Michael+and+Sage

=Previous 2NR= Psychoanalysis, T Domestic = US Persons, T Curtail = Abolish, Enforcement Cp, Brazil CPP, CRT, Framework, Rights Malthus, McNeal Cp, Circumvention, Ptx = Iran, Neolib, = = =1AC =====
 * 1=

=Cartels= = = = =

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US-Mexico border enforcement drives immigrants to smugglers—-this generates significant profit for violent cartels====**==== (Alex, "Immigration Enforcement Aids Smugglers – Unaccompanied Children Edition," http://www.cato.org/blog/immigration-enforcement-aids-smugglers-unaccompanied-children-edition)//BB The increase of human smugglers transporting unauthorized immigrants to the United States is likely a AND demand for smuggling is the result of larger and more effective border enforcement.
 * Nowraseteh 14** – MS @ London School of Economics, immigration policy analyst at the Cato Institute's Center for Global Liberty and Prosperity

**
Limiting smuggling revenue solves cartel violence ====**==== (Colby, "Re: FORCOMMENT- Cartels and Human Smuggling/Trafficking," published on wikileaks, https://wikileaks.org/gifiles/docs/49/4971351_re-forcomment-cartels-and-human-smuggling-trafficking-.html)//BB The cartel war currently underway in Mexico has forced Mexican cartels∂ to look for AND , cartels will be willing to take them, for a∂ price.
 * Martin 11** – Technical Analyst @ Stratfor

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Independently, US border surveillance causes cartel competition over trafficking routes—-the impact is escalating violence====**==== (Tom, "Policy on the Edge: Failures of Border Security and New Directions for Border Control," Center for Int'l Policy, http://www.ciponline.org/research/html/failures-of-border-security-and-new-directions-for-border-control)//BB The exact correlation and configuration of forces responsible for the drug-related and organized AND organizations and gangs as they both struggle to maintain markets and trafficking corridors.
 * Barry 11** – Senior Policy Analyst @ CIP, authored or co-authored more than twenty books on Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, food aid, the United Nations, free trade and U.S. foreign policy

**
Cartel violence causes Mexican collapse, terror attack on US homeland, and US Military response====**==== (Stephen, "Strategic Horizons: All Options Bad If Mexico's Drug Violence Expands to U.S.," February 19, www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/13576/strategic-horizons-all-options-bad-if-mexico-s-drug-violence-expands-to-u-s) Over the past few decades, violence in Mexico has reached horrific levels, claiming AND the world. Quite simply, every available strategic option would be disastrous.
 * Metz 14** - Defense Analyst and author of "Iraq and the Evolution of American Strategy"

**
That undermines US power projection ====**==== (Robert, This Week at War: If Mexico Is at War, Does America Have to Win It?, Sept 10, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/09/10/this_week_at_war_if_mexico_is_at_war_does_america_have_to_win_it) While answering a question on Mexico this week at the Council on Foreign Relations, AND recently learned about insurgencies to stop this one from getting out of control.
 * Haddick 10** – Managing Editor of the Small Wars Journal

**
Heg prevents great-power war====**==== (Zach, "America's Relative Decline: Should We Panic? The end of the unipolar era will create new dangers that the world mustn't overlook," 1-24-14, http://thediplomat.com/2014/01/americas-relative-decline-should-we-panic/) Still, China's relative rise and the United States' relative decline carries significant risks, AND powers, this will only further dampen the prospects for effective global governance.
 * Keck 14** – the Assistant Editor at The Diplomat, a researcher at the Middle East Desk at Wikistrat, and an M.A. candidate in the Department of Public and International Affairs at George Mason University. Former Deputy Editor at e-International Relations; a foreign policy reporter at the Washington, D.C. edition of Examiner.com, a Joseph S. Nye, Jr. National Security Research Intern at the Center for a New American Security, a Research Assistant at the Center for Research, Regional Education and Outreach,

