Brendan+and+Jonah

**Past 2nrs:** Terror DA, Psychoanalysis K, Politics DA, 2-part Zero Days Adv. CP and Cyberdeterrence DA, Heg Bad.
=1AC Religion=

The Courts' continued deference to FBI surveillance enshrines the state secrets privilege, shreds judicial legitimacy and undermines its role as an independent institution
On Tuesday, August 14, a federal judge issued a disturbing ruling allowing the AND judges must rediscover the independence that once made them guardians of the Constitution.
 * Buttar, 12** —- constitutional lawyer, executive director of the Bill of Rights Defense Committee, previously directed a national program to combat racial and religious profiling, J.D. from Stanford Law School, (8/16/2012, Shahid, "Fazaga v. FBI: Eroding democracy, in two dimensions at once," http://www.bordc.org/blog/fazaga-v-fbi-eroding-democracy-two-dimensions-once, JMP)

Democratic transitions are coming now but will fail absent Supreme Court leadership
[07/15/11, Ryan Suto is a Research Associate at Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy, has degrees in degrees in law, post-conflict reconstruction, international relations and public relations from Syracuse Law, "Judicial Diplomacy: The International Impact of the Supreme Court", http://jurist.org/dateline/2011/07/ryan-suto-judicial-diplomacy.php] The Court is certainly the best institution to explain to scholars, governments, lawyers AND key legal concepts. This is an opportunity that should not be wasted.
 * Suto 11, Research Associate at Tahrir Institute and J.D.**

Democracy prevents global wars
[Bob. Senior Fellow for Foreign Policy at Brookings. "Is Democracy in Decline? The Weight of Geopolitics" 1/25/15 http://www.brookings.edu/research/articles/2015/01/democracy-in-decline-weight-of-geopolitics-kagan //GBS-JV] Diamond and others have noted how important it was that these "global democratic norms AND neighbors was due to U.S. actions after World War II.
 * Kagan '15**

Our impact's reverse-causal and NOT inevitable – democracy must be constantly reaffirmed to prevent backsliding
[Bob. Senior Fellow for Foreign Policy at Brookings. "Is Democracy in Decline? The Weight of Geopolitics" 1/25/15 http://www.brookings.edu/research/articles/2015/01/democracy-in-decline-weight-of-geopolitics-kagan //GBS-JV] But even in regions where democracies remain strong, authoritarians have been able to make AND and the weeds may sooner or later come back to reclaim the land.
 * Kagan '15**

The most recent DOJ Guidance for Federal Law Enforcement Agencies still fuels surveillance of racial, ethnic, and religious communities without any connection to criminal activity
Dear Mr. President, On behalf of The Leadership Conference on Civil and AND practice violates the stated goals of the Guidance and end this discriminatory practice.
 * The Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights, 15** (2/24/15, The Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights, "Re: Concerns with the U.S. Department of Justice Guidance for Federal Law Enforcement Agencies Regarding the Use of Race, Ethnicity, Gender, National Origin, Religion, Sexual Orientation, or Gender Identity," http://www.cair.com/images/pdf/2015-02-24-TheLeadershipConferenceSign-OnLetterReDOJGuidanceRevisions.pdf, JZG + JMP)

====This FBI surveillance without reasonable suspicion sends chills through Muslim communities, deters cooperation with law enforcement and undermines anti-terror efforts. This counter-terror strategy is being exported to other countries.==== Adel Daoud is no Ferris Bueller. A Chicago suburban teen, he couldn't AND S. exports these terrorism tactics, it should reckon with their costs.
 * Shah, 14** —- legislative counsel at the ACLU's Washington legislative office (7/21/2014, Naureen, "The FBI's counterterrorism sting operations are counterproductive; Feds sow mistrust and target the poor, desperate and mentally ill," http://america.aljazeera.com/opinions/2014/7/fbi-sting-operationscounterterrorismadeldaoud.html, JMP)

Independently, ending government surveillance programs will allow community based intervention programs to flourish —- this is the best way to resolve the root of extremism
B. Muslim American Community-Based Intervention Programs The final proposition involves controversial AND those fundamental rights that have been pushed aside out of misunderstanding and fear.
 * Shahabuddin 15**—editor in chief of the Chapman Law Review- (Spring, 2015, Madiha, ""The More Muslim You Are, the More Trouble You Can Be": n1 How Government Surveillance of Muslim Americans n2 Violates First Amendment Rights," Chapman Law Review, Lexis. WM)

Ending FEDERAL surveillance policies will spur a shift away from "intelligence-led policing" —- spurs greater legitimacy for police at all levels and leads to more productive community cooperation

 * Dubal, 12** —-attorney and PhD candidate in Jurisprudence and Social Policy at UC Berkely (2012, Veena, Asian American Law Journal, "The Demise of Community Policing? The Impact of Post-9/11 Federal Surveillance Programs on Local Law Enforcement," 19 Asian Am. L.J. 35, Lexis)//Jmoney

Police reformation over the past thirty years has been primarily guided by the philosophy AND current federal initiatives will only undermine, rather than further, their mission.

Now is critical —- a wave of attacks is possible and current surveillance policies will fail. Only ensuring the implementation of the CVE strategy can prevent them.
This week's calls by ISIS on social media for lone-wolf terrorist attacks outside AND incipient at risk individuals and to develop other, earlier forms of intervention.
 * Cohen & Farmer, 15** —- *former Acting Undersecretary for Intelligence and Analysis and Counter-Terrorism coordinator at the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, AND **former senior counsel for the 9/11 Commission (6/19/2015, John & John —- both serve on the faculty of Rutgers University's Faith-Based Communities Security Program at the Institute for Emergency Preparedness and Homeland Security, "As terrorist threat changes, so should ways we combat it," http://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/homeland-security/245478-as-terrorist-threat-changes-so-should-ways-we-combat-it, JMP)

====Failure to resolve the trust deficit caused by surveillance policy will undermine the implementation of the CVE program —- it's necessary to prevent U.S. youth from joining ISIS and returning home to carry out terrorist attacks==== DUBLIN, Ohio — In this central Ohio town, parents and community leaders are AND federal effort, but clearly embittered by their past experiences with the government.
 * Schmitt, 14** (10/5/2014, Eric, 2 time Pulitzer prize winner, "U.S. Is Trying to Counter ISIS's Efforts to Lure Alienated Young Muslims," Lexis, JMP)

====The plan will rebuild relations with Muslim communities and alleviate the fear surrounding terrorism investigations involving informants. The intel that is collected from current surveillance strategies is useless —- the FBI uses this policy to manufacture terror plots.==== C. Terrorism Informants' Presence in Muslim and Middle Eastern Communities Damages Intelligence Efforts
 * Stabile, 14** —- J.D., University of California, Berkeley, School of Law, 2013 (February 2014, Emily, California Law Review, "Recruiting Terrorism Informants: The Problems with Immigration Incentives and the S-6 Visa," 102 Calif. L. Rev. 235, Lexis, JMP)

AND is going on in their community and can more accurately spot genuine threats.

Lone wolf attack coming risks extinction
Emerging CBRN Technologies and Super-Empowered AND autonomous cells who are as interested in getting noticed as in causing casualties.
 * Ackerman and Pinson 13** [ Gary - Gary Ackerman is the Director of the Unconventional Weapons and Technology Division of START, where he manages large research projects, explores new avenues for research and establishes collaborative research relationships. Prior to taking up his current positions, Ackerman held the posts of Research Director and then Special Projects Director at START and the Director of the Center for Terrorism and Intelligence Studies, a private research and analysis institute. He has also served as the Director of the Weapons of Mass Destruction Terrorism Research Program at the Center for Nonproliferation Studies in Monterey, Calif. Lauren - Senior Researcher and Project Manager for the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses of Terrorism (START), a U.S. Department of Homeland Security Center of Excellence. She primarily investigates and analyzes non-state lone actors and organizations that pursue or use chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) weapons and technologies. "An Army of One: Assessing CBRN Pursuit and Use by Lone Wolves and Autonomous Cells", Terrorism and Political Violence Volume 26, Issue 1, 2014, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09546553.2014.849945] Schuler17
 * We don't endorse the gendered language**

Terrorist attacks will escalate and kills billions
Technology contains no inherent moral directive—it empowers people, whatever their intent, AND , and bombings in major cities. Strategic objectives cannot be far behind.
 * Myhrvold 2014** (Nathan P [chief executive and founder of Intellectual Ventures and a former chief technology officer at Microsoft]; Strategic Terrorism: A Call to Action; cco.dodlive.mil/files/2014/04/Strategic_Terrorism_corrected_II.pdf; kdf)

Applying the first amendment to government surveillance will prevent use of informants —— forces government to demonstrate reasonable suspicion
C. The Right to Associate Requires an "Adequate Foundation" for a Government AND a terrorist threat. The First Amendment is the anti-Peter King.
 * Smith 12** —- Equal Justice AmeriCorps Legal Fellow, Inner City Law Center, Homeless Veterans Project; J.D. U.C.L.A. School of Law, David J. Epstein Program in Public Interest Law and Policy (David, UCLA Journal of Islamic and Near Eastern Law, "PRESUMED SUSPECT: POST-9/11 INTELLIGENCE GATHERING, RACE, AND THE FIRST AMENDMENT", 11 UCLA J. Islamic & Near E.L. 85, Lexis)//Jmoney

Court based solutions are the best way to protect minorities from discriminatory surveillance
V. The Judicial Response to the Digitally Efficient Investigative Stat Given the ominous implications AND with law enforcement sufficient to transform that private party into a state actor.
 * Rushin, 11** —- PhD student at the University of California, Berkeley, Jurisprudence and Social Policy Program (Fall 2011, Stephen, University of Illinois Journal of Law, Technology & Policy, "THE JUDICIAL RESPONSE TO MASS POLICE SURVEILLANCE," 2011 U. Ill. J.L. Tech. & Pol'y 281, Lexis,)//Mnush

External judicial review checks circumvention —- agencies behave differently when under inspection and executive will follow
2. External Checks. – Agencies are strategic actors, and they are AND . n384 The interrelationship between administrative law and criminal procedure warrants further exploration.
 * Renan 15** —- Alexander Fellow, New York University School of Law; formerly Attorney Advisor, Office of Legal Counsel, and Counsel, Office of the Deputy Attorney General (Daphna, "POOLING POWERS", Columbia Law Review, 115 Colum. L. Rev. 211, Lexis)//Jmoney

The plan solves – judiciary can check surveillance and bring U.S. law into line with domestic and international precedent
In my view, this judicial regulation recognizes both the potential harms and benefits of AND best-positioned actor to address the issues implicated by mass data collection.
 * Rushin, 11** —- PhD student at the University of California, Berkeley, Jurisprudence and Social Policy Program (Fall 2011, Stephen, University of Illinois Journal of Law, Technology & Policy, "THE JUDICIAL RESPONSE TO MASS POLICE SURVEILLANCE," 2011 U. Ill. J.L. Tech. & Pol'y 281, Lexis,)//Mnush

=1AC=

Islamophobia
Death came instantly to Imam Luqman, as four FBI agents fired semiautomatic rifles from AND more anxious about Muslim Americans being terrorists than they had been before. 16
 * ====Domestic surveillance is a militarized, extrajudicial tool used to target Muslims and black people birthed from COINTELPRO. ====**
 * Kundnani, 15**—Arun, Professor of Terror Studies and Media @ NYU & John Jay College, formerly a Fellow @ Leiden U (Netherlands), an Open Society Fellow, and Editor of Race and Class. The Muslims are Coming! Islamophobia, Extremism and the Domestic War on Terror, p. 1-5 –BR

These constructions create a broader state of violence against bodies of color —- this manifests in xenophobic profiling
[Spring 2003, Adrien Katherine Wing is a Bessie Dutton Murray Distinguished Professor of Law at the University of Iowa College of Law. A.B. Princeton, 1978; M.A. UCLA, 1979; J.D. Stanford, 1982. This paper was presented at the Civil Rights symposium of the Louisiana State"Civil Rights in the Post 911 World: Critical Race Praxis, Coalition Building, and the War on Terrorism", http://digitalcommons.law.lsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5987&context=lalrev&sei-redir=1&referer=http%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.com%2Fscholar%3Fq%3Dguantanamo%2B%2522critical%2Brace%2Btheory%2522%26btnG%3D%26hl%3Den%26as_sdt%3D0%252C5%26as_vis%3D1#search=%22guantanamo%20critical%20race%20theory%22, 63 La. L. Rev. (2003)] To illustrate how race can be socially constructed, I will use myself as an AND of 120,000 Japanese and Japanese Americans in World War II.9
 * Wing 3, Bessie Dutton Murray Distinguished Professor of Law**

Religious profiling of Muslims must be rejected – regardless of the circumstances
2. "Profiling" of Muslims Does the F.B.I AND the First Amendment, but suppression of evidence is an unlikely remedy. n203
 * Lininger, 4** – Assistant Professor at the University of Oregon School of Law (Tom Lininger, 89 Iowa L. Rev. 1201, "Sects, Lies, and Videotape: The Surveillance and Infiltration of Religious Groups," April 2004, Lexis, *fc)

As scholars such as Eqbal Ahmad pointed out even before the war on terror, AND call extremism is to a large degree a product of their own wars.
 * ====Islamophobic policies mask the worst forms of ongoing structural violence—The characterization of Muslims as inherently violent is used to excuse mass Western violence—challenging it independently exposes the structural violence of invasive state control and racism ====**
 * Kundnani, 15**—Arun, Professor of Terror Studies and Media @ NYU & John Jay College, formerly a Fellow @ Leiden U (Netherlands), an Open Society Fellow, and Editor of Race and Class. The Muslims are Coming! Islamophobia, Extremism and the Domestic War on Terror, p. 21-25 –BR

====Islamophobia shapes US imperialist foreign policy—notions of western superiority are a critical tool to drum up support for militaristic and elitist interventions, creating a global order of inequality and destructiveness.==== [09/11/13, Deepa Kumar is an Associate Professor of Media Studies and Middle Eastern Studies at the Rutgers University. She is the author of Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire and Outside the Box: Corporate Media, Globalization, and the UPS Strike being interviewed by Jessica Desvarieux, The Real News Network, "Twelve Years Post 9/11, Islamophobia Still Runs High", http://truth-out.org/video/item/18759-twelve-years-post-9-11-islamophobia-still-runs-high] KUMAR: Absolutely not. I think it is true that larger numbers of conservative AND Americans and people who look Muslim have been demonized since 9/11.
 * Kumar 13**

Not voting affirmative condones the government's warped utilitarian calculations where security concerns triumph over individuals
I. Introduction Now there's a new reason to mind your manners in church AND infiltrated mosques in the United States, but also in foreign countries. n18
 * Lininger, 4** – Assistant Professor at the University of Oregon School of Law (Tom Lininger, 89 Iowa L. Rev. 1201, "Sects, Lies, and Videotape: The Surveillance and Infiltration of Religious Groups," April 2004, Lexis, *fc)

