Brett+&+Jacob+R

2a -- Brett Cotler -- brettdcotler@gmail.com 2n -- Jacob Rose -- jhrose555@gmail.com
 * Team Code – MAGS CR **

T domestic, courts cp + politics, heg bad, framework, rights malthus, case turns
 * Previous 2NRs **

Tournament Round 1 - bye Round 4 - 1AC = NSA, 1NC=terror da, politics, t geography, t curtail, pyscho k, dedev, Block= t persons, t curtail politics da, case defense, 2NR = t persons (1AR kicked substance and was only condo and T) Round 5 - 1AC = Insider threats, 1NC = t curtail, politics, insider threats da, pyscho k, reform cp, executive flex good, Block= t curtail, politics, executive flex good, case defense, 2NR = politics, case defense

*Note: The Last 2-3 cards of the 1ac may not be read if there is not enough time
 * 1ac – ALPR **
 * __ 1ac – advantage __ **

__License plate surveillance may invite political targeting__ By Alice Salles / February 4, 2015 AND __detailed pictures of the private lives of citizens__ and visitors to this country.
 * The Drug Enforcement Administration is creating a massive database of license plate tracking information—this will be used for political targeting and other kinds of violence **
 * Salles 2015 ** (Alice, journalist specializing in civil liberties, “License plate surveillance may invite political targeting,” Watchdog Arena, Feb 4, http://watchdog.org/197745/license-plate-surveillance-political-targeting/)

Today, massive and unsustainable debts are maintaining the US standard of living. Freedom AND one of many ominous signs regarding where this centralization of power is heading.
 * License plate monitoring has pushed the US to the edge of full-scale totalitarianism—resistance now is necessary **
 * Suarez 2013 ** (John, human rights activist who has spoken before the United Nations Human Rights Council on several occasions, PanAm Post, Oct 18, http://panampost.com/john-suarez/2013/10/18/the-us-surveillance-state-and-the-totalitarian-tipping-point/)

But if the program was allowed to be carried out unchecked for so long, __AND__ __aren’t even asking questions about civil liberties and privacy when approving this technology__ .”
 * The plan is a necessary response to violations of liberty--federal action is key **
 * Salles 2015 ** (Alice, journalist specializing in civil liberties, “License plate surveillance may invite political targeting,” Watchdog Arena, Feb 4, http://watchdog.org/197745/license-plate-surveillance-political-targeting/)

__Another day, and another of__ **__Leviathan’s tentacles__** __is exposed for all the world to__ __AND__ consumptive child in a hospital incubator, __is nowhere included within its brief__.
 * We must resist license plate tracking as an infringement of liberty—this form of surveillance will constantly expand to new abuses with no security rationale **
 * Cooke 2015 ** (Charles, writer at the National Review, “As You Drive, So Are You Watched,” National Review, Jan 25, http://www.nationalreview.com/article/397303/you-drive-so-you-are-watched-charles-c-w-cooke)


 * Freedom from surveillance is an a priori value: it’s the key liberty that defines the value of our lives and our capacities for agency **
 * Greenwald 2014 ** (Glenn, Snowden’s lawyer, “Why Privacy Matters,” [] )
 * We do not endorse ableist language**
 * Now, there's a reason why __privacy__**
 * __AND__**
 * __that it imposes on us do not become any less potent__ . **

Surveillance violates our basic ethical imperative to treat people with dignity and protect freedom, but even if utilitarianism is good, you should still vote aff Burkhart et al. 2007 ** (Laurie Burkhart, Michael Haubert, and Damon Thorley, undergraduate editors who published a book on surveillance under the supervision of Dr. Dirk S. Hovorka, “The Efect [sic] of Government Surveillance on Social Progress,” in Confronting Information Ethics in the New Millennium” [] ) **
 * __Under utilitarian, duty-based,__** __and **rights-based ethical theories**__** the act **
 * AND **
 * __freedom of speech and the power of the people will be__** __lost forever__** . **

__ 1ac – plan __

Plan: The United States federal government should substantially curtail its use of Automatic License Plate Recognition in the United States.

__ 1ac – framing __

Actions determine morality, not results—consequentialism might be good, but moral side constraints exist that we cannot violate Nagel 1979 **(Thomas, Philosopher, Mortal Questions, p 58-59)**
 * Many people feel, without being able to say much more about it, that **
 * __AND__**
 * __ease the consciences of those responsible for a certain number of charred babies__ . **

Our advantage is one of those side constraints—the injustices we have described should not be tolerated at any cost Rawls 1971 **(John, philosopher, A Theory of Justice, p. 3-4)**
 * __Justice is the first virtue of social institutions____as truth is of systems of thought__**
 * AND **
 * . __Being first virtues of human activities, truth and justice are uncompromising__ . **

