Grey+Alfonso+and+Aaron+Berger

=__**AFF SECTION**__=

__**AIIB Affirmative**__
=First Affirmative Constructive = ====plan: The United States federal government should substantially increase its diplomatic and economic engagement with the People's Republic of China over the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank with the purpose of joining the bank.==== **====Advantage 1 is China–====** ====China's rise is inevitable —- U.S. failure to seek membership in the AIIB sends the signal that it doesn't want to integrate China into global economic governance and crushes America's ability to shape the global order==== **Wyne, 15** —- contributing analyst at Wikistrat, and a global fellow with the Project for the Study of the 21st Century (4/7/15, Ali, "The American World Order and China's New Bank," @http://warontherocks.com/2015/04/the-american-world-order-and-chinas-new-bank/, article downloaded on 5/3/16, JMP) The United States has sensibly declared its intention to rebalance towards the Asia-Pacific AND writ large—than, respectively, excluding China and shunning its efforts. **====AIIB is China's first signature contribution —- failure to engage it fuels perception of containment====** Scott Kennedy 15 —- Deputy Director of the Freeman Chair in China Studies and Director of the Project on Chinese Business and Political Economy at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (Scott; "What Went Wrong With U.S. Strategy on China's New Bank and What Should Washington Do Now?"; March 25 ^^th^^; @https://www.chinafile.com/conversation/what-went-wrong-us-strategy-chinas-new-bank-and-what-should-washington-do-now)//pk In 2005, then United States Deputy Secretary of State Robert Zoellick famously called on AND will be able to justly claim they are truly acting as responsible stakeholders. ====Engaging on the AIIB is critical —- it's the focal point for China's expanded international role and cooperation will help resolve Myanmar conflict and spillover to cybersecurity and the South China Sea ==== **Noori, et. al, 15** —- Program Specialist, Middle East & North Africa Programs at United States Institute of Peace (8/24/15, Maral Noori, Daniel Jasper and Jason Tower, "Overcoming Barriers to U.S.-China Cooperation," @http://www.usip.org/publications/2015/08/24/overcoming-barriers-us-china-cooperation, downloaded on 4/21/16, JMP) In 2011, U.S. president Barack Obama announced plans to "pivot <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">. cooperation. Development lending could prove a minimally politically sensitive testing ground. <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">====SCS tensions increasing now – US air dispatch to Philippines increases tensions – China ready to spark conflict now==== <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">**Gady 6/17/16 —** Associate Editor with The Diplomat, Senior Fellow with the EastWest Institute (Franz-Stefan, "US Navy Sends Electronic Attack Warplanes to Philippines Amid South China Sea Tensions", @http://thediplomat.com/2016/06/us-navy-sends-electronic-attack-warplanes-to-philippines-amid-south-china-sea-tensions/)//CK <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Amid rising tensions in the South China Sea, the United States Navy dispatched four <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) in The Hague is expected soon. <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">====South China Sea conflict goes nuclear. ==== <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Christensen 6/5/15 – Thomas J., Boswell professor of world politics and director of the China and the World Program at Princeton University, is a former U.S. deputy assistant secretary of state for East Asian and Pacific affairs, "China's Rising Military: Now for the Hard Part" @http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2015-06-05/china-s-rising-military-now-for-the-hard-part <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">One reason for this is that no consensus exists in East Asia on the territorial <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">conditions in which a technologically superior foe attacks crucial targets with conventional weapons. <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">====Expanding economic engagement key to maintain foundation for relations —- lowers risk of conflict==== <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">**Dollar, 15** —- Senior Fellow, John L. Thornton China Center at Brookings (9/30/15, David, "INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC GOVERNANCE AND CHINA'S RISE: HOW SHOULD THE UNITED STATES AND JAPAN RESPOND?" @http://www.brookings.edu//media/events/2015/09/30-international-economic-governance-chinas-rise/20150930_china_economic_governance_transcript.pdf, article downloaded 6/12/16, JMP) <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">DR. DOLLAR: The leaders on the two sides, U.S. <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">of the relationship. And then the risks of conflict become much greater. <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">====Failure to recalibrate U.S. economic policy toward China risks miscalculation that triggers great power conflict==== <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">**Wyne, 15** —- contributing analyst at Wikistrat and a global fellow at the Project for the Study of the 21st Century (6/1/15, Ali, "Is America's Mind-set the Greatest Threat to Its Future?" @http://nationalinterest.org/feature/america%E2%80%99s-mind-set-the-greatest-threat-its-future-13004?page=show, article downloaded 5/3/16, JMP) ***Joseph Nye is a professor at the Harvard Kennedy School and one of the most esteemed analysts of world affairs** Lehmann, 15 **—- Emeritus Professor at IMD, Lausanne (Switzerland), currently Visiting Professor at Hong Kong University and at NIIT University in Neemrana, Rajasthan (India) (4/2/15, Jean-Pierre Lehmann, "China And The US: The AIIB Fiasco &amp; America's Colossal Loss Of Face," @http://www.forbes.com/sites/jplehmann/2015/04/02/china-and-the-us-the-aiib-fiasco-americas-colossal-loss-of-face/print/, article downloaded 6/14/16, JMP)** Chakravorti, 15 **—- Senior Associate Dean of International Business & Finance at The Fletcher School at Tufts University and founding Executive Director of Fletcher's Institute for Business in the Global Context (4/20/15, Bhaskar, "China's New Development Bank Is a Wake-Up Call for Washington," @https://hbr.org/2015/04/chinas-new-development-bank-is-a-wake-up-call-for-washington, article downloaded on 6/18/16, JMP)** Knight, 15 **—- Faculty Director of the SIS Honors Program and Assistant Professor at American University's School of International Service and expert on international political economy (4/3/15, Sarah Cleeland Knight, "The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank – Three Questions for Sarah Cleeland Knight," @http://www.american.edu/sis/news/20150403-3Q-Cleeland-Knight-Asian-Infrastructure-Investment-Bank.cfm, article downloaded 5/11/16, JMP)** Lee & Fullilove, 5/17/16 **—- *President, East Asia Institute (South Korea), AND** Executive Director, Lowy Institute for International Policy (Australia) (Michael, "Crisis in Global Governance: A Conversation with Richard N. Haass and the Council of Councils," @http://www.cfr.org/global-governance/crisis-global-governance-conversation-richard-n-haass-council-councils/p37852, article downloaded 5/30/16, JMP) <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">LEE: And at the same time, you know, there is interesting AIIB <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">does come back to leadership. <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">MABRY: Mmm hmm. Excellent. <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">====U.S. involvement will allow AIIB to safeguard its independence from China, develop higher standards and transparency, reverse perception of containment and boost the credibility of its Asia rebalance==== <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">**Lazarus, 3/2/16** —- MA candidate at The Fletcher School, Tufts University (Leland, "Why the U.S. Should Embrace the AIIB; There are compelling reasons for the U.S. to join China's new development bank," @http://thediplomat.com/2016/03/why-the-u-s-should-embrace-the-aiib/, article downloaded 4/24/16, JMP) <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">China's new Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) has been the source of considerable <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">improve the AIIB as a member, instead of opposing the bank altogether. <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">====The plan reverses the perception of hostility ==== <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">**Marston, 16** —- Southeast Asia analyst at a Washington, D.C., think tank (2/28/16, Hunter, "A Four-Point Plan for Reviving the U.S. Role in Asia," @http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/four-point-plan-reviving-the-us-role-asia-15342?page=show, article downloaded 5/3/16, JMP) <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Downplay the Current Mindset of Rivalry <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">The great challenge of the century for future <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">determine U.S. standing in the world in the Asian century.
 * <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Nye suggests that the greatest threat to U.S. influence may not be **
 * <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND **
 * <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">world order." Here's to hoping that the United States heeds that judgment. **
 * <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">====Ensuring peaceful rise is necessary to prevent World War 3 —- lack of engagement on AIIB has wrecked U.S. leadership==== **
 * <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">It is very worrying for the world that American policy makers should be capable of **
 * <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND **
 * <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">us hope the appropriate lessons are learned. Pax Americana is still needed. **
 * <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">====Independently, the plan gives the U.S. critical influence to address a number of nuclear threats and propel cooperation to a new level==== **
 * <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">The founder of modern Singapore, Lee Kwan Yew, who passed away recently, **
 * <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND **
 * <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">the World Bank and others to work out how to play with it. **
 * <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">====U.S. should engage China to join the AIIB —- allows it to exert net more influence ==== **
 * <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">A growing number of countries are joining the China-led Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank **
 * <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND **
 * <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">best, working quietly with China, to ensure that it actually does. **
 * <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">====The plan will rebalance the relationship with China —- preventing a collision between the rising powers==== **

=<span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">__**Bataille Affirmative**__ =

<span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">=First Affirmative Constructive = <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">How I would love one day to see all people, young and old, sad or happy, men and women, married or not, serious or superficial leave their homes and their work places, relinquish their duties and responsibilities, gather in the streets and refuse to do any- thing anymore. <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> Would not such moments be the triumph of nothingness and the final apotheosis of nonbeing? <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">E. M. **Cioran**, Romanian madman, 19**34**, "Pe culmile disperării" Translated by Ilinca Zarifopol-Johnston. Fundaţia Pentru Literatură Şi Artă "Regele Carol II,". HHurt. <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">====Nonproductive expenditure has all but disappeared in modern life—humanity exists now in an ever-increasing state of self-objectification that is part and parcel with the history of the West's colonial mission to eradicate mystery and unproductive consumption. The prohibition of wasteful expenditure mirrors the topic's imperative to render all engagement with China useful. The will to productivity is a disciplinary apparatus that dictates what is useful debate activity, but also what is a useful way to exist in the world. ==== <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">====The systematic suppression of cultures of excessive generosity and ritual destruction of wealth, such as the Wenzhou in China, is justified based on productive rationality and the desire to promote modern utilitarian mechanisms of productivity and disciplinary power. Despite their poverty, the CCP violently attempting to end Wenzhou "superstitions," and bend the people to savings accounts and other productive expansion, the Wenzhou people still make more sacrificial offerings than before. They are an example of a profound holdout against the oceanic tide of the productive side of economic engagement.==== <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">**Yang 13. (Mayfair, Professor of Religious Studies and East Asian Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara, "Two Logics of the Gift and Banquet: A Genealogy of China and the Northwest Coast," Taipei: National Chengchi University, Institute of Foreign Languages, Translation Center, 2013.** <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">However, Bataille's work takes the Nietzschean spirit of anti- utilitariansim to new heights <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">1990; quoted in Wang, M.M. 1995: 62) <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">====Status quo models of economic engagement as well as models of debate condemn us to the incessant grindstone of productive existence. This not only condemns life to a homogenized bare minimum of existence, but also threatens existence on the planet. The endless drive for productivist politics with China mirrors a productive research curriculum in debate, which when taken together guarantees humanity's destructive turn to modern warfare and nuclear weapons. ==== <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">====Instead the 1ac sacrifices productive engagement with the topic, just like how in Wenzhou wealth is sacrificed and the will to productivity of Communist China is rebuked. Voting aff is the affirmation of a sovereign moment, where individuals can experience the basic freedom of luxuriousness that profane life has sought to eradicate.==== <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">**Yang 13. (Mayfair, Professor of Religious Studies and East Asian Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara, "Two Logics of the Gift and Banquet: A Genealogy of China and the Northwest Coast," Taipei: National Chengchi University, Institute of Foreign Languages, Translation Center, 2013.** <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">At the beginning of the 21 st century, what can we learn from this <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">in divinity, must be r e- cuperated and grasped for modernity. <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">====Absent a re-orientation of the politics of expenditure, humanity will succumb to the ongoing endless homogenization of itself, the infusion of a species by the spirit of a military neoliberal machine, which has no purpose other than work. This supreme form of nihilism operates on the very genome of individuality, total surveillance, poverty, and destruction across the world and the biosphere. The contemporary drive towards productivity immerses humans into the ultimate technological war machine and secures a fate of self-destruction and techno-nihilism alongside the liquidation of meaning as humanity becomes data trash in a commodity ecosystem.==== <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Featherstone 10. [Mark, Senior Lecturer in Sociology at Keele University, "Death-Drive America: On Scott Wilson's Vision of the Cultural Politics of American Nihilism in the Age of Supercapitalism," Fast Capitalism 7.1, 2010] <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Despite the dire warnings of the prophets of technological dystopia such as Heidegger we remain <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">(2008b) two books on contemporary American supercapitalism, Great Satan's Rage. <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">====Contemporary consumer society survives off the promise of a utopian fiction of escape from the pain of production and a life of eventual luxury bought and sold by the culture industry. The problem is the space of luxury no longer exists. Our relationship with China is currently a "grey zone" where we have over-produced to such an extent that there is really nowhere else to go. ==== <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Everything is possible, and yet nothing is. All is permitted, and yet again, nothing. No matter which way we go, it is no better than any other. It is all the same whether you achieve something or not, have faith or not, just as it is all the same whether you cry or remain silent. There is an explanation for everything, and yet there is none. Everything is both real and unreal, normal and ab- surd, splendid and insipid. There is nothing worth more than anything else, nor any idea better than any other. Why grow sad from one's sadness and delight in one's joy? What does it matter whether our tears come from pleasure or pain? Love your un- happiness and hate your happiness, mix everything up, scramble it all! Be a snowflake dancing in the air, a flower floating down- stream! Have courage when you don't need to, and be a coward when you must be brave! Who knows? You may still be a winner! And if you lose, does it really matter? Is there anything to win in this world? All gain is a loss, and all loss is a gain. Why always expect a definite stance, clear ideas, meaningful words? I feel as if I should spout fire in response to all the questions which were ever put, or not put, to me. <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">E. M. **Cioran**, Romanian madman, 19**34**, "Pe culmile disperării" Translated by Ilinca Zarifopol-Johnston. Fundaţia Pentru Literatură Şi Artă "Regele Carol II,". HHurt. <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">====We affirm the topic as a luxurious economic engagement with China, even while there is no more space for material expansion, this absurd model of active and affective transgression are key to subvert the ethics of calculation that dominate contemporary society and empower political multitudes to resist the will to overproductivty and violence of empire.==== <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">**Featherstone 16.** (Mark Featherstone, professor of sociology at Keele University, "Luxus: A thanatology of luxury from Nero to Bataille," Cultural Politics Vol 12 Issue 1 pp. 67-71) <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">In this article, I propose to develop an aneconomic theory of luxury that locates <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">the death drive that heads over to the other side of material things. <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">====A truly surrealist poetics is a marvelous embrace of joy before death, the refusal of all exterior forms, and a sovereign moment of non-meaning and thus radiating beauty. You should vote aff for the 1ac's performance of a surrealist poetics of sacrifice ==== <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">**Hirsch 14.** Alexander Hirsch, professor of political science at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks, "Sovereignty surreal: Bataille and Fanon beyond the state of exception," Contemporary Political Theory (2014) 13, pg. 292 <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">It is no coincidence that Bataille articulated this theory of sovereignty most elegantly in his <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">this forgetfulness, given its attunement to a reality fecund with oblivion.9 <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">====Perfect communication is never possible, this is both necessary and unavoidable—something will always go unsaid or be unclear. But debate should not try to avoid this failure nor eliminate it, but rather protect it. The 1ac maintains the possibility of strange contact that is paradoxical and terrifying with the nonproductive forms of engaging China, rather than binding them to the responsibility of clarity and the blinding light of positivism.==== <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">====This is the only ethical option—indeterminacy of communication opens onto the incompleteness of being and the attempt to evoke a future where one is impelled to speak for another only papers over the incommensurability of communication and is done in bad faith. ==== <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">====The aff on the other hand is a joyful embrace of both the desirable and undesirable elements of communication. We cannot purge our existence of the accursed share of language, only by protecting the impossible difference fundamental to existence as communicators can we make debate great again.==== <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">**Lerman 15** (Lindsay Lerman, PhD in philosophy from the University of Guelph, "Georges Bataille's 'Nonknowledge' as Epistemic Expenditure: An Open Economy of Knowledge," pp. 40-43) <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">"Socratic College" also contains multiple claims that some kind of failure is necessarily <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">that fragile something in communication too far, pushing it until it dies.