=Wages= = = = =

Advantage two is wages
= =

**
Border surveillance creates perceived danger for migrants—-that promotes permanent residence in the US ====**==== (Calynn, "DIVIDING THE SKY: THE FORTIFICATION OF THE U.S.-MEXICO BORDER," The Migrationist, http://themigrationist.net/2013/05/24/dividing-the-sky-the-fortification-of-the-u-s-mexico-border/)//BB A Brief Overview of U.S. Border Fortification In 1993, the AND combined, its total spending estimated at over $18 billion a year.
 * Dowler 13** – PhD in Anthropology @ Boston U

**
Permanent migration collapses wages—-the plan eliminates the dual labor market and causes a resource shift to enforcement of labor laws====**==== (Kevin, "LAW AND THE BORDER: Open Borders?," 51 UCLA L. Rev. 193, Lexis)//BB Moreover, beyond its dubious morality, the use of law to assist in the AND on account of immigration status, open borders would further national labor policy.
 * Johnson 3** – JD @ Harvard, Associate Dean for Academic Affairs, University of California at Davis, Professor of Law and Chicana/o Studies; Director, Chicana/o Studies Program

**
Wage depression collapses the US economy====**==== (Victoria, "Wages Haven't Been This Crucial to U.S. Economy in Half Century," http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-03-20/wages-haven-t-been-this-crucial-to-u-s-economy-in-half-century)//BB When it comes to U.S. economic growth, wages may never have AND reached a peak of $99 billion in the second quarter of 2006.
 * Stilwell 15** – Reporter @ Bloomberg Business

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The multiplier effect is significant====**==== (Pedro, "How Higher Wages Can Be Boon Rather Than Cost to Business," http://blogs.wsj.com/economics/2015/01/13/how-higher-wages-can-be-boon-rather-than-cost-to-business/)//BB Better-paid workers are healthier and more productive.∂ That's among the findings of AND 7% in December from a year earlier, barely ahead of inflation.
 * da Costa 15** – MA in IR @ UC-San Diego, Federal Reserve and Economics Reporter at The Wall Street Journal

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US economic decline goes global, wage growth is key and BRIC countries can't fill in====**==== (Rich, "U.S. Retakes the Helm of the Global Economy," Bloomberg, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-01-09/u-s-retakes-the-helm-of-the-global-economy)//BB The U.S. is back in the driver's seat of the global economy AND a Bloomberg View columnist and former chairman of Goldman Sachs Asset Management International.
 * Miller 15** – Bloomberg reporter

**
Economic decline causes nuclear terrorism, proliferation, and war====**==== (Geoffrey, "The East Moves West: India, China, and Asia's Growing Presence in the Middle East," p. 233-4)//BB The second scenario, called Mayhem and Chaos, is the opposite of the first AND expected, with dire consequences for two-thirds of the planet's population.
 * Kemp 10** – Director of Regional Strategic Programs at The Nixon Center, served in the White House under Ronald Reagan, special assistant to the president for national security affairs and senior director for Near East and South Asian affairs on the National Security Council Staff, Former Director, Middle East Arms Control Project at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

**
Robust studies prove ====**==== (Jedidiah, "Economic Integration, Economic Signalling and the Problem of Economic Crises", chapter in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215)//BB First, on the systemic level, Pollins (2008) advances Modelski and Thompson's AND popularity, are statistically linked to an increase in the use of force.
 * Royal 10** – Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the US Department of Defense

=**==Plan==**= = = = = =**====Thus the plan: The United States federal government should curtail its domestic immigration surveillance at the US-Mexico border.====**= = = = = =Solvency=

**
Border surveillance is increasing—-it's the heart of immigration enforcement====**==== (Anil, "IMMIGRATION SURVEILLANCE," 74 Md. L. Rev. 1)//BB B. Immigration Enforcement as Immigration Surveillance These four sets of migration and mobility AND immigration reform proposals in Congress would significantly build upon these recent expansions. 168
 * Kalhan 14** – Associate Professor of Law, Drexel University. A.B., Brown University; M.P.P.M., Yale School of Management; J.D., Yale Law School

**
Immigration surveillance is an outright failure at deterring entry—-but it does shape migration patterns—-this sustains cartel revenue and creates a dual labor market that depresses US wages====**==== (Raul, "THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF IMMIGRATION ENFORCEMENT," Baker Institute)//BB The Unintended Consequences of Border Enforcement While enforcement-only border policies have not AND as well, in order to benefit from the same cost savings.16
 * Hinojosa -Ojeda 13** – ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, CHICANA AND CHICANO STUDIES

