Kim+&+Kai

**Contention 1 is inherency**
toc **Morgan and Rabin 7/19** – Miami Herald reporter, environment reporter (Curtis and Charles, “White House Speeds Up Permits, Offers No New Cash For PortMiami Dredge Project”, The Miami Herald, July 21 2012, [|http://www.miamiherald.com/2012/07/19/2902727/white-house-speeds-up-permits.html] )//CB
 * Obama has expedited approval for projects, but not allocated funds – aff is still inherent, but you don’t have any DA’s.**

The White House on Thursday .... **all remaining federal reviews**.”

**Contention 2 is seaport competitiveness**
**Holeywell, 7/2**— Reporter, has been published in the Washington Post and USA Today, graduate of George Washington University (Ryan, “Panama Canal Expansion Has U.S. Ports Rushing”, The Governing, July 2, 2012, [|http://www.governing.com/panama-canal-expansion-has-ports-rushing.html)//chm] Note: Figure Removed
 * The Panama Canal expansion necessitates** **new harbor deepening** **to compete for post-Panamax ships – federal uncertainty prevents the status quo from solving**

A century ago in 1914, the Panama Canal.... and the world had changed,” says Anderson.

**Calhoun 11** -- President of Cargo Carriers (Cargill) and Chairman of Waterways Council, Inc (Rick, “DREDGING FOR PROSPERITY”, Marine Log, August, ProQuest, [|http://proxy.lib.umich.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/docview/889143450?accountid=14667]”) EL
 * The perception of a federal commitment to port infrastructure is vital to** **retain foreign customers** **– this is key to the recovery**

Just like the nation itself, .... inland waterways transportation system.

**Anderson, 11** –Chief Executive Officer of the Jacksonville Port Authority (JAXPORT) (A. Paul, “testimony of A. Paul Anderson Chief Executive Officer of the Jacksonville Port Authority (JAXPORT) for the Record of the united States House of Representatives Transportation and Infrastructure Committee Subcommittee on Water Resources and the Environment Hearing: “The Economic Importance of Seaports: Is the United States Prepared for 21st Century Trade Realities?””, October 26, 2011, [][|)//MM]
 * Federal regulations** **prevent** **other actors from solving – only federal action to** **streamline the process** **and** **increase funding** **solves**

With increasingly larger ships calling the East Coast, ... critical infrastructure projects is **fundamentally broken**.

**Nagle, 12** - President and CEO of the American Association of Port Authorities (Kurt J., “Testimony of Kurt J. Nagle President and CEO of the American Association of Port Authorities Before the United States House of Representatives Appropriations Committee Energy and Water Development, and Related Agencies Subommittee”, Budget Hearing- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Assistant Secretary, Chief of Engineers, March 7, 2012, [|http://aapa.files.cms-plus.com/PDFs/EWTestimony%20Mar2012%20Final.pdf)//MM]
 * And these federal regulations mean any new projects will take** **decades** **unless the federal government expedites construction**

First, the funding level of the Corps of Engineers’ .... the challenges of today and tomorrow.

**Nagle, 11** --- president and chief executive officer of the American Association of Port Authorities (December 2011, Kurt, Industry Today, “Association: American Association of Port Authorities; Port-Related Infrastructure Investments Can Reap Dividends,” vol. 14, no. 3, [|http://www.industrytoday.com/article_view.asp?ArticleID=F370])
 * Seaport competitiveness is the vital internal link to US economic growth – seaports represent a quarter of US GDP and contribute** **over 3 trillion** **to the economy**

It seems the U nited S tates willingly allows infrastructure .... is utilized to maintain federal navigation channels.

**Weakley 8** – Realize America’s Maritime promise, Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund Fairness Coalition, testimony of James Weakley the president of the Lake Carriers’ Association (James, “Realize America’s Maritime Promise”, Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund Fairness Coalition, 4/30/08, [])//MM//
 * Lack of port deepening forces** **light loading** **– this will** **break** **the US shipping industry**

// **Port-related jobs are critical to** augment **our economy**. .... a tax would be used for their intended purpose and not merely for deficit reduction. //

//**Increasing exports decreases the trade deficit and makes growth sustainable – prevents investment bubbles and collapses**// // **Istrate et al, 10** -- senior research analyst and associate fellow with the Metropolitan Infrastructure Initiative (Emilia, "Export Nation: How U.S. Metros Lead National Export Growth and Boost Competitiveness", July, Brookings, [])// NK

Exports Could Contribute to the Rebalancing of the U.S. Economy ... increasing exports relative to imports can be part of the solution to many long-standing difficulties.

**Khalilzad, ’11** [Zalmay Khalilzad was the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush and the director of policy planning at the Defense Department from 1990 to 1992, “ The Economy and National Security”, 2-8-11, []]
 * A strong US economy is key to competitiveness -- prevents great power nuclear war**

We face this domestic challenge ..., dangerous era of multi-polarity.

**Posen 9** – Deputy director and senior fellow of the Peterson Institute for International Economics (Adam, “Economic leadership beyond the crisis,” http://clients.squareeye.com/uploads/foresight/documents/PN%20USA_FINAL_LR_1.pdf)
 * US growth is key to promoting an American economic model – the alternative is** **mercantilism** **, which destroys economic cooperation and risks** **protectionism**

In the postwar period, US power and prestige, ... If the US is to rise to the challenge, it should concentrate on the following priority measures.

Michael **Panzner 8** (Faculty Member at the New York Institute of Finance, 25-year veteran of the global stock, bond, and currency markets who has worked in New York and London for HSBC, Soros Funds, ABN Amro, Dresdner Bank, and JPMorgan Chase) 2008 Financial Armageddon: Protect Your Future from Economic Collapse, p. 137-138
 * Protectionism coupled with xenophobia will cause nuclear war**

Rising angst will also wreak havoc with links among markets, f... Western societies as the beginnings of a new world war.

**And, decline in growth produces multiple scenarios for nuclear conflict** **Harris and Burrows 9** (Mathew, PhD European History at Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer, member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis” [], AM)

Of course, the report encompasses more than economics ... among states and the probability for interstate war rises.

**Contention 3 is Exports:**
**Costa and Rossen 5/5** -- *Ph.D. Candidate and Research Assitant, Dept. of Agricultrual Economics, Texas A&M, Professor Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Texas A&M (Rafael and Parr, "THE IMPACTS OF THE PANAMA CANAL EXPANSION ON WORLD COTTON", pg. 2 &3, [|www.trforum.org/forum/downloads/2012_55_Panama_Canal_Expansion_Cotton.pdf]) EL
 * Scenario one is cotton:**
 * The US is the largest cotton producer – but Chinese demand continues to increase**

The global demand for cotton is... 41 percent of world trade in 2010/2011.


 * Port expansion increases cotton exports – key to meet demand**
 * Rossen et al, 11** **-** Professor/Extension Economist and Director at the Center for North American Studies (Parr, "Impacts of Transportation Infrastructure on the U.S. Cotton Industry", May, Center for North American, cnas.tamu.edu/AMS%20Cotton%20Transportation%20Report%20June%202011.pdf) //NK//

// T // he new Panama Canal lock system will be equipped to... point may reach capacity limitations and be forced to expand.


 * The cotton trade is zero-sum — the plan secures US market share at the expense of competitors**
 * Lyford and Welch, 4 —** assistant professor in the Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics at Texas Tech University, AND, assistant professor and Texas AgriLife Extension Economist in the Department of Agricultural Economics at Texas A&M University (Conrad P. and J. Mark, “Measuring Competition for Textiles: Does the U.S. Make the Grade?”, Texas Tech University, The International Cotton Research Center at Texas Tech University, presented at the Southern Agricultural Economics Association, 2/18/2004, http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/34616/1/sp04ly01.pdf, Deech)

This study evaluates the competitiveness of U.S. manufacturers of cotton ...seen the greatest percentage gains in RCA values from 1989 to 2001, increasing 55%.


 * This is good — two impacts —**


 * First is Xinjiang — the plan ends Chinese encroachment on Xinjiang province**
 * Zhao and Tisdell, 9** — professor of agricultural economics at Wuhan University of Science and Engineering, AND, professor at the School of Economics, The University of Queensland (Xufu and Clem, “The Sustainability of Cotton Production in China and in Australia: Comparative Economic and Environmental Issues”, ECONOMICS, ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, Working Paper No. 157, The University of Queensland, June 2009, http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/55338/2/WP%20157.pdf, Deech)

Although globally China has retained its position .... those countries in sustaining their cotton supplies.


 * Specifically, the success of the Chinese cotton industry causes mass migrations to Xinjiang**
 * Giglio, 12** (Davide, “Separatism And The War On Terror In China’s Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region”, thesis presented in completion of a Certificate-of-Training in United Nations Peace Support Operations, Peace Operations Training Institute, 2/22/2012, http://media.peaceopstraining.org/theses/giglio.pdf, Deech)

The development, from the 1950s, of mineral.... to seek work in the growing manufacturing economy.


