Joshua+and+Emma+GBNFV+EV

= Contention 1 Manufacturing =

U.S. leadership solves multiple conflicts
¶ Assessing the Security Benefits **__U.S. preferences.__**
 * Brooks et al 13 ** [Don't Come Home, America: The Case against Retrenchment Stephen G. Brooks [|(bio)], G. John Ikenberry [|(bio)] and William C. Wohlforth [|(bio)] , Stephen G. Brooks; G. John Ikenberry and William C. Wohlforth STEPHEN G. BROOKS is Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College. G. JOHN IKENBERRY is Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University and Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University in Seoul. WILLIAM C. WOHLFORTH is Daniel Webster Professor of Government at Dartmouth College, International Security ¶ [|Volume 37, Number 3, Winter 2012] , p. Project Muse]

Pursuit of heg will continue to increase - Defense spending and intelligence organizations
Arroyo 13 – Reporter for The Corner, U.S. hegemony is better than none, [], 7/7/14 World defense budget reached 1.7 trillion dollars last year in that front.

Two internal links

First is Price Spikes – collapse of the shale boom will cause price spikes
Ahmed 14  – Dr. Nafeez Ahmed is the Executive Director of the Institute for Policy Research & Development and Chief Research Officer at Unitas Communications where he leads on geopolitical risk. (“Former BP geologist: peak oil is here and it will 'break economies'”, The Guardian, January 2014) What happens when the shale boom..., on a faster trajectory toward costly environmental destruction.

That destroys steel manufacturing – the aff solves – low gas prices key to decreasing domestic steel manufacturing costs
America's steel industry,… industrial power, a competitive edge in the 21st Century.
 * James 12 ** - Correspondent for Reut3ers (Steve, “Analysis: Steelmakers eye gas to cut costs, drive exports”, Reuters, http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/03/16/us-steel-gas-idUSBRE82F12Y20120316)//WK

Steel manufacturing is key to military primacy and power projection
A robust steel industry is // … //– a vital instrument of our national security lies in your hands.
 * Buyer 7 ** — Steve Buyer is a Member of the U.S. House of Representatives. He was a Colonel in the U.S. Army Reserve, holds a B.S. from The Citadel, and a J.D. from Valparaiso University. (“Statement of Representative Steve Buyer Before the International Trade Commission Regarding the five-year sunset review on Certain Hot-Rolled Carbon Steel Flat Products from Argentina, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Netherlands, Romania, South Africa, Taiwan, Thailand, and Ukraine (Inv. Nos. 701 -TA-404-408 and 731 -TA-898-908),” July 31, 2007)

Second is Shipbuilding—the plan revitalizes the shipbuilding industry—independently solves economic collapse
Mason 11  – Joseph Mason is a Senior Fellow at The Wharton School. He is the Louisiana State University Endowed Chair of Banking and a nationally-renowned economist. (“House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources Hearing; Fisheries, Wildlife, Oceans and Insular Affairs Legislative Hearing on H.R. 306, H.R. 588, S. 266 and H.R. 285”, April 6, 2011) Apart from national in new U.S. federal tax income.

Conflicts get more likely and escalate rapidly during prolonged periods of economic contraction
Less intuitive is how …. be considered ancillary to those views.
 * Royal 10 ** [Jedediah, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal, and Political Perspectives, pg 213-215]

Commercial shipbuilding is key to sealift—solves naval power
NLUS 12  – Navy League of the United States. (“America’s Maritime Industry: the foundation of American seapower”, 2012, [] ) Since the earliest days of our history…. to maintain the military’s capabilities for war .”

Shipbuilding is also key to naval power projection and hegemony
Batsford et al 11  – CDR Marc Batsford is a part of the Canadian Navy. (“Final Report: Shipbuilding Industry”, The Industrial College of the Armed Forces, [] <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;">, Spring 2011) <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;">The United States is <span class="StyleBoldUnderline" style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;"> a maritime …. <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;">the viability of the shipbuilding and repair industry a vital national security interest.

= Contention 2 Warming =

Catastrophic warming risks extinction
Mazo 10– PhD in Paleoclimatology from UCLA (Jeffrey Mazo, Managing Editor, Survival and Research Fellow for Environmental Security and Science Policy at the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London, 3-2010, “Climate Conflict: How global warming threatens security and what to do about it,” pg. 122)//BB The best estimates for global warming …. cultural and political changes.

Warming is anthropogenic – the most comprehensive data-sets are conclusive
Green 13 – Professor of Chemistry @ Michigan Tech *John Cook – Fellow @ Global Change Institute, produced climate communication resources adopted by organisations such as NOAA and the U.S. Navy **Dana Nuccitelli – MA in Physics @ UC-Davis ***Mark Richardson – PhD Candidate in Meteorology, et al., (“Quantifying the consensus on anthropogenic global warming in the scientific literature,” Environmental Research Letters, 8.2)//BB An accurate perception of the degree …. endorses the scientific consensus on AGW.

Keeping it below 4 degrees avoids the worst impacts
Kim 12 – PhD in Anthropology @ Harvard, former president of Dartmouth, Now President of the World Bank (Jim Yong, “Turn Down the Heat,” p. ix)//BB
 * __ The 4°C scenarios are devastating __** : …. The World Bank Group will step up to the challenge.

CO2 emissions will run away in the status quo—natural gas is the only effective alternative to coal—U.S. development is modeled globally and prevents extinction
Riley 12—BA, LL.M., PhD, professor of energy law at The City Law School at City University London (Alan, 8/13/12, “Shale Gas to the Climate Rescue,” http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/14/opinion/shale-gas-to-the-climate-rescue.html, RBatra)

The battle against runaway … emissions over the short and medium term.

Natural gas is the bridge to renewables, CCS, and Nuclear power
Researchers at the M assachusetts I nstitute of T echnology …outweighs the demand reduction effect."
 * Kirkland 10 ** - Deputy editor for climate wire(Joel, “Natural Gas Could Serve as 'Bridge' Fuel to Low-Carbon Future”, Scientific American, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/natural-gas-could-serve-as-bridge-fuel-to-low-carbon-future/)AM

OCS expansion key to solve warming – the impact is extinction
<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;">Lamborn, 08 [Path of wisdom: Open up Outer Continental Shelf to gas drilling, House Representative Doug Republican Colorado, [] ] Many years ago that great philosopher … I see trouble on the way.”

= 1ac plan =

The United States federal government should increase leasing for offshore natural gas production in the Outer Continental Shelf in the Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, and Gulf of Mexico

= Contention 3 Solvency =

Restrictions cover 85% of the OCS and they must be lifted but federal action is key – Congress has to fund DOI leasing projects
Washington must…. Thus far, none of these efforts has been successful.
 * Lieberman 8 ** – senior policy analyst for Energy and Environment for the Heritage Foundation (Ben, “Listing the Offshore Drilling Ban: A Positive Step in the Fight against High Energy Prices”, The Heritage Foundation, 7/14/2008, http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2008/07/lifting-the-offshore-drilling-ban-a-positive-step-in-the-fight-against-high-energy-prices)//BD

And, the plan creates certainty for offshore production—balances supply
Mr. GRILES. **__America’s__** public**__…, //so they can have certainty about where to go.//__**
 * Griles 3 ** [Lisa, Deputy Secretary, Department of the Interior, “Energy Production on Federal Lands,” Hearing before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate]

Nearly 100 new projects are capable of development

 * Hillegeist et al 11 ** (President and COO at Quest Offshore Resources, Inc, Sean Shafer, Project Director, Andrew Jackson, Project Manager, Leslie Cook, Senior Research Consultant) December 2011 “The State of the Offshore U.S. Oil and Gas Industry” http://energytomorrow.org/images/uploads/Quest_2011_December_29_Final.pdf
 * __ If drilling permits going forward …. __** to the nation in terms of energy security, employment and government revenue.

Shale revolution unsustainable --- logistics, safety and extraction --- North Dakota proves --- our authors assume your indicts
__ While euphoria over the ongoing shale …. __ - including the strategically important Middle East.
 * Hussain 7/27 ** (Syed Rashid, Staff Writer for Saudi Gazette, “Euphoria over shale gas ‘surge’ pointless,” 7/27/2014, Saudi Gazette, [] )//JL