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=1AC - Schopenhauer=

====WHEN JOHN LENNON WAS 5 YEARS OLD, HIS TEACHER ASKED HIM WHAT HE WANTED TO BE WHEN HE GREW UP. "HAPPY," HE ANSWERED. THE TEACHER TOLD HIM HE DIDN'T UNDERSTAND THE ASSIGNMENT. LENNON RESPONDED THAT THE TEACHER DIDN'T UNDERSTAND LIFE…^^[1] ^^====

STATUS QUO EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS HAVE BEEN CORRUPTED BY SENTIMENTS EMPHASIZE TEACHING STUDENTS TO BE HAPPY. AGAINST THIS, WE NEED TO TEACH STUDENTS ABOUT PAIN, SUFFERING, AND FAILURE.
The recent revival of interest in the education of the emotions in philosophy of education AND ) demonstrates, will always be a liberating and never a restricting possession.
 * Hyland 85** (J.T. PhD, "Unhappiness and Education: some lessons from Schopenhauer," in Educational Studies, 11:3, 227-8)

====SONG OF FUTILITY. FUTILITY PERVADES PESSIMISM. […] FAILURE IS A BREAKAGE WITHIN THE HEART OF RELATIONS, A FISSURE BETWEEN CAUSE AND EFFECT, A FISSURE HASTILY COVERED OVER BY TRYING AND TRYING AGAIN. WITH FAILURE, THERE IS ALWAYS PLENTY OF BLAME TO GO ARROUND; IT'S NOT MY FAULT, IT'S A TECHNICAL DIFFICULTY, IT'S A MISCOMMUNICATION. FOR THE PESSIMIST, FAILURE IS A QUESTION OF 'WHEN,' NOT 'IF' – FAILURE AS A METAPHYSICAL PRINCIPLE. EVERYTHING WITHERS AND PASSES INTO AN OBSCURITY BLACKER THAN NIGHT, EVERYTHING FROM THE MELODRAMATIC DECLINE OF A PERSON'S LIFE TO THE BANAL FLICKERING MOMENTS THAT CONSTITUTE EACH DAY. EVERYTHING THAT IS DONE IS UNDONE, EVERYTHING SAID OR KNOWN DESTINED FOR A STELLAR OBLIVION.^^[1] ^^====

====SUFERING IS NOT AN ACCIDENTAL FEATURE OF LIFE. SUFFERING PERMEATES EXISTENCE AS SUCH. SATISFACTION IS NOTHING MORE THAN THE FLEETING ABSENCE OF PAIN. AT BEST, SATISFACTION GIVES WAY TO THE TORMENTS OF BOREDOM – AT WORST, SATISFACTION IS NEVER FELT AS THE UNQUENCHABLE THIRST OF WILLING KNOWS NO SATIETY AND REKINDLES SUFFERING ANEW AT EVERY INSTANT. LIFE KNOWS NO VALUE AND IT WOULD BE BETTER IF WE HADN'T BEEN BORN. ==== Janawway 99 (Christopher, Professor of Philosophy at the University of South Hampton, "Schopenhauer's Pessimism," in Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement, Vol.44, pp. 50-5) Schopenhauer's pessimism is not reducible to any single argument. Nevertheless I want to reconstruct AND some neutral stretches where suffering is briefly absent before a new suffering arrives.

====SCHOPENHAUER, USING THE METAPHORS OF ASTRONOMY, ONCE NOTED THAT THERE WERE THREE TYPES OF WRITERS: METEORS (THE FLARE OF FADS AND TRENDS), PLANETS (THE FAITHFUL ROTATION OF TRADITION), AND THE FIXED STARS (IMPERVEOUS AND UNWAVERING). BUT IN SCHOPENHAUER'S OWN WRITING […] ONE IS ACUTELY AWARE OF THE WAY THAT ALL WRITING ULTIMATELY NEGATES ITSELF, EITHER TO BE FORGOTTEN OR TO HAVE BEEN SO PRECISE THAT IT RESULTS IN SILENCE. WAS SCHOPENHAUER AWARE THAT HE HIMSELF WAS A FOURTH TYPE OF WRITER – THE BLACK HOLE?^^[1] ^^====

====HISTORY KNOWS NO PROGRESS – BECAUSE EXISTENCE IS WITHOUT PURPOSE AND WITHOUT THE POSSIBILITY OF SATISFACTION. GOVERNMENTS CAN DO NOTHING TO IMPROVE OUR LIVES. NO AMOUNT OF LEGISLATION WILL REDEEM OUR MISERABLE LIVES. BUT BELIEVING THAT THE BUREAUCRATS CAN SAVE US PROVIDES THE FODDER FOR NATIONALISM AND ITS VIOLENT EXCESSES. BUT EVEN THIS IS FOR NOTHING; STATE-BASED EDUCATION CAN DO NOTHING TO CHANGE OUR FUNDAMENTAL NATURE. ==== A true philosophy of history, Schopenhauer insists, amounts to the recognition that in AND which is an individual's surest way of escaping the torments of the will.
 * Slaboch 15** (Matthew. Professor of Political Philosophy at Indiana University, Ph.D. in Political Science "Eadem, sed aliter': Arthur Schopenhauer as a Critic of 'Progress." History of European Ideas 41.7 (2015): 931-947. http://www-tandfonline-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/doi/pdf/10.1080/01916599.2014.991143?needAccess=true)

====YOU, THE NIGHT, AND THE MUSIC. […] SCHOPENHAUER ONCE NOTED THAT 'MUSIC IS THE MELODY TO WHICH THE WORLD IS THE TEXT.' GIVEN SCHOPENHAUER'S VIEW ON LIFE – THAT LIFE IS SUFFERING, THAT HUMAN LIFE IS ABSURD, THAT THE NOTHINGNESS BEFORE MY BIRTH IS EQUAL TO THE NOTHINGNESS AFTER MY DEATH – GIVEN ALL THIS, ONE WONDERS WHAT KIND OF MUSIC SCHOPENHAUER HAD IN MIND WHEN HE DESCRIBED MUSIC AS THE MELODY TO WHICH THE WORLD IS THE TEXT. WAS IT OPERA, A REQUIUM MASS […]? A LITTLE NIGHT MUSIC FOR THE TWILIGHT OF THOUGHT, A SULLEN NOCTURE FOR THE NIGHT-SIDE F LOGIC, AN ERA OF SAD WINGS SUNG BY A SOLITARIY BANSHEE. PERHAPS THE MUSIC SCHOPENHAUER HAD IN MIND IS MUSIC ELIMINATED TO NON-MUSIC. A WHISPER WOULD SUFFICE. PERHAPS A SIGH OF FATIGUE OR RESIGNATION, PERHAPS A MOAN OF DESPAIR OR SORROW. PERHAPS A SOUND JUST ARTICULATE ENGOUGH THAT IT COULD BE HEARD TO DISSIPATE.^^[1] ^^====

Quasi una fantasia

 * Beethoven 1801** – German composer and pianist (Ludwig van Beethoven, YouTube.com, July 21, 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oKPhGHAdqk0&t=18s)//ECP

====WE MUST FREE OURSELVES FROM THE WILL. THIS CAN BE ACHIEVED THROUGH ADOPTING THE STANDPOINT OF THE SUBJECT OF PURE COGNITION, WHO TEMPORARILY ESCAPES FROM INDIVIDUATION. EACH OF US HAS THE CAPACITY TO ACHIEVE THIS STATE BY APPRECIATING WORKS OF ART. MOREOVER, IN DISSOLVING THE FETTERS OF OUR INDIVIDUAL WILL AND ACHIEVING WILL-LESS-NESS, WE ADOPT AN ETHICAL RELATIONSHIP TO OTHERS. AN IMMANENT SENSE OF BEAUTY COLORS EXISTENCE; FILLED WITH COMPASSION, WE UNCOVER THE ESSENTIAL UNITY OF BEING.==== Kossler 10 [Matthias - Better Consciousness: Schopenhauer's Philosophy of Value, Ch.6 – Life is a Mirror p.85-89//AK] In replacing the causal relationships between the subject of willing and action with the being AND strongest motive leads to action, out of which character can be defined.

====RATHER THAN TEACHING THE PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS, WE MUST TEACH THE NEGATION OF THE WILL, THE REPUDIATION OF ALL PARTICULARITY AND INDIVIDUATION. THIS IS BECAUSE THE WILL IS THE SOURCE OF ALL PAIN, ALL SUFFERING. ONLY BY RENOUNCING THE WILL CAN WE ESTABLISH AN ETHICAL RELATIONSHIP TO OTHERS – REALIZING THAT OUR PARTICULAR SUFFERING IS, IN FACT, UNIVERSAL. MOREOVER, THE RENUNCIATION OF THE WILL IS ALSO NECESSARY FOR ANY HOPE OF FREEDOM FROM OUR MISERABLE EXISTENCE. ====

====FORTUNATELY, OUR PURSUIT OF THIS HERCULEAN TASK IS HELPED BY THE ARTS. AESTHETIC APPREICATION ENABLES THE DISSOLUTION OF OUR INDIVIDUAL WILL SO THAT WE MAY RISE OUT OF THE SWAMPS OF CONSCIOUSNESS AND REMOVE OURSELVES FROM THE WORLD.==== Hyland 85 (J.T. PhD, "Unhappiness and Education: some lessons from Schopenhauer," in Educational Studies, 11:3, 224-7) Schopenhauer proposes three ways (each related to a common object) in which we AND "the dominance of emotion cliches" (pp. 493-5).