Gaurav+Rane+and+Sameer+Chaparala

toc =iss (“grand bargain”) aff=

1ac iss v.2 – space war adv
Status quo Chinese exclusion from US space programs ensures the formation of adversarial blocs that challenge American space use Another potential positive payback stemming from cooperating with Chinawould be greater US insight into AND blocs. 208 It is in Washington’s interest not to make this happen!
 * Aliberti 15** [Marco, Resident Fellow at the European Space Policy Institute (ESPI), SIOI/ASI/CNR-ISGI Master on Space Policy and Institutions, Rome, master’s degree in International Relations of Asia and Africa, Faculty of Political Sciences, University of Naples, //When China Goes To The Moon…//, Studies in Space Policy, Volume 11, edited by the European Space Policy Institute, Springer International Publishing: Switzerland, 2015, p. 234-235]

That escalates to war Zhang 11 [Baohui Zhang is Associate Professor of Political Science and Director of the Center for Asia Pacific Studies at Lingnan University, Hong Kong. He wishes to thank an anonymous reviewer for the helpful comments that contributed to the revision of this article, “The Security Dilemma in the U.S.-China Military Space Relationship” accessed by means of JSTOR] In both cases, Chinese security experts believe that the U.S. seeks AND not be able to use outer space for military or other purposes.”20

Goes nuclear – anti-satellites aka ASATs destroy the rules of modern warfighting Gallagher 15 [Nancy, interim director of the Center for International and Security Studies in Maryland, previous Executive Director of the Clinton Administration’s CTBT Treaty Committee, an arms control specialist at the State Dept., and a faculty member at Wesleyan, “Antisatellite warfare without nuclear risk: A mirage,” May 29, Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, []] In recent decades, however, as space-based reconnaissance, communication, and AND scenarios that are used to justify the development and use of antisatellite weapons.

China has already developed space weapons. Micah Zenko 14, Senior Fellow @ the Council on Foreign Relations, Dangerous Space Incidents, April, CFR, http://www.cfr.org/space/dangerous-space-incidents/p32790 Crisis-Related Interference China, North Korea, and Iran could conceivably be AND -escalatory and stabilizing action in a naval encounter with the United States.

Space war the most likely theater for nuclear conflict The High Cost of a War in Space: Increased competition in space is AND celestial war. The High Cost of a War in Space:
 * Lamrani 16** [Omar, geopolitical and security analyst for Stratfor, National Interest, “What the U.S. Military Fears Most: A Massive Space War,” May 18, 2016, []]

Broader space cooperation and high-level dialogues are needed to resolve the mistrust and at the heart of space security dilemmas Zhang 11 [Baohui Zhang is Associate Professor of Political Science and Director of the Center for Asia Pacific Studies at Lingnan University, Hong Kong. He wishes to thank an anonymous reviewer for the helpful comments that contributed to the revision of this article, “The Security Dilemma in the U.S.-China Military Space Relationship” accessed by means of JSTOR] In the context of the changing strategic landscape between China and the U.S AND consistently. The effort would be very useful in alleviating the security dilemma.”

ISS cooperation is key --- deters further ASAT testing and solves global stability On January 11, 2007, China successfully executed a direct-ascent an ti- AND 90 Maintaining a healthy relationship between these two countries has positive global impacts.
 * Ressler 9** [Aaron R. Ressler, Major, United States Air Force, A Research Report Submitted to the Faculty, Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama, “Advancing Sino-U.S. Space Cooperation”, April 2009]

Diplomatic engagement is crucial --- rebuilding trust in the space domain can solve the ASAT usage Journal of Air Law and Commerce, Fall, 2007, 72 J. Air AND // to complement the military armor upon which the nation currently relies //.
 * Walsh 7** [Frank M. Walsh, J.D., Georgetown University Law Center, 2007, Southern Methodist University Dedman School of Law, “Forging a diplomatic shield for American satellites: The case for reevaluating the 2006 National Space Policy in light of a Chinese anti-satellite system,”

1ac iss v.2 – space exploration adv
US-China space cooperation is key to Mars exploration—international support needed NASA Administrator Charles Bolden says a manned mission to Mars // will happen in the 2030s // AND // toward a common goal, the better off we’ll be // ," Bolden said.
 * IBT** **15**, (International Business Times, Future Space Policy Is Built On International Cooperation: NASA Administrator Charles Bolden, [], 11/16/15)

The ISS is key --- only base for effective research that sustains space exploration and colonization One of the most broadly recognized objectives of the ISS is articulated on the NASA AND allows the United States to be // better prepared for its future exploration endeavors //.
 * Hauser and John** **9** [Marty, VP, Washington Operations, Research and Analysis, and Mariel, research analyst at the Space Foundation, Space Foundation, 2009, “The International Space Station: Decision 2015,” http://www.spacefoundation.org/docs/ISS_Decision_2015.pdf]

Mars colonization is key to solve extinction--- Earth is falling apart—Mars is the only place where humans can populate again Establishing a permanent colony of humans on Mars is not an option. // It's a // // AND // and the Moon has no atmosphere to protect residents from destructive meteor impacts.
 * Orwig 15,**(Jessica Orwig has a Master of Science in science and technology journalism from Texas A&M University and a Bachelor of Science in astronomy and physics,5 Undeniable Reasons why Humans Should Go To Mars, [], 04/21/2015)

__Try-or-die__ for space exploration Ben Austen 11, citing the Lifeboat Foundation and the Alliance to Rescue Civilization, contributing editor of Harper’s Magazine, “After Earth: Why, Where, How, and When We Might Leave Our Home Planet,” popular science, http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2011-02/after-earth-why-where-how-and-when-we-might-leave-our-home-planet?page=3 __Earth won’t always be fit for occupation__. We know that in two billion years AND more human beings who live off the Earth than on it.

