Bill+&+Rachel

Carbon sequestration is key to averting negative economic consequences of carbon regulations
EPA 10 – US Environmental Protection Agency “Report of the Interagency Task Force on Carbon Capture and Storage,” http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/downloads/CCS-Task-Force-Report-2010.pdf While CCS can be applied … of new technologies for export.

Having coal as a utility option is key – any alternative drastically increases consumer energy costs
Zarraby 12 - chemical engineer for the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, JD expected from GWU in 2012 Cyrus, “Note: Regulating Carbon Capture and Sequestration: A Federal Regulatory Regime to Promote the Construction of a National Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Network,” 80 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 950, Lexis In the United States, coal-… // costs // associated with electricity generation.

This collapses all major sectors of the economy
Rose and Wei 6 - * Professor of Energy, Environmental and Regional Economics, **Graduate Assistant in the Department of Geography at the Pennsylvania State University Adam and Dan, “The Economic Impacts of Coal Utilization and Displacement in the Continental United States, 2015,” http://www.americaspower.org/sites/all/themes/americaspower/images/pdf/penn-state-study.pdf We performed our analysis with … " // multiplier // " effects throughout the U.S. economy.

Nuclear war
Harris and Burrows 9 Mathew, PhD European History @ Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer is a member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis” [] Increased Potential for Global Conflict Of course, the report encompasses … a more dog-eat-dog world.

Independently, the plan is a key fiscal stimulus
ACCCE 11 American Coalition for Clean Coal Energy, “American Coalition for Clean Coal Electricity,” http://www.compasscoal.com/blog/ The United States continues to … // every dollar // the government invests.

That’s key to faster growth
Applebaum 12 - *PhD, Professor @ Rutgers, senior economist at the Center for Economic and Policy Research Eileen, 4-27, “Blame Budget Austerity for Poor GDP Growth,” http://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/economic-intelligence/2012/04/27/blame-budget-austerity-for-poor-gdp-growth As the Obama administration's 2009 stimulus …. It // should not choose // austerity.

Even absent a recession, slow growth leads to global wars
Khalilzad 11 – PhD, Former Professor of Political Science @ Columbia, Former ambassador to Iraq and Afghanistan Zalmay Khalilzad was the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush and the director of policy planning at the Defense Department from 1990 to 1992. "The Economy and National Security" Feb 8 www.nationalreview.com/blogs/print/259024 Today, economic and fiscal trends … aggressive moves in their regions.

Chinese natural gas demand is projected to increase exponentially

 * Yan 11 ** (Zhou, “China's natural gas imports expected to increase” China Daily, December 12 2011, [] )//MR


 * __ China's reliance on natural gas __****__ … 115.9 billion cu m __**, the NDRC said.

Prioritizing carbon infrastructure ends the shift to natural gas
Matthew, “Crossing the Natural Gas Bridge,” CSIS, http://csis.org/files/attachments/090624_Crossing_Bridge.pdf
 * Frank et al 9 ** - research associate in the CSIS Energy and National Security Program


 * __ Aggressive action on __** renewables, efficiency, **__…__** and effectiveness of energy R&D spending.

That’s modeled internationally
(Interdisciplinary Study, The Future of Coal, http://web.mit.edu/coal/) According to Dr. Deutch, "As the … systems should be greatly enhanced.
 * MIT 7 **

Coal is key to energy security

 * CAT 7 ** (“Viewpoint: Perspectives on Modern Mining” Caterpillar Global Mining, 2007, http://mining.cat.com/cda/files/2785323/7/Coal_Eng.pdf)//MR


 * __ As countries grow increasingly dependent … __** produce the fuels it needed.

Chinese natural gas demands strengthen the Sino-Russian alliance and undermine US-China energy cooperation

 * Medlock et al. 11 ** – Kenneth B. Medlock III, Ph.D., James A. Baker III and Susan G. Baker Fellow in Energy and Resource Economics; Amy Myers Jaffe, Wallace S. Wilson Fellow in Energy Studies, Peter R. Hartley, Ph.D., Rice Scholar, James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy, and George and Cynthia Mitchell Professor of Economics, Rice University (“Shale Gas and U.S. National Security” James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, July 2011, [] )//MR


 * __ Under all scenarios, China becomes a … to U.S. allies in the region. __**

Russia-China military alliance causes war with the US
(Stephen Blank, Research Professor of National Security Affairs at the Strategic Studies Institute of the U.S. Army War College, March 2009, “Russia And Arms Control: Are There Opportunities For The Obama Administration?,” online: [] )
 * Blank 9 **

Consequently**, __the danger is__** that … a regime crisis in the DPRK.

Energy cooperation is key to US-China relations

 * BBC 11 ** (“China, USA discuss future energy cooperation” BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, 19 January 2011, [] )//MR

Constructive **__cooperation between China and …__** Group chairman Wang Yusuo said.

US China relations solve global nuclear war and extinction

 * Wittner 11 ** —emeritus professor of history at SUNY (Lawrence, pg. 11/28/11 http://www.huntingtonnews.net/14446)//MR

But what would that “victory” … **__working to encourage these policies.__**

Global warming is real and human induced – top climate scientists agree
Anderegg et al 10 – PhD Candidate @ Stanford in Biology William, “Expert credibility in climate change,” National Academy of Sciences, p. 12107-12109 Preliminary reviews of scientific literature … forums regarding anthropogenic climate change.

C02 is the cause of warming- Recent methods prove
(http://www.olcf.ornl.gov/2012/04/04/carbon-dioxide-caused-global-warming-at-ice-ages-end-pioneering-simulation-shows/) Climate science has an equivalent … also essential to this work.
 * Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility, April 4, 2012 **

Warming is an existential risk – //__…__// is key to avoiding extinction
Mazo 10 – PhD in Paleoclimatology from UCLA Jeffrey Mazo, Managing Editor, Survival and Research Fellow for Environmental Security and Science Policy at the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London, 3-2010, “Climate Conflict: How global warming threatens security and what to do about it,” pg. 122 The best estimates for global … social, cultural and political changes.

CO2 causes extinction- ocean accidification
Joe Romm 12 is a Fellow at American Progress and is the editor of Climate Progress, “Science: Ocean Acidifying So Fast It Threatens Humanity’s Ability to Feed Itself,” 3/2/ ** 2012 **, http://thinkprogress.org/romm/2012/03/02/436193/science-ocean-acidifying-so-fast-it-threatens-humanity-ability-to-feed-itself/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+climateprogre

The world’s oceans may be … for reef and shell-building.

Emissions are reversible but the window is closing.
Fiona ** Harvey ** is an environmental correspondent for Guardian, “World headed for irreversible climate change in five years, IEA warns,” 11/9/ ** 2011 **, http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2011/nov/09/fossil-fuel-infrastructure-climate-change

__ The world is likely to … __ be closed forever," said Birol.

Carbon sequestration is key
Mack and Endemann 10 - *partner in the Houston office and global Chair of the Environmental Transactional Support Practice, provides over 25 years of experience advising on the transactional, environmental and regulatory issues associated with all sectors of the oil and gas industry, power (including both fossil and renewable energy), mining and chemical industries in the United States and abroad, in addition to the development, financing and entitlements for telecommunications and other industrial and public infrastructure facilities in the United States and offshore, **JD, Faculty @ USD Law, provides comprehensive environmental counseling on energy and infrastructure projects, and represents clients in related litigation Joel and Buck, “Making carbon dioxide sequestration feasible: Toward federal regulation of CO2 sequestration pipelines,” Energy Policy, http://lw.com/upload/pubContent/_pdf/pub3385_1.pdf At present, approximately 50% of the … // impact //// s // from global climate change. 8

CCS solves and immediate action is necessary
Rogers 7 - *CEO of Duke Energy James, “SENATE ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC WORKS COMMITTEE,” http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Files.View&FileStore_id=96b0a903-32fc-47f8-9a36-b4ddd9805e2b Carbon capture and storage (CCS) … // deal // more attention and resources.