 * The impact is Xinjianian terrorism**
 * Hays, 8 —** former professor and lecturer on East Asian affairs (Jeffrey, “TERRORISM, TERRORIST GROUPS AND ANTI-TERRORIST EFFORTS IN IN XINJIANG”, Facts and Details, October 2011, http://factsanddetails.com/china.php?itemid=1004&catid=5&subcatid=89#7708, Deech)

Beijing blames outside agitators and foreign-based terrorist groups for the unrest, ... have anything to do with Al-Qaeda and were generally supportive of the United States because it pressured China.


 * That causes WMD theft**
 * Ferguson and Potter, 4** **— pr**esident of the Federation of American Scientists, former project director of the Independent Task Force on U.S. Nuclear Weapons Policy at the Council on Foreign Relations, adjunct professor in the security studies program at Georgetown University, former scientist-in-residence at the Monterey Institute’s Center for Nonproliferation Studies, winner of the 2003 Robert S. Landauer Lecture Award from the Health Physics Society, consultant for Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, and the National Nuclear Security Administration, former physical scientist in the Office of the Senior Coordinator for Nuclear Safety at the U.S. Department of State, co-chairman of the U.S.-Japan Nuclear Working Group, M.A. and Ph.D. in physics from Boston University, AND, Sam Nunn and Richard Lugar Professor of Nonproliferation Studies and Founding Director of the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies, member of the Council on Foreign Relations, member of the International Advisory Board of the Center for Policy Studies in Russia (Charles D. and William C., “The Four Faces of Nuclear Terrorism”, Nuclear Threat Initiative, Monterey Institute, Center for Nonproliferation Studies, 2004, http://jeffreyfields.net/427/Site/Blog/30F67A03-182C-4FC7-9EFD-A7C321F6DC8D_files/analysis_4faces.pdf, Deech)

China has been gradually modernizing its ... an intact nuclear weapon in that country.


 * Causes extinction**
 * Cui, 12** (Jia, “No mercy for terrorist acts in Xinjiang”, China Daily, 3/8/2012, http://www.chinadailyapac.com/article/no-mercy-terrorist-acts-xinjiang, Deech)

Many incidents of terrorism -related violence th ** ... **terrorism is threatening the lives of all people in the world**."**


 * The Second Impact is Chinese Textiles – The industry is failing now due to rising costs**
 * PRC Ministry of Commerce 8** (4/25, "Chinese textile firms struggle to survive in 2008", China Textile Network Company, []) EL

Textile firms, once an export engine of China, a.... , without giving his name.


 * Increased US cotton exports key to the Chinese textile industry**
 * Asia Times 06 -** 12/6 [http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China_Business/HL06Cb01.html, “China's cotton conundrum”) EL

Quantity import of foreign cotton has met the .... terms of delivery date and higher quality.


 * Chinese Textile Industry prevents CCP instability**
 * Stratfor 8** - subscription-based provider of geopolitical analysis 6/12 [China: Rescuing the Textile Industry, []] //EL//

//S//ample Article: China: Rescuing the Textile Industry .... trade surplus figures become irrelevant, to the regime at least.


 * Risk of lash out is high**
 * Friedberg 10,** Professor of Politics and International Affairs – Princeton, Asia Expert – CFR, ’10 (Aaron, “Implications of the Financial Crisis for the US-China Rivalry,” Survival, Volume 52, Issue 4, August, p. 31 – 54)

Despite its magnitude, Beijing.... and perhaps unexpectedly aggressive, ways.

(Herbert and Ian, China Threat: Perception, Myths, and Reality, p. 5) The fourth factor contributing to the perception of a china threat is.... China would also pose a threat to its neighbours and the world.
 * Goes nuclear**
 * Yee 2,** Associate Professor of Government @ Hong Kong Baptist University, and Storey, Asian-Pacific Center for Security Studies, ‘2

San **Renxing 5,** Staff Writer @ The Epoch Times, 8/5 ([])
 * Causes bio-war**

Since the Party’s life is “above all else,” it would not be surprising if the CCP ... hold one billion people hostage and gamble with their lives.


 * Extinction**
 * Ochs, 2** [Richard, BS in Natural Resource Management from Rutgers University, with honors, BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS MUST BE IMMEDIATELY ABOLISHED, http://www .freefromterror.net/other_articles/abolish.html

Of all the weapons of mass destruction, the genetically engineered biological weapons,... HUMAN EXTINCTION IS NOW POSSIBLE.


