Audrey+&+Sarthak

=Aff:=
 * Contention 1 is Natural Gas**

Ju 12 – Anne Ju (senior science writer for the Cornell Chronicle) July 17, 2012 “Study Proves Natural Gas Can Bridge the Gap to a Clean Energy Economy” [] Natural gas is a …AND… the transition.”
 * Natural gas acts as a bridge fuel—spurring broad renewable development**

Riley 12 —BA, LL.M., PhD, professor of energy law at The City Law School at City University London (Alan, 8/13/12, “Shale Gas to the Climate Rescue,” http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/14/opinion/shale-gas-to-the-climate-rescue.html, RBatra) ¶ The battle against …AND… and medium term.
 * CO2 emissions will run away in the status quo—natural gas is the only effective alternative to coal—U.S. development is modeled globally and prevents extinction**

Levi, 13 [Climate consequences of natural gas as a bridge fuelMichael Levi, David M. Rubenstein Senior Fellow for Energy and the Environment and Director of the Program on Energy Security and Climate Change, Climate Consequences of Natural Gas As a Bridge Fuel, 1/3/13 []] 5 Conclusions and discussion …AND… superior climate outcomes.
 * The plan solves warming – most recent and comprehensive study**

Lamborn, 08 [Path of wisdom: Open up Outer Continental Shelf to gas drilling, House Representative Doug Republican Colorado, []] Many years ago that great philosopher …AND… trouble on the way.”
 * OCS expansion key to solve warming – the impact is extinction**

Costello 11 –, Anthony, Institute for Global Health, University College London, Mark Maslin, Department of Geography, University College London, Hugh Montgomery, Institute for Human Health and Performance, University College London, Anne M. Johnson, Institute for Global Health, University College London, Paul Ekins, Energy Institute, University College London [“Global health and climate change: moving from denial and catastrophic fatalism to positive action” May 2011 vol. 369 no. 1942 1866-1882 Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society] Advocacy about the …AND… __making__ many __environments uninhabitable.__
 * Extinction—GHG emissions are the proximate cause**


 * Contention 2 is Leadership**

Gopinath 13 —New Delhi economist writing for Yale Global Online (Deepak, “Shale Energy No Quick Solution,” Yale Global Online, 9-3-13http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/shale-energy-no-quick-solution)BC The speed and scope of …AND… estimated global oil resources.
 * The shale boom is unsustainable—US reserves and productivity are decreasing rapidly**

Schwartzel, 13 [Erich Schwartzel, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, Expert on Fracking, visited Pappas’ Public Policy Class and was part of a round table discussion that consisted of Barry Rabe, professor at UM and others, really funny too, “U.S. report predicts rising natural gas prices in 2013-14”, []] The average price of …AND… more gas from a single location.
 * Natural gas prices will keep increasing despite flat consumption—that impacts sectors throughout the economy**

Maize, 12 [“Is Shale Gas Shallow or the Real Deal?”, Kennedy, Veteran Journalist Kennedy Maize has spent the past 40 years working as a journalist, analyst, and manager in the private sector and federal government, with over 35 years of that focused on energy and environmental topics. Over that time, he has seen myriad examples of how group think, policy fads, and bad judgment can result in colossal failures, particularly in the field of atomic energy. Maize has seen, up close and personal, the demise of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, the arrival of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the birth of the U.S. Department of Energy, the failures of nuclear flight, the hubris of atomic earthmoving, the boom and bust uranium market, the birth and death of breeder reactors, and the 60-year wandering in the wilderness of nuclear waste policy. After graduating from Penn State and graduate study at the University of Maryland, Kennedy Maize worked for newspapers in Pennsylvania, New York, and Virginia and the Associated Press in Baltimore. He then spent five years in management at the National Institute of Health and the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission before taking a job covering energy, environment, and business topics for Editorial Research Reports, a division of Congressional Quarterly, where his work appeared in over 1,000 daily newspapers in the U.S. during the mid-to-late 1970s. Maize became a staff writer and editor at The Energy Daily, a preeminent energy trade paper, on March 28, 1979, the day the Three Mile Island accident began outside Harrisburg, Pa. Over more than 10 years at The Energy Daily, he covered the nuclear and coal industries, including stories involving the Clinch River Breeder Reactor, the U.S. Synthetic Fuels Corp., the Powder River Basin coal leasing scandal, and the Chernobyl explosion. In 1993, he founded The Electricity Daily, where he was the editor for 14 years, writing about changes in the electricity business, the rise and fall of Enron, the stagnation of the nuclear power business, and the arrival of market forces in the utility field. Since 2006, he has been an editor at POWER magazine, and the founder of MANAGING POWER magazine, where he has written about the Fukushima catastrophe, the emergence of shale gas and decline of coal, and the often ill-advised push for renewable electricity technologies 12/1/12 http://www.powermag.com/gas/Is-Shale-Gas-Shallow-or-the-Real-Deal_5188.html] In an interview with POWER, …AND… __much higher than now.”__
 * The impact is price spikes**

