ACHM+Rachel+Andrew

afirmando la rez - rjc.debate@gmail.com negando la rez - andrewjayhayes@gmail.com
 * ¿ PREGUNTAS? **

1ac plan
(Note: May be subject to change, but this is the one we have been reading.)

Currently, untold numbers of Mexican men, women, and children are being unfairly imprisoned by human traffickers along the border—a bilateral partnership is critical

 * Garza, 11** (Rocio, Candidate for Juris Doctor, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, May 2011; A.B. (2005) Harvard University, CARDOZO J. OF INT’L & COMP. LAW, March, www.cjicl.com/uploads/2/9/5/9/2959791/cjicl_19.2_garza_note.pdf ‎ )

On any given day, a Mexican woman ... countries’ interests through a bilateral partnership.

Mexican sex trafficking has consigned almost 70,000 minors to living hell—the problem is spreading

 * Alis and Romo, 5/17** (Krupskaia Alis and Rafael Romo, CNN, 5/17/13, “Mexican sex traffickers moving into U.S.”, [|http://thecnnfreedomproject.blogs.cnn.com/2013/05/17/mexican-sex-traffickers-moving-into-u-s)//EM]

__Joanna moves her hands ...__**__destroyed my life."__**

**Mexico** **key – they’re a global** **hotspot for sex trafficking**
**Department of State, 13** (U.S. Department of State, 2013, “Trafficking in Persons Report 2013” [|http://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2013/index.htm)//EM]

Mexico is a //large source, transit, and ...// continued to be a serious problem.

This modern form of slavery affects millions of oppressed persons worldwide—we need to act both via legislation and through our speech-act

 * Shahinian, 4/26/13** – Special Rapporteur on Contemporary Forms of Slavery, United Nations (Gulnara, April 26, 2013, “Slavery must be recognised in all its guises,” The Guardian, http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/poverty-matters/2013/apr/26/slavery-recognised-all-guises)//DH

¶ Five years ago, I became the UN's first .... __is no longer an option__. ====Trafficking operates through a dominant conception of Otherness that sees victims as unimportant, which perpetuates exploitation. Only through rejecting this understanding can we open up space for effective politics that combat this violence====
 * Todres 9** – Professor of Law at Georgia State University (Jonathan, “Law, Otherness, and Human Trafficking”, July 2009, Accessed via Project MUSE)//SG

__The recent surge in interest ...__ __Other can be exploited.__ ====Human trafficking is a cultural expression that sees bodies as expendable. This is new age slavery that not only attempts to profit off of the body, but also break it down, which is the worst form of dehumanization. This must be rejected====
 * Truong, 1** – PhD in International Studios, Associate Professor at the International Institute of Social Studies, (Thahn-Dam, “Human Trafficking and Organised Crime”, July 2001, [], pgs. 13-14)//SG

__D____ omination through __ __the new forms of...__ __re-cognition of what____constitutes humanity today.__

Dehumanization makes every impact inevitable—it is the equivalent of nuclear war, environmental collapse, and genocide

 * Berube,** **97** – professor of speech communication, (David, Nanotechnology Magazine, June/July 1997, [])

Assuming we are able to ... is evil's most powerful weapon.

The politics of disposability leaves entire populations open to eradication – this ignorance of human dignity has become politicized, and will ultimately be the death of politics

 * Giroux 10** – Professor of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, previous professors at BU, Miami U, and Penn State (Henry, “Memories of Hope in the Age of Disposability”, published 9/28/2010, []) //SG

The new culture of cruelty combines ...essential to a vibrant democratic state.

Structural violence outweighs all of your magnitude claims
Hintjens 7 – Lecturer in the Centre for Development Studies, University of Wales, (Helen, “MDF Understanding Development Better”) From Johan Galtung, famous ... **__natural nor inevitable __**”, p. 301 (Prontzos).

Contention two is solvency
====Affirmation of political hope is necessary to reinvigorate democracy. Democracy is militarized in the status quo, parallel with disposability. To educate and advocate for hope is to evoke the political power of resistance.==== **Giroux ‘10** – Professor of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, previous professors at BU, Miami U, and Penn State (Henry, “Memories of Hope in the Age of Disposability”, published 9/28/2010, accessed online 7/2, [|http://archive.truthout.org/memories-hope-age-disposability63631)//BZ]

The working-class neighborhood.... their democratic convictions.

A US-Mexico bilateral partnership increases prevention initiatives in addition to number of prosecutions – allows for information sharing and expedited investigations

 * Garza 11** Candidate for Juris Doctor, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, AB from Harvard (Rocio, 11/1/11, "Addressing Human Trafficking Along the United States-Mexico Border: The Need for a Bilateral Partnership," [|http://www.cjicl.com/uploads/2/9/5/9/2959791/cjicl_19.2_garza_note.pdf)//AM]

Victims on both sides of the United States-Mexico border ... engaging in human trafficking.

