AS+Anthony+Matt

toc 2A: Matthew Liu -- matthewcliu@gmail.com 2N: Anthony Trufanov -- ant981228@gmail.com

We will disclose advantages before the round :)

=Renewables Aff=

**1ac renewables (** **◡‿◡✿** **)**

=__1ac relations__=
 * Advantage one – relations**

Reyes 13 – JD, member of the USA Today Board of Contributors (Raul, April, “Opinion: President Obama has the chance to improve US/Mexico relations,” http://nbclatino.com/2013/04/29/opinion-president-obama-has-the-chance-to-improve-usmexico-relations/)//BB// // Obama will arrive in Mexico … potential, not on its problems. //
 * Energy cooperation is key to a SUSTAINABLE partnership – boosts regional economy, solves Mexican violence and reverses Latin anti-US sentiment**

//**SEQUENCING is vital – CLIMATE cooperation FIRST spills over to the rest of relations**// // Donnelly 10 – Program Associate, Mexico Institute @ Wilson Center// //(Robert, “U.S.-Mexico Cooperation on Renewable Energy: Building a Green Agenda,” http://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/us-mexico-cooperation-renewable-energy-building-green-agenda)//BB Discussant Johanna Mendelson Forman stressed … of adequate //export-import financing//.

Valencia 13 - New York-based political analyst and is a contributing writer for Global Voices Online (Robert, “U.S. and Latin America: Economic Cooperation without Militarization?,” http://www.worldpolicy.org/blog/2013/05/20/us-and-latin-america-economic-cooperation-without-militarization)//BB// // In May, President Barack Obama … and security integration amongst themselves. //
 * Only Obama solves – reverses Anti-US sentiment throughout Latin America**

//**US-Mexico climate cooperation prevents Latin skirmishes from escalating to war**// // Barry 13 – senior policy analyst at the Center for International Policy, where he directs the TransBorder project, he specializes in immigration policy, homeland security, border security and the outsourcing of national security, has authored or co-authored more than twenty books on Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, food aid, the United Nations, free trade and U.S. foreign policy// //(Tom, “Changing Perspectives on US-Mexico Relations,” http://truth-out.org/news/item/16221-changing-perspectives-on-us-mexico-relations)//BB It’s unfortunate that the two … with shared interests and responsibilities.

Rochin 94 –Professor of Political Science (James, Professor of Political Science at Okanagan University College, Discovering the Americas: the evolution of Canadian foreign policy towards Latin America, pp. 130-131)//BB// //While there were economic motivations … discussed in the next chapter.//
 * Latin American wars go global**

//**Relations solve border terrorism**// // Storrs 6 (K. Larry Storrs, Specialist in Latin American Affairs, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division of CRS, 1/18/2006 “Mexico’s Importance and Multiple Relationships with the United States”, [])//JG Sharing a 2,000-mile border and extensive …, ¶ health, environment, and energy issues.

McCaul 12 – JD @ St. Mary’s, former federal prosecutor (Michael, “A LINE IN THE SAND: COUNTERING CRIME, VIOLENCE AND TERROR AT THE SOUTHWEST BORDER,” UNITED STATES HOUSE COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY, Lexis)//BB// // Terrorism remains a serious threat to … ¶ into a //weapon of mass destruction//. //
 * The impact is an attack on US soil**

//**Nuclear war**// // Ayson 10 - Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington// //(Robert, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 33.7, InformaWorld)//BB But these two nuclear worlds—a … still meet with a devastating response.

DeLong 13 - Professor of Economics at the University of California, Berkeley, a Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research, and a Visiting Fellow at the Kauffman Foundation (J. Bradford, “The Second Great Depression: Why the Economic Crisis is Worse Than You Think”, July/August 2013 Foreign Affairs)//Beddow// // Despite its many virtues, however, … //crisis// in the years ahead __.__//
 * Independently, a US economic crisis is coming**

//**Latin energy connectivity is key to growth**// // Noriega and Cardenas 12 – *Former US State Dept Official, **director with Vision Americas**// //**(“An action plan for US policy in the Americas,” December, http://www.aei.org/outlook/foreign-and-defense-policy/regional/latin-america/an-action-plan-for-us-policy-in-the-americas/)**//**BB**
 * Key points in this Outlook:**
 * America’s economic crisis and threats … means a more prosperous United States . **

