Brian+and+Sita

1AC Potential Plans: 1. The United States federal government should mandate that the Federal Communications Commission substantially curtail federal surveillance of data in the custody of United States corporations. 2. The United States federal government should mandate that the Federal Communications Commission substantially curtail federal surveillance of data in the custody of United States persons. 3. The United States Congress should mandate that the Federal Communications Commission substantially curtail federal surveillance of data in the custody of United States corporations. 4. The Federal Communications Commission should substantially curtail federal surveillance of data in the custody of United States corporations.

Legal prohibitions bar NSA domestic surveillance – but the lack of a __credible oversight mechanism__ means the NSA actively captures US person data through section 702 and XO 12333
The NSA, originally formed to monitor outside threats to the security of the United AND opinion shows that Americans are dissatisfied with the reach of government surveillance.29
 * Healey, 14** - J.D. Candidate, The George Washington University Law School (Audra, “A Tale of Two Agencies: Exploring Oversight of the National Security Administration by the Federal Communications Commission”, FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS LAW JOURNAL Vol. 67, December)

Existing oversight mechanisms guarantee NSA circumvention of prohibitions on domestic surveillance – that creates a __confidence crisis__ in the future of the internet
III. OVERSIGHT IS NEEDED, AND THE FCC SHOULD PROVIDE IT A. AND all preventive executive, legislative, and internal controls have not been effective.
 * Healey, 14** - J.D. Candidate, The George Washington University Law School (Audra, “A Tale of Two Agencies: Exploring Oversight of the National Security Administration by the Federal Communications Commission”, FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS LAW JOURNAL Vol. 67, December)

The __perception__ that the NSA is using Executive Order 12333 to circumvent section 702 of the FISA Amendments Act is causing a backlash against US tech companies and driving global data localization
Beyond 215 and FAA, media reports have suggested that there have been collection programs AND , the checks within FAA are stronger than those under 12333 acting alone.
 * Eoyang, 14** - Mieke Eoyang is the Director of the National Security Program at Third Way, a center-left think tank. She previously served as Defense Policy Advisor to Senator Edward M. Kennedy, and a subcommittee staff director on the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, as well as as Chief of Staff to Rep. Anna Eshoo (D-Palo Alto) (“A Modest Proposal: FAA Exclusivity for Collection Involving U.S. Technology Companies” Lawfare, 11/24, []

====FCC oversight of the NSA curtails __bulk__ internet surveillance and enforces __targeted__ surveillance that excludes domestic users. FCC __technical expertise__ and __transparency__ prevent circumvention==== IV. HOW THE FCC SHOULD ADDRESS THE NSA SURVEILLANCE: IMPLEMENTING THE SOLUTION
 * Healey, 14** - J.D. Candidate, The George Washington University Law School (Audra, “A Tale of Two Agencies: Exploring Oversight of the National Security Administration by the Federal Communications Commission”, FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS LAW JOURNAL Vol. 67, December)

AND to the oversight of the NSA and Congress should pursue codifying this solution.

FCC __public visibility__, __expertise__ in communication tech, and __data analysis__ curb overreaching and boost __public__ and __industry__ __confidence__ in privacy protection
C. The FCC mission can be naturally expanded to protect privacy in relation to AND agency particularly well-suited to provide helpful insights to the FISA Court.
 * Healey, 14** - J.D. Candidate, The George Washington University Law School (Audra, “A Tale of Two Agencies: Exploring Oversight of the National Security Administration by the Federal Communications Commission”, FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS LAW JOURNAL Vol. 67, December)

The plan’s curtailment of surveillance of U.S. companies to exclusive section 702 authority is vital to restoring domestic and international trust in surveillance
Fixing the Problem Means Changing the Existing Legal Framework Currently, the U. AND , they bring with them American values, including those of privacy protections.
 * Eoyang and Bishai, 15** - *Mieke Eoyang is the Director of the National Security Program at Third Way, a center-left think tank. She previously served as Defense Policy Advisor to Senator Edward M. Kennedy, and a subcommittee staff director on the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, as well as as Chief of Staff to Rep. Anna Eshoo (D-Palo Alto); **Chrissy Bishai is a Fellow at Third Way (“Restoring Trust between U.S. Companies and Their Government on Surveillance Issues” 3/19, []

The perception of surveillance overreach wrecks the US internet freedom agenda
The effects of the NSA disclosures on the Internet Freedom agenda //go beyond the realm// //AND// overall decline in U.S. soft power on free expression issues.
 * Kehl, 14** – Policy Analyst at New America’s Open Technology Institute (Danielle, “Surveillance Costs: The NSA’s Impact on the Economy, Internet Freedom & Cybersecurity” July, []

====The US needs to draw a __sharp distinction__ between domestic and national security surveillance to make the US Internet Freedom agenda credible – otherwise __global internet fragmentation__ will result==== The 2013 revelations of mass surveillance by the U.S. government transformed the AND that EU officials said stemmed directly from worries after the Snowden disclosures.32
 * Fontaine, 14** – President of the Center for a New American Security; was foreign policy advisor to Senator John McCain for more than five years; Worked at the State Department, the National Security Council and the Senate Foreign Relations Committee; was associate director for near Eastern affairs at the National Security Council; B.A. in International Relations from Tulan University (Richard, “Bringing Liberty Online; Reenergizing the Internet Freedom Agenda in a Post-Snowden Era”, Center for a New American Security, September 18, 2014, [|http://www.cnas.org/sites/default/files/publications-pdf/CNAS_BringingLibertyOnline_Fontaine.pdf)//TT]

That will collapse the global internet
The era of a global Internet may be passing. Governments across the world are AND surveillance, while at the same time increasing the risks of domestic surveillance.
 * Chandler and Le, 15** - * Director, California International Law Center, Professor of Law and Martin Luther King, Jr. Hall Research Scholar, University of California, Davis; A.B., Harvard College; J.D., Yale Law School AND **Free Speech and Technology Fellow, California International Law Center; A.B., Yale College; J.D., University of California, Davis School of Law (Anupam and Uyen, “DATA NATIONALISM” 64 Emory L.J. 677, lexis)

Data localization will destroy global economic growth
C. Economic Development Many governments believe that by forcing companies to localize data AND aggregating data across borders. We discuss the impacts on these trends below.
 * Chandler and Le, 15** - * Director, California International Law Center, Professor of Law and Martin Luther King, Jr. Hall Research Scholar, University of California, Davis; A.B., Harvard College; J.D., Yale Law School AND **Free Speech and Technology Fellow, California International Law Center; A.B., Yale College; J.D., University of California, Davis School of Law (Anupam and Uyen, “DATA NATIONALISM” 64 Emory L.J. 677, lexis)

Economic decline causes war
Auslin 9 - (Michael, Resident Scholar – American Enterprise Institute, and Desmond Lachman – Resident Fellow – American Enterprise Institute, “The Global Economy Unravels”, Forbes, 3-6, http://www.aei.org/article/100187) What do these trends mean in the short and medium term? The Great Depression AND __result may be a series of small explosions that coalesce into a big bang__

We have strong statistical support of our impact
Royal 10 — Jedidiah Royal, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, M.Phil. Candidate at the University of New South Wales, 2010 (“Economic Integration, Economic Signalling and the Problem of Economic Crises,” //Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives//, Edited by Ben Goldsmith and Jurgen Brauer, Published by Emerald Group Publishing, ISBN 0857240048, p. 213-215) Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict AND such, the view presented here should be considered ancillary to those views.

NSA surveillance is __crushing__ U.S. cloud-computing – __decks competitiveness__ and spills over to the __entire tech sector__
Donohue 15 – Professor of Law, Georgetown Law and Director, Center on National Security and the Law, Georgetown Law (Lauren, HIGH TECHNOLOGY, CONSUMER PRIVACY, AND U.S. NATIONAL SECURITY, Symposium Articles, 4 Am. U. Bus. L. Rev. 11 p.15-18, 2015, Hein Online)//JJ I. ECONOMIC IMPACT OF NSA PROGRAMS The NSA programs, and public awareness of AND __by U.S. firms, gaining market share in the process.__

The best and newest research confirms the link
This study is the first to provide //substantial empirical documentation// of a chilling effect, AND potential for effects of government surveillance practices on commercial outcomes and international competitiveness.
 * Marthews and Tucker, 15 **– * National Chair at Restore the Fourth AND **PhD in economics and professor of Marketing at MIT (Alex and Catherine, “Government Surveillance and Internet Search Behavior”, 29 April 2015, [[file:///C:\Users\17GGonzalez\Downloads\SSRN-id2412564%20(2).pdf)\gg|file:///C:/Users/17GGonzalez/Downloads/SSRN-id2412564%20(2).pdf)//]]gg

The brink is now: Space debris risks massive collisions with satellites and aircrafts
Science Daily 5/6, frontier news source for topical science articles, (5/6/15, University of Southampton, Space debris from satellite explosion increases collision risk for space craft, Science Daily, http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/05/150506084549.htm)//AK On 3 February 2015, the DMSP F13 satellite exploded in orbit producing over an AND vicinity, even if the risk from the larger fragments has been discounted."

Cloud computing is vital to SSA and stopping space debris
Johnston et al 13 – Ph.D. with the Computational Engineering and Design Group (CED) at the University of Southampton, MEng degree in Software Engineering from the School of Electronics and Computer Science, Senior Research Fellow for the Faculty of Engineering and the Environment at University of Southampton (Steven, Neil O’Brien – Senior Technical Recruiter at Colloco Search, Hugh Lewis – Astronautics Research Group at the University of Southampton, PhD, Elizabeth Hart – School of Engineering Science at Southampton University, Adam White – School of Engineering Science at Southampton University, Simon Cox – professor of Computational Methods and Director of the Microsoft Institute for High Performance Computing, PhD, Clouds in Space: Scientific Computing using Windows Azure, Journal of Cloud Computing, 2013, [|http://www.journalofcloudcomputing.com/content/pdf/2192-113X-2-2.pdf)//JJ] The space surveillance and tracking segment of ESA’s space situational awareness ( //SSA// ) system AND which it facilitates the side-by-side comparison of alternative algorithms.

SSA’s specifically key to asteroid detection
//Humanity has the skills// and know-how to deflect a killer asteroid of virtually AND he said. "//You cannot deflect an asteroid you haven't yet found//."
 * Wall, 13** – senior writer at space.com (Mike, Space.com, “How Humanity Could Deflect a Giant Killer Asteroid”, 11/22/13, [], //11)

The brink is now: Space debris risks massive collisions with satellites and aircrafts
Science Daily 5/6, frontier news source for topical science articles, (5/6/15, University of Southampton, Space debris from satellite explosion increases collision risk for space craft, Science Daily, http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/05/150506084549.htm)//AK On 3 February 2015, the DMSP F13 satellite exploded in orbit producing over an AND vicinity, even if the risk from the larger fragments has been discounted."

Srsly, extinction fam
Once upon a time there was a Big Bang... Cause/Effect - Cause AND ” in favor of rational random inevitable expectation... and its attendant fear.
 * Brownfield 4** (Roger, Gaishiled Project, “A Million Miles a Day”, Presentation at the Planetary Defense Conference: Protecting Earth From Asteroids, 2-26, [|http://www.aiaa.org/content.cfm?pageid=406&gTable= Paper&g] ID=17092//cc)

Satellite Collapse causes extinction
Moore 9 – Professor of Economics and International Affairs, M.S. and Ph.D. in economics from the University of Wisconsin-Madison (Mike, Space Debris: From Nuisance to Nightmare, Foreign Policy, 2/12/9, [|http://foreignpolicy.com/2009/02/12/space-debris-from-nuisance-to-nightmare/)//JJ] When satellites collide in space, should ordinary people be worried? Here's a scenario AND  If not, the space-is-ruined scenario could become reality.

Legal prohibitions bar NSA domestic surveillance – but the lack of a __credible enforcement mechanism__ means the NSA actively captures US person data through section 702 and XO 12333
The NSA, originally formed to monitor outside threats to the security of the United AND opinion shows that Americans are dissatisfied with the reach of government surveillance.29
 * Healey, 14** - J.D. Candidate, The George Washington University Law School (Audra, “A Tale of Two Agencies: Exploring Oversight of the National Security Administration by the Federal Communications Commission”, FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS LAW JOURNAL Vol. 67, December)

Existing enforcement mechanisms guarantee NSA circumvention of prohibitions on domestic surveillance – that creates a __confidence crisis__ in the future of the internet
III. OVERSIGHT IS NEEDED, AND THE FCC SHOULD PROVIDE IT A. AND all preventive executive, legislative, and internal controls have not been effective.
 * Healey, 14** - J.D. Candidate, The George Washington University Law School (Audra, “A Tale of Two Agencies: Exploring Oversight of the National Security Administration by the Federal Communications Commission”, FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS LAW JOURNAL Vol. 67, December)

====FCC enforcement of the NSA curtails __bulk__ internet surveillance and enforces __targeted__ surveillance that excludes domestic users. FCC __technical expertise__ and __transparency__ prevent circumvention==== IV. HOW THE FCC SHOULD ADDRESS THE NSA SURVEILLANCE: IMPLEMENTING THE SOLUTION
 * Healey, 14** - J.D. Candidate, The George Washington University Law School (Audra, “A Tale of Two Agencies: Exploring Oversight of the National Security Administration by the Federal Communications Commission”, FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS LAW JOURNAL Vol. 67, December)

AND to the oversight of the NSA and Congress should pursue codifying this solution.

