Dillon+&+Kevin

toc Plan: The United States federal government should facilitate a substantial increase in the investment of highways Advantages- Economy, Hegemony, and Warming.
 * Short Version:**


 * 1AC:**

=Economy=


 * __CONTENTION 1 IS THE ECONOMY__**


 * Economic recovery is fragile**
 * Xinhua News 5/23** /12 [OECD: Global Economy Recovery Fragile, reprinted, http://english.cri.cn/6826/2012/05/23/191s701502.htm ]

The global economy has embarked … the problem of income inequality."


 * Highways are rapidly deteriorating now**
 * Horowitz 11** [Ben Horowitz is a technology entrepreneur and investor. He is best known for co-founding and running (as its President and Chief Executive Officer) the enterprise software company Opsware. In June 2009, Ben Horowitz and Marc Andreessen co-founded the venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz in Menlo Park, CA. Horowitz earned a BA in Computer Science from Columbia University in 1988 and an MS in Computer Science from UCLA in 1990. “ Sustainable Inroads for National Transportation Policy” http://www.triplepundit.com/2011/11/sustainable-inroads-national-transportation-policy/] H. Kenner

Setting the agenda for America’s … truly sustainable transit and transportation.


 * Two Internal links—**


 * First, Highway infrastructure is critical to the Economy**
 * Halsey 11** (Ashley Halsey III, Washington Post Staff Writer, “Decaying infrastructure costs U.S. billions each year, report says”, http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/decaying-infrastructure-costing-us-billions-report-says/2011/07/27/gIQAAI0zcI_story.html, July 27, 2011)

As Congress debates how to … innovation and expansion,” Landau said.


 * Second, Traffic Congestion underlies a multibillion dollar drag on the economy– the plan solves**
 * Needham 11** [Report: Traffic congestion costs billions, weighs on the economic recovery, Vicki, The Hill, [] ]

Traffic congestion is costing billions … is not a productive option .”


 * Economic Decline causes Global War**
 * Royal 10** Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense (Jedediah Royal, “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises,” Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215)

Less intuitive is how periods … considered ancillary to those views.

=Hegemony=


 * __CONTENTION 2 IS HEGEMONY__**


 * Two internal links—**


 * First, Highways are vital to sustain hegemony**
 * DOT 05** (“Introduction to the Current Military Deployment Concepts”, Federal Highway Administration for the Department of Transportation, May 10, http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/OpsSecurity/dev-mx/chapter_1.htm)

Strategic mobility and readiness are … standard highway procedures for convoys.


 * Second**, **Lack of credible highways devastates competitiveness**
 * EDRG 11** [Economic Development Research Group, Inc. (EDR Group) is a consulting firm focusing specifically on applying state-of-the-art tools and techniques for evaluating economic development performance, impacts, and opportunities. The firm was started in 1996 by a core group of economists and planners who are specialists in evaluating impacts of transportation infrastructure, services, and technology on economic development opportunities. Glen Weisbrod, president of EDR Group, was appointed by the National Academies to chair the TRB Committee on Transportation and Economic Development. EDR Group provides both consulting advisory services and full-scale research projects for public and private agencies throughout North America as well as in Europe, Asia and Africa. The firm’s work focuses on three issues: • Economic Impact Analysis • Benefit / Cost Analysis • Market / Strategy Analysis The transportation work of EDR Group includes studies of the economic impacts of road, air, sea and railroad modes of travel, including economic benefits, development impacts and benefit/cost relationships. The firm’s work is organized into three areas: (1) general research on investment benefit and productivity implications; (2) planning studies, including impact, opportunities, and benefit/cost assessment; and (3) evaluation, including cost-effectiveness implications. Senior staff at EDR Group have conducted studies from coast to coast in both the U.S. and Canada, as well as studies in Japan, England, Scotland, Finland, Netherlands, India and South Africa. EDR Group is also nationally recognized for state-of-the-art analysis products, including the Transportation Economic Development Impact System (TREDIS). “ Failure to act the economic impact of current investment trends in surface transportation infrastructure.”http://www.asce.org/uploadedFiles/Infrastructure/Report_Card/ASCE-FailureToActFinal.pdf] H. Kenner

Across the U.S., regions are … prices from around the globe.


 * Investment in highway infrastructure is key to the manufacturing industry**
 * AISI 12** (American Iron and Steel Institute, “AISI Public Policy Priorities – Promoting a Pro-Manufacturing Agenda,” pg online @ http://www.steel.org/en/Public%20Policy/~/media/Files/AISI/Public%20Policy/Agenda/AISI2012PublicPolicyAgenda%20_%20Final%20020212.ashx //um-ef)//

//Transportation and Water Infrastructure Background. … research on improved gas mileage; //

//**That solves Competitiveness as well**// //**Swezey 11** (Devon Swezey, Project Director for Breakthrough Institute where he works as an energy and climate policy analyst and Ryan McConaghy, “Manufacturing Growth Advanced Manufacturing and the Future of the American Economy,” pg online @ http://thebreakthrough.org/blog/BTI_Third_Way_Idea_Brief_-_Manufacturing_Growth_.pdf //um-ef)

New manufacturing will help determine … in close collaboration with industry. 39


 * Competitiveness is key to hegemony**
 * Segal 04** – Senior Fellow in China Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations (Adam, Foreign Affairs, “Is America Losing Its Edge?” November / December 2004, http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20041101facomment83601/adam-segal/is-america-losing-its-edge.html) // JMP

The United States' global primacy … fostering technological entrepreneurship at home.


 * Hegemony prevents miscalc and global war—empirics prove—decline makes every impact inevitable**
 * Kagan 2/11** Senior Fellow, Foreign Policy, Center on the United States and Europe (Robert Kagan, February 11, 2012, “Why the World Needs America,”http://www.brookings.edu/articles/2012/0211_us_power_kagan)

History shows that world orders, … American order came into being.


 * Statstics and empirics prove hegemony is good**
 * Wohlforth 08** - prof of gov,, BA in IR, MA in IR and MPhil and PhD in pol sci, (William, October, World Politics, “Unipolarity, Status Competition, and Great Power War,” www.­polisci.­wisc.­edu/­Uploads/­Documents/­IRC/­Wohlforth (2009)­.­pdf, mat)

Despite increasingly compelling findings concerning … rationalist theories of hegemonic war.


 * Hegemony solves poverty, violence, and extinction**
 * Barnett 11** [Thomas Barnett, Chief analyst at Wikistrat, former visiting scholar at the University of Tennessee’s Howard Baker Center for Public Policy and a visiting strategist at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, former Senior Strategic Researcher and Professor in the Warfare Analysis & Research Department, Center for Naval Warfare Studies, March 7, 2011, “The New Rules: Leadership Fatigue Puts US, and the Globalization, at Crossroads”, World Politics Review, []]

Events in Libya are a … deaths from state-based conflicts. =Warming=


 * __CONTENTION 3 IS WARMING__**

Kaku 11 – Michio Kaku, co-creator of string field theory, a branch of string theory. He received a B.S. (summa cum laude) from Harvard University in 1968 where he came first in his physics class. He went on to the Berkeley Radiation Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley and received a Ph.D. in 1972. In 1973, he held a lectureship at Princeton University. Michio continues Einstein’s search for a “Theory of Everything,” seeking to unify the four fundamental forces of the universe—the strong force, the weak force, gravity and electromagnetism. He is the author of several scholarly, Ph.D. level textbooks and has had more than 70 articles published in physics journals, covering topics such as superstring theory, supergravity, supersymmetry, and hadronic physics. Professor of Physics — He holds the Henry Semat Chair and Professorship in theoretical physics at the City College of New York, where he has taught for over 25 years. He has also been a visiting professor at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, as well as New York University (NYU). “Physics of the Future” http://213.55.83.52/ebooks/physics/Physics%20of%20the%20Future.pdf Accessed 6/26/12 BJM
 * Global warming is real, caused by human CO2 emissions, and will cause flooding and feedback loops that causes migrations fueling political instability, economic collapse, and failed states, escalating to nuclear war in a vicious cycle to extinction**

By midcentury, the full impact … runaway cycle of global warming.

Deibel 07 —Prof IR @ National War College (Terry, “Foreign Affairs Strategy: Logic for American Statecraft,” Conclusion: American Foreign Affairs Strategy Today)
 * Warming is the only existential risk**

Finally, there is one major … of life on this planet.


 * Congestion exacerbates warming and pollution**
 * Iaione 10** (Christian, The Tragedy Of Urban Roads: Saving Cities From Choking, Calling On Citizens To Combat Climate Change, 37 Fordham Urb. L.J. 889. Lexis//HH)

Urban congestion is primarily an … land use, and political patterns.


 * U.S. automobiles contribute to half of all automobile greenhouse gasses**
 * West 4** During his 20-year career in newspapers, Larry was part of an investigative team whose work was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize and received the Meeman Award for national environmental reporting from the Scripps Howard Foundation. Later, Larry served as press secretary and deputy chief of staff for a U.S. Representative, and was communications director for a U.S. Senator. He also managed public affairs for a leading global technology company, the Federal Aviation Administration, and one of the largest ports in the United States. In each of those positions, Larry was involved in environmental strategy, policy and communications (Larry, U.S. “Autos Account for Half of Global Warming Linked to Cars Worldwide” [|http://environment.about.com/od/globalwarming/a/autoemissions.htm)//NJain]

U.S. automobiles and light trucks … sector, for the first time.”


 * Anthropogenic warming causes extinction**
 * Tickell 08** (Oliver, Environmental Researcher, The Guardian, August 11, http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/aug/11/climatechange, JMB, accessed 6-23-11)

We need to get prepared … towards a similar hothouse Earth.

Co2 acidifies oceans causing extinction Sify 10 Cites Ove Hoegh-Gulberg: Professor at the University of Queensland and Director of the Global Climate Change Institute, John Bruno: Professor of Marine Science at the University of North Carolina (Sify News, June 19, 2010, “Could unbridled climate changes lead to human extinction?” http://www.sify.com/news/could-unbridled-climate-changes-lead-to-human-extinction-news-international-kgtrOhdaahc.html )

Sydney: Scientists have sounded alarm … beginning to fail', he added.


 * Pollution causes extinction**
 * Driesen 03** [David, Associate Prof. Law – Syracuse U., Buffalo Environmental Law Journal, “"LEARING SUSTAINABILITY": SYMPOSIUM ARTICLES: SYMPOSIUM HELD AT THE UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO LAW SCHOOL, OCTOBER 13, 2001: Sustainable Development and Air Quality: The Need to Replace Basic Technologies with Cleaner Alternatives”, Fall 02-Spring 03, 10 Buff. Envt'l. L.J. 25, L/]

Air pollution can make life … implicates both of these concerns. n5


 * The harms of CO2 outweigh the benefits – independently it causes 5.5 billion people to starve**
 * Strom 07 –** University of Arizona planetary science emeritus professor, studied climate change for 15 years, the former Director of the Space Imagery Center at NASA Regional Planetary Image Facility (Robert,, “Hot House”, SpringerLink, p.<211-216>) H. Kenner

The future consequences of global … Africa along the Indian Ocean.


 * Warming can cause an ice age – Younger Dryas period proves**
 * Stipp 4** (David senior writer for Fortune and a former staff reporter for the Wall Street Journal, where he covered science, medicine, and technology, “The Pentagon's Weather Nightmare The climate could change radically, and fast. That would be the mother of all national security issues,” 2/9/04, CNN, [] )

(FORTUNE Magazine) – Global warming may be bad … in Europe at the time.)

=Plantext=


 * Plan: The United States federal government should facilitate a substantial increase in the investment of highways**

=Solvency=


 * __CONTENTION 4 Is Solvency__**

**States fail—only federal action solves ** **Kavinoky 12 **[Janet is executive director of transportation and infrastructure at the U.S. Chamber of Commerce. “Long-Term funding needs to hit the road, Jack.” May 13, 2012 Sunday 9:08 PM EST, lexis] H. Kenner

The two commissions created by … the U.S. Chamber of Commerce.

The federally assisted highway system … keen to support state officials.
 * Federal leniency allows effective cooperation**
 * Roth 5 **– a transport and privatization consultant and a research fellow at the Independent Institute and 20 years working at the World Bank (Gabriel, “Liberating the Roads Reforming U.S. Highway Policy”, CATO institute, March 17th, 2005, http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa538.pdf ) CM


 * Only the federal government has authority**
 * LII 12** [ 49 USC § 14501 – Federal Authority over Interstate Transportation; Legal Information Institute; This unofficial compilation of the U.S. Code is current as of Jan. 4, 2012 [] ]

(a) Motor Carriers of Passengers.— ¶ (1) Limitation … condition of providing such service.

Dilgerm 11 - [Robert Jay Dilgerm, Senior Specialist in American National Government at the Congressional Research Service, January 10, 2011, “Federalism Issues in Surface Transportation Policy: Past and Present,” [] ]
 * There is a growing federal role in transportation policy now**

American federalism, which shapes the … the use of those funds.