JJ+&+Kate

Aff:

We will be reading EV and possibly Zizek

Email katecarroll4(at)gmail(dot)com with questions

EV:

Inherency
Lack of charging outlets is the major barrier for EV market penetration - only 3,300 exist and they are unevenly distributed

Kemp, 5/25/12 – Senior Market Analyst and writer for Reuters specializing in commodities and energy (John, "Column- Will US Federal Fleet Help Alternative Fuel Switch?," Reuters, http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/25/column-kemp-cars-idUSL5E8GP8YG20120525 Federal law defines alternative fuel vehicles broadly to include both those running on alternative fuels AND Indiana and Minnesota, but not many in the rest of the country.

Expiration of charging infrastructure tax credits threatens the nascent industry

Heron 11 – journalist, author, online community manager, etc., covering electric vehicles from Silicon Valley (David, "Electric Vehicle charging station tax credits a victim of US Govt budget battles", Torque News, 29 Dec 2011, http://www.torquenews.com/1075/electric-vehicle-charging-station-tax-credits-victim-us-govt-budget-battles) The latest round of the U.S. Federal budget showdown was averted with AND for the charging station you have to buy along with the electric car.

Economy
Economy is stalling - growth and jobs numbers prove

Morici, 6/4/12 —- Professor of Economics at the Smith School of Business, University of Maryland (Peter, "Depressed by a US jobs stalemate," http://www.businessspectator.com.au/bs.nsf/Article/US-jobs-US-economic-recovery-US-unemployment-pd20120604-UWRHY?opendocument%26src=rss) The US economy added only 69,000 jobs in May – only about half AND sectors, jobs gains were weak or small numbers of jobs were lost.

We isolate two internal links to the economy. First is clean energy.

EV technology leadership can drive economic recovery by stimulating growth, manufacturing, and green jobs Greenwald and Nigro, 12 – Judi Greenwald is the Project Director at the Center for Climate and Energy Solutions, and Nick Nigro is the Project Manager at the Center for Climate and Energy Solutions ("An Action Plan To Integrate Plug-in Electric Vehicles With The U.S. Electrical Grid", Center for Climate Change and Energy Solutions, March, http://www.c2es.org/docUploads/PEV-action-plan.pdf)

America~’s reliance on imported oil leads to a U.S. trade deficit of AND including PEVs, has already created thousands of jobs in the United States.

Second is the auto industry.

Auto industry is key to solid growth and produces a huge multiplier effect.

Chandra and Homan 12 – reporters for Bloomberg News (Shobhana and Timothy R., "What~’s Good for GM is Good for the Economy" Bloomberg BusinessWeek, May 17, 2012, http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-05-17/whats-good-for-gm-is-good-for-the-economy) Now for the ripple effect. Government data show that motor-vehicle production contributed AND , the auto industry is spreading its wealth to suppliers and their employees.

Economic decline leads to nuclear war

Harris and Burrows 9 - Matthew, PhD European History at Cambridge/Counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC), Jennifer, Member of NIC~’s Long Range Analysis Unit ("Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis" http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf) Increased Potential for Global Conflict Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and AND within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world.

Growth eliminates the only rational incentives for war

Gartzke 11 – Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of California, San Diego PhD from Iowa and B.A. from UCSF (Erik, "SECURITY IN AN INSECURE WORLD," www.cato-unbound.org/2011/02/09/erik-gartzke/security-in-an-insecure-world/)

Almost as informative as the decline in warfare has been where this decline is occurring AND the consolidating forces of prosperity prevail, that war becomes a durable anachronism.

Grid
Grid~’s vulnerability to terrorist attack is increasing – recent Congressional report and expert agree

Berg %26 MacFarlane, 7/5/12 – Staff Writers (Steve and Scott, KMRG News, http://www.krmg.com/news/news/local/lawmakers-worry-us-electrical-grid-vulnerable-atta/nPnK4/) Washington, D.C. — In the wake of devastating, mass power AND see people who have a grudge get the capability to attack our infrastructure."

Grid is an easy target for a nuclear attack that could shut down power key to critical DOD missions

RDSBTF, 08, (February, Report of the Defense Science Board Task Force "More Fight-Less Fuel," http://www.acq.osd.mil/dsb/reports/2008-02-ESTF.pdf) A third risk comes from sabotage or terrorist activity, whether local, trans- AND effective tactics of insurgents in Iraq, and are increasingly seen in Afghanistan.

Nuclear terrorist attack leads to third world war that goes nuclear

Mohamed Sid-Ahmed, ~’04 – Political Analyst (Al Ahram Weekly, "Extinction%21" 8/26, no. 705, http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/705/op5.htm) What would be the consequences of a nuclear attack by terrorists? Even if it AND When nuclear pollution infects the whole planet, we will all be losers.

EV market penetration will necessitate and encourage investment in grid upgrades – but will only occur if penetration is widespread

Lee and Lovellette ~’11 - Jassim M. Jaidah Family Director of the Environment and Natural Resources Program within the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard~’s John F. Kennedy School of Government, Faculty Co-Chair of the Center~’s Energy Technology Innovation Policy project, and a Senior Lecturer in Public Policy, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University (Henry and Grant, "Will Electric Cars Transform the U.S. Vehicle Market", July 2011. http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/Lee%20Lovellette%20Electric%20Vehicles%20DP%202011%20web.pdf) Recharging an EV will require an infrastructure that is readily available (including the recharging AND p.m. and ones in which a majority wait until midnight.

DOE is already researching how to upgrade the grid to incorporate EVs

Kelly, 10 – Assistant Secretary for DOE/Ph.D Physics from Harvard (Henry, February 23, Hearing Before a Subcommittee on the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, "Opportunities and Challenges Presented in Increasing the Number of Electric Vehicles in the Light Duty Automotive Sector," http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-111shrg56643/pdf/CHRG-111shrg56643.pdf, p. 75) To evaluate and anticipate the potential impacts of electric-drive vehicles on the U.S. electric grid, DOE is partnering with electric utilities through demonstration projects as part of the Transportation Electrification projects awarded as part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. These demonstration activities will allow the Department and the utility industry to assess the true impact on the electric grid of large numbers of electric-drive vehicles in concentrated locations. This will in turn facilitate the development of plans to incorporate intelligently managed ve- hicle charging systems into the U.S. electric grid with minimal impact.

Smart technology will improve overall efficiency and reliability and prevent grid strain

SPEA 11 - School of Public and Environmental Affairs at Indiana University ("Plug-in Electric Vehicles: A Practical Plan for Progress", written by an expert panel, February 2011, http://www.indiana.edu/spea/pubs/TEP_combined.pdf) Electricity distribution occurs through an electric grid, which is an interconnected network that delivers AND commercialization, such as quick recharging technologies and two-way power flow.

Oil
Evidence of peak oil is mounting –peak oil is already a reality in 61% of the oil-producing world Perl, ~’10 – Director of Urban Studies Program at Simon Fraser University (Anthony, "Integrating HSR into North America~’s Next Mobility Transition," June 16, 2010, p. 13016, http://wagner.nyu.edu/rudincenter/publications/RCWP_Perl.pdf) Despite an ongoing debate regarding the exact timing of a peak in global oil production AND thus considerable likelihood of future price increases in transport fuels derived from oil.

Oil wars lead to extinction

Stephen Lendman (Research Associate of the Centre for Research on Globalization) 2007 "Resource Wars - Can We Survive Them" http://www.rense.com/general76/resrouce.htm With the world~’s energy supplies finite, the US heavily dependent on imports, and AND , or at least a big part of it, would have survived.

Expanding EVs is the single most effective way to reduce oil demand – Baker Institute study proves

Rice ~’10 – Rice University~’s Baker Institute for Public Policy ("Study: Electric cars hold greater promise for reducing emissions and lowering US oil imports", 9/27/2010. http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2010-09/ru-sec092710.php) Electric cars hold greater promise for reducing emissions and lowering U.S. oil AND RPS) would cut them by only 4 percent over the same time.

EVs area the lynchpin to confronting oil dependence –electricity is the most diverse, domestic, stable, and scalable energy supply

Smith, ~’10 - FedEx CEO/Member of Electrification Coalition (Frederick, February 23, Hearing Before a Subcommittee on the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, "Opportunities and Challenges Presented in Increasing the Number of Electric Vehicles in the Light Duty Automotive Sector," http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-111shrg56643/pdf/CHRG-111shrg56643.pdf, p. 18-20) There is a solution. The lynchpin of any plan that is serious about confronting AND gen- eration, transmission, and distribution—is already in place.

Eliminating foreign oil is unnecessary for independence - we need only reduce imports to where oil has little to no effect on economic or military policy

Benjamin K. Sovacool, ~’07 - (an Assistant Professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National University of Singapore. He is also a Research Fellow in the Energy Governance Program at the Centre on Asia and Globalization) 2007 "Oil Independence Possible for U.S. by 2030" http://scitizen.com/authors/Benjamin-K.-Sovacool-a-899_s_08b456d033fcee27acbc8caf208135e8.html Oil independence is possible for the U.S. if comprehensive and aggressive energy AND for tire inflation and reduce oil consumption in other sectors of the economy.

Solvency
EV price will no longer be a barrier – comparable to conventional cars by 2014 – and battery prices will only continue to fall

Kelly, 10 – Assistant Secretary of DOE/Ph.D Physics Harvard University (Henry, February 23, Hearing Before a Subcommittee on the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, "Opportunities and Challenges Presented in Increasing the Number of Electric Vehicles in the Light Duty Automotive Sector," http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-111shrg56643/pdf/CHRG-111shrg56643.pdf, p. 13) The promise of advanced lithium-ion batteries has had the most dramatic impact. AND , these will require significant additional work before they can become viable products.

Solving the refueling problem gets consumers on board – charging stations will be so profitable that they can subsidize EVs

Thompson 09 – Contributing Editor NYT/Specializes in Technology (Clive, "Batteries Not Included", New York Times, April 19, 2009, http://solar.gwu.edu/index_files/Resources_files/NYT_BatteriesNotIncluded.pdf.) The only way to get consumers to use electric cars, Agassi realized, was AND 000 miles, or perhaps a few hundred a month for unlimited driving.

Fast-charging technology already exists - government investment is needed to develop the new market Kaplan et al., 10 – *affiliated with Frontier Group, a think tank that issues issue experts, writers and analysts to produce ideas and research to promote a cleaner environment and a fairer and more democratic society, **Brad Heavner, B.A. from the University of Michigan, Senior Policy Advisor for Environment America and State Director of Environment Maryland, AND** *Rob Sargent, graduate of the University of Vermont, Energy Program Director for Environment America and oversees policy and strategy development for energy and global warming campaigns throughout the U.S., more than two decades of experience leading a wide range of environmental and public interest campaigns (Siena, "Charging Ahead: Curbing Oil Consumption with Plug-in Cars," Environment Maryland Research %26 Policy Center, June, http://www.environmentmaryland.org/sites/environment/files/reports/Charging-Ahead.pdf)

If a family is relying on an electric car as their primary vehicle and using AND battery-swapping infrastructure while the plug-in vehicle market is developing.

Public/private partnerships solve – DOE has successfully financed the expansion of ports through companies like Ecotality

ECOtality, 3/22/12 leader (ECOtality, "ECOTALITY PARTNERS WITH REGENCY CENTERS AT 19 LOCATIONS NATIONWIDE", Ecotality.com, http://www.ecotality.com/featured/Regency-Centers-at-19-Locations-Nationwide/) ECOtality, Inc. (NASDAQ:ECTY), a leader in clean electric transportation and storage technologies, announced today a partnership AND grant and made possible by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA).

Technology is already available – infrastructure support enables a whole new transportation system in just a few years

Smith, ~’10 - FedEx CEO/Member of Electrification Coalition (Frederick, February 23, Hearing Before a Subcommittee on the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, "Opportunities and Challenges Presented in Increasing the Number of Electric Vehicles in the Light Duty Automotive Sector," http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-111shrg56643/pdf/CHRG-111shrg56643.pdf, p. 22-23)

This is not a question of technology. The technology is there. If anyone AND —more importantly—a matter of will and a matter of execution.

Plan

Plan: The United States federal government should substantially increase its investment in charging infrastructure for electric vehicles.

=2NRs= Round 1 vs Hybrid LJ (Mayport) 1NC: Cost Overruns, Elections, T-Military, Security K, Heg Bad, Case 2NR: Security K

Round 3 vs GJJP AD (Alaska Ports) 1NC: Cost Overruns, Cybersecurity, Security K, Case 2NR: Cybersecurity, Case