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Opening the borders solves====**==== (Peter, "Wetback nation: The case for opening the Mexican-American border," p. xv-xix)//BB I have traveled the artificial line between our two countries with Border Patrol officers, AND sane and humane solutions to the problems and conflicts plaguing our two countries.
 * Laufer 4** – Ph.D. in Cultural Studies from Leeds Metropolitan University Faculty of Arts and Society in England, Professor @ Oregon

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The plan doesn't link to terrorism or circumvention====**==== (Tom, "Policy on the Edge: Failures of Border Security and New Directions for Border Control," Center for Int'l Policy, http://www.ciponline.org/research/html/failures-of-border-security-and-new-directions-for-border-control)//BB MUDDLING OF IMMIGRANTS AND TERRORISTS In his book The Closing of the American Border AND also avoid the harsh conditions and the pervasive crime of the southwestern border.
 * Barry 11** – Senior Policy Analyst @ CIP, authored or co-authored more than twenty books on Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, food aid, the United Nations, free trade and U.S. foreign policy

=**1AC ===**= = =
 * 2**=

Status Quo
= = = =

First is Inherency
WASHINGTON — In an initiative aimed at rooting out future leakers and other security violators AND of the NRC committee that wrote the report, said in an interview.
 * ====In 2011 the Obama Administration began the Insiders Threat Program to surveil federal employees and monitor their moves at work to prevent national security leaks – the program continues today despite it having ZERO effectiveness====**
 * Landay 13**
 * (Johnathon, "U.S. Plan To Predict Future Leakers Isn't Likely To Work, Experts Caution," pg proquest //um-ef)**

Whistleblowers
= = = =

Contention 1: Whistleblowing –
= = = = (Scott, Higham writerIntelligence security initiatives have chilling effect on federal whistleblowers, critics say, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/intelligence-security-initiatives-have-chilling-effect-on-federal-whistleblowers-critics-say/2014/07/23/c9dfd794-0ea0-11e4-8341-b8072b1e7348_story.html) JB The Insider Threat Program and a continuous monitoring initiative under consideration in the intelligence community AND and whistleblower, called the Insider Threat Program a "dangerous" initiative.
 * ====The insider threat program will be abused by agencies and used to undercut and intimidate potential federal whistleblowers – the reach of the program affects all federal employees creating a chilling effect====**
 * Washington Post 14**

Gap 12- whistleblower protection and advocacy organization (Government Accountability Project, FDA Surveillance of Whistleblowers 'Unacceptable', http://whistleblower.org/press/fda-surveillance-whistleblowers-%E2%80%98unacceptable%E2%80%99) JB 'Chilling Effect' Far-Reaching if Congress Fails to Act (Washington, D AND -scientists who attempted to safeguard the public. This surveillance is unacceptable."
 * ====And, the effect spills-over to EVERY agency – its targeted surveillance at every potential whistleblower====**

//Congress and the President must mandate a government-wide policy to prevent future surveillance// //AND// //the most appropriate investigative tools" with which to investigate a suspected leak.//
 * ====And, Only strengthening whistleblowers' rights solves – whistleblowers are an essential check on government fraud and abuse – lack of protections ensures a chilling effect that kills effectiveness====**
 * Anderson and Kleinman 14**
 * (Christine Anderson, Public Policy Fellow, POGO, and Avery Kleinman was the Beth Daley Impact Fellow for the Project On Government Oversight, "FDA Surveillance Threatened Whistleblowers," pg online @ http://www.pogo.org/blog/2014/02/fda-surveillance-threatened-whistleblowers.html //um-ef)//**

//**====And, the risk of Environmental collapse is high and coming – whistleblower protections are necessary – failure means the collapse of the planet and humanity from environmental deterioration====**// //**Warren 15**// //**(Christopher K. Warren, Senior Note Editor, Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review, 2014-2015, Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review, 40 B.C. Envtl. Aff. L. Rev. 195, "Blowing The Whistle On Environmental Law: How Congress Can Help The Epa Enlist Private Resources In The Fight To Save The Planet," pg lexis**//**um-ef)** The changing environment may be one of the most pressing threats in all of human AND invaluable in prosecuting enforcement actions without expending prohibitively large amounts of resources. n226