FCC __public visibility__, __expertise__ in communication tech, and __data analysis__ curb overreaching and boost __public__ and __industry__ __confidence__ in privacy protection
C. The FCC mission can be naturally expanded to protect privacy in relation to AND agency particularly well-suited to provide helpful insights to the FISA Court.
 * Healey, 14** - J.D. Candidate, The George Washington University Law School (Audra, “A Tale of Two Agencies: Exploring Oversight of the National Security Administration by the Federal Communications Commission”, FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS LAW JOURNAL Vol. 67, December)

The perception of surveillance overreach wrecks the US internet freedom agenda
The effects of the NSA disclosures on the Internet Freedom agenda //go beyond the realm// //AND// overall decline in U.S. soft power on free expression issues.
 * Kehl, 14** – Policy Analyst at New America’s Open Technology Institute (Danielle, “Surveillance Costs: The NSA’s Impact on the Economy, Internet Freedom & Cybersecurity” July, []

====The US needs to draw a __sharp distinction__ between domestic and national security surveillance to make the US Internet Freedom agenda credible – otherwise __global internet fragmentation__ will result==== The 2013 revelations of mass surveillance by the U.S. government transformed the AND that EU officials said stemmed directly from worries after the Snowden disclosures.32
 * Fontaine, 14** – President of the Center for a New American Security; was foreign policy advisor to Senator John McCain for more than five years; Worked at the State Department, the National Security Council and the Senate Foreign Relations Committee; was associate director for near Eastern affairs at the National Security Council; B.A. in International Relations from Tulan University (Richard, “Bringing Liberty Online; Reenergizing the Internet Freedom Agenda in a Post-Snowden Era”, Center for a New American Security, September 18, 2014, [|http://www.cnas.org/sites/default/files/publications-pdf/CNAS_BringingLibertyOnline_Fontaine.pdf)//TT]

That will collapse the global internet
The era of a global Internet may be passing. Governments across the world are AND surveillance, while at the same time increasing the risks of domestic surveillance.
 * Chandler and Le, 15** - * Director, California International Law Center, Professor of Law and Martin Luther King, Jr. Hall Research Scholar, University of California, Davis; A.B., Harvard College; J.D., Yale Law School AND **Free Speech and Technology Fellow, California International Law Center; A.B., Yale College; J.D., University of California, Davis School of Law (Anupam and Uyen, “DATA NATIONALISM” 64 Emory L.J. 677, lexis)

Data localization will destroy global economic growth
C. Economic Development Many governments believe that by forcing companies to localize data AND aggregating data across borders. We discuss the impacts on these trends below.
 * Chandler and Le, 15** - * Director, California International Law Center, Professor of Law and Martin Luther King, Jr. Hall Research Scholar, University of California, Davis; A.B., Harvard College; J.D., Yale Law School AND **Free Speech and Technology Fellow, California International Law Center; A.B., Yale College; J.D., University of California, Davis School of Law (Anupam and Uyen, “DATA NATIONALISM” 64 Emory L.J. 677, lexis)

Economic decline causes war
Auslin 9 - (Michael, Resident Scholar – American Enterprise Institute, and Desmond Lachman – Resident Fellow – American Enterprise Institute, “The Global Economy Unravels”, Forbes, 3-6, http://www.aei.org/article/100187) What do these trends mean in the short and medium term? The Great Depression AND __result may be a series of small explosions that coalesce into a big bang__

We have strong statistical support of our impact
Royal 10 — Jedidiah Royal, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, M.Phil. Candidate at the University of New South Wales, 2010 (“Economic Integration, Economic Signalling and the Problem of Economic Crises,” //Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives//, Edited by Ben Goldsmith and Jurgen Brauer, Published by Emerald Group Publishing, ISBN 0857240048, p. 213-215) Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict AND such, the view presented here should be considered ancillary to those views.