====The popular conception of surveillance focuses on a series of wires, but violence against minority and anti-racist political activists goes deeper—this surveillance tactic has been used to disrupt challengers of institutionalized racism since the rise of COINTELPRO.==== Two main modes of thinking pervade the war on terror, one predominantly among conservatives AND recent years is the best approach to reducing so-called jihadist terrorism.
 * Kundnani, 15**—Arun, Professor of Terror Studies and Media @ NYU & John Jay College, formerly a Fellow @ Leiden U (Netherlands), an Open Society Fellow, and Editor of Race and Class. The Muslims are Coming! Islamophobia, Extremism and the Domestic War on Terror, p. 10-15 –BR

====Any change short the plan will spillover and stifle ALL radical resistance and eviscerate freedom of speech forever—- prefer this under all utilitarian and deontological framework. Empirics prove that judges actions lead to social change==== Burkhart, et. al, 7 (2007, Laurie Burkhart, Michael Haubert, and Damon Thorley, "The Efect of Government Surveillance on Social Progress," in Confronting Information Ethics in the New Millennium, http://www.ethicapublishing.com/5CH1.htm, JMP) The Chilling Effect In United States law, the "chilling effect" refers AND freedom of speech and the power of the people will be lost forever.

The plan prevents the government from policing Muslim identity—that spills over to social control of other communities
Akbar, 13 (Amna, law prof at Ohio State University. "Policing 'Radicalization.'" December 2013. Volume 3, Irvine Law Review. http://scholarship.law.uci.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1101&context=ucilr&sei-redir=1&referer=https%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.com%2Fscholar%3Fhl%3Den%26q%3D%2522domain%2Bmanagement%2522%2BAND%2B%2522racial%2Bprofiling%2522%26btnG%3D%26as_sdt%3D1%252C23%26as_sdtp%3D#search=%22domain%20management%20racial%20profiling%22)//CB CONCLUSION Policing radicalization exacts impossible pressures and real harms on Muslim communities. The AND and lay the groundwork for the state to police other subaltern communities.298

====Engaging the state and changing policy builds upon current government efforts to self-reform and ensures law enforcement stops racial profiling on minorities— disengaging the state is ineffective and cedes the political to further allow dehumanization of not just Muslims, but all minorities==== Office of the House of Representative Keith Ellison, U.S Government has issued AND governed, writing the history of that power has never been more urgent.
 * Ellison, 14** (12/11/2014, Rep. Keith Ellison (D-MN), US Official News, "Rep. Ellison Testifies in Senate Hearing on Civil and Human Rights," Lexis, JMP)

Applying the first amendment to government surveillance will prevent use of informants —— forces government to demonstrate reasonable suspicion
C. The Right to Associate Requires an "Adequate Foundation" for a Government AND a terrorist threat. The First Amendment is the anti-Peter King.
 * Smith 12** —- Equal Justice AmeriCorps Legal Fellow, Inner City Law Center, Homeless Veterans Project; J.D. U.C.L.A. School of Law, David J. Epstein Program in Public Interest Law and Policy (David, UCLA Journal of Islamic and Near Eastern Law, "PRESUMED SUSPECT: POST-9/11 INTELLIGENCE GATHERING, RACE, AND THE FIRST AMENDMENT", 11 UCLA J. Islamic & Near E.L. 85, Lexis)//Jmoney

The FBI is currently prohibiting the exercise of first amendment protest creating a chilling effect on grass root orgainzations' mobilization
http://www.alternet.org/fbis-response-another-killer-cop-set-free-more-surveillance-blacklivesmatter] The FBI's Response To Another Killer Cop Set Free? More Surveillance of Protestors FBI AND right to protest those violations against a proven, unnecessarily violent police force.
 * STEPHAN 15** [**writer, artist, activist, and organizer in NYC "The FBI's Response To Another Killer Cop Set Free? More Surveillance of Protestors; May 24; FBI gives ominous press conference detailing their monitoring of #BlackLivesMatter; ALTERNET.ORG**