(David, is director and senior attorney for NRDC's climate and clean air program in Washington, D.C. law degree and a master's degree in city and regional planning from the University of California at Berkeley and a B.A. in history from Yale University, David rejoined NRDC in 2001 and represented NRDC in a string of climate change cases, including Massachusetts v. EPA, "The Clean Air Act and Climate Change: Where We've Been and Where We're Going," pg online @ http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/ddoniger/the_clean_air_act_and_climate.html //um-ef) I thought we should start by reflecting on where we are right now. This AND Climate will be a bigger factor in the next election than ever before.
 * ====And, momentum from Obama, the courts, the CAA, and international cooperation means we'll prevent catastrophic warming now, but effective implementation of the Clean Air Act and U.S. Environmental Laws are key ====**
 * Doniger 14**

In the Online Journal of Space Communication, Dr. Feng Hsu, a NASA AND simply too high for us to take any chances" (Hsu 2010 )
 * ====Warming is real, anthropogenic and causes extinction====**
 * Flournoy 12** — Citing Feng Hsu, PhD NASA Scientist @ the Goddard Space Flight Center. Don Flournoy is a PhD and MA from the University of Texas, Former Dean of the University College @ Ohio University, Former Associate Dean @ State University of New York and Case Institute of Technology, Project Manager for University/Industry Experiments for the NASA ACTS Satellite, Currently Professor of Telecommunications @ Scripps College of Communications @ Ohio University (Don, "Solar Power Satellites," January, Springer Briefs in Space Development, Book, p. 10-11

Groupthink
= = = =

Contention 2: Groupthink
(AARON,, an independent journalist and as a researcher for the author and journalist Naomi Klein.. His writings have appeared in publications including the Toronto Star, the Globe and Mail, and the Guardian of London. B.A. in Communication Studies from Concordia University Nieman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard honored Goodman with the 2014 I.F. Stone Medal for Journalistic Independence Lifetime Achievement Award. She is also the first journalist to receive the Right Livelihood Award, widely known as the 'Alternative Nobel Prize' for the alternative voices that are often excluded by the mainstream media." She is the first co-recipient of the Park Center for Independent Media's Izzy Award, named for the great muckraking journalist I.F. Stone. Goodman has received the American Women in Radio and Television Gracie Award; the Paley Center for Media's She's Made It Award; and the Puffin/Nation Prize for Creative Citizenship.. She has also received awards from the Associated Press, United Press International, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, and Project Censored. S "Insider Threat: Government Employees Urged to Tattle On Coworkers in Effort to Stop Classified Leaks," Democracy Now, JUNE 25, 2013, http://www.democracynow.org/2013/6/25/insider_threat_government_employees_urged_to, Accessed: July 8, 2015, YDEL) AMY GOODMAN: Can you tell us who Ilana Greenstein is? JONATHAN LANDAY: AND or abuse, and being retaliated against rather than having their concerns addressed.
 * ====First, the Insider Threat Program creates a form of groupthink within the intelligence apparatus – ensures future Iraq-style invasions====**
 * Maté, Goodman, and Landay** JUNE 25, **2013**

(MARISA, Investigative Reporter, McClatchy Washington Bureau, Jonathan, @McClatchyDC National Security Correspondent, June 20, 2013, "Obama's crackdown views leaks as aiding enemies of U.S," mcclatchydc, http://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/special-reports/insider-threats/article24750244.html, Accessed: July 7, 2015, YDEL) Even before a former U.S. intelligence contractor exposed the secret collection of AND violent acts against the government or the nation" and "potential espionage."
 * ====That spills-over to all other government agencies – crushes free-thinking, and encourages a federal groupthink throughout the Obama administration====**
 * TAYLOR and LANDAY**, JUNE 20, **2013**

The attack line against whistleblowers Bradley Manning and Edward Snowden – that they should have AND and the media defer to authorized sources, we will need courageous whistleblowers.
 * ====And, a failure to protect whistleblowers and provide congressional oversight results in a rogue Executive that collapses effective foreign policy====**
 * Dr. Goodman 13**
 * (Melvin, PhD, former CIA Analyst, adjunct professor at Johns Hopkins University, former professor of international relations at the National War College, senior fellow at the Center for International Policy, "The Need for National Security Leaks," pg online @ https://consortiumnews.com/2013/06/19/the-need-for-national-security-leaks/ //um-ef)**

(Robert "Enforcing the Ukraine 'Group Think'" Consortiumnews.com, May 9, 2015, pg online @ https://consortiumnews.com/2015/05/09/enforcing-the-ukraine-group-think/) So, as the United States rushes into a new Cold War with Russia, AND introspection but retrospection, which also is not a characteristic of either profession."
 * ====And, Groupthink will manifest itself in a U.S.-Russian War. A lack of original thought and skepticism makes another Iraq inevitable.====**
 * Parry 15**

(Robert, an American investigative journalist best known for his role in covering the Iran-Contra affair for the Associated Press (AP) and Newsweek, including breaking the Psychological Operations in Guerrilla Warfare (CIA manual provided to the Nicaraguan contras) and the CIA and Contras cocaine trafficking in the US scandal in 1985. He was awarded the George Polk Award for National Reporting in 1984. He has been the editor of Consortium News since 1995, February 6, 2015, "Nuclear War and Clashing Ukraine Narratives," Consortium News, https://consortiumnews.com/2015/02/06/nuclear-war-and-clashing-ukraine-narratives/, Accessed: July 13, 2015, YDEL) Exclusive: America and Russia have two nearly opposite narratives on Ukraine, which is AND nuclear showdown over Ukraine that could put all life on earth in jeopardy.
 * ====And, a lack of rational voices and protests in the U.S. government is the trigger – groupthink will cause the U.S. to push Putin beyond his red-lines – invites unnecessary conflict that destroys the planet====**
 * Parry, 2015**

(David, professor of political science at Idaho State, "The Judiciary And Presidential Power In Foreign Affairs: A Critique " 1 Persp. on L. & Pub. Int. 1 1996-1997, pg Hein Online) Of course, this arrangement has come under fire in the postwar period on a AND in comparison to those of the American people and their representatives in Congress.
 * ====And, increased secrecy and lack of Executive transparency and accountability makes the risk of nuclear conflict high – prefer our qualified scholars – group think results in disaster====**
 * Adler 96**

Plan
= = = =

The United States federal government should enhance its oversight of whistleblower protections from federal surveillance.
= = = =

Solvency
= = = =

Contention 3: Solvency
//Whistleblowers are the guardians of the public trust and safety. Without proper controls at// //AND// //and accountable to the American people. I look forward to your questions.//
 * ====Oversight solves the plan====**
 * Canterbury 14**
 * (Angela, Director of Public Policy, "POGO's Angela Canterbury testifies on "Limitless Surveillance at the FDA: Protecting the Rights of Federal Whistleblowers" February 26, 2014, pg online @ http://www.pogo.org/our-work/testimony/2014/pogos-angela-canterbury-testifies.html //um-ef)//**

//**====And, the signal of the plan must be clear and consistent and sent by congress – oversight is critical to ensure protections are enforced====**// //**Grassley 14**// //**(Chuck, Senator, "Sen. Grassley Talks About Anniversary Of Whistleblower Protection Act." Indian eGov Newswire 11 Apr. 2014. Infotrac Newsstand.**// **um-ef**) Value of Whistleblowers To return to the theme I started on, whistleblowers need protection AND sure that whistleblowers continue to receive the kind of protection they need and deserve

The Obama administration is now on an Angletonian path, but on a meta scale AND will overwhelm counter-intelligence investigators, counsel strongly against this Angletonian initiative.
 * ====And, there is zero risk of offense, the insider threat program is a total disaster – it overextends agencies and creates a volume of useless information that only PREVENTS good governance (can be cut if too long) (I cut this card) ====**
 * Rottman 13**
 * (Gabe, "Obama's Whistleblower Witchunt Won't Work at DOD," pg online @ http://www.defenseone.com/management/2013/07/obama-whistleblower-witchhunt-wont-work-DOD/67598/ //um-ef)**