US growth solves great power war
 * Khalilzad 11 – PhD, Former Professor of Political Science @ Columbia, Former ambassador to Iraq and Afghanistan**
 * (Zalmay Khalilzad was the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush and the director of policy planning at the Defense Department from 1990 to 1992. "The Economy and National Security" Feb 8 http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/259024/economy-and-national-security-zalmay-khalilzad)//BB//**
 * // Today, economic and fiscal trends … aggressive moves in their regions . //**

//These wars go nuclear// //** Harris and Burrows 9 - *Mathew, PhD European History @ Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) ,** Jennifer, a member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit// //(“Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis” [])//BB Increased Potential for Global Conflict Of course, the report encompasses … a more dog-eat-dog world.

=__1ac multilat__=

Hansen, environmental science professor, et al., ’13 [J. Hansen and Makiko Sato, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Columbia University adjunct professor of Earth and Environmental Science; and Reto Ruedy, Trinnovim – Goddard Center scientific support, 1/15/13, “Global Temperature Update Through 2012,” http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/mailings/2013/20130115_Temperature2012.pdf, accessed 1/19/13, JTF] *Climate forcing – an imposed perturbation of the planet's energy balance that would tend to alter global temperature. *El Nino – oceanic oscillation that tends to increase surface temperature * El Nina – oceanic oscillation that decreases surface temperature
 * Warming is real – anthropogenic CO2 overwhelms natural causes**

Global surface temperature in 2012 was +0.56°C (1°F) … the next El Nino phase.

Anderegg et al 10 – PhD Candidate @ Stanford in Biology (William, “Expert credibility in climate change,” National Academy of Sciences, p. 12107-12109)//BB// // Preliminary reviews of scientific literature … forums regarding anthropogenic climate change. //
 * Top climate scientists agree – it’s the most likely risk**

//**Warming is reversible but the brink is now**// // Lemonick, Climate Central, ’12 [Michael D. Lemonick, senior staff writer at Climate Central, a non-profit climate reporting service, and a former senior science writer at Time magazine, 12/21/12, “It’s Not Too Late to Limit Global Temperatures - But Almost,” http://www.climatecentral.org/news/its-not-too-late-to-limit-global-temperatures-but-almost-15397, accessed 12/23/12, JTF] //

For a couple of years now, … it can enter the atmosphere. Wood 10 – PhD in Political Studies @ Queen’s, Professor @ ITAM in Mexico City (Duncan, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, http://www.statealliancepartnership.org/resources_files/USMexico_Cooperation_Renewable_Energies.pdf)//BB//
 * Intergovernmental cooperation is key to North American integration**

//The North American context ¶ The... sector ¶ development of renewable resources //

//**Mexico leadership is key to successful Latin American integration**// // ENS 12 – Environmental News Service// //(“U.S., Canada, Mexico Vow ‘Continental’ Energy Grid,” http://www.reepedia.com/archives/4568)//BB

The leaders of the United States, Mexico... increasing North American energy trade."

Clinton 12 (Hillary Rodham, Former US Secretary of State and Future President of the USA swag, Energy Diplomacy in the 21st Century, Speech Delivered at Georgetown University 10/18/12, http://www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2012/10/199330.htm)//LA//
 * That promotes US energy diplomacy which is key to multilateralism **

//I want to mention one additional... really go hand in hand.//

//**Reliance on unilateralism will collapse US leadership and cause nuclear terrorism, disease, AIDS, poverty, and hunger - extinction**// //**Montalván, 10** - a 17-year veteran of the U.S. Army including multiple combat tours in Iraq, master's of science from Columbia University's Graduate School of Journalism (Luis, “Multilateralism is Essential for Peace in the 21st Century” Huffington Post, 4/23, [])//

// Unilateralism is the wrong approach … rather than divide common ground. //

There is an advantage to //linear// advancements of renewable energy – key to growth
 * Friedman 6-18** – Staff @ Climate Wire (Lisa, “Latin America Enjoys Abundant Renewable Energy but Lacks Policies for Use,” Scientfic American, []

Latin America and the Caribbean ... at a high economic cost.

//***We may read a shorter version of the advantage that ends here – ask before the round***//

Bostrom, philosophy professor, ’11 [Nick Bostrom, Professor in the Faculty of Philosophy & Oxford Martin School, Director of the Future of Humanity Institute, and Director of the Programme on the Impacts of Future Technology at the University of Oxford, recipient of the 2009 Eugene R. Gannon Award for the Continued Pursuit of Human Advancement, holds a Ph.D. in Philosophy from the London School of Economics, 2011, “The Concept of Existential Risk,” Draft of a Paper published on ExistentialRisk.com, http://www.existentialrisk.com/concept.html, Accessed 07-04-2011]
 * Extinction outweighs – math is on our side**

Holding probability constant, risks become … benefit of such an action. [13]  Scorse, International Studies professor, ’10 [Jason, Middlebury College International Studies professor, published October 2010, “What Environmentalists Need to Know About Economics”]
 * You have an obligation to vote aff – extinction is a prior question**

Even though the science now … choosing the proper discount rate. Valsamma, physics professor, ’12 [K.M. Valsamma, Cochin University of Science and Technology physics professor, March 2012, “Prospecting the Future: Meeting the Challenges Posed by Climate Change,” Bonfring International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management Science, Vol. 2, No. 1, http://www.bonfring.org/journals/iems/papers/BIJ-002-1074.pdf, accessed 1/29/13, JTF]
 * Warming outweighs every other impact – history is irrelevant**

The emissions from human activities … //the destruction of natural habitats”.//

Brandenburg, physicist, and Paxson, science writer, ’99 [John Brandenburg, plasma physicist, worked in defense, energy, and space research, visiting Prof. Researcher @ Florida Space Institute, and part of the Clementine Mission to the Moon which discovered water at the Moon's poles; Monica Paxson, Science and environment writer, “Dead Mars, Dying Earth,” pgs. 232-233]
 * Multiple scenarios for extinction**

The ozone hole expands, driven … perhaps a few hardy microbes surviving. Huacuz 5 (Jorge M. Huacuz, PhD @ UC-San Diego in physics, specialist in unconventional energy sources, president of the national association of solar energy in Mexico November 2005 “The road to green power in Mexico – reflections on the prospects for the large-scale and sustainable implementation of renewable energy” Energy Policy 33.16 //JG)// // From the availability, supply and … green power in this sector. //
 * Independently - **
 * Renewables solve water treatment**

//**Clean water scarcity perpetuates the rich poor binary – means disease, poverty, and death**// // Ereklam 09 (Franziska Erklam, Aarhus School of Business, University of Aarhus, Peer reviewed by Academic Supervisor: Christian Bjørnskov, [], “To which extent is water shortage a key ¶ determinant for a retarded economic growth? ¶ A case study of Mexico City”, September 2009, 7/19/13,// CW) Despite institutional efforts, the supply … water in the last decade

__If Earth doesn't do us in, …__ migrated into the New World.
 * Disease means extinction**
 * Discover 2000** (“Twenty Ways the World Could End” by Corey Powell in Discover Magazine, October 2000, http://discovermagazine.com/2000/oct/featworld)

=__1ac econ__=

Atkinson 12 – president of the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, former member of the Congressional Office of Technology Assessment, Vice President of the Progressive Policy Institute, director of its Technology and New Economy Project (Robert, “Does the U.S. Economy Compete with Other Economies?”, 10/22/12; < http://www.innovationfiles.org/does-the-u-s-economy-compete-with-other-economies/>)//Beddow// // As we argue in our … what America is facing today. //
 * Competiveness is declining and that damages the economy **

//** Mexican economy’s low **// // Focus Economics 6/19 (6/19/13, “Economic growth slows down markedly in first quarter”, http://www.focus-economics.com/en/economy/news/Mexico-GDP_Type-Economic_growth_slows_down_markedly_in_first_quarter-2013-06-19)//lm (the country being described is Mexico) In the first quarter, GDP … growth to pick up to 4.0%.

Villarreal 12 (M. Angeles Villarreal, Specialist in International Trade and Finance, 8/9/12, “U.S.-Mexico Economic Relations: Trends, Issues, and Implications”, Congressional Research Service, [|http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL32934.pdf//lm]) Mexico’s long-term economic recovery … company address its major challenges. 42
 * Mexico needs an energy transition to avoid economic collapse **

There is an advantage to //linear// advancements of renewable energy – key to meet demands of a growing economy
 * Friedman 6-18** – Staff @ Climate Wire (Lisa, “Latin America Enjoys Abundant Renewable Energy but Lacks Policies for Use,” Scientfic American, []

//** Engagement is key to competitiveness **// // Noriega and Cardenas 12 – *Former US State Dept Official, **director with Vision Americas**// //**(“An action plan for US policy in the Americas,” December, http://www.aei.org/outlook/foreign-and-defense-policy/regional/latin-america/an-action-plan-for-us-policy-in-the-americas/)**//**BB**
 * //High-level official US engagement// … full advantage of the opportunities .**

Mexican growth is key to the US economy.
 * Marczak 4/18 ­ - director of policy at Americas Society and Council of the Americas, senior editor of the AS/COA policy journal, //Americas Quarterly,// and managing editor of AQ Online (Jason, “Immigration Reform get U.S. in on Mexico’s Boom”, 4/18/13; < http://www.cnn.com/2013/04/18/opinion/marczak-immigration-the-new-mexico>)//Beddow//**
 * //As Congress crafts comprehensive immigration … Pact for Mexico political agreement.//**

// Economic decline breaks down cooperation and leads to war – heg decline, falling trade, rising protectionism, and diversionary tactics. // //Royal 10**– Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction Policy, US-Department of Defense, policy advisor (Jedidiah, “Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal, and Political Perspectives”, pg. 212-214; Print.)//Beddow The counterargument to contagion is … debate and deserves more attention.

=__1ac plan__=


 * The United States federal government should substantially increase its renewable energy assistance economic engagement towards Mexico. **

=__1ac solvency__=

COCEF 12 - La Comisión de Cooperación Ecológica Fronteriza (“Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy and Transportation: Project Opportunities in the U.S. – Mexico Border Region,” http://www.cocef.org/Eng/VLibrary/Publications/SpecialReports/BECC%20WP%20%20Nov%202011%20index.pdf)//BB// //SECTION 4: BECC – THE BORDER TECHNICAL …// assistance// in the focus sectors. //
 * Finally – solvency**
 * BECC is normal means – that quickly facilitates a Mexican green economy **

//**Renewables solve quickly – outside expertise is key**// // Carus 13 - UK journalist, regularly reporting on clean energy policy and finance from California for a global audience// //(Felicity, “Mexico offers tantalising prospect of a dawning major market,” http://www.pv-tech.org/editors_blog/mexico_offers_tantalising_prospect_of_a_dawning_major_market)//BB Solar investors in the US … potential gas pipelines,” said Hanhausen.

--aid is high now, but should be re-oriented towards renewables Hartsoch 11 – MA @ San Jose State, Senior Vice President of Marketing and Sales for SolFocus (Nancy, “A Sunny Future for Border Relations?,” http://breakingenergy.com/2011/05/10/featured-a-sunny-future-for-border-relations/)//BB// // Amidst the darkening cloud of … creating a peaceful, prosperous, cleaner future .//
 * Specifically – the US is key**

//**Engagement inevitable – its only a question of effectiveness**// //**a. TPP**// // Sarukhan 12 (Arturo Sarukhan, Mexican Ambassador to the U.S. since February 2007, “Viewpoints: What Should the Top Priority Be for U.S. – Mexican Relations?” American Society/Council of the Americas, 12/3/12, [|www.as-coa.org/articles/viewpoints-what-should-top-priority-be-us-mexican-relations])// // Over the past two decades, … bilateral efforts toward economic progress. //

//**b. Merida Initiative**// // Janes 13 (Jared Janes, Reporter for The Monitor, 2/4/13, “Cuellar: U.S. aid to Mexico should continue”, http://www.themonitor.com/news/local/article_72349d54-6e60-11e2-898e-001a4bcf6878.html//DH) U.S. aid allocated under the … call the assistance to Mexico.”

Seelke and Finklea 6/12 (Clare Ribando Seelke is a Specialist in Latin American Affairs and Kristin M. Finklea is an Analyst in Domestic Security “U.S.-Mexican Security Cooperation: The Mérida Initiative and Beyond”, June 12, 2013, [], A.S.) Inaugurated on December 1, 2012, Mexican President … placed on ¶ Mérida Initiative funding.
 * c. Funding inevitable**