Keenan+and%20Ryan

=**Affirmative - Afghanistan (Shared)**=


 * Keenan Harris - C.K. McClatchy High School (CA) - 2N**
 * Ryan Pristo - Pinecrest High School (FL) - 2A**

__Advantages:__ 1. Hegemony 2. Afghanistan Stability

__Pre-Empts:__ 1. Policymaking first 2. Focus on reps bad

__Plan Text:__

The Executive Branch of the United States Federal Government should issue an executive order phase out its troops from Afghanistan starting July 2011.

=**1AC Cites:**=

1AC - Inherency Contention 1 is Inherency -

1. Withdrawal is inevitable, but Obama signaled a shift from the original July 2011 timetable by instating Petraeus. Riedel, 6/28/10 - Former Obama Advisor (Bruce, Interview with Spiegel, “McChrystal has made a Fool of himself,” Spiegel, http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,703243,00.html CT)

And, Plan: The Executive Branch of the United States Federal Government should issue an executive order to substantially phase out its troops from Afghanistan at any point before July 2011.

Contention 2 is U.S. Hegemony -

1. Presence in Afghanistan co-opts American Hegemony – negative refutations are weak and don’t evaluate the adaptive nature of the region. Innocent, 9 – Foreign Policy Analyst Cato Institute (July 2009, CQ Researcher, “Afghanistan Dilemma” http://library.cqpress.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/cqresearcher/document.php?id=cqresrre2009080706&type=hitlist, IC)

2. Support for counterinsurgency will only last for 3 years. The American public will demand improvement by the end of the year. Such improvement is empirically denied – Communist China proves – withdraw is necessary to prevent public discontent. Gvosdev, 6/25/10 - former editor of the National Interest (Nikolas, “The Realist Prism: Knowing When to Walk Away from Afghanistan,” World Politics View, http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/5891/the-realist-prism-knowing-when-to-walk-away-from-afghanistan CT)

3. Material preponderance not key – if public support for engagement collapses, then hegemony will unravel Kupchan, 2 - Professor of International Relations, Georgetown University, (Charles A., The End of the American Era: US Foreign Policy and the Geopolitics of the Twenty-First Century, p. 63)

4. Counterinsurgency efforts in Afghanistan will overstretch the military. Dorronsoro 5/24 - Visiting Scholar @ Carnegie (Gilles, “The Case for Negotiations,” May 24th, Carnegie, http://www.carnegieendowment.org/publications/index.cfm?fa=view&id=40863)

5. U.S. overstreach is unsustainable – Historical Examples prove. Florig 2/6 - Hankuk University of Foreign Studies (Dennis, “Hegemonic Overreach vs. Imperial Overstretch,” 2/6, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID1548783_code1259934.pdf?abstractid=1548783&mirid=1 ) JB

6. Large military footprint in Afghanistan skewing spending in favor of defense spending. This kills US hegemony. Norris and Sweets 6/8 —Executive Director of Enough and a research associate at American Progress, (6/8/10, John and Andrew, Center for American Progress, “Less Is More: Sensible Defense Cuts to Boost Sustainable Security,” http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2010/06/less_is_more.html) CS

7. American primacy is vital to accessing every major impact—the only threat to world peace is if we allow it to collapse. Thayer 6 - Professor of security studies at Missouri State (November 2006, Bradley, The National Interest, “In Defense of Primacy”, November/December, p. 32-37)

Contention 3 is Afghan Stability -

US can’t win – Withdrawal is the only solution. O’ Connor 6/23 – former executive director of the Australian Defense Council (6/23/2010, Michael, “Best We Can Do is to Pull Out of Afghanistan” http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/opinion/best-we-can-do-is-to-pull-out-of-afghanistan/story-e6frg6zo-1225882965439) HG

Prolonging military presence in Afghanistan leads to Terrorist takeover of Pakistan. Kristof 9 - a columnist for The Times since 2001, is a two-time Pulitzer Prize winner (Nicholas D., 9/6, “The Afghanistan Abyss,” New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/06/opinion/06kristof.html?_r=1&pagewanted=print CT)

Terrorist takeover of Pakistan leads to nuclear war. Ricks 1 – senior fellow at the Center for a New American Security and covers Iraq for the Washington Post Staff Writer (Thomas E., 10/21/01, “Some Fear Regional Destabilization, Retribution Against U.S” http://cndyorks.gn.apc.org/news/articles/warconsequences.htm, IC)

Extinction Fai 1 (Ghulam Nabi; Executive director - Kashmiri American Council) Washington Times l/n wbw)

Contention 4 is Solvency -

Obama should follow deadline established in December 2009. Five reasons: (1) Karzai government corrupt, (2) presence increases Taliban’s funding, (3) U.S. won’t support drug lords, (4) Pakistan undermining US by funding Taliban, and (5) NATO is withdrawing in July 2011 and U.S. cannot fight alone. Sarro 6/23 - studied International Relations and Peace and Conflict Studies at the University of Toronto. (6/23/2010, Doug, “Five Reasons to Withdraw from Afghanistan Sooner Rather Than Later” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/doug-sarro/five-reasons-to-withdraw_b_621903.html) HG

Must withdraw U.S. troops to avoid military overstretch - Afghanistan is unique from Iraq Bacevich 8 - professor of history and international relations at Boston University (12/31/2008, “Winning in Afghanistan; Victory won’t look like what you think. Time to give up on nation building,” http://proquest.umi.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/pqdweb?) IK

Withdrawing troops is the only solution- this strategy would allow Afghanistan to stabilize. Cicilline, 6/28/10-served as a public defender in the District of Columbia before returning to Rhode Island to open a practice in civil rights law and criminal defense, began his career in public service in the Rhode Island House of Representatives, earned a reputation as a champion of political reform and is now a Democratic candidate for U.S. Congress. (David, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-cicilline/weve-changed-our-general_b_627677.html) CS

Now Preempts -

Debate should only include discussions that are policy relevant- their K self maginalizes itself out of politics and is therefore useless Nye 9 - Joseph Nye, professor at Harvard University and former dean of the Harvard Kennedy School. , BA suma cum laude Princeton, PhD Harvard, Former Chair National Intelligence Council, Former Asst. Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs, you know who he is, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/04/12/AR2009041202260_pf.html 4-13-09

There are no prior questions to problem oriented IR- empirical validity is a sufficient justification for action. Emphasis on metaphysical hurdles destroys any chance of effectively describing the world and guiding action Owen 2 - David Owen, Reader of Political Theory at the Univ. of Southampton, Millennium Vol 31 No 3 2002 p. 655-7

A focus on representations destroys social change by ignoring political and material constraints Taft-Kaufman, 95 (Jill, professor, Department of Speech Communication And Dramatic Arts, at Central Michigan University, Southern Communication Journal, Spring, proquest)