Chris+&+Harrison

=AFF=


 * The advantages are pretty susceptible to change and they'll probably change every debate or two. You should ask Harrison before a debate what the advantages are going to be.**

1AC

Topic Education First, transportation infrastructure is financed in one of two ways – through the general fund, or through increased revenue – Stimulus Programs finance through the general fund while failing to repair the Highway Trust Fund Artba 2k10 (American Road and Transportation Builders Association to the National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform "The Contribution of the Federal Transportation Investment Programs to Fiscal Responsibility and Deficit Reduction," pg online @ [] //um-ef)// //Transportation Investment and User Financing When Congress created the National System of Interstate and Defense// //AND// //supporting a federal motor fuels excise increase to finance an expanded transportation improvements.//

//Second, Congress just passed a MASSIVE transportation bill – it should have triggered your disads, but didn~’t fix the Highway Trust Fund// //Snyder 6/26// //(Tanya Snyder became Streetsblog~’s Capitol Hill editor in September 2010 after covering Congress for Pacifica and public radio. She lives car-free in a transit-oriented and bike-friendly neighborhood of Washington, DC., pg online @ [] //um-ef) Congressional leaders announced opaquely last week that they~’d "moved forward" on a deal AND that’s a lot of complicated math just to avoid raising the gas tax.

Energy Policy ADVANTAGE ONE IS ENERGY POLICY

First, current Federal Energy Strategies fail – they impose market distortions, and ineffective constraints on private industry Turgeon 2k10 (Evan N. Turgeon, Legal Associate at the Cato Institute; J.D.University of Virginia School of Law 2009; B.A. Tufts University 2004, "Triple-Dividends: Toward Pigovian Gasoline Taxation," Journal of Land, Resources, %26 Envir onmental Law 2010, pg lexis//um-ef)// //The United States~’ current energy policies take an ineffective, piecemeal approach to addressing the// //AND// //illusion of good government "as they impoverish society as a whole." n44//

//And, these Energy strategies gut U.S. Foreign Policy strategy – they ensure ineffective diplomatic leverage and lack of U.S. legitimacy// //Turgeon 2k10// //(Evan N. Turgeon, Legal Associate at the Cato Institute; J.D.University of Virginia School of Law 2009; B.A. Tufts University 2004, "Triple-Dividends: Toward Pigovian Gasoline Taxation," Journal of Land, Resources, %26 Envir onmental Law 2010, pg lexis //um-ef) C. Foreign Policy Detriment In 1828, James Madison expressed his fear that insufficient AND policies. n60 International law detrimental to the United States~’ interests may result.

That lack of legitimacy ensures Nuclear and CBW War Dr. Barlow 2k2 (Jeffrey, March, Director of the Berglund Center for Internet Studies, holds the Matsushita Chair of Asian Studies at Pacific University, Ph.D. in history from UC Berkeley, 2K2, "American Power, Globalism, and the Internet: Editorial Essay", The Journal of Education, Community and Values, http://bcis.pacificu.edu/journal/2002/03/editorial.php%236) Much of Nye~’s analysis is intended to make a relatively simple point: That the AND their international goals acting alone."14 The uproar, both domestic and international

But effective Multilateralism – led by the United States Solves – prevents multiple triggers for conflict and destruction Dr. Zakaria 2k8 (Fareed, Ph.D. in Government from Harvard University, %26 editor of Foreign Affairs magazine %26 Newsweek Internationa %26 professor of IR and political philosophy at Harvard and Columbia University, "Wanted: A New Grand Strategy", 12/8/08, [] ) The "Global Trends" report identifies several worrying aspects of the new international order AND reshape the world. This is his moment. He should seize it.

And, specifically new CAFE regulations are coming – Greene 6/28 (Michael, "34.1 MPG CAFE Standards for 2016 Upheld by U.S. Court of Appeals" http://www.treehugger.com/cars/341-mpg-cafe-standards-2016-upheld-us-court-appeals.html//HH)// //The 2012-2016 Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards, better known under the acronym// //AND// //by how much. The can then figure out what solution works best.//

//They~’ll collapse job growth and the Auto Sector// //Brownfield 11// //(Mike, "How Will Obama~’s EPA Regulations Affect the Auto Industry?", http://www.askheritage.org/how-will-obamas-epa-regulations-affect-the-auto-industry //HH) Say goodbye to cars and trucks as you know them. Say hello to a AND a single representative year, and to 10 times that many serious injuries."

And, Auto Recovery is essential to U.S. Economic recovery – the auto industry will drive other sectors and ensure job growth U.S. News 2k12 ("Is the U.S. Auto Industry on Track for a Comeback?," pg online @ [] //um-ef)// //More than three years after bad management, a swooning global economy, and foreign// //AND// //in what they~’re selling. That~’s going to be hard for the Japanese."//

//And, a weak economy causes conflict – all empirical analysis goes our way// //Royal 10– Jedediah Royal, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, (Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises, Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215) // //Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict// //AND// //such, the view presented here should be considered ancillary to those views.//

//Finally, an increased gas tax is the transition method – it transforms U.S. foreign policy and re-energizes U.S. Diplomacy// //Turgeon 2k10// //(Evan N. Turgeon, Legal Associate at the Cato Institute; J.D.University of Virginia School of Law 2009; B.A. Tufts University 2004, "Triple-Dividends: Toward Pigovian Gasoline Taxation," Journal of Land, Resources, %26 Envir onmental Law 2010, pg lexis //um-ef) Significantly increasing federal taxes on gasoline would generate results vastly superior to those produced by AND is the pen mightier than the sword; it is cheaper to use.

ADVANTAGE TWO IS THE DEFICIT First, the deficit is on an unsustainable path – now is the CRITICAL time to re-orient policies to stave-off a new debt tragedy Council on Foreign Relations 3/2/12 ("U.S. Deficits and the National Debt," pg online @ [] //um-ef)// //At some point in the not-too-distant future, analysts say,// //AND// //sustainability of an active U.S. foreign policy," he says.//
 * Deficits**

//And, the plan is a KEY TEST for future budget debates – increasing revenue ensures a sustainable fiscal path// //Washington Post 3/7// //("A fiscal test for Congress," pg lexis //um-ef) Over the past year, many Republicans and Democrats in the Senate have indicated support AND avoid what Erskine Bowles called "the most predictable economic crisis in history"?

And, Failure to Reign-In Deficits and Establish Fiscal Discipline Guts U.S.-China Relations they~’ll be over-aggressive gutting cooperation Prasad 2/25 <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">(Eswar, Eswar Prasad holds the New Century Chair in International Economics. He is the Tolani Senior Professor of Trade Policy at Cornell University and a Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research. He was previously head of the Financial Studies Division and the China Division at the IMF, "The U.S.-China Economic Relationship: Shifts and Twists in the Balance of Power," pg online @ [] //um-ef)// //The lopsided nature of trade and financial flows between the U.S. and// //AND// //macroeconomic stability, reform of the international monetary system and tackling climate change.//

//Multiple Scenarios for Extinction// //Wenzhong 04<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">PRC Ministry of Foreign Affairs, (Zhou, "Vigorously Pushing Forward the Constructive and Cooperative Relationship Between China and the United States," []) // //China~’s development needs a peaceful international environment, particularly in its periphery. We will// //AND// //countries, we will see even greater accomplishments in China-US relations.//

//**Transition**// //ADVANTAGE THREE IS TRANSITION// //First, renewable energy development is inevitable globally – the question is whether the U.S. will be a global leader// //Cuttino 2k12// //<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">(Phyllis Cuttino Director, Pew Clean Energy Program "A Bright Future for Renewable Energy," pg online @ [] //um-ef) The current market for the renewable energy sector in the United States and around the AND competitive clean energy technologies for Americans to use and export around the world.

And, failure to provide a consistent price signal ensures the U.S. falls behind in renewable leadership Bloomberg 4/12<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">/12 <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">("U.S. Clean Energy Policies Risk Losing Lead Over China," pg online @ http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-04-12/u-s-clean-energy-policies-risk-losing-lead-over-china.html //um-ef)// //The U.S. government is creating a "boom and bust" in// //AND// //Department for Energy and Climate Change said in an e-mailed statement.//

//The plan is the requisite price signal – investors will jump at renewables and away from oil at the plan~’s inception// //Abelkop 2k9// //<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">(Adam, J.D., University of Iowa College of Law, 2010; B.A., Wake Forest University, PHd Student @ Univ of Indiana, "Why the Government Should Drink Your Milkshake: The Case for Restructuring the Federal Gas Tax," The Journal of Corporation Law Winter, 2009, 35 Iowa J. Corp. L. 393 pg lexis //um-ef) A. The Need for a Price Signal Volatile oil prices and uncertainty in the AND lays the groundwork for how the government should administer such a policy. n197

And, Renewable Transition spurs innovation – creates the World~’s First Green Hegemon Locking-in U.S. Dominance and ensuring U.S. Global Energy Advantages Klarevas 2k9 <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">(Louis, Professor, Center for Global Affairs, New York University "Securing American Primacy While Tackling Climate Change: Toward a National Strategy of Greengemony," pg online @ [] //ghs-ef) As national leaders from around the world are gathering in Copenhagen, Denmark, to AND best approach for achieving this is to promote a national strategy of greengemony.

That solves Nuclear Conflict Gray 04<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">, Professor of International Politics and Strategic Studies at the University of Reading, and founded of the National Institute for Public Policy, (Colin, "The Sheriff: America~’s Defense of the New World Order, pg. 6-10) World order is neither self-enforcing nor is it comprehensively enforceable. Nonetheless, AND – and conflict with weapons of mass destruction (WMD) at that.

Text
Text: The United States federal government should increase the federal excise tax rate and phase-in a price floor and variable tax on gasoline for transportation infrastructure in the United States.

The plan solves – establishing a price floor sends a signal for renewable energy development, while increasing revenue for transportation infrastructure Abelkop 2k9 <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">(Adam, J.D., University of Iowa College of Law, 2010; B.A., Wake Forest University, PHd Student @ Univ of Indiana, "Why the Government Should Drink Your Milkshake: The Case for Restructuring the Federal Gas Tax," The Journal of Corporation Law Winter, 2009, 35 Iowa J. Corp. L. 393 pg lexis//um-ef)// //Congress should enact legislation to restructure the federal gasoline tax to better internalize the external// //AND// //any single use, but should be allocated as the government deems appropriate.//
 * Solvency**

//The plan kills damaging CAFE Standards and transitions away from government interventions into the market// //Krauthammer 2k9// //<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">(Charles, American Pulitzer Prize–winning syndicated columnist, political commentator, and physician, McGill University degree in political science and economics, Commonwealth Scholar in politics at Balliol College, Oxford, Doctor of Medicine from Harvard Medical School "The Net-Zero Gas Tax; A once-in-a-generation chance," pg lexis //um-ef) So why even think about it? Because the virtues of a gas tax remain AND than undertaking the enormously complicated review and rewriting of fuel-efficiency regulations.

=Neg=

2NRs
States and politics (so diverse) States and Obama good States and Obama good States and Obama good