Hybrid+-+Miranda+and+Izzy

**__ Relations __**
 * __ 1ac __**

Contention one is relations
(Raul, April, “Opinion: President Obama has the chance to improve US/Mexico relations,” http://nbclatino.com/2013/04/29/opinion-president-obama-has-the-chance-to-improve-usmexico-relations/)//BB Obama will arrive in Mexico with good and bad news. On the positive side AND foreign policy with Mexico based on its potential, not on its problems. (“Transcending the Rio Grande,” http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2009/04/pdf/mexico.pdf)//BB The U.S.-Mexico relationship is ready for renewed collaboration on a range AND of the United States’ most important and strategic allies in ¶ the hemisphere. (Robert, “U.S.-Mexico Cooperation on Renewable Energy: Building a Green Agenda,” http://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/us-mexico-cooperation-renewable-energy-building-green-agenda)//BB Discussant Johanna Mendelson Forman stressed the linkages connecting climate change, energy, and economic AND S. companies suffer from a lack of adequate export-import financing. (Robert, “U.S. and Latin America: Economic Cooperation without Militarization?,” http://www.worldpolicy.org/blog/2013/05/20/us-and-latin-america-economic-cooperation-without-militarization)//BB In May, President Barack Obama visited Mexico and Costa Rica and vowed to strengthen AND Latin American countries will forge ahead with economic and security integration amongst themselves. Defeating the narcotics pandemic would become exponentially more difficult if the United States declined, AND a state would stimulate further anti-Mexican tendencies in the United States. Drug trafficking — in source countries, transit countries, and consumer countries, including AND and intelligence attention. In principle, any of these might be important. (Michael, “A LINE IN THE SAND: COUNTERING CRIME, VIOLENCE AND TERROR AT THE SOUTHWEST BORDER,” UNITED STATES HOUSE COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY, Lexis)//BB Terrorism remains a serious threat to the security of the United States. The Congressional AND on U.S. soil ¶ into a weapon of mass destruction. The border situation, at its core, is not an economic issue, a AND -stage chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear material" [7].
 * Energy cooperation is key to a SUSTAINABLE partnership – boosts regional economy, solves Mexican violence and reverses Latin anti-US sentiment**
 * Reyes 13** – JD, member of the USA Today Board of Contributors
 * Thinking BEYOND security is key – energy cooperation overcomes alternate impediments and creates a resilient partnership**
 * Miller and DeLeon 9** - *Stephanie, consultant on U.S.-Latin America relations and was formerly the Research Associate for the Americas Project on the National Security Team. Born in Venezuela with family from Colombia, Miller earned her degree from Duke University in International Comparative Studies with a focus on Latin America. She currently lives in Bogotá, Colombia, **Rudy, Senior Vice President of National Security and International Policy at American Progress
 * Sequencing is vital – Climate cooperation FIRST spills over to the rest of relations**
 * Donnelly 10** – Program Associate, Mexico Institute @ Wilson Center
 * Only Obama solves – reverses Anti-US sentiment throughout Latin America**
 * Valencia 13** - New York-based political analyst and is a contributing writer for Global Voices Online
 * Relations solve drug cartels**
 * Brzezinski 12** – former National Security Adviser (Zbigniew, “Strategic Vision: America and the Crisis of Global Power”, 2012, pp. 198-199)//Beddow
 * Trafficking revenues fund terrorists**
 * Kleiman, 4** (Mark, B.A. magna cum laude, Haverford College, M.P.P., Harvard Kennedy School, Ph.D., Harvard, Professor of Public Policy in the UCLA School of Public Affairs, “Illicit Drugs and the Terrorist Threat: Causal Links and Implications for Domestic Drug Control Policy”, Congressional Research Service, 4/20/2004, [], JKahn)
 * The impact is an attack on US soil**
 * McCaul 12** – JD @ St. Mary’s, former federal prosecutor
 * Mexican border terrorism is uniquely likely – it goes nuclear**
 * Petersen 10** (Norah Petersen, “The War on Terror at the Mexican Border” The American Thinker, August 2 2010, http://www.americanthinker.com/2010/08/the_war_on_terror_at_the_mexic.html) MR