Duesterberg, 12 [Tom is Executive Director of the Manufacturing and Society in the 21st Century program at the Aspen Institute. He recently retired as President and CEO of The Manufacturers Alliance/MAPI, an economic research and executive education organization based in Arlington, Virginia with more than 500 manufacturing firms as members. Previous positions include: Director of the Washington Office of The Hudson Institute, Assistant Secretary for International Economic Policy at the U.S. Department of Commerce, chief of staff to two members of Congress, and associate instructor at Stanford University. His commentary and analysis on manufacturing, economic performance, globalization, and related policy issues can be found in major news outlets. He holds a B.A. degree from Princeton and M. A. and Ph.D. degrees from Indiana University, “Impact of the Energy Boom on US Manufacturing”, []]
 * Robust __domestic__ production is key to __manufacturing__ growth—that’s the basis for economic recovery**

The manufacturing//sector// …AND… than the transportation sector.

Ettlinger, 11 [Michael, Vice President for Economic Policy at the Center forAmerican Progress Prior to joining the Center, he spent six years at the EconomicPolicy Institute directing the Economic Analysis and Research Network.Previously, he was tax policy director for Citizens for Tax Justice and the Instituteon Taxation and Economic Policy for 11 years. He has also served on the staff ofthe New York State Assembly. “The Importance and Promise of American Manufacturing Why It Matters if We Make It in America and Where We Stand Today”, http://www.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/issues/2011/04/pdf/manufacturing.pdf] __Manufacturing is //critically//__ …AND… __to natural disasters__.
 * Domestic manufacturing is key to overall __resilience__**

Increased Potential for Global Conflict …AND… **__more dog-eat-dog world.__**
 * Collapse leads to extinction**
 * Harris and Burrows, 9** – *counselor in the National Intelligence Council, the principal drafter of Global Trends 2025, **member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis”, Washington Quarterly, http://www.twq.com/09april/docs/09apr_burrows.pdf)

Royal 10 – Jedediah Royal, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, 2010, “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises,” in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-214 Less intuitive is how periods of …AND… and deserves more attention.
 * Our impact has a strong statistical basis**


 * the plan revitalizes the shipbuilding industry—independently solves economic collapse**
 * Mason 11 ** – Joseph Mason is a Senior Fellow at The Wharton School. He is the Louisiana State University Endowed Chair of Banking and a nationally-renowned economist. (“House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources Hearing; Fisheries, Wildlife, Oceans and Insular Affairs Legislative Hearing on H.R. 306, H.R. 588, S. 266 and H.R. 285”, April 6, 2011)
 * __Apart from national__** …AND… **__federal tax income__**.

Since the earliest days of our …AND… **__military’s capabilities for war__** .”
 * Commercial shipbuilding is key sealift—solves naval power**
 * NLUS 12 ** – Navy League of the United States. (“America’s Maritime Industry: the foundation of American seapower”, 2012, [] )

Batsford et al 11 – CDR Marc Batsford is a part of the Canadian Navy. (“Final Report: Shipbuilding Industry”, The Industrial College of the Armed Forces, [], Spring 2011) The U nited S tates is a …AND… a vital national security interest.
 * Shipbuilding is also key to naval power projection**

Cropsey 10 – Seth Cropsey is a Senior Fellow at Hudson Institute. He served as Deputy Undersecretary of the Navy during the Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush administrations. (“Ebb Tide”, September 1, 2010, [] ) Only one statement …AND… would be an invitation to calamity.
 * An effective Navy is key to hegemony**

Brooks, et al, 13 [Don't Come Home, America: The Case against Retrenchment Stephen G. Brooks (bio), [|G. John Ikenberry] (bio) and William C. Wohlforth (bio), Stephen G. Brooks; G. John Ikenberry and William C. Wohlforth STEPHEN G. BROOKS is Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College. G. JOHN IKENBERRY is Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University and Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University in Seoul. WILLIAM C. WOHLFORTH is Daniel Webster Professor of Government at Dartmouth College, [|International Security] Volume 37, Number 3, Winter 2012, p. Project Muse] Assessing the Security Benefits …AND… cooperation toward U.S. preferences.
 * Hegemony solves conflict escalation and great power war**


 * The United States federal government should increase leasing for offshore natural gas production in the Outer Continental Zone of the United States.**


 * Contention 3 is Solvency**

Lieberman 08 – senior policy analyst for Energy and Environment for the Heritage Foundation (Ben, “Listing the Offshore Drilling Ban: A Positive Step in the Fight against High Energy Prices”, The Heritage Foundation, 7/14/2008, http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2008/07/lifting-the-offshore-drilling-ban-a-positive-step-in-the-fight-against-high-energy-prices)//BD Washington must …AND… has been successful.
 * OCS restrictions must be lifted but federal action is key – Congress has to fund DOI leasing projects**

Griles 3 [Lisa, Deputy Secretary, Department of the Interior, “Energy Production on Federal Lands,” Hearing before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate] Mr. GRILES. __America’s__ public …AND… //about where to go.//
 * And, the plan creates certainty for offshore production—balances supply**

Hastings, 12 [House Representative Doc, Republican Washington, President Obama's offshore drilling plan must be replaced, http://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/energy-a-environment/239529-president-obamas-offshore-drilling-plan-must-be-replaced] __Though__ President __Obama__ …AND… //strengthen America’s economy//.
 * And, that sustains low prices and ensures adequate supply**

Hagerty 10 Curry L. (Specialist in Energy and Natural Resources Policy at the Congressional Research Service) June 15, 2010 “Outer Continental Shelf Moratoria on Oil and Gas Development” http://crs.ncseonline.org/nle/crsreports/10Jul/R41132.pdf __One legacy of congressional__ …AND… leasing prohibitions
 * Otherwise, restrictions crush predictability and timing of projects**

Paul Hillegeist et al 11 (President and COO at Quest Offshore Resources, Inc, Sean Shafer, Project Director, Andrew Jackson, Project Manager, Leslie Cook, Senior Research Consultant) December 2011 “The State of the Offshore U.S. Oil and Gas Industry” http://energytomorrow.org/images/uploads/Quest_2011_December_29_Final.pdf
 * Nearly 100 new projects are capable of development**

__If drilling permits going__ …AND…, employment and government revenue.

=Neg:= OSW #1: 1nc: states CP, HTF politics DA, Consumption K 2nr: Consumption K

OSW #2: 1nc: T-development=/=energy, China OSW DA, Ex-Im politics DA, Navy CP 2nr: China DA

Nuclear Shipping: 1nc: DoD CP + freedom of navigation NB, Security K, T-Its 2nr: Security K

Aquarius: 1nc: space tradeoff DA, Ex-Im politics DA, Security K 2nr: politics DA

Natural Gas: 1nc: Heidegger, Ex-Im politics DA, Courts CP, Russia LNG DA on case 2nr: Russia LNG DA

Seaborgs: 1nc: framework, PIC out of the cyborg metaphor, Baudrillard on case 2nr: framework