Corinne+and+Ethan

Carbon regulation is coming and CCS technology is advancing – facilitating regulated transportation infrastructure is key to jump-starting the commercial industry
Zarraby 12 - chemical engineer for the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, JD expected from GWU in 2012 Cyrus, “Note: Regulating Carbon Capture and Sequestration: A Federal Regulatory Regime to Promote the Construction of a National Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Network,” 80 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 950, Lexis Rising food prices, 1 mass migration , 2 new endangered species , … that promotes the construction of new CO<2> pipelines. 17

The entire project depends on a national network for pipeline infrastructure
IRGC 8 International Risk Governance Council, “Regulation of Carbon Capture and Storage,” http://www.irgc.org/IMG/pdf/Policy_Brief_CCS.pdf Large-scale CCS deployment // cannot proceed // until // extensive // …. organisational structure of the CCS industry.

The federal government is key
Horne 10 – JD @ U of Utah Jennifer, “Getting from Here to There: Devising an Optimal Regulatory Model for CO<2> Transport in a New Carbon Capture and Sequestration Industry,” 30 J. Land Resources & Envtl. L. 357, Lexis Siting regulations affect companies' ability …, a uniform set of requirements for access will be far more workable.

“Building Essential Infrastructure for Carbon Capture and Storage,” Report to the Global Carbon Capture and Storage Institute, http://cdn.globalccsinstitute.com/sites/default/files/publications/13361/development-carbon-capture-and-storage-infrastructure.pdf
 * Significant and immediate government investment is key **
 * Insight Economics 11 **

This has ramifications for investment in CCS infrastructure. …. model incorporating a **__ substantial contribution __** from the public sector.

Absent federal funding, companies will inevitably build point-to-point
Chrysostomidis et al. 9 – Ioannis Chrysostomidis and Paul Zakkour, Environemtal Resources Management; Mark Bohm and Eric Beynon, Suncor Energy; Renato de Filippo, Eni SpA; Arthur Lee, Chevron Corporation (“Assessing issues of financing a CO2 transportation pipeline infrastructure” Energy Procedia Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages 1625–1632, February 2009, http://www.sciencedirect.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/science/article/pii/S1876610209002148)//MR


 * __For carbon dioxide capture and geologic …. movers and do not have the same capacity utilization risk.__**

That drives up costs, delays the project, and doesn’t store enough CO2
National Grid 12 – international electricity and gas company and one of the largest investor-owned energy companies in the world (“The benefits of a clustered carbon capture and storage system over point-to-point” National Grid, 2012, [|http://www.nationalgrid.com/uk/EnergyandServices/NonRegs/CCS/ClusteringBenefits/#header)//MR]


 * __A shared pipeline system can__** …**__-to-point solutions may be too expensive.__**

Federal lands are key to accelerate deployment of CCS
Grant 9 - Physical Scientist Office of Systems, Analyses, and Planning @ DoE Tim, “Storage of Captured Carbon Dioxide Beneath Federal Lands,” Dept of Energy, http://www.netl.doe.gov/energy-analyses/pubs/Fed%20Land_403.01.02_050809.pdf

A global effort is underway to assess storage potential ….. deployment of CCS technology.

Carbon sequestration is key to averting negative economic consequences of carbon regulations
EPA 10 – US Environmental Protection Agency “Report of the Interagency Task Force on Carbon Capture and Storage,” http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/downloads/CCS-Task-Force-Report-2010.pdf While CCS can be applied to a variety of stationary sources …. recovery (EOR), and assist in the creation of new technologies for export.

Having coal as a utility option is key – any alternative drastically increases consumer energy costs
Zarraby 12 - chemical engineer for the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, JD expected from GWU in 2012 Cyrus, “Note: Regulating Carbon Capture and Sequestration: A Federal Regulatory Regime to Promote the Construction of a National Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Network,” 80 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 950, Lexis In the United States, coal-fired power ….associated with electricity generation.

This collapses all major sectors of the economy
Rose and Wei 6 - * Professor of Energy, Environmental and Regional Economics, **Graduate Assistant in the Department of Geography at the Pennsylvania State University Adam and Dan, “The Economic Impacts of Coal Utilization and Displacement in the Continental United States, 2015,” http://www.americaspower.org/sites/all/themes/americaspower/images/pdf/penn-state-study.pdf We performed our analysis with the aid of an interindustry, ….. effects throughout the U.S. economy.

Nuclear war
Harris and Burrows 9 Mathew, PhD European History @ Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer is a member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis” [] Increased Potential for Global Conflict Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and indeed …. is likely to be increasingly difficult both within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world.

Independently, the plan is a key fiscal stimulus
ACCCE 11 American Coalition for Clean Coal Energy, “American Coalition for Clean Coal Electricity,” http://www.compasscoal.com/blog/ The United States continues to ….. // benefits for every dollar // the government invests.

Domestic stimulus is key to manufacturing jobs and the economy
Buffenbarger, 11 (Tom Buffenbarger, president of the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers, 9/26/11, “Why ‘Buy America’ is integral to the jobs act”, []


 * __Without a strong “Buy America” …..__**. It **__will__** also help **__restore__** **__our__** nation’s **__economy__**.

That’s key to faster growth
Applebaum 12 - *PhD, Professor @ Rutgers, senior economist at the Center for Economic and Policy Research Eileen, 4-27, “Blame Budget Austerity for Poor GDP Growth,” http://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/economic-intelligence/2012/04/27/blame-budget-austerity-for-poor-gdp-growth As the Obama administration's …. . It // should not choose // austerity.

Slow growth erodes US leadership and causes war
Khalilzad 11 – PhD, Former Professor of Political Science @ Columbia, Former ambassador to Iraq and Afghanistan Zalmay Khalilzad was the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush and the director of policy planning at the Defense Department from 1990 to 1992. "The Economy and National Security" Feb 8 www.nationalreview.com/blogs/print/259024 Today, economic and …. in their regions.

Investment in renewables are at a 3 year low and are going to get lower – expiring subsidies and waning support
Alex Morales 4/12 /2012 – staff writer for Bloomberg.com (“Renewable-Energy Investment Plunges in Quarter to Three-Year Low,” Bloomberg, []) Global investment …. , which the research company reports on annually.

All renewables investment is pivoting to Asia – US green energy isn’t attracting investment
Nico P. Arboleda 6/26 /2012– staff writer for ecoseed.org (“Asia shift: R.E. investments look beyond U.S., E.U”, ecoseed.org, [])

Venture capital firms and other …. a Chinese company for a deal to develop solar power plants in Asia.

Clean tech leadership averts global war and is key to US power projection
Klarevas 9 – Professor of Global Affairs Louis, Professor at the Center for Global Affairs – New York University, “ [|Securing American Primacy While Tackling Climate Change: Toward a National Strategy of Greengemony] ”, Huffington Post, 12-15, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/louis-klarevas/securing-american-primacy_b_393223.html By not addressing climate change …. employed to // keep potential foes in check //**.**

CCS leads to renewed investment in renewables while streamlining the industry for long-term success
Mills 11 - *MSc in Geological Sciences @ Cambridge Robin, “Capturing Carbon: The New Weapon in the War Against Climate Change,” Google Book There is an idea that ….. are likely to be displaced by CCS.

Only CCS can bridge to clean tech while preserving the economy
Harder 10 - energy and environment reporter, National Journal Amy, “'Clean Coal' Is Essential To U.S.,” http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2010/08/how-viable-is-clean-coal.php#1616515 Clean coal technology is …. making America more competitive.

Renewables are only effective if done economically
RNLSE 10 - One of Europe's leading research laboratories in sustainable energy and is a significant player in nuclear technologies(Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, November 16, 2010, “Carbon Dioxide-Free Energy Can Meet the World’s Energy Needs in 2050, Danish Report Finds,” Science Daily, []. H ScienceDaily (Nov. 16, 2010) — Taken as a whole, energy sources … these will be made commercially available in the next decades.

CCS is a key bridge to the economic development of renewable energy – a slow transition solves

 * Hall and Kirkham 7** – natural resource attorneys with Stoel Rives LLP (Richard R. and John S., “Coal: Like It or Not, It's Here to Stay” The Enterprise Newspaper, June 4 2007, [] )//MR

Thirty years ago,. as well as improving competitiveness of alternative energy sources.

Decline of US power prompts massive transition wars culminating in extinction
Brzezinski ’12 - CSIS counselor and trustee and cochairs the CSIS Advisory Board. He is also the Robert E. Osgood Professor of American Foreign Policy at the School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, in Washington, D.C. (Zbigniew, “After America,” Foreign Policy Magazine, Jan/Feb, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/01/03/after_america) Not so long ago, a high-ranking Chinese official, …. dangerous slide into global turmoil.

Global warming is real and human induced – top climate scientists agree
Anderegg et al 10 – PhD Candidate @ Stanford in Biology William, “Expert credibility in climate change,” National Academy of Sciences, p. 12107-12109 Preliminary reviews of scientific literature and .. forums regarding anthropogenic climate change.

Warming is an existential risk – quickening reductions is key to avoiding extinction
Jeffrey Mazo, Managing Editor, Survival and Research Fellow for Environmental Security and Science Policy at the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London, 3-2010, “Climate Conflict: How global warming threatens security and what to do about it,” pg. 122 The best estimates for global warming to the .. or such climati. po.litical changes.
 * Mazo 10 **– PhD in Paleoclimatology from UCLA

Carbon sequestration is key
Joel and Buck, “Making carbon dioxide sequestration feasible: Toward federal regulation of CO2 sequestration pipelines,” Energy Policy, http://lw.com/upload/pubContent/_pdf/pub3385_1.pdf At present, approximately 50% of the United States’ …. to medium-term // impacts // from global climate change. 8
 * Mack and Endemann 10 ** - *partner in the Houston office and global Chair of the Environmental Transactional Support Practice, provides over 25 years of experience advising on the transactional, environmental and regulatory issues associated with all sectors of the oil and gas industry, power (including both fossil and renewable energy), mining and chemical industries in the United States and abroad, in addition to the development, financing and entitlements for telecommunications and other industrial and public infrastructure facilities in the United States and offshore, **JD, Faculty @ USD Law, provides comprehensive environmental counseling on energy and infrastructure projects, and represents clients in related litigation

CCS solves and immediate action is necessary
James, “SENATE ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC WORKS COMMITTEE,” http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Files.View&FileStore_id=96b0a903-32fc-47f8-9a36-b4ddd9805e2b Carbon capture and storage ( CCS ) for coal-….// great deal // more attention and resources.
 * Rogers 7 ** - *CEO of Duke Energy

Unmitigated carbon emissions cause extinction **.**

 * Romm 12** – Joe Romm is a Fellow at American Progress and is the editor of Climate Progress, “Science: Ocean Acidifying So Fast It Threatens Humanity’s Ability to Feed Itself,” 3/2/2012, http://thinkprogress.org/romm/2012/03/02/436193/science-ocean-acidifying-so-fast-it-threatens-humanity-ability-to-feed-itself/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+climateprogre

The world’s oceans ….and some plankton need for reef and shell-building.

CCS is a critical bridge to a broader portfolio of sustainable energy
Sarah, CCS Guidelines: Guidelines for Carbon Dioxide Capture, Transport, and Storage, World Resources Institute, http://pdf.wri.org/ccs_guidelines.pdf Scenarios for stabilizing climate-forcing emissions suggest …. systems should be greatly enhanced.
 * Forbes et al 8 ** - senior associate at the World Resources Institute, former member of the National Energy Technology Laboratory

Only the plan is modeled – China, India, Brazil, and other countries won’t cut emissions unless they can avoid economic cost
Jay, “Incentives for Near-Term Carbon Dioxide Geological Sequestration,” Carnegie Mellon, http://wpweb2.tepper.cmu.edu/ceic/pdfs_other/Incentives_for_Near-Term_Carbon_Dioxide_Geological_Sequestration.pdf The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ….. the 2005 U.S. economy are shown in figure 28 below.
 * Apt et al 7 ** – PhD in Physics @ MIT, Professor of Technology, Tepper School of Business and Engineering and Public Policy

=Negative=

Past 2NRs
Cap K T-Pipelines Virilio K States CP and Jackson-Vanik CO2 Ag DA and Sunshades CP Restoring America's Future CP UNCLOS CP (Title XI)