US human trafficking policies are modeled globally

 * Srikantiah 7** Associate Professor of Law and Director, Immigrants’ Rights Clinic, Stanford Law (Jayashri, “Perfect Victims and Real Survivors: The Iconic Victim In Domestic Human Trafficking Law,” Boston University Law Review v. 187, [|http://www.bu.edu/law/central/jd/organizations/journals/bulr/volume87n1/documents/SRIKANTIAHv.2.pdf)//AM]

As the U nited S tates .... ¶ immigration relief.

Only engaging trafficking through a discursive lens can effectively transform the social conditions that create the possibility for violence

 * Lobasz ’12** (Jennifer, Professor of International Relations at the University of Minnesota, “Victims, Villains, and the Virtuous Constructing the Problems of ‘Human Trafficking’”, June 2012, http://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/131822/1/Lobasz_umn_0130E_12756.pdf, pgs. 80-82, [SG])

__In this dissertation, I carry ....____basic discourses began to reappear without major changes or additions.__

A crisis focused ethic is wrong – attention to isolated instances of warfare ignores the daily horrors of structural violence. This is the precondition for any war to happen
**Cuomo 96** – PhD, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Philosophy, University of Cincinnati (Chris, Hypatia Fall 1996. Vol. 11, Issue 3, pg 30) In "Gender and `Postmodern' War,".... __appears to be the inevitability of war and militarism.__

Predictions of international relations fail

 * Tetlock and Gardner, 11** professor of organizational behavior at the Haas Business School at the University of California-Berkeley and columnist and senior writer (Dan Gardner and Philip Tetlock, 7/11/11, “Overcoming Our Aversion to Acknowledging Our Ignorance”, [|http://www.cato-unbound.org/2011/07/11/dan-gardner-philip-tetlock/overcoming-our-aversion-acknowledging-our-ignorance)//EM]

The editors may regret that short ... simple extrapolation algorithms that automatically predicted more of the same.

No war – international institutions and societal shifts

 * Contreras, 12** – Fellow, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard University (Dominic, citing Steven Pinker, Harvard College Professor and Johnstone Family Professor in the Department of Psychology at Harvard University, citing Joshua A. Goldstein, Professor Emeritus, School of International Service, American University, February 1, 2012, “Winning the War on War?”, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard University, http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/21707/winning_the_war_on_war.html?breadcrumb=%2Fproject%2F52%2Fintrastate_conflict_program, Hensel)

In a jointly authored December... __“you //can’t miss the trend line//__ .”

“Any risk” paralyzes action on real issues
Tom Friedman's piece today ... to this news should be is another matter entirely.
 * Meskill, 9** (David Meskill, 12/9/9, “The "One Percent Doctrine" and Environmental Faith”, http://davidmeskill.blogspot.com/2009/12/one-percent-doctrine-and-environmental.html)//EM

Utilitarian problem solving and consequentialist ethics justify mass atrocity and turns its own end
====Weizman 11 (Eyal Weizman, professor of visual and spatial cultures at Goldsmiths, University of London, 2011, “The Least of All Possible Evils: Humanitarian Violence from Arendt to Gaza,” pp 8-10) ==== The theological __origins of the lesser... __ his ethics are grounded in this impossibility.17

All that remains of Sagan's ... claiming it prudent to assume the worst.
 * Nuclear war doesn’t cause extinction – prefer models**
 * Seitz 6 -** former associate of the John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies at Harvard University’s Center for International Affairs (Russell, “The' Nuclear Winter ' Meltdown Photoshopping the Apocalypse”, [])//AM

extra

 * Sex trafficking embodies a patriarchal form of domination that perpetuates the belief that women should be silent while they suffer**


 * Ditmore, Maternick, and Zapert ’12** (Melissa, Anna, and Katherine, all are research consultants to the Sex Workers Project of the Urban Justice Center, “The Road North: The role of gender, poverty and violence in trafficking from Mexico to the US”, August 2012, pg. 22-25 http://www.ccasa.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/The-Road-North-The-role-of-gender-poverty-and-violence-in-trafficking-from-Mexico-to-the-US.pdf, [SG])

__Violence__ __against women… over the victim__ (Castro Soto et al. 2004).

Patriarchy is the underlying system that allows extinction

Hudson et al. 8 [Valerie M. Hudson, Professor of Political Science at Brigham Young University, Mary Caprioli is Professor of Political Science at the University of Minnesota–Duluth. Bonnie Ballif-Spanvill is Professor of Psychology and Director of the Womyn’s Research Institute at Brigham Young University. Rose McDermott is Professor of Political Science at Brown University. Chad F. Emmett is Professor of Geography at Brigham Young University, “The Heart of the Matter: The Security of Womyn and the Security of States,” International Security Volume 33, Number 3, Winter 2008/08, Muse.]

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">Theories of political … __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">gender inequality __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">[|48] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;"> But is that possible?