Jacob+&+DJ

=1AC=

(REMs) depleting now and risks global economic collapse– AUVs accesses new supplies which are key for the aerospace industry and high tech manufacturing
Green, Senior Editor-in-Chief at Robotics Business Review, 14 (Tom, 5-12-14, Robotics Business Review, “Deep Sea Dive for Rare Earth Elements”, http://www.roboticsbusinessreview.com/article/deep_sea_dive_for_rare_earth_elements) After a year of falling prices and depleting customer inventories, buyers of Rare Earth AND with subsea robot mining tools built by technology partners like Soil Machine Dynamics.

REM independence is key to weapons development and preserving hegemony
Hannis, Senior fellow in defense studies at the American Foreign Policy Council, 12 (Eric, 11-20-12, US News, “Are We Losing the Race for Rare Earths?”, http://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/world-report/2012/11/20/the-us-needs-rare-earth-independence-from-china) This race is also important for defense reasons : A reliable domestic source of rare AND //that supplies much of our oil: Neither are getting friendlier to America.//

The pursuit of hegemony is inevitable, sustainable, and prevents great power war
Ikenberry, Brooks, and Wohlforth, Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College and the Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University and Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University in Seoul and the Daniel Webster Professor of Government at Dartmouth College, 13 (John Ikenberry, Stephen G. Brooks, William C. Wohlforth, January/February 2013, Foreign Affairs, “Lean Forward: In Defense of American Engagement” http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/138468/stephen-g-brooks-g-john-ikenberry-and-william-c-wohlforth/lean-forward) Of course, even if it is true that the costs of deep engagement fall AND an engaged and liberal leading power. The results could well be disastrous.

REMs key to railguns
Butler, Commander of the 611th Air and Space Operations Center at Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Alaska and National Defense Fellow at The Fletcher School, 14 (Colonel Charles J. Butler, Winter 2014, Fletcher Forum Volume 38:1, “Rare Earth Elements: China’s Monopoly and Implications for U.S. National Security”, http://www.fletcherforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/38-1_Butler1.pdf) Rare earths tech nology used in electronics also has numerous defense applications //. The same technology// //AND// accuracy would deteriorate, potentially resulting in increased collateral damage and weapons expenditure.

Railguns mean we win every Naval and Air conflict
Lamothe, Award-winning military journalist and war correspondent, 14 (Dan, 4-7-14, Foreign Policy, “Watch the Navy’s futuristic star wars rail gun blow things up”, http://complex.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2014/04/07/watch_the_navy_s_futuristic_star_wars_railgun_blow_things_up) Picture this: The Pentagon is preparing for an assault on a coastal country in AND a major step for a program that has never been operated at sea.

Railguns are the greatest nuclear deterrent - they can shoot down any kind of missile
Tozer, Writer for the Department of Defense Science online news provider, 14 (Jessica L., 4-9-14, Armed with Science, “Here comes the BOOM: The Real Railgun of the U.S. Navy”, http://science.dodlive.mil/2014/04/09/here-comes-the-boom-the-real-railgun-of-the-u-s-navy/) When referencing how this behemoth system of mass destruction operates, I’m reminded of a AND //an hour//,” Adm. Klunder said. “That kind of energy.”

Current ocean exploration is inadequate in climate data collection—AUVs are the key first step
McNutt, 13 —Marcia, Executive Chair of Oceans 2020, a group of more than 110 ocean explorers gathered at the Aquarium of the Pacific in Long Beach, California, “Accelerating Ocean Exploration” SCIENCE 341:937 (30 August 2013). Reprinted with permission from AAAS in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, “The Report of Ocean Exploration Exploration 2020; A National Program,” July, []. Page 13-14 //BR Last month, a distinguished group of ocean researchers and explorers convened in Long Beach AND needs to happen now to provide a useful informational baseline for future decisions.

In this chapter __I discuss visible surface features of cold vents and attempt to explain__ __AND__ __the examination of discrete cold vent communities to be extended into the subsurface.__
 * Specifically, AUVs are key to __cold vent monitoring__ **
 * Furlong 13 **– Masters student, University of Victoria (Jonathan, “Characteristic Morphology, Backscatter, and Sub-seafloor Structures of Cold-Vents on the Northern Cascadia Margin from High-Resolution Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Data” UMI Dissertations Publishing. ProQuest)

__The co-deposition of organic carbon with inorganic seafloor sediments is considered to remove__ __AND__ 2008) or sourced from the continent (Etiope et al., 2008).
 * __ Methane seepage __**** from cold vents trigger __immediate climate tipping events__ that cause extinction **
 * Furlong 13 **– Masters student, University of Victoria (Jonathan, “Characteristic Morphology, Backscatter, and Sub-seafloor Structures of Cold-Vents on the Northern Cascadia Margin from High-Resolution Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Data” UMI Dissertations Publishing. ProQuest)

AUVs are critical to biodiversity and marine management
Smale ’12, Marine Biological Association Research Fellow “Regional-scale benthic monitoring for ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) using an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV)”, ICES Journal of Marine Science, http://icesjms.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2012/05/18/icesjms.fss082.full Monitoring marine habitats and biodiversity is critical for understanding ecological processes, conserving natural resources AND facilitate the detection of ecological change and ultimately feed back into EBFM processes.

Species diversity loss causes global extinction – we’re at the tipping point – crossing the threshold in the next 10 years makes it irreversible
Walsh, 10 —Bryan, “Wildlife: A Global Convention on Biodiversity Opens in Japan, But Can It Make a Difference?” Ecocentric Blog @ TIME, 10-18, [|http://ecocentric.blogs.time.com/2010/10/18/wildlife-a-global-convention-on-biodiversity-opens-in-japan-but-can-it-make-a-difference/#ixzz131wU6CSp]. //BR// // The story of non-human life on the planet Earth over the past few // // AND // forgive us. We're losing nature. And that loss really is forever.//

Environmental destruction is the greatest threat to human survival—several scenarios
Coyne and Hoekstra 7 – *professor in the Department of Ecology and Evolution at the University of Chicago, **Associate Professor in the Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University (Jerry and Hopi, The New Republic, “The Greatest Dying,” 9/24, []) But it isn't just the destruction of the rainforests that should trouble us. __Healthy__ __AND__ __just another Great Dying, but perhaps the //greatest dying of them all//__.

Defer Aff—coral reef and ocean ecosystem collapse is an invisible threshold for extinction—it also flips all of their environment Ks
Watston, 2K— founder Sea Shepherd conservation Society. Founding Director Greenpeace, MA Environmentalist[Paul, “The Politics of Extinction,” []] __Individual humans are for the most part insulated from the reality of species loss__. AND __and with it the horrendous and mind numbing specter of massive human destruction__.

====Thus the plan: The USFG should coordinate a comprehensive national navigational geospatial activity for exploration of its ocean with non-military autonomous underwater vehicles through The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration====

The Institute of Undersea Vehicles and Technology is ran by NOAA and they only owns //two// research based AUVs
NOAA, 12 —National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, “NOAA In Your State: Mississippi,” []. //BR NOAA’s Institute for Undersea Science and Technology NOAA's Office of Ocean Exploration and Research AND vehicles (AUVs): the Eagle Ray AUV and the Mola Mola AUV.

Status quo offshore technology fails – AUVs are key but tech needs investment
Danson, November 2002 [Edwin F. S., ed. Gwyn Griffiths, “Auv Tasks in the Offshore Industry”, Technology and Applications of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles. Nov 2002, pg. 127-129, Umich online library] 8.1 INTRODUCTION In the offshore industry, where survey work is primarily of AND future. Without doubt, //the AUV will be one of those tools//.

Autonomous underwater vehicles key to inexpensive detection of mineral deposits AND new technology means surveys can be done quickly and accurately
Wiltshire, ’10, Specialist at Ocean and Resources Engineering [J. C., "MINERAL EXTRACTION, AUTHIGENIC MINERALS." //Marine Policy & Economics: A Derivative of the Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences//(2010): 274., Google Books, [|http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=dqzXwFsOFMcC&oi=fnd&pg=PA274&dq=(%22Rare+Earth+Elements%22+OR+%22rare+earth+minerals%22)+AND+(%22autonomous+underwater+vehicles%22+OR+%22Autonomous+Benthic+Explorer%22)&ots=PIzchVTPjs&sig=C1I_dhR2fdZIW6VUSsl3m8t-n44#v=onepage&q&f=false], pg 276] The first step in minerals development is to find an economic mine site. This AND model to determine whether it is economically profitable to mine a given deposit.

AUV development is inevitable, but Congress is key to spurs streamline production and overcome previous barriers
FIND 14 – Federal information and news dispatch (FIND, “House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime

AUVs are highly capable and configurable tools for a variety of missions
Elvander and Hawkes, 2012, Blue Finn Ocean Technology; engineer Deepflight underwater submersible (Josh and Graham, “ROVs and AUVs in Support of Marine Renewable Technologies,” Bluefin Robotics Papers, [], ASG) The Bluefin Robotics Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) is an extremely versatile system that AND GPS receiver, pressure/depth sensor, and a sound speed sensor.

The Secretary of NOAA can promote and coordinate AUVs by acting with Congressional authorization
Rahall, 7 —House Committee on Natural Resources, “House Report 110-311 - TO AUTHORIZE THE NATIONAL OCEAN EXPLORATION PROGRAM AND THE NATIONAL UNDERSEA RESEARCH PROGRAM WITHIN THE NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION,” August 4, []. //BR In carrying out the program authorized under section 102, the Administrator of the National AND to enhance the scientific and technical expertise and relevance of the national program.

= Negative =

Neg Vs. ICW HR 1NC: Prizes CP, T-its, T-nonmilitary, Heidegger K, Space Tradeoff, Japan DA  2NR: Japan DA