CCS creates the //__ultimate backstop__// … – allows for indirect air removal
Mills 11 - *MSc in Geological Sciences @ Cambridge Robin, “Capturing Carbon: The New Weapon in the War Against Climate Change,” Google Book

Indirect capture is therefore the … to this issue in Chapter 6.

CCS is a //__critical bridge__// to a … broader portfolio of sustainable energy
Forbes et al 8 - senior associate at the World Resources Institute, former member of the National Energy Technology Laboratory Sarah, CCS Guidelines: Guidelines for Carbon Dioxide Capture, Transport, and Storage, World Resources Institute, http://pdf.wri.org/ccs_guidelines.pdf Scenarios for stabilizing climate-forcing … a // bridge // to a sustainable energy future.

Only the plan is modeled – BRIC countries won’t cut emissions unless they can avoid economic cost
Apt et al 7 – PhD in Physics @ MIT, Professor of Technology, Tepper School of Business and Engineering and Public Policy Jay, “Incentives for Near-Term Carbon Dioxide Geological Sequestration,” Carnegie Mellon, http://wpweb2.tepper.cmu.edu/ceic/pdfs_other/Incentives_for_Near-Term_Carbon_Dioxide_Geological_Sequestration.pdf The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate … are shown in figure 28 below.

Carbon regulation is coming and CCS technology is advancing – facilitating regulated transportation infrastructure is key to jump-starting the commercial industry
Zarraby 12 - chemical engineer for the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, JD expected from GWU in 2012Cyrus, “Note: Regulating Carbon Capture and Sequestration: A Federal Regulatory Regime to Promote the Construction of a National Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Network,” 80 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 950, Lexis Rising food prices, 1 mass migration, 2 … the construction of new CO<2> pipelines. 17

Its reverse causal – federal //__inaction__// … deters private investment in CCS
Zarraby 12- chemical engineer for the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, JD expected from GWU in 2012Cyrus, “Note: Regulating Carbon Capture and Sequestration: A Federal Regulatory Regime to Promote the Construction of a National Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Network,” 80 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 950, Lexis

C. Carbon Capture and Sequestration - … that would // limit // private investment. 88

The //__entire project__// depends on a … national network for pipeline infrastructure
IRGC 8 International Risk Governance Council, “Regulation of Carbon Capture and Storage,” http://www.irgc.org/IMG/pdf/Policy_Brief_CCS.pdf Large-scale CCS deployment // cannot … // structure of the CCS industry.

The federal government is key
-eminent domain, single regulator, … CCS investment and //__guarantees__// uniformity Horne 10 – JD @ U of Utah Jennifer, “Getting from Here to There: Devising an Optimal Regulatory Model for CO<2> Transport in a New Carbon Capture and Sequestration Industry,” 30 J. Land Resources & Envtl. L. 357, Lexis Siting regulations affect companies' ability … will be far more workable.

Solves quickly – can begin capture immediately and sequestration is currently economical
Miller et al 9 – PhD, Associate Director, Energy Institute Senior Research Associate Energy Fuels Bruce, “Eliminating CO2 Emissions from Coal-Fired Power Plants,” in Generating Electricity in a Carbon-Constrained World, Google Book Underground injection of CO2 is … be decarbonized in a similar manner.

CCS is technologically viable – plan is key
EPA 10 “Report of the Interagency Task Force on Carbon Capture and Storage,” http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/downloads/CCS-Task-Force-Report-2010.pdf The Federal government is already …, consistent with addressing market failures.


 * No leaks—existing tech proves **
 * Hill 12 ** – Ph.D. Senior Scientist / Geologist (Bruce, “Seismic Risk Won’t Threaten the Viability of Geologic Carbon Storage” Clean Air Task Force, June 20 2012, [|http://www.catf.us/blogs/ahead/2012/06/20/seismic-risk-wont-threaten-the-viability-of-geologic-carbon-storage/#more-457] )//MR

What the article does not … Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies).