Eileen+&+Amelia 

1ac Plan
====Plan: The United States federal government should substantially increase its investment in transportation infrastructure by establishing a national infrastructure bank. ====

We will isolate 3 internal links ---
====__First is declining infrastructure __ --- it is undermining the __foundation__ of the U.S. economy ==== Donohue, 11  --- president and chief executive officer of the US Chamber of Commerce (9/8/2011, Thomas J., Christian Science Monitor, “The highway to jobs - via better infrastructure,” Factiva, JMP)

This negatively influences the __entire economy__ --- prevents a __resilient__ supply chain
Little, 11  -- - Director, Keston Institute for Public Finance and Infrastructure Policy (4/5/2011, Richard, “Infrastructure Investment and U.S. Competitiveness,”  [] , JMP)

__Second __ is stimulus ---
====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">Confidence is collapsing now and destroying investment --- a national infrastructure bank is the __best short term stimulus__ that __doesn’t drive up the deficit__ ==== <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">Skidelsky & Martin, 11 <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 5pt;">--- * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">Emeritus Professor of Political Economy at the University of Warwick, AND **macroeconomist and bond investor <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">(3/30/2011, Robert Skidelsky and Felix Martin, New York Review of Books, “For a National Investment Bank,” <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> [] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">, JMP)

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">The economy won’t recover quickly or sufficiently enough on its own --- A national bank will stimulate the economy and boost jobs
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">Skidelsky & Martin, 11 <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">--- *Emeritus Professor of Political Economy at the University of Warwick, AND **macroeconomist and bond investor <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">(3/30/2011, Robert Skidelsky and Felix Martin, New York Review of Books, “For a National Investment Bank,” <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> [] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">, JMP)

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">Studies prove the plan is a __uniquely beneficial__ form of stimulus
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">Tyson, 11 <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">--- Chan Chair in Global Management at UC Berkeley's Haas School of Business (Laura D., “A Better Stimulus Plan for the U.S. Economy,” <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> [] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">, JMP)

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">This is triggering a major economic crisis --- outweighs the deficit and is best solved by the plan
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">Tyson, 11 <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 6pt;">--- professor at the Haas School of Business at Cal Berkeley and former chair of the Council of Economic Advisers and the head of the National Economic Council under President Clinton (8/18/2011, Laura D’Andrea Tyson, “What it will take for President Obama and big business to bring back American jobs,” <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;"> [] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 6pt;">, JMP)


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">And, a weak economy causes conflict – all empirical analysis goes our way **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Royal 10 **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">– Jedediah Royal, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, (Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises, Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215)


 * <span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">Growth eliminates the only rational incentives for war **


 * <span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">Gartzke 11 **<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;"> – associate Professor of political science at the University of California, San Diego PhD from Iowa and B.A. from UCSF Erik, "SECURITY IN AN INSECURE WORLD" <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;"> www.cato-unbound.org/2011/02/09/erik-gartzke/security-in-an-insecure-world/

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">The plan will revive confidence in demand and spur a self-sustaining private sector recovery
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">Skidelsky & Martin, 11 <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">--- *Emeritus Professor of Political Economy at the University of Warwick, AND **macroeconomist and bond investor <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">(3/30/2011, Robert Skidelsky and Felix Martin, New York Review of Books, “For a National Investment Bank,” <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> [] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">, JMP)

====__<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">Transportation infrastructure investment __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;"> is key --- boosts jobs and attracts businesses. A __federal bank__ spurs critical public-private partnerships. ==== <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">Tyson, 11 <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 5pt;"> - <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">-- professor at the Haas School of Business at UC Berkeley (6/3/2011, Laura D’Andrea Tyson, NYT Blogs, “The Virtues of Investing in Transportation; Economix,” Factiva, JMP)


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">The US is the underpinning of the global economy **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">RAHMAN ‘11 **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">- former Ambassador and Chairman of the Centre for Foreign Affairs Studies. (Ashfaqur . “Another global recession?”. August 21. http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=199461)

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">Declining transportation infrastructure is decking U.S. competitiveness and hegemony
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">AGC, 11 <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 5pt;"> ( <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">5/19/2011, The Associated General Contractors of America, “THE CASE FOR INFRASTRUCTURE & REFORM: Why and How the Federal Government Should Continue to Fund Vital Infrastructure in the New Age of Public Austerity,” <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> [] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">, JMP)

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">Federal __leadership__ key to reverse decline in competitiveness
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">Buchanan, 9 <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">--- Associate Professor at The George Washington University Law School, and a former economics professor (11/19/09, Neil H., “Why the U.S. Government Must Invest in Infrastructure Now, Or Pay A Steep Cost,” <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> [] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">, JMP)

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">This also wrecks U.S. global __economic leadership__
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">Alessi, 11 <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">(9/8/2011, Christopher, “Banking on U.S. Infrastructure Revival,” <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> [] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">, JMP)


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">This is key to an American economic model – the alternative is mercantilism -- destroys economic cooperation, environment and risks protectionism **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">Posen 9 **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;"> – Deputy director and senior fellow of the Peterson Institute for International Economics (Adam, “Economic leadership beyond the crisis,” http://clients.squareeye.com/uploads/foresight/documents/PN%20USA_FINAL_LR_1.pdf)


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">Protectionism causes terrorism and global wars –extinction **


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">Panzner 8 **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;"> – faculty at the New York Institute of Finance, 25-year veteran of the global stock, bond, and currency markets who has worked in New York and London for HSBC, Soros Funds, ABN Amro, Dresdner Bank, and JPMorgan Chase (Michael, “Financial Armageddon: Protect Your Future from Economic Collapse,” p. 136-138)

Statistical evidence proves

 * Owen 11** John M. Owen Professor of Politics at University of Virginia PhD from Harvard "DON’T DISCOUNT HEGEMONY" Feb 11 [|www.cato-unbound.org/2011/02/11/john-owen/dont-discount-hegemony/]


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">Competitiveness prevents great power nuclear war. **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">Khalilzad, ’11 **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">[Zalmay Khalilzad was the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush and the director of policy planning at the Defense Department from 1990 to 1992, “ The Economy and National Security”, 2-8-11, [] ]


 * <span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">Slow growth makes the US uncooperative and desperate – leads to hegemonic wars **
 * <span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">Goldstein 7 **<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;"> - Professor of Global Politics and International Relations @ University of Pennsylvania, Avery Goldstein, “Power transitions, institutions, and China's rise in East Asia: Theoretical expectations and evidence,” Journal of Strategic Studies, Volume 30 , Issue 4 & 5 August 2007, pages 639 – 682

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Contention __3___ is Solvency ---
====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">A national bank devoted just to transportation will revitalize U.S. infrastructure --- it will be easy on the budget and politically palatable ==== <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">Lovaa, 11 <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">--- Federal Transportation Policy Director for NRDC (6/28/2011, Deron, “An Infrastructure Bank for Transportation,” <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> [] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">, JMP)

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">Federal action key to ensure cooperation and resources for __large-scale__ projects
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">McConaghy & Kessler, 11 <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 5pt;"> --- <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">* Director of the Third Way Economic Program, AND **Vice President for Policy at Third Way (January 2011, Ryan McConaghy and Jim Kessler, “A National Infrastructure Bank,” <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> [] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">, JMP)

Transportation investment works—sustains both supply and demand with huge payoffs
Tyson, 10 – professor of economics at UC Berkeley (Laura, “The Case for a Multi-Year Infrastructure Investment Plan,” New America Foundation, 9/6/2010, [|http://www.newamerica.net/publications/policy/the_case_for_a_multi_year_infrastructure_investment_plan)//HK]


 * Infrastructure spending is timely, project backlogs mean they’re ready to go**
 * CRS 9**-Congression Research Service(“The Role of Public Works Infrastructure in Economic Stimulus, January 6, HeinOnline)//EL


 * Infrastructure bank comparatively better than TIFIA funding process**
 * Snyder, 11** --- Streetsblog's Capitol Hill editor in September 2010 after covering Congress for Pacifica and public radio (10/28/2011, Tanya, “Why Create an Infrastructure Bank When We Could Just Expand TIFIA?” [], JMP)

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">Reauthorized TIFIA will fail to achieve federal transportation goals – MAP-21 gutted project criteria
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">Snyder 7/3/12 – Washington editor for Streets Blog (Tanya Snyder, “Under New Bill, America’s Transpo Loan Program Ignores National Goals” http://dc.streetsblog.org/2012/07/03/americas-transpo-loan-program-to-reward-punctuality-not-innovation/)//KX


 * Only federal action solves**
 * HALLEMAN ‘11** - Business graduate with analytical and program management experience across a range of transportation and infrastructure issues; Head of Communications & Media Relations at International Road Federation (Brendan, “Establishing a National Infrastructure Bank - examining precedents and potential”, October 2011, [] )