NSA surveillance is __crushing__ U.S. cloud-computing – __decks competitiveness__ and spills over to the __entire tech sector__
Donohue 15 – Professor of Law, Georgetown Law and Director, Center on National Security and the Law, Georgetown Law (Lauren, HIGH TECHNOLOGY, CONSUMER PRIVACY, AND U.S. NATIONAL SECURITY, Symposium Articles, 4 Am. U. Bus. L. Rev. 11 p.15-18, 2015, Hein Online)//JJ I. ECONOMIC IMPACT OF NSA PROGRAMS The NSA programs, and public awareness of AND __by U.S. firms, gaining market share in the process.__

Tech leadership is the __primary driver of hegemony__ –
Weiss 14 – Fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia, Professor Emeritus in Government and International Relations at the University of Sydney, Honorary Professor of Political Science at Aarhus University. (Linda, America Inc.?: Innovation and Enterprise in the National Security State, Cornell University Press, 4/1/14, p. 1-3)//JJ *NSS=National Security State So __what accounts for America’s transformative capacity__? AND primarily) a commercial matter—even when the NSS "goes commercial.

Hegemonic decline causes great power wars
(Yuhan, “America’s decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry”, 1-22, [], ldg) This does not necessarily mean that the US is in systemic decline, but it AND forecast in a future that will inevitably be devoid of unrivalled US primacy.
 * Zhang et al., Carnegie Endowment researcher, 2011 **

Hegemonic decline leads to transition wars-empirics prove
Kupchan 14 < Security Studies [|Volume 23], [|Issue 2], 2014 The Normative Foundations of Hegemony and The Coming Challenge to Pax Americana Charles A. Kupchan Dr. Kupchan is Professor of International Affairs in the School of Foreign Service and Government Department at Georgetown University pages 219-257 [|Publishing models and article dates explained] Published online: 16 May 2014> In order to advance understanding of the normative dimensions of hegemony, this article has AND international order; they wish to gain more authority and leadership within it.”

Protectionism causes extinction
Panzner 8 (Michael, faculty at the New York Institute of Finance, 25-year veteran of the global stock, bond, and currency markets who has worked in New York and London for HSBC, Soros Funds, ABN Amro, Dresdner Bank, and JPMorgan Chase “Financial Armageddon: Protect Your Future from Economic Collapse,” pg. 136-138) Continuing calls for curbs on the flow of finance and trade will inspire the United AND between Muslims and Western societies as the beginnings of //a new world war//.

Cloud computing is vital to SSA and stopping space debris
Johnston et al 13 – Ph.D. with the Computational Engineering and Design Group (CED) at the University of Southampton, MEng degree in Software Engineering from the School of Electronics and Computer Science, Senior Research Fellow for the Faculty of Engineering and the Environment at University of Southampton (Steven, Neil O’Brien – Senior Technical Recruiter at Colloco Search, Hugh Lewis – Astronautics Research Group at the University of Southampton, PhD, Elizabeth Hart – School of Engineering Science at Southampton University, Adam White – School of Engineering Science at Southampton University, Simon Cox – professor of Computational Methods and Director of the Microsoft Institute for High Performance Computing, PhD, Clouds in Space: Scientific Computing using Windows Azure, Journal of Cloud Computing, 2013, [|http://www.journalofcloudcomputing.com/content/pdf/2192-113X-2-2.pdf)//JJ] The space surveillance and tracking segment of ESA’s space situational awareness ( //SSA// ) system AND he said. "//You cannot deflect an asteroid you haven't yet found//."

The brink is now: Space debris risks massive collisions with satellites and aircrafts
Science Daily 5/6, frontier news source for topical science articles, (5/6/15, University of Southampton, Space debris from satellite explosion increases collision risk for space craft, Science Daily, http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/05/150506084549.htm)//AK On 3 February 2015, the DMSP F13 satellite exploded in orbit producing over an AND vicinity, even if the risk from the larger fragments has been discounted."

Here’s a card that actually says asteroids cause extinction
Once upon a time there was a Big Bang... Cause/Effect - Cause AND ” in favor of rational random inevitable expectation... and its attendant fear. Potential Advantages and Impacts Tech Leadership (Heg and/or Asteroids and/or Satellites and/or protectionism) Data Globalization (Economy and/or legitimacy)
 * Brownfield 4** (Roger, Gaishiled Project, “A Million Miles a Day”, Presentation at the Planetary Defense Conference: Protecting Earth From Asteroids, 2-26, [|http://www.aiaa.org/content.cfm?pageid=406&gTable= Paper&g] ID=17092//cc)

2NRs: Ex-Post CP and Cuba Embassy PTX, TTIP CP and High Skilled Workers DA, Iran Deal PTX, Framework, Psychoanalysis K