Nuclear terror causes extinction
Worse, al Qaeda and other terrorist organizations have vowed to obtain and actually use AND . Much of the world's surface would reach winter temperatures in the summer. Despite its many virtues, however, the book paints an overly optimistic portrait of AND States is likely to suffer another major economic crisis in the years ahead. (“An action plan for US policy in the Americas,” December, http://www.aei.org/outlook/foreign-and-defense-policy/regional/latin-america/an-action-plan-for-us-policy-in-the-americas/)//BB Key points in this Outlook: America’s economic crisis and threats to US security have undermined its traditional global-leadership AND its own hemisphere. A prosperous hemisphere means a more prosperous United States. (Zalmay Khalilzad was the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush and the director of policy planning at the Defense Department from 1990 to 1992. "The Economy and National Security" Feb 8 www.nationalreview.com/blogs/print/259024)//BB Today, economic and fiscal trends pose the most severe long-term threat to AND , hostile states would be emboldened to make aggressive moves in their regions. Mathew, PhD European History @ Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer is a member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis” [] Increased Potential for Global Conflict Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and indeed believes the future is AND within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world. **__ Warming __**
 * Creamer, 11** – political organizer and strategist, Strategic Consulting Group (Robert, “Post-Bin Laden, It's Time to End the Threat of Nuclear Terrorism for Good,” Huffington Post, 5/12, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/robert-creamer/post-bin-laden---it-is-ti_b_860954.html)//SY
 * Independently, a US economic crisis is coming**
 * DeLong 13** - Professor of Economics at the University of California, Berkeley, a Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research, and a Visiting Fellow at the Kauffman Foundation (J. Bradford, “The Second Great Depression: Why the Economic Crisis is Worse Than You Think”, July/August 2013 Foreign Affairs)//Beddow
 * Latin energy connectivity is key to growth**
 * Noriega and Cardenas 12** – *Former US State Dept Official, ** director with Vision Americas
 * US growth solves great power war**
 * Khalilzad 11** – PhD, Former Professor of Political Science @ Columbia, Former ambassador to Iraq and Afghanistan
 * Nuclear war**
 * Harris and Burrows 9 **

Contention two is warming
(William, “Expert credibility in climate change,” National Academy of Sciences, p. 12107-12109)//BB Preliminary reviews of scientific literature and surveys of cli- mate scientists indicate striking agreement AND discussions in media, policy, and public forums regarding anthropogenic climate change. As horrifying as the scenario of human extinction by sudden, fast-burning nuclear AND to a fundamentally different premise regarding the relationship between industrial civilization and nature. (Jeffrey Mazo, Managing Editor, Survival and Research Fellow for Environmental Security and Science Policy at the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London, 3-2010, “Climate Conflict: How global warming threatens security and what to do about it,” pg. 122)//BB The best estimates for global warming to the end of the century range from 2 AND adaptation to these extremes would mean profound social, cultural and political changes.
 * Global warming is real and human induced – top climate scientists agree**
 * Anderegg et al 10** – PhD Candidate @ Stanford in Biology
 * Action now averts extinction**
 * Morgan 9** – professor at Hankuk University of Foreign Studies (Dennis Ray, “World on Fire: Two Scenarios of the Destruction of Human Civilization and the Possible Extinction of the Human Race”, 2009)//Beddow
 * Warming is an existential risk – //__quickening__// reductions is key to avoiding extinction**
 * Mazo 10** – PhD in Paleoclimatology from UCLA

Independently, CO2 cause ocean acidification – extinction
The world’s oceans may be turning acidic faster today from human carbon emissions than they AND species goes extinct it’s gone forever. We’re playing a very dangerous game.” Devabhaktuni et al. 13 (Vijay Devabhaktuni, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer AND Volume 19, Pages 555–564, March 2013, SciVerse) MR Renewable energy is not a new concept, but it continues to rapidly emerge as AND energy is also becoming increasingly important to slow the effects of climate change. (“Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy and Transportation: Project Opportunities in the U.S. – Mexico Border Region,” http://www.cocef.org/Eng/VLibrary/Publications/SpecialReports/BECC%20WP%20%20Nov%202011%20index.pdf)//BB This white paper describes the current deficit in the U.S.-Mexico border AND and the funds will need a highly ¶ capacitated and experienced program manager.
 * Romm 12** – physicist and climate expert, Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Senior Fellow at the Center for American Progress (Joseph J., “Science: Ocean Acidifying so fast that it threatens humanity’s ability to feed itself”, 3/2/12; < http://earthlawcenter.org/news/headline/science-ocean-acidifying-so-fast-it-threatens-humanitys-ability-to-feed-itself/>)//Beddow
 * Renewables energy is critical to solve global warming**
 * Technical assistance for renewables significantly reduces greenhouse gases**
 * COCEF 12** - La Comisión de Cooperación Ecológica Fronteriza