No consequence justifies voting neg—either rights are absolute and we win, or they’re not, and the neg’s moral calculus is incoherent. The question of this debate is whether the plan is a //moral action// or not. The judge as a moral agent is not responsible for intervening actors no matter how bad the consequences sound. The decisions of other agents are outside your power to determine and you should therefore say that you support the aff even if we should perhaps also stop bad consequences that stem from it because consequentialism with no limit results in constantly escalating evils which make it self-defeating and also undermines the value of life GEWIRTH 1981 ** (Alan, prof of philosophy at U Chicago, “Are There Any Absolute Rights?,” Philosophical Quarterly, January) **
 * __It is a widely held opinion that there are no absolute rights__ . Consider what **
 * AND **
 * of the valid principle of morality in its equal application to all persons. **

Dead bodies aren’t the key metric for decisionmaking—surveillance might not be dramatic, but the failure to confront it now adds up to a worse harm over time as abuses accumulate Solove 2011 ** (Daniel, professor of law at George Washington University, Why Privacy Matters Even if You Have 'Nothing to Hide', May 15, http://chronicle.com/article/Why-Privacy-Matters-Even-if/127461/) **
 * Investigating __the nothing-to-hide argument__ a little more deeply, we find **
 * AND **
 * __to-hide argument, in the end,__** __has nothing to say__** . **

“Life key to rights” is backwards—life and death are not inherently good except for the things we enjoy about them which the status quo erodes and the plan protects Nagel 12 ** [Thomas, University Professor of Philosophy and Law at New York University, “Mortal Questions”, Cambridge University Press, Mar 26, 2012, Pg.1-3] **
 * If death is the unequivocal and permanent end of our existence, __the question arises__**
 * __AND__**
 * disadvantage, it is not easy to say when a man suffers it __.__**

The obsession with human survival is self-defeating—the tyranny of survival paradoxically destroys more people in the long run and diminishes the value of life Callahan 1973 ** (Daniel, institute of Society and Ethics, The Tyranny of Survival, p. 91-3) **
 * __The value of survival could not be so readily abused were it not for its__**
 * __AND__**
 * __survival. It would be the Pyrrhic victory to end all Pyrrhic victories__ . **

No counterplan can solve the case—the ability of another actor to address the harm doesn’t absolve you of your obligation to do so as well Aitken 77 ** (William, teaches philosophy at Chatham College, World Hunger and Moral Obligation, p 93-94) **
 * __Some have maintained that__ there is a fourth minimal condition which a potential helper of **
 * AND **
 * __resort is too strong; it is not a minimal condition for obligation.__**

We can’t make policy based on linear predictions—the complexity of government and the chaos of unpredictable events means that as a judge you should simply ignore disads based on future impacts Ward 1996 ** (Brian, “The Chaos of History: Notes Towards a Postmodernist Historiography,” Limina, Vol 2, http://www.limina.arts.uwa.edu.au/previous/volumes_15/volume_2?f=73934) **
 * Porush establishes the link between narrative-as-history and chaos theory by recognising **
 * AND **
 * __may be terribly misplaced, and__** __doomed always to go unsatisfied__** . **

Nuclear war impacts are too simplistic—we can’t predict how a nuclear war would start or how to avoid it—the probability of taking the correct action is so low that it’s equally likely to cause the war in the first place Martel and Savage 1986 ** (William and Paul, Strategic Nuclear War: What the Superpowers Target and Why, p. 50-51) Nuclear war is perhaps the single most pressing issue in modern times, outranking by AND __maelstrom without being pulled by cataclysmic political and military currents into the war__.

====**Various world systems exist in a critical state where sudden and unpredictable collapse is possible at any time—it is literally impossible to learn from history or identify a cause of war even minutes before it breaks out**==== This book is not only about earthquakes. It is about __ubiquitous patterns of change__ __AND__ __for explanation may be terribly misplaced, and **doomed always to go unsatisfied**__.
 * Buchanan 2002** (Mark, Ubiquity: Why Catastrophes Happen, p. 62)

**Err on the side of probability to check psychological bias toward long improbable internal link chains – we cite studies**
The conjunction fallacy similarly applies to futurological forecasts. Two independent sets of professional analysts AND a futurist, disjunctions make for an awkward and unpoetic-sounding prophecy.
 * Yudkowsky 8 ** – cofounder of Machine Intelligence Research Institute [Eliezer, research fellow at MIRI, “Cognitive Biases Potentially Affecting Judgment of Global Risks,” Machine Intelligence Research Institute, pp. 7-8, 2008, [], Accessed 6/29/15]

**Nothing causes extinction**
In 2014 __there are more nuclear weapons than ever, but__ we don't really talk AND __a second planet and vastly increase our life expectancy rather than face extinction__.
 * Beach 2014** (Justin, writer at the Huffington Post, Stop Worrying, Humans Aren't Going Extinct Any Time Soon, June 6, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/justin-beach/human-extinction_b_5457038.html)

**Even if extinction was possible, no single impact could do it**
**Tonn 2005** (Bruce, Futures Studies Department, Corvinus University of Budapest, “Human Extinction Scenarios,” www.budapestfutures.org/downloads/abstracts/Bruce%20Tonn%20-%20Abstract.pdf) The human species faces numerous threats to its existence. These include __global climate change __ __AND __ __. Humans appear to be resilient to extinction with respect to single events __.