Powered Commercial Shipping,” Presented to the Connecticut Maritime Association, March 2014, http://atomicinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/CMA-Nuclear-Paper_Benjamin-Haas-3.pdf)
 * The plan spurs a US-dominated global market **
 * Haas 14 **(Benjamin, engineering student at SUNY Maritime, “Strategies for the Success of Nuclear Powered Commercial Shipping,” Presented to the Connecticut Maritime Association, March 2014, http://atomicinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/CMA-Nuclear-Paper_Benjamin-Haas-3.pdf)
 * No shipwreck impact **
 * Femenia 12 **(Jose, Prof at the United States Merchant Marine Academy, Is The Time Right For Commercial Nuclear Powered Vessels? http://higherlogicdownload.s3.amazonaws.com/SNAME/ee3b8f97-c746-4d85-bede-cd348a202053/UploadedImages/Is%20The%20Time%20Is%20Right%20For%20Commercial%20Nuclear%20Powered%20Vessels-J.Femenia%20%28Full%20Paper-080812%29.pdf)
 * No waste issue **
 * Femenia 12 **(Jose, Prof at the United States Merchant Marine Academy, Is The Time Right For Commercial Nuclear Powered Vessels? http://higherlogicdownload.s3.amazonaws.com/SNAME/ee3b8f97-c746-4d85-bede-cd348a202053/UploadedImages/Is%20The%20Time%20Is%20Right%20For%20Commercial%20Nuclear%20Powered%20Vessels-J.Femenia%20%28Full%20Paper-080812%29.pdf)