1ac iss v.2 – plan
The United States federal government should offer to support the Chinese National Space Administration’s inclusion as a partner on the International Space Station and an extension of ISS operations beyond 2024, remove space technology from the list of munitions items regulated by the US International Traffic in Arms Regulation framework, repeal the Wolf Amendment, and pledge non-interference with Chinese space assets, in exchange for the People’s Republic of China’s coordination of the Chinese Space Station with the ISS, expansion of data exchange pertaining to space technology operational information, and a pledge of non-interference with U.S. space assets.

1ac iss v.2 – solvency
China says yes --- the plan’s drastic shift in policy opens the ISS to genuine Chinese participation --- builds bridges in the space science community that ensure long-term multilateral cooperation Up to now, the result of this political disagreement between engagement and containment proponents AND efforts to find alternative partners to the United States and the European posture.
 * Aliberti 15** [Marco, Resident Fellow at the European Space Policy Institute (ESPI), SIOI/ASI/CNR-ISGI Master on Space Policy and Institutions, Rome, master’s degree in International Relations of Asia and Africa, Faculty of Political Sciences, University of Naples, //When China Goes To The Moon…//, Studies in Space Policy, Volume 11, edited by the European Space Policy Institute, Springer International Publishing: Switzerland, 2015, p. 237-240]

The plan’s project-specific cooperation is crucial --- ITAR reform, ISS-CSS cooperation, and bilateral non-interference pledges lay the groundwork for normalizing US-China space relations and international burden-sharing Given existing mistrust, the key to future success may be to focus on // project // // AND // ) continued Asian progress toward nuclear arms reduction and support for nonproliferation measures.
 * Moltz 11** [James Clay Moltz, ssociate director and research professor at the Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Monterey Institute of International Studies, professor at the Naval Postgraduate School, “China and Regional Cooperation and Institution-Building in East Asia (III): China, the United States, and Prospects for Asian Space Cooperation,” //Journal of Contemporary China//, Volume 20, Issue 68, 2011]

Both sides agree --- both the China ban and ITAR restrictions destroy US-China space commerce and scientific collaboration Is US–Chinese space cooperation possible? The history of the US– AND possible new measures at the bilateral (especially US–Chinese) level.
 * Moltz 11** [James Clay Moltz, ssociate director and research professor at the Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Monterey Institute of International Studies, professor at the Naval Postgraduate School, “China and Regional Cooperation and Institution-Building in East Asia (III): China, the United States, and Prospects for Asian Space Cooperation,” //Journal of Contemporary China//, Volume 20, Issue 68, 2011]

Deep partnership key -- the only way to know and influence internal Chinese policy is deep engagement 3. The Potential for a Second Space Race and Chinese Space Policy Making in AND more affordable and attainable. // Without such cooperation, history could repeat itself //.
 * Shackelford 14** [Scott J. Shackelford, Assistant Professor of Business Law and Ethics, “Governing the Final Frontier: A Polycentric Approach to Managing Space Weaponization and Debris,” American Business Law Journal, 51 Am. Bus. L.J. 429, Summer 2014, lexis]

Joint CSS and ISS cooperation fosters bilateral dialogue and reduces tensions During the International Astronautical Congress (IAC) last October in Jerusalem, there has AND and change the history of human space flight for several decades to come.
 * Lan 16** – analyst, thespacereview.com (Chen, “One track, two stations: A proposal for cooperation on the ISS and the Chinese Space Station”, The Space Review, March 14, 2016, http://www.thespacereview.com/article/2944/1//dmeth)

And, abandoning the ISS spills over into other science initiatives – ruins US image and removes a catalyst for collaboration Improving the United States’ image may also increase its influence around the world. In AND large-scale space programs, or undertake all costs on its own.
 * Hauser and John** **9** [Marty, VP, Washington Operations, Research and Analysis, and Mariel, research analyst at the Space Foundation, Space Foundation, 2009, “The International Space Station: Decision 2015,” http://www.spacefoundation.org/docs/ISS_Decision_2015.pdf]

=Neg=

** Neg vs. (Market Economy) **
1NC: T gov to gov, Steel CP, Steel DA, Appeasement DA

2NR: T gov to gov, Steel DA

** Neg vs. (Climate) **
1NC: Neolib K, Russia DA

2NR: Neolib K

** Neg vs. (Afghan) **
1NC: T QPQ, India CP, India DA, Appeasement DA

2NR: India DA, Appeasement DA

** Neg vs. (Korea) **
1NC: T mil to mil bad, Allied Prolif DA, Elections DA

2NR: Allied Prolif DA, Elections DA