Kristina+Curtiss+and+Hadar+Regev

toc =cite requests= aff -- curtiss.kristina@gmail.com neg -- hadarregev75@gmail.com =aff=

1ac - islamophobia (no plan)
Domestic surveillance is a militarized, extrajudicial tool used to target Muslims and black people birthed from COINTELPRO. The death of black and brown bodies and pervasiveness of surveillance is now so common that it continues, unnoticed, violating the rights of others Kundnani & Kumar, 14 (7/14/2014, Arun Kundnani is the author of "The Muslims Are Coming: Islamophobia, Extremism, and the Domestic War on Terror", Deepa Kumar is the author of "Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire", “Stop spying on Muslim-Americans,” [], JMP) The U.S. government has been snooping on prominent members of the Muslim AND movement once put it — an injury to one is an injury to all

Islamophobia shapes US foreign policy—notions of western superiority are a critical tool to drum up support for militaristic and elitist interventions Kumar 13, Associate Professor of Media Studies and Middle Eastern Studies at Rutgers [09/11/13, Deepa Kumar is an Associate Professor of Media Studies and Middle Eastern Studies at the Rutgers University. She is the author of Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire and Outside the Box: Corporate Media, Globalization, and the UPS Strike being interviewed by Jessica Desvarieux, The Real News Network, “Twelve Years Post 9/11, Islamophobia Still Runs High”, http://truth-out.org/video/item/18759-twelve-years-post-9-11-islamophobia-still-runs-high] KUMAR: Absolutely not. I think it is true that larger numbers of conservative AND Americans and people who look Muslim have been demonized since 9/11.


 * Thus, Kristina and I affirm that domestic surveillance of Muslim-American populations based on race, religion, ethnicity, or national origin should be substantially curtailed. **

We create a framework for change which refuses the FBI’s attempt to silence dissent against American empire and opens up genuinely radical political alternatives by challenging institutional racism Kundnani, 15—Arun, Professor of Terror Studies and Media @ NYU & John Jay College, formerly a Fellow @ Leiden U (Netherlands), an Open Society Fellow, and Editor of Race and Class. The Muslims are Coming! Islamophobia, Extremism and the Domestic War on Terror, p. 10-15 –BR Two main modes of thinking pervade the war on terror, one predominantly among conservatives AND call extremism is to a large degree a product of their own wars.

The federal government even uses it surveillance policies to manufacture terror plots --- this allows the FBI to continue destroying communities of color and maintain a climate of fear Cabral & Sutcliffe, 15 --- *photojournalist, filmmaker and cinematographer documenting stories seldom seen in mainstream media, AND **documentary filmmaker whose work explores issues of national security post-9/11 (1/26/2015, Lyric R. Cabral and David Felix Sutcliffe, “The FBI Isn’t Catching Terrorists — It’s Creating Them” http://creativetimereports.org/2015/01/26/fbi-counterterrorism-lyric-cabral-david-felix-sutcliffe-sundance/, JMP) People think that catching terrorists is just a matter of finding them—but, AND the liberty and security of all Americans, regardless of race or religion.

Constructions create a broader state of violence against bodies of color --- this manifests in xenophobic profiling, the “mapping” and defining of the population is racialized and used to differentiate and control populations Wing 3, Bessie Dutton Murray Distinguished Professor of Law [Spring 2003, Adrien Katherine Wing is a Bessie Dutton Murray Distinguished Professor of Law at the University of Iowa College of Law. A.B. Princeton, 1978; M.A. UCLA, 1979; J.D. Stanford, 1982. This paper was presented at the Civil Rights symposium of the Louisiana State“Civil Rights in the Post 911 World: Critical Race Praxis, Coalition Building, and the War on Terrorism”, [|http://digitalcommons.law.lsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5987&context=lalrev&sei-redir=1&referer=http%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.com%2Fscholar%3Fq%3Dguantanamo%2B%2522critical%2Brace%2Btheory%2522%26btnG%3D%26hl%3Den%26as_sdt%3D0%252C5%26as_vis%3D1#search=%22guantanamo%20critical%20race%20theory%22], 63 La. L. Rev. (2003)] To illustrate how race can be socially constructed, I will use myself as an AND of 120,000 Japanese and Japanese Americans in World War II.9

The result is a vicious cycle --- the government’s identification of Muslim Americans as terrorists just serves to reinforce its racist surveillance policies. Recognizing current discriminatory policies and attitudes as a continuation of decades of exclusion and tolerating real dissent can break the stronghold of Islamophobia that controls the public sphere. Curtis, 12 --- Millennium Chair of the Liberal Arts at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (7/5/2012, Edward E. Curtis IV, “For American Muslims, Everything Did Not Change After 9/11,” [], JMP) “Everything changed after 9/11.” This political mantra has become part of AND —Muslim and non-Muslim alike—are welcome in American life.

This dehumanization of foreign populations establishes continuous cycles of violence --- the way we discuss this issue matters John Collins 2, Ass. Prof. of Global Studies at St. Lawrence, and Ross Glover, Visiting Professor of Sociology at St. Lawrence University, 2002, Collateral Language, p. 6-7, The Real Effects of Language) As any university student knows, theories about the “social con­struction” and social AND less likely to avert our mental gaze from the physical effects of violence.

The US surveillance regime operates not only through covert observation but also explicitly in order to intimidate, threaten, and encouraging dissidents to self-police and internalize the surveillance that maintains the status quo - taking legal action only legitimize these organizations without providing any constraint Glennon, 14 --- Professor of International Law at Tufts (Michael, Harvard National Security Journal, “National Security and Double Government,” [|http://harvardnsj.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Glennon-Final.pdf, JMP)] VI. Conclusion U.S. national security policy has scarcely changed from the AND encourages the public to become less, not more, informed and engaged.

Deconstructing and interrogating flawed assumptions behind Islamophobia creates a transformative and liberatory pedagogy that enables us as agents to challenge racist dynamics Zine 4, Professor of Sociology and Equity Studies [2004, Jasmin Zine is a researcher studying Muslims in the Canadian diaspora. She teaches graduate courses in the Department of Sociology and Equity Studies in Education at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto in the areas of race and ethnicity, anti-racism education and critical ethnography., “Anti-Islamophobia Education as Transformative Pedadogy: Reflections from the Educational Front Lines”, American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 21:3] As an anti-racism scholar and educator, fellow colleagues and I realized from AND ” is important to exposing how power operates through the politics of representation.

the brown body
Domestic surveillance is a militarized, extrajudicial tool used to target Muslims and black people birthed from COINTELPRO. The death of black and brown bodies and pervasiveness of surveillance is now so common that it continues, unnoticed, violating the rights of others Kundnani & Kumar, 14 (7/14/2014, Arun Kundnani is the author of "The Muslims Are Coming: Islamophobia, Extremism, and the Domestic War on Terror", Deepa Kumar is the author of "Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire", “Stop spying on Muslim-Americans,” [], JMP) The U.S. government has been snooping on prominent members of the Muslim AND movement once put it — an injury to one is an injury to all

Constructions create a broader state of __violence__ against bodies of color --- this manifests in xenophobic profiling, the “mapping” and defining of the population is racialized and used to differentiate and control populations Wing 3, Bessie Dutton Murray Distinguished Professor of Law [Spring 2003, Adrien Katherine Wing is a Bessie Dutton Murray Distinguished Professor of Law at the University of Iowa College of Law. A.B. Princeton, 1978; M.A. UCLA, 1979; J.D. Stanford, 1982. This paper was presented at the Civil Rights symposium of the Louisiana State“Civil Rights in the Post 911 World: Critical Race Praxis, Coalition Building, and the War on Terrorism”, [|http://digitalcommons.law.lsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5987&context=lalrev&sei-redir=1&referer=http%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.com%2Fscholar%3Fq%3Dguantanamo%2B%2522critical%2Brace%2Btheory%2522%26btnG%3D%26hl%3Den%26as_sdt%3D0%252C5%26as_vis%3D1#search=%22guantanamo%20critical%20race%20theory%22], 63 La. L. Rev. (2003)] To illustrate how race can be socially constructed, I will use myself as an AND of 120,000 Japanese and Japanese Americans in World War II .9

The result is a vicious cycle --- the government’s identification of Muslim Americans as terrorists just serves to reinforce its racist surveillance policies. Recognizing current discriminatory policies and attitudes as a continuation of decades of exclusion and tolerating real dissent can break the stronghold of Islamophobia that controls the public sphere. Curtis, 12 --- Millennium Chair of the Liberal Arts at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (7/5/2012, Edward E. Curtis IV, “For American Muslims, Everything Did Not Change After 9/11,” [], JMP) “Everything changed after 9/11.” This political mantra has become part of AND —Muslim and non-Muslim alike—are welcome in American life.

Government policies dissuade people from __meaningfully participating__ in social and political movements that are essential for __progressive political change__ --- any change short the plan will spillover and stifle __ALL__ radical resistance and eviscerate freedom of speech forever Burkhart, et. al, 7 (2007, Laurie Burkhart, Michael Haubert, and Damon Thorley, “The Efect of Government Surveillance on Social Progress,” in Confronting Information Ethics in the New Millennium, [], JMP) The Chilling Effect In United States law, the “chilling effect” refers AND // freedom of speech and the power of the people will be lost forever. //

Religious profiling of Muslims must be rejected – regardless of the circumstances Lininger, 4 – Assistant Professor at the University of Oregon School of Law (Tom Lininger, 89 Iowa L. Rev. 1201, “Sects, Lies, and Videotape: The Surveillance and Infiltration of Religious Groups,” April 2004, Lexis, //*fc//) 2. "Profiling" of Muslims Does the F.B.I AND the First Amendment, but suppression of evidence is an unlikely remedy. n203

Voting affirmative recognizes the important role of __government policies and rhetoric__ in promoting the racist environment Representative Ellison, 14 (12/11/2014, Rep. Keith Ellison (D-MN), US Official News, “Rep. Ellison Testifies in Senate Hearing on Civil and Human Rights,” Lexis, JMP) Office of the House of Representative Keith Ellison, U.S Government has issued AND principles when federal dollars are spent perpetuating law-breaking activity like entrapment.

plan
Thus, the plan: The United States federal government should curtail its domestic surveillance by ruling that federal domestic surveillance based on race, religion, ethnicity, or national origin violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

framing
The Court can use a five-step test to evaluate indirect evidence for violations of the Equal Protection Clause. Unegbu, 13 – J.D. Candidate with a B.A. from the Howard University of Law (Cindy C. Unegbu, //Howard Law Journal//, Vol. 47, No. 1, “National Security Surveillance on the Basis of Race, Ethnicity, and Religion: A Constitutional Misstep,” Fall 2013, Lexis, //*fc//) 2. Indirect Evidence ∂ The key Supreme Court case in determining whether there is AND and practices to be sustained, it must pass strict scrutiny. 19 3

We don’t need to win “spillover” – the characterization of Muslims as inherently violent is pervasive is used to sanitize mass Western violence – our scholarship creates the best ethical solution and checks utilitarian claims Kundnani, 15 —Arun, Professor of Terror Studies and Media @ NYU & John Jay College, formerly a Fellow @ Leiden U (Netherlands), an Open Society Fellow, and Editor of //Race and Class//. __The Muslims are Coming! Islamophobia, Extremism and the Domestic War on Terror__, p. 21-25 –BR As scholars such as Eqbal Ahmad pointed out even before the war on terror, AND __ease the consciences of those responsible for a certain number of charred babies__.

Our advantage is one of those side constraints—the injustices we have described should not be tolerated at any cost Rawls 1971 (John, philosopher, A Theory of Justice, p. 3-4) __Justice is the first virtue of social institutions____as truth is of systems of thought__ AND . __Being first virtues of human activities, truth and justice are uncompromising__.

Dead bodies aren’t the key metric for decisionmaking—surveillance might not be dramatic, but the failure to confront it now adds up to a worse harm over time as abuses accumulate Solove 2011 (Daniel, professor of law at George Washington University, Why Privacy Matters Even if You Have 'Nothing to Hide', May 15, http://chronicle.com/article/Why-Privacy-Matters-Even-if/127461/) Investigating __the nothing-to-hide argument__ a little more deeply, we find AND __to-hide argument, in the end, has **nothing to say**__.

The obsession with human survival is self-defeating—the tyranny of survival paradoxically destroys more people in the long run and diminishes the value of life Callahan 1973 (Daniel, institute of Society and Ethics, The Tyranny of Survival, p. 91-3) __The value of survival could not be so readily abused were it not for its__ __AND__ __survival. It would be the Pyrrhic victory to end all Pyrrhic victories__.

The aff should win even under a utilitarian calculus—privacy isn’t about individual rights but the collective goods of a society where justice, deliberation, economic exchange and everything we care about is made possible by protection from the state Siavoshy 2015 (Babak Siavoshy is a fellow and supervising attorney at the Samuelson Law, Technology & Public Policy Clinic at the UC Berkeley School of Law, Why privacy matters even if you don’t care about it (or, privacy as a collective good), Concurring Opinions, June 14, http://concurringopinions.com/archives/2015/06/privacy-as-a-collective-good.html) This leads to what I think is the better (but perhaps more controversial) AND , the transition from predictability to chaos in deterministic mathematical system is possible.

civil rights
The Drug Enforcement Administration is creating a massive database of license plate tracking information—this is being used for political targeting and other kinds of violence Salles 2015 (Alice, journalist specializing in civil liberties, “License plate surveillance may invite political targeting,” Watchdog Arena, Feb 4, http://watchdog.org/197745/license-plate-surveillance-political-targeting/) LICENSED TO TARGET? The national collection of license plate data under the recently exposed AND detailed pictures of the private lives of citizens and visitors to this country.

Status quo license plate monitoring will push the US to the edge of full-scale totalitarianism—resistance now is necessary Suarez 2013 (John, human rights activist who has spoken before the United Nations Human Rights Council on several occasions, PanAm Post, Oct 18, http://panampost.com/john-suarez/2013/10/18/the-us-surveillance-state-and-the-totalitarian-tipping-point/) Today, massive and unsustainable debts are maintaining the US standard of living. Freedom AND one of many ominous signs regarding where this centralization of power is heading.

License plate monitoring is a massive violation of privacy—the government watches both vehicles and people A.P.P. 2015 (Asbury Park Press, “EDITORIAL: Big Brother is our co-pilot,” Jan 30, http://www.app.com/story/opinion/editorials/2015/01/30/editorial-big-brother-co-pilot/22613505/) The road to hell and the death of privacy in America is paved with government AND and passengers, which are sometimes clear enough for investigators to confirm identities.

Privacy is an a priori value: it’s the key liberty that defines the value of our lives and our capacities for agency Greenwald 2014 (Glenn, Snowden’s lawyer, “Why Privacy Matters,” []) Now AND the constraints that it imposes on us do not become any less potent.
 * we do not endorse the ablest language in this card**

Privacy is the key check on government power—it’s a precondition for democracy and dissent McFarland 2012 (Michael McFarland, S.J., a computer scientist with extensive liberal arts teaching experience and a special interest in the intersection of technology and ethics, served as the 31st president of the College of the Holy Cross., “Why We Care about Privacy,” June, http://www.scu.edu/ethics/practicing/focusareas/technology/internet/privacy/why-care-about-privacy.html) Privacy is even more necessary as a safeguard of freedom in the relationships between individuals AND , have enormous bureaucratic and technological power to gather and use the information.

Privacy is key to self-identity and value to life Sadowski 13 [Jathan, "Why Does Privacy Matter? One Scholar's Answer", 2/26/13, The Atlantic, www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/02/why-does-privacy-matter-one-scholars-answer/273521/] // SKY Our privacy is now at risk in unprecedented ways, but, sadly, the AND room provided by privacy is essential to being a complete, fulfilled person.

plan

 * Thus, the Plan: The United States federal government **** should substantially curtail its domestic surveillance by applying the Katz test and the precedent of United States v Jones to the Fourth Amendment violations of the data collection within the Department of Justice’s Automated License Plate Recognition System. **

framing
Court rulings are inevitable on the question of aggregate data collection—it’s just a question of whether ALPR is included in the ruling—that’s key to place restrictions on advanced surveillance technology Gutierrez-Alm 15- Winthrop & Weinstine, Associate Attorney (Jessica, “The Privacies of Life: Automatic License Plate Recognition is Unconstitutional Under the Mosaic Theory of Fourth Amendment Privacy Law”, Hamline Law Review: Vol. 38: Iss. 1, Article 5, [] Although the act of capturing license plate data and locations in public places does not AND Justice Rehnquist’s balance between citizens’ privacy and the state’s safety can be achieved.

The inclusion of ALPR data on that ruling is uniquely key—otherwise rulings on the Katz test will only ban individual GPS tracking devices, not broader technical systems of surveillance – ruling on both prongs of the Katz test is key to continue the precedent that tracking location, especially in terms of the aff, is a violation of privacy Hanna 14- a Notes & Comments Editor and mentor for the Associate Editors the Rutgers Computer and Technology Law Journal, Rutgers Law School (Sam, “The Future of Big Brother Government: Orwellian Surveillance of Vehicular Travels Has Arrived”, Rutgers Law School, [] The advent of ALPR technology makes learning the past and present location of thousands, AND on.”133 Justices Alito and Sotomayor have already answered in the negative.

The plan is a necessary response to violations of liberty--federal action is key Salles 2015 (Alice, journalist specializing in civil liberties, “License plate surveillance may invite political targeting,” Watchdog Arena, Feb 4, http://watchdog.org/197745/license-plate-surveillance-political-targeting/) But if the program was allowed to be carried out unchecked for so long, AND aren’t even asking questions about civil liberties and privacy when approving this technology.”

Actions determine morality, not results—consequentialism might be good, but moral side constraints exist that we cannot violate Nagel 1979 (Thomas, Philosopher, Mortal Questions, p 58-59) Many people feel, without being able to say much more about it, that AND ease the consciences of those responsible for a certain number of charred babies.

Our advantage is one of those side constraints—the injustices we have described should not be tolerated at any cost Rawls 1971 (John, philosopher, A Theory of Justice, p. 3-4) Justice is the first virtue of social institutionsas truth is of systems of thought AND . Being first virtues of human activities, truth and justice are uncompromising.

Dead bodies aren’t the key metric for decisionmaking—surveillance might not be dramatic, but the failure to confront it now adds up to a worse harm over time as abuses accumulate Solove 2011 (Daniel, professor of law at George Washington University, Why Privacy Matters Even if You Have 'Nothing to Hide', May 15, http://chronicle.com/article/Why-Privacy-Matters-Even-if/127461/) Investigating the nothing-to-hide argument a little more deeply, we find AND to-hide argument, in the end, has nothing to say.

The obsession with human survival is self-defeating—the tyranny of survival paradoxically destroys more people in the long run and diminishes the value of life Callahan 1973 (Daniel, institute of Society and Ethics, The Tyranny of Survival, p. 91-3) The value of survival could not be so readily abused were it not for its AND survival. It would be the Pyrrhic victory to end all Pyrrhic victories.

The aff should win even under a utilitarian calculus—privacy isn’t about individual rights but the collective goods of a society where justice, deliberation, economic exchange and everything we care about is made possible by protection from the state Siavoshy 2015 (Babak Siavoshy is a fellow and supervising attorney at the Samuelson Law, Technology & Public Policy Clinic at the UC Berkeley School of Law, Why privacy matters even if you don’t care about it (or, privacy as a collective good), Concurring Opinions, June 14, http://concurringopinions.com/archives/2015/06/privacy-as-a-collective-good.html) This leads to what I think is the better (but perhaps more controversial) AND and by the inertia of a new status quo, created without deliberation.

=neg=

1ncs
race census -- wilderson, liberalism turns islamophobia w/ plan -- wilderson, state bad, circumvention, reps framework nsa 702 -- anthropocene, wilderson counter visuality -- agamben, psychoanalysis, abelism pic, plantation pic, ballot k queerness -- cap, psychoanalysis, framework agamben w/ plan -- anthropocene

past 2nrs
wilderson circumvention agamben cap k anthropocene t - surveillance = data collection