=**__<span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">NEG SECTION __**=

<span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">===off=== <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">====Polls show Clinton will win the election now==== <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">**Benen 6/15** (Steve, MSNBC. "Latest polls show Clinton getting stronger, Trump falling." @http://www.msnbc.com/rachel-maddow-show/latest-polls-show-clinton-getting-stronger-trump-falling ) <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">When Donald Trump wrapped up the Republicans' presidential nomination, 2016 polling showed him gaining <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">% unfavorable) and Hispanics (11% favorable/89% unfavorable). <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">====Clinton holds union members in key swing states —- the appearance of ANY WEAKNESS ON TRADE WITH CHINA means Trump steals the deciding voting block ==== <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">**Scheiber 1/29** <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">(Noam Scheiber, 1-29-2016, "Unions Lean Democratic, but Donald Trump Gets Members' Attention," New York Times, @http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/30/business/donald-trump-unions.html, Accessed 6/22/16, JH) <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">WASHINGTON — Of all the voters who might be expected to resist the charms of <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">will take that issue and drive it and drive it and drive it." <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">====Trump will weaponize BIT. ==== <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">**Ulsterman '15 – journalist for DC Whispers, (D.W., "MUST READ: Trump Was Right On China & The TPP Agreement," ** @http://dcwhispers.com/must-read-trump-was-right-on-china-the-tpp-agreement/**, DS)** <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> "…many TPP countries already have free-trade agreements with China. Even <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">its own accord which includes getting a bilateral agreement with the United States. <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">====Trump and his hands are really bad —— extinction==== <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">**Nisbet 16** (Matthew, Associate Professor of Communication Studies and Affiliate Associate Professor of Public Policy and Urban Affairs at Northeastern University who studies the role of communication, media, and public opinion in debates over science, technology, and the environment, New Scientist, "Trump would deliver fatal blow to fight against climate change," 5/27/16 http://www.northeastern.edu/camd/commstudies/people/matthew-nisbet/#sthash.Zoq2zrjr.dpuf ) <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Trump would deliver fatal blow to fight against climate change A Donald Trump presidency would <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">. The stakes riding on a US presidential election have never been higher. <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">===off=== <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">====Bifocal lens of China threat and opportunity are false constructions based the West's need for certainty and power – the failings of opportunity policies or engagement will converge with the fear incited by the threat constructions making conflict inevitable as politicians push for "hedging strategies" against China. ==== <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">**Pan '12 **- Senior Lecturer in International Relations at Deakin University (Chengxin, Knowledge, Desire and Power in Global Politics, p.148-150)//CT <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">At the core of the Western self-imagination is the modern knowing subject. <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">context that this book has sought to deconstruct a less than healthy field. <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">====The 'China threat' paradigm has encouraged Chinese reciprocation, further engagement within this paradigm continues the deterioration of US-Sino relations and increases the risk of conflict.==== <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Pan 12, Chengxin Pan is a Senior Lecturer in the International Relations at the School of Humanities and Social Sciences and a member of the Alfred Deakin Institute for Citizenship and Globalization at Deakin University (Chengxin Pan, Knowledge, Desire, and Power in Global Politics, pg. 105-107)//AM <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">If changing Chinese public opinion and Beijing's growing assertiveness in foreign policy are better understood <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">all the more imperative to lay bare its intrinsic link with power practice. <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">====Alt – Reject the aff to open their representations and language to deconstructive self-watching. Only complete rejection of latent neocolonial representations can change Western self-imaginations. ==== <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">**Pan '12 **- Senior Lecturer in International Relations at Deakin University (Chengxin, Knowledge, Desire and Power in Global Politics, p.151-152)//CT <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">One message from this study is that it is no longer adequate for us to <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">watching, facilitated by its various scientific, theoretical, and pedagogical guises. <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">===off === <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">====Engagement is the unconditional provision of incentives – it excludes coercive strategies==== <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Johnston and Ross, 5 - professor of political science at Harvard AND professor of political science at Boston College (Alastair and Robert, Engaging China: The Management of an Emerging Power, p. xv) <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">The volume's comprehensive approach to studying engagement means that the contributors have vastly different research <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">global or regional order. Our definition of engagement specifically excludes coercive policies.