 * Scenario Two is Ag**


 * U.S. ag exports are facing a crisis of competitiveness**
 * AgriMoney, 2/20 - i**nvestors' link to the food chain. The increasing numbers of mouths to feed, the demand for ever-more sophisticated diets, and the potential for turning food into fuel has turned the growing business into big business. Agriculture, to which financial markets owe a debt of history, is back at the forefront of investment thinking.(“US crop exports face 'crisis of competitiveness'”, Agrimoney.Com, 2/20/12, []

US grain exporters face a "crisis of competitiveness " .... including those which produce vomitoxin.


 * Sustaining US agricultural exports depends on capacity upgrades in port infrastructure**
 * Khachatryan and Casavant 11**—Research Associate and Director/Professor at the Freight Policy Transportation Institute at the School of Economic Sciences at Washington State Unviersity (Hayk and Ken, THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN U.S. TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENTS AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE, [], EL)

The efficient and affordable freight transportation system .... operates about 12,000 miles of waterways in the US. The CSRS links the Pacific Northwest (PNW) economy to the rest of the world through the 16 ports


 * The Panama Canal expansion will shift global trade patterns away from the Gulf Coast without port upgrades – this cuts off US grain exports**
 * Stallman 12** – President of the American Farm Bureau (Bob, “Update Our Ports or Miss the Boat”, American Farm Bureau, April 2012, http://www.fb.org/index.php?action=newsroom.agendas&year=2012&file=ag04-2012.html) MGD

Someone once said that it’s not leaving port, .... investment in infrastructure, we will literally miss the boat.


 * U.S. agricultural competitiveness solves extinction**
 * Lugar, 4** **–** U.S. Senator – Indiana, (Richard, “Plant Power” Our Planet v. 14 n. 3, http://www.unep.org/OurPlanet/imgversn/143/lugar.html

In a world confronted by global terrorism, turmoil in the Middle East, b.... humanitarian role in the survival of billions of people and the health of our planet.


 * Specifically, it’s key to Pakistan stability**
 * Ganguly in ‘8** --Director of Research @ Center on American and Global Security @ Indiana U (Sumit,., Newsweek, “The Other Threat to Pakistan”, 6-23, EL

The new aid, investments and remittances significantly buoyed .... and keeps the military in check. But time is fast running out.


 * The impact is global nuclear war**
 * Morgan ‘7-**- Former Member of the British Labour Party Executive committee (Stephen, “Better another Taliban Afghanistan, than a Taliban NUCLEAR Pakistan!?” []) EL

Fundamentalism is deeply rooted in Pakistan s.... than a Taliban NUCLEAR Pakistan! »


 * Agriculture is key to democracy**
 * APLU, 02** - The Association of Public and Land-grant Universities (A ۰ P ۰ L ۰ U) is a research and advocacy organization of public research universities, land-grant institutions, and state university systems with member campuses in all 50 states, U.S. territories and the District of Columbia. The association is governed by a Chair and a Board of Directors elected from the member universities and university systems. President Peter McPherson directs a staff of about 45 at the national office in Washington, D.C. (Association of Public and Land-Grant Universities, “International Development Agricultural Coordinating Committee” 3/31/2002, APLU, []

International Development Agricultural Coordinating Committee I.... the transition to industrial growth


 * Extinction**
 * Diamond 95**-** senior fellow at the Hoover institution, prof of political science at Stanford (Larry, “Promoting Democracy in the 1990s,” [])

OTHER THREATS This hardly exhausts the ....international security and prosperity can be built.

PLAN

 * Thus, The Plan: The United States federal government should substantially increase its investment in expedited port deepening projects in the United States.**

**Contention 4 is solvency…**
**Woodley Jr. 8** — Chairman – PIANC (Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses) USA (John Paul, “Dredging key to keeping nation’s economy afloat”, Seaports Magazine, [], Summer) EL
 * Federal leadership is vital to expediting new projects and coordinating federal agencies**

Like many nations, the United States will be challenged o...America’s economy strong for generations to come.

**USA Today 11** – news agency (Larry Copeland, “A goal to be port of call for all; U.S. sites digging in to accommodate big ships,” USA Today, October 3, 2011, lexis)//CB
 * The plan will allow the US to double exports in the next 5 years**

It's just before noon on a recent weekday, ... those ports that can accommodate their ships. This will keep us very competitive."