And, Renewable energy will price coal out of the market
Non-subsidized renewable energy is now cheaper than electricity from new-build coal AND to turn the economics of power systems on its head,” he said. James Hansen, Professor of Earth and Environmental Sciences @ Columbia University and Ph.D. in Physics from the University of Iowa), “Coal-fired power stations are death factories. Close them,” The Observer, Sunday 15 February 2009, pg. http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/feb/15/james-hansen-power-plants-coal A year ago, I wrote to Gordon Brown asking him to place a moratorium AND that would be committed to extinction if carbon dioxide rose another 100 ppm.
 * Buczynski 13** – author of Sharing is Good, a practical guide to collaborative consumption; freelance writer and editor who covers clean technology, sustainable design and environmental issues for Care2, EcoSalon, Shareable, Inhabitat, and EarthTechling (Beth Buczynski, “Renewable Energy is Actually Cheaper than Coal and Gas in Australia” Care2.org, February 17 2013, http://www.care2.com/causes/renewable-energy-is-actually-cheaper-than-coal-and-gas-in-australia.html) MR
 * Coal causes extinction**
 * Hansen 9** - Director of Nasa's Goddard Institute for Space Studies

(Duncan, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, http://www.statealliancepartnership.org/resources_files/USMexico_Cooperation_Renewable_Energies.pdf)//BB The North American context¶ The North American economic region is experiencing an impact from AND economic and financial incentives for public or private sector¶ development of renewable resources (“U.S., Canada, Mexico Vow ‘Continental’ Energy Grid,” http://www.reepedia.com/archives/4568)//BB The leaders of the United States, Mexico, and Canada today pledged to develop AND , including electricity generation and interconnection and welcome increasing North American energy trade.” (Shannon, “Mexico Makes It: A Transformed Society, Economy, and Government,” Foreign Affairs, 92.2)//BB If Mexico addresses these challenges, it will emerge as a powerful player on the AND help construct new international financial, trade, and climate-change accords.
 * Mexico is key:**
 * First – they have ENORMOUS renewable energy potential**
 * Wood 10** – PhD in Political Studies @ Queen’s, Professor @ ITAM in Mexico City
 * Second – Mexico will spread the green tech globally**
 * ENS 12** – Environmental News Service
 * Third – Mexican leadership leads to GLOBAL climate agreements**
 * O’Neill 13** – PhD in Government @ Harvard, senior fellow for Latin America Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations, a nonpartisan foreign-policy think tank and membership organization

Those are key to solve warming
Many participants in the environmental debate state that a global climate agreement will never materialize AND climate policy. With the current escape strategies we are only fooling ourselves. **__ Plan __** **__ Solvency __**
 * Van den Bergh 11** – Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, and the Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Fellow of Tinbergen Institute and NAKE (Jeroen C.J.M. van den Bergh, “Effective Climate-Energy Solutions, Escape Routes and Peak Oil” ICREA, Barcelona, Institute for Environmental Science and Technology and Department of Economics and Economic History, March 2011, http://icta.uab.cat.proxy.lib.umich.edu/99_recursos/1331896721815.pdf) MR
 * The United States federal government should substantially increase its renewable energy assistance to Mexico.**

Last is solvency
(“Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy and Transportation: Project Opportunities in the U.S. – Mexico Border Region,” http://www.cocef.org/Eng/VLibrary/Publications/SpecialReports/BECC%20WP%20%20Nov%202011%20index.pdf)//BB One of the largest challenges for any local entity responsible for mitigation and ¶ adaptation AND that means for ¶ border communities are – limited resources equal limited opportunities. (Lisa, “Latin America Enjoys Abundant Renewable Energy but Lacks Policies for Use,” Scientfic American, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=latin-america-enjoys-abundant-renewable-energy-but-lacks-policies-for-use)//BB Latin America and the Caribbean could meet 100 percent of their electricity needs with renewable AND and that policies to promote renewable energy come at a high economic cost. --aid is high now, but should be re-oriented towards renewables (Nancy, “A Sunny Future for Border Relations?,” http://breakingenergy.com/2011/05/10/featured-a-sunny-future-for-border-relations/)//BB Amidst the darkening cloud of violence that grips the US-Mexico border region, AND a more effective means to creating a peaceful, prosperous, cleaner future.
 * Outside assistance is necessary – limited resources**
 * COCEF 12** - La Comisión de Cooperación Ecológica Fronteriza
 * There is an advantage to //linear// advancements of renewable energy – key to meet demands of a growing economy**
 * Friedman 6-18** – Staff @ Climate Wire
 * Specifically – the US is key**
 * Hartsoch 11** – MA @ San Jose State, Senior Vice President of Marketing and Sales for SolFocus