ACHM+Katie+Arielle

Katie (2A) - mangofrog7@gmail.com Arielle (2N) - ariellelevin21@gmail.com toc

= = =1AC =


 * The United States federal government should substantially increase its bilateral economic assistance for human trafficking response towards Mexico. **

=The Advantage =

**GARZA 2011** (Rocio, Candidate for Juris Doctor, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, May 2011; A.B. (2005) Harvard University, CARDOZO J. OF INT’L & COMP. LAW, March, www.cjicl.com/uploads/2/9/5/9/2959791/cjicl_19.2_garza_note.pdf‎) On any given day,. . . . through a bilateral partnership.
 * Currently, untold numbers of Mexican men, women, and children are being unfairly imprisoned by human traffickers along the border—US-Mexico partnership is critical **

**Todres ’09** (Jonathan, Professor of Law at Georgia State University, “Law, Otherness, and Human Trafficking”, July 2009, Accessed via Project MUSE, [SG]) The recent surge. . . . the Other can be exploited.
 * Trafficking operates through a dominant conception of Otherness that sees victims as unimportant, which perpetuates exploitation. Only through rejecting this understanding can we open up space for effective politics that combat this violence **

**Crouse ’07** (Janice, PhD, Senior Fellow at the Beverly LaHaye Institute, the think tank for Concerned Women for America, “Sex Trafficking Victims: Disposable or Human”, July 12, 2007, [], [SG]) We have all. . . . are possible for all citizens.
 * Victims of trafficking experience horrific forms of dehumanization- we must reject this violence **

**Berube, 97** (David, professor of speech communication, Nanotechnology Magazine, June/July 1997, http://www.cla.sc.edu/ENGL/faculty/berube/prolong.htm) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Assuming we are. . . . most powerful weapon.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Dehumanization is a prior question – it causes other forms of violence **

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">**Ditmore, Maternick, and Zapert ’12** (Melissa, Anna, and Katherine, all are research consultants to the Sex Workers Project of the Urban Justice Center, “The Road North: The role of gender, poverty and violence in trafficking from Mexico to the US”, August 2012, pg. 22-25 http://www.ccasa.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/The-Road-North-The-role-of-gender-poverty-and-violence-in-trafficking-from-Mexico-to-the-US.pdf, [SG]) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Violence against women. . . . a hold over the victim (Castro Soto et al. 2004).
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Sex trafficking embodies a patriarchal form of domination that perpetuates the belief that women should be silent while they suffer **

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">**Hudson et al. 8** [Valerie M. Hudson, Professor of Political Science at Brigham Young University, Mary Caprioli is Professor of Political Science at the University of Minnesota–Duluth. Bonnie Ballif-Spanvill is Professor of Psychology and Director of the Womyn’s Research Institute at Brigham Young University. Rose McDermott is Professor of Political Science at Brown University. Chad F. Emmett is Professor of Geography at Brigham Young University, “The Heart of the Matter: The Security of Womyn and the Security of States,” International Security Volume 33, Number 3, Winter 2008/08, Muse.] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Theories of political. . . . . gender inequality.[|48] But is that possible?
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Patriarchy is the underlying system that allows extinction **

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">**HRW, 02** (Human Rights Watch, “Trafficking of Migrant Women for Forced Prostitution into Greece”, 2002 – no date given, last ate cited, []) KD <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">All governments have. . . . including third country resettlement.[| (10)]
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">And there is a government obligation -- inaction is complicit **

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">**Tahmasebi 10** Victoria, assistant professor in women's studies/humanities at the University of Toronto Scarborough, “Does Levinas justify or transcend liberalism? Levinas on human Liberation”, Philosophy Social Criticism June 2010 vol. 36 no. 5 KD <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The liberal readings of. . . . between ethics and politics.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Integration of ethics into politics is key to prevent totalitarianism **

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">**Garza 11** Candidate for Juris Doctor, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, AB from Harvard (Rocio, 11/1/11, "Addressing Human Trafficking Along the United States-Mexico Border: The Need for a Bilateral Partnership," [])//AM <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Victims on both sides. . . . of engaging in human trafficking.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">A US-Mexico partnership reduces human trafficking and send a signal to get others on board **

=<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Impact Framing =

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">**Hintjens 7**[Helen Hintjens is Lecturer in the Centre for Development Studies, University of Wales, “MDF Understanding Development Better”] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">From Johan Galtung, famous. . . . neither natural nor inevitable”, p. 301 (Prontzos).
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Structural violence outweighs all of your magnitude claims **

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">**Sunstein, 2** Distinguished Service Professor, University of Chicago, Law School and Department of Political Science (Cass R. Sunstein, 9/23/2, “Probability Neglect: Emotions, Worst Cases, and Law”, http://www.yalelawjournal.org/pdf/112-1/SunsteinFINAL.pdf)EM <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> How should we understand human. . . . are not, to the issue of probability.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Be skeptical of impacts that are not certain – probability neglect creates serial policy failure **

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">**Cuomo 96** – PhD, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Philosophy, University of Cincinnati (Chris, Hypatia Fall 1996. Vol. 11, Issue 3, pg 30) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">In "Gender and `Postmodern' War,". . . . . of war and militarism.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">That means you should ignore calls to the “crisis” – attention to isolated instances of warfare ignores the daily horrors of structural violence. This is the precondition for any war to happen **

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">**FONT AND RÉGIS 2006** (Joan Pere Plaza i Font UAB – Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona – Spain Dandoy Régis UCL – University of Louvain – Belgium “Chaos Theory and its Application in Political Science” IPSA – AISP Congress Fukuoka, 9 – 13 July 2006 http://www.sciencespo.site.ulb.ac.be/dossiers_membres/dandoy-regis/fichiers/dandoy-regis-publication18.pdf) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Betts (2000) observed a useful. . . . . deterministic mathematical system is possible.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">It is impossible to predict these impacts anyway – war is based in chaos theory **

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">**Peterson and Runyan ‘99**(V. Spike and Anne professor of political science at the University of Arizona and professor of women’s studies at Wright State University, “Global Gender Issues”, 2nd edition, p. 14-15, accessed via JSTORE, [SG]) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Gender issues surface. . . . . hierarchies at work in the world.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">International Relations theory will always fail without considering gender **

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">David Halloran **Lumsdaine**, Yale assistant professor of political science, 19**93** (Moral Vision in International Politics, pg. 273) [|http://books.google.com/books id=cjb7KKZnmY4C&pg=PA273&lpg=PA273&dq=22Nations+are+faced+by+a+need+to+anticipate+a+future+that+is+filled+with+uncertainty.+Even+the+possible+contingencies+and+courses+of+action+are+unknown;+knowing+the+probabilities+of+various%22&source=bl&ots=CrA56fIJaz&sig=_Vz8-gksJL3c2AsLrn3j-RxhV_4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=pAP3UdemLo74qAHu04CQAQ&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Nations%20are%20faced%20by%20a%20need%20to%20anticipate%20a%20future%20that%20is%20filled%20with%20uncertainty.%20Even%20the%20possible%20contingencies%20and%20courses%20of%20action%20are%20unknown%3B%20knowing%20the%20probabilities%20of%20various%22&f=false] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Nations are faced by. . . . society’s ethical traditions.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">That means policies should default to ethical obligations **

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">**Dragiewicz ’0**8(Molly, Professor of Feminist Studies at the University of Illinois, “Teaching about Trafficking: Opportunities and Challenges for Critical Engagement”, University of Illinois Press, Feminist Teach// vol. 18 no. 3, pgs. 2-3, accessed via JSTORE, [SG]) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Teachers and students. . . . the major divides as I see them. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">We do not endorse any gendered language in the cards above.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The plan spills over – shapes ALL trafficking policy **

=<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Neg Strategies =

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">T-Can't be Conditional <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">T-EE ≠ Counter-Narcotics <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">PTX <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">China DA <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Venezuela CP <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">PTX <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">China DA
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Round 2 vs. Hybrid KK (Venezuela Ports) **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">1NC **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Block **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">2NR - China DA **

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">T-Structural Linkage <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">PTX <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Canada CP - Sino-Japan War NB <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Geography K <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Canada CP <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">PTX
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Round 4 vs. AS CC (Border Infrastructure) **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">1NC **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Block **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">2NR - Canada CP and PTX **