Jax+&+Daniel

=Plan=

The United States federal government should create a National Offshore Aquaculture Framework that
==== - authorizes the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration as the lead federal agency for regulating offshore aquaculture and gives it authority to determine appropriate locations for, permit, regulate, monitor, and enforce offshore aquaculture in the Exclusive Economic Zone====

- establishes a research program to guide the precautionary development of offshore aquaculture in the EEZ
=Solvency=

Current regulatory structure blocks development of offshore aquaculture in federal waters --- leads to both under and over regulation and leaves the door open for inevitable legal challenges
Johns, 13 --- J.D. Candidate, USC Law 2013 (March 2013, Kristen L., Southern California Law Review, FARM FISHING HOLES: GAPS IN FEDERAL REGULATION OF OFFSHORE AQUACULTURE,” 86 S. Cal. L. Rev. 681, JMP)

III. DEFICIENCIES OF THE CURRENT REGULATORY SCHEME The current regime for AND aquaculture industry to effectively challenge any project. ====The plan, based on the National Sustainable Offshore Aquaculture Act, is the best way to develop environmentally sustainable offshore aquaculture. It is a product of systemic research from relevant stakeholders.==== Lead agency k2 administaration/consistency Noaa key – expertise in fisheries/oceans – scholarly consensus Legally binding regulations solve – force accountability. Johns, 13 --- J.D. Candidate, USC Law 2013 (March 2013, Kristen L., Southern California Law Review, FARM FISHING HOLES: GAPS IN FEDERAL REGULATION OF OFFSHORE AQUACULTURE,” 86 S. Cal. L. Rev. 681, JMP)

IV. DEVELOPING A NEW FRAMEWORK A. Congress Should Enact New Legislation AND but not at the expense of a healthy ocean.

The plan sets a global model that saves marine ecosystems
Us gets modelled, an aggressive policy will be pursued globally – encourage better standards. Naylor, 6 --- Fellow at the Center for Environmental Science and Policy, Stanford University (Spring 2006, Rosamond L., “Environmental Safeguards for Open-Ocean Aquaculture,” [], JMP)

The need for national environmental standards Whether environmentalists like it or not, AND //standards could help encourage better practices in other countries//.

=Sustainability Adv=

Global overfishing is real – only new sustainable practices can solve
Sumaila 12 – professor and director of the Fisheries Centre at the University of B.C (Rashid, “Declining fisheries will affect us all soon enough”, Feb 1st, //LexisNexis//) //J.N.E The sad story of Newfoundland's cod industry is well known: AND will require all of us to work together toward common goals.

It collapses fisheries globally
The jig, however, is nearly up. In 1950, AND the first scene in a watery horror show.
 * Pauly 9** --- professor at the Fisheries Centre of the University of British Columbia (9/28/2009, Daniel, “Aquacalypse Now,” [], JMP)

Overfishing will destroy the ocean in the short term
What Will Be the Future of the Oceans? AND , and water quality all decrease exponentially.
 * Oceana 7** - adapted from a briefing given on May 24, 2007 at the World Trade Organization by Andrew Sharpless, Chief Executive Officer of Oceana and Dr. Rashid Sumaila, Director of the Fisheries Economics Research Unit at the University of British Columbia Fisheries Centre (“STATE OF THE WORLD’S FISHERIES”, []) //J.N.E

Specifically, it destroys regional diversities – interdependence
Science Daily 14 – leading publishers of science news – citing Flordia State University research (“Snowball effect of overfishing highlighted”, Jan 7th, []) //J.N.E Florida State University researchers have spearheaded AND , the Centre de Recherche Halieutique Méditerranéenne et Tropicale in France.

Continued loss of biodiversity causes extinction
Palaeontologists characterize mass extinctions as times when the Earth AND are pushing today’s species towards extinction.
 * Bamosky et al 11** - Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, University of California Museum of Paleontology, California, USA. University of California Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, California, USA. Human Evolution Research Center, California, USA, (Anthony D. Barnosky, Nicholas Matzke, Susumu Tomiya, Guinevere O. U. Wogan, Brian Swartz, Tiago B. Quental, Charles Marshall, Jenny L. McGuire, Emily L. Lindsey, Kaitlin C. Maguire, Ben Mersey & Elizabeth A. Ferrer, “Has the Earth’s sixth mass extinction already arrived?”, Nature Journal, Volume 471, Peer Reviewed) //J.N.E

The plan solves, it creates a sustainable model that trades off with wild fish stock
IV. The Benefits and Harms of Modern Aquaculture Before delving into an account AND and realize its full, impressive potential.
 * Smith 12** --- J.D. Harvard Law School, 2012 (4/19/2012, Turner, “Greening the Blue Revolution: How History Can Inform a Sustainable Aquaculture Movement,” [], JMP)

=Food Security Adv=

Global food production will inevitably breakdown now --- a shift to ocean aquaculture key to sustainably feed the growing population and prevent massive deforestation
Strasser, 14 --- Senior Editor of ThinkProgress (4/21/2014, Annie-Rose, “The New, Innovative And More Efficient Way Of Feeding People,” [], JMP)

Don Kent, President of the Hubbs-Sea World Research Institute , AND of this is that agriculture is //driving massive deforestation//.

Deforestation will cause extinction
Chivian 11, Dr. Eric S. Chivian is the founder and Director of the Center for Health and the Global Environment (CHGE) at Harvard Medical School and directs the Biodiversity and Human Health Progam. He is also an Assistant Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. Chivian works with the United Nations on how to address the pressing environmental problems the world is facing. (“Species Extinction, Biodiversity Loss and Human Health”, http://www.ilo.org/oshenc/part-vii/environmental-health-hazards/item/505-species-extinction-biodiversity-loss-and-human-health, 2011) Kerwin

Human activity is causing the extinction of animal, plant AND //efforts to preserve species and ecosystems be given the highest priority//.

Status quo overfishing ensures food insecurity
Pinstrup-Andersen et al June 2014 – Danish Economist, Professor at Cornell (Per, “Sustainable fisheries and aquaculture for food security and nutrition”, June 2014, [], JZG) What is the impact of the fisheries’ crisis and over-fishing on food security and nutrition? AND “hone” the sustainability pathways that the sector could follow.

a) Food Availability
(Nathanael, Junning Cai – Assistant Professor at Central University of Finance and Economics, PingSun Leung – professor at College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, “Commercial aquaculture and economic growth, poverty alleviation and food security, FAO, [], JZG) Contribution to food availability Two aspects of food availability are AND aquatic food products generally suit the taste of the population in these countries.
 * Hishamunda et al 9** - Fishery Planning Officer at the Fishery and Aquaculture Economics and Policy Division of the FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department

b) Food access
Contribution to food access Food availability is a necessary AND community formation and its contribution to tax revenues.
 * Hishamunda et al 9** - Fishery Planning Officer at the Fishery and Aquaculture Economics and Policy Division of the FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department (Nathanael, Junning Cai – Assistant Professor at Central University of Finance and Economics, PingSun Leung – professor at College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, “Commercial aquaculture and economic growth, poverty alleviation and food security, FAO, [], JZG)

Food insecurity will collapse civilization—causes disease spread, economic collapse, and terrorism
Brown, 9 --- founder of both the WorldWatch Institute and the Earth Policy Institute (May 2009, Lester R., Scientific American, “Could Food Shortages Bring Down Civilization?” Ebsco) //The biggest threat to global stability// is the potential for food AND //their fall will threaten the stability of global civilization itself//.

Withholding food is morally intolerable
Peffer 3 – Professor in Philosophy from UC San Diego, PhD from University of Arizona in Moral, Social and Political philosophy (Rodney, “WORLD HUNGER, MORAL THEORY, AND RADICAL RAWLSIANISM,” Special Issue: “Topics in International Moral Theory,” International Journal of Politics and Ethics, vol. 2, no. 4, 2003)//HAL Hunger, starvation, malnutrition, under-nutrition, and absolute poverty AND This is morally appalling - and intolerable.

=Framing=

Multiple factors check war
Robb 12 —Lieutenant, US Navy (Doug, Why the Age of Great Power War is Over, [|www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/2012-05/now-hear-why-age-great-power-war-over], JZG) Whereas in years past, when nations allied with AND costly, counterproductive, archaic, and improbable.

No war – economic interdependence and nuclear deterrence
Deudney and Ikenberry, 09 — MA and PhD in Political Science, Professor, Political Science, Johns Hopkins University; PhD, Professor, International Affairs, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University (Daniel and G. John, January/February 2009, "The Myth of the Autocratic Revival: Why Liberal Democracy Will Prevail," Foreign Affairs Volume 88, Issue 1, JZG) This bleak outlook is based on an exaggeration AND primed for peace than the autocratic revivalists acknowledge.

No scenario for escalation — inevitable incentives for conflict minimization
Quinlan 9 - distinguished former British defence strategist, former Permanent Under-Secretary of State at the British Ministry of Defence, Prof. @ Wimbledon College and Merton College, Oxford. Director of the Ditchley Foundation (Sir Michael, Thinking About Nuclear Weapons: Principles, Problems, Prospects, 2009, [], JZG) It was occasionally conjectured that nuclear war AND high readiness to launch nuclear action at short notice should be abandoned. Chapter 13 returns to this.

Nuclear winter can’t be proven—their studies are politically biased
American Institute of Physics August 2011 ("Wintry Doom," August, [], JZG) Atmospheric scientists were well-placed to AND than would die directly under the bombs.)(10)

New science proves that extinction won’t occur from nuclear winter
Robock 2010 (Alan, Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, "Nuclear Winter," WIREs Climate Change, May/June, [], JZG) While it is important to point out the consequences AND consequences of nuclear winter are extreme enough without these additional effects, however.