Audrey+and+Edward

Edward - edwardcdy (at&^*%) .....gmail ......(dot&^*%)......... com Audrey - audrey.hopewell (at&^*%) .........gmail.... (dot&^*%) ...........com

=**AFF**=

**Plan Text:**

 * The United States federal government should authorize companies to provide services for the development of Cuban offshore oil resources.**

**Environment:**
Defending...Cuba.
 * Cuban attempts at offshore drilling are inevitable – only a rapid U.S. response can prevent spills**
 * Bert and Clayton 12** ** – ** Melissa, 2011-12 Military Fellow, U.S. Coast Guard, and Blake, Fellow for Energy and National Security (“Addressing the Risk of a Cuban Oil Spill,” March, [] )//SEP//


 * Status quo efforts are insufficient to stop an oil spill – general and pre-approved licenses are needed to solve**


 * CDA, 12** **–** Center for Democracy in the Americas, nonprofit devoted to changing American policy towards the countries of the Americas (“Not Like Oil and Water: Cuba and the U.S. Can Cooperate on Drilling,”http://cubacentral.wordpress.com/2012/09/07/not-like-oil-and-water-cuba-and-the-us-can-cooperate-on-drilling/)SEP

The...spill.


 * Alternative methods of spill containment fail in Cuban waters – only U.S. techniques solve**

Washington...ineffective.
 * Bert and Clayton, 12**** – ** Melissa, 2011-12 Military Fellow, U.S. Coast Guard, and Blake, Fellow for Energy and National Security (“Addressing the Risk of a Cuban Oil Spill,” March, [] )//SEP//


 * Oil spills are very likely without advanced U.S. drilling technology – which no country can use under the embargo**

But...embargo.
 * Davenport, 11** **(**Coral, National Journal, “Drill, Bebe, Drill,” 7/28, http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/will-sloppy-drilling-off-the-coast-of-cuba-threaten-florida-gulf-beaches--20110728)SEP


 * Environmental risk is immediate – once first drill bit hits the seabed**

An...beyond.
 * CDA, 11** - Center for Democracy in the Americas, nonprofit devoted to changing American policy towards the countries of the Americas, (9/9, “Cuba Drilling and U.S. Policy,” http://democracyinamericas.org/pdfs/Cuba_Drilling_and_US_Policy.pdf) //AK//


 * Cuban oil spill devastates Florida’s ecosystem without U.S. intervention**


 * Stephens and Colvin, 11**** – ** Sarah, Executive Director of the Center for Democracy in the America, and Jake, VP for Global Trade Issues at the National Foreign Trade Council

(“US-Cuba policy, and the race for oil drilling,” 9/29, [] )SEP To...Cuba.


 * Oil spill casts the final blow to Florida’s coral reefs– even a few days delay would be catastrophic**


 * Thompson, 11-** Freelance writer focused on science, environmental, and outdoor stories

(Kaylee, “ What if Cuba’s Offshore Oil Project, Only 100 Miles From Florida, Goes Wrong?”, Popular Mechanics, November 2, 2011, [|http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/energy/coal-oil-gas/what-if-cubas-offshore-oil-project-only-100-miles-from-florida-goes-wrong)//TWR] Cuba's...waters.

Prior...advance.
 * Cuban oil drilling threatens the most biodiverse area in the region—ONLY lifting sanctions can prevent and contain a spill**
 * Almeida, 12** http://gcaptain.com/drilling-cuba-embargo-badly/?46322 Drilling Off Cuba, and How the Embargo Could be Very Costly for the US BY ROB ALMEIDA ON MAY 18, 2012//JH//


 * Cuba is a bio-diversity hotspot**

Situated...region.
 * Whittle 12** - Environmental Law Proffessor at Wake Forest University, B.A from Colarodo Unviersity (Daniel J. Whittle, “Bridging the Gulf Finding Common Ground on Environmental and Safety Preparedness for Offshore Oil and Gas in Cuba”, 2012, [], JL)


 * Destruction of biodiversity hotspots leads to extinction**


 * Nautiyal & Nidamanuri, 10**** – ** Sunil, Centre for Ecological Economics and Natural Resources at Institute for Social and Economic Change, and Rama Rao, Department of Earth and Space Sciences at Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology

(“Conserving Biodiversity in Protected Area of Biodiversity Hotspot in India: A Case Study,” International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 36 (2-3): 195-200, 2010) The...study.


 * Biodiversity loss guarantees multiple scenarios for extinction**

So...whimper.
 * Takacs, 96** -Environmental Humanities Professor at CSU Monterey Bay (David, “The Idea of Biodiversity: Philosophies of Paradise” pg. 200-01)IK

// Through...manner. //
 * Drilling cooperation establishes a platform for U.S. environmental leadership and legitimacy in Latin America**
 * Conell, 09** - Research Associate at the Council on Hemispheric Affairs (Christina, “The U.S. and Cuba: Destined to be an Environmental Duo?” 6/12/2009, [])//ER//

//**Environmental leadership key to hegemony—collapse inevitable absent cooperation**//

//**Walter, 02** - chief economist of [|Deutsche Bank] (Norbert, “An American Abdication”, 8/28/2002, [|http://www.nytimes.com/2002/08/28/opinion/an-american-abdication.html]) //VS At...planet.


 * US primacy prevents global conflict – diminishing power creates a vacuum that causes transition wars in multiple places**

A...war.
 * Brooks et al 13** [Stephen G. Brooks is Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College.G. John Ikenberry is the Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University in the Department of Politics and the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs. He is also a Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University.William C. Wohlforth is the Daniel Webster Professor in the Department of Government at Dartmouth College. “Don't Come Home, America: The Case against Retrenchment”, Winter 2013, Vol. 37, No. 3, Pages 7-51,http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/ISEC_a_00107, GDI File]

**Relations:**
Relations...Cuba.
 * Now is key – China is shoring up influence in Cuba**
 * Boston Globe, 2/9** (“Cuba’s reforms pave way for new US policy, too”, 2013, http://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/editorials/2013/02/09/cuba-reform-create-opportunity-drag-policy-into-century/xER2NTTXGsxdLej0miHwFM/story.html)


 * Cooperative drilling is critical for relations – energy has strategic significance for both countries**

The...concluded.
 * Grogg, 12** – IPS (Patricia, citing Luiz Rene Fernandez, Senior Research and Professor at University of Havana in International Economics, “Cuba: Oil Drilling Opens Up New Possibilities”, 2/16, [] )//SEP//


 * Cooperative drilling boosts U.S. stature and influence in Latin America and prevents Chinese incursion**


 * Benjamin-Alvadaro, 6 –** **Professor of Political Science at University of Nebraska at Omaha**

Given...involved.
 * (** Jonathan, Report for the Cuban Research Institute, “The Current Status and Future Prospects for Oil Exploration in Cuba: A Special,” http://cri.fiu.edu/research/commissioned-reports/oil-cuba-alvarado.pdf)


 * Chinese influence in Latin America causes Taiwan war**

Taiwan...force.
 * Fergusson, 12**** – ** Researcher at Royal Society for the Arts, Master of Science, China in the International Arena, University of Glasgow ** ( ** Robert, “The Chinese Challenge to the Monroe Doctrine,” http://www.e-ir.info/2012/07/23/does-chinese-growth-in-latin-america-threaten-american-interests/)


 * Taiwan is uniquely likely to escalate to nuclear war – risk of miscommunication and misunderstanding is high**

Taiwan...devastating.
 * Lowther, 3/16** (William, Taipei Times, citing a report by the Center for Strategic and International Studies, “Taiwan could spark nuclear war: report,” [] )

**Solvency:**
// Cuba...elsewhere. //
 * Cuba welcomes U.S. investment in oil development**
 * CDA, 11** **–** Center for Democracy in the Americas, nonprofit devoted to changing U.S. policy towards the countries of the Americas, (“As Cuba plans to drill in the Gulf of Mexico, U.S. policy poses needless risks to our national interest,” http://democracyinamericas.org/pdfs/Cuba_Drilling_and_US_Policy.pdf)//AK//

//**US oil investment solves—ensures effective drilling and increased influence**//

//**Huddleston* and Pascaul**, 9 ** *visiting fellow at Brookings and co-director of the Brookings Project on U.S. Policy Toward a Cuba in Transition deputy assistant secretary of defense for Africa at the Department of Defense **US ambassador to Mexico former president and director of Foreign Policy at Brookings (Vicki Huddleston and Carlos Pascual, April 2009 “CUBA: A New policy of Critical and Constructive Engagement” [|http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/reports/2009/4/cuba/0413_cuba.pdf)//KY] // //Licensing...gas.//

Wagner 11 - works in the office of economic policy and analysis @ EDF Gernot, “But Will the Planet Notice? How Smart Economics Can Save the World.” Hill and Wang Press, p. 11-12 The ... cliff.
 * Economics is a necessary tool to avert extinction**

//**Oil prices are low – declining demand**// //**Jacob 7/26** /13 – Wall Street Journal (Sarah, “Oil Prices Fall as Traders Lock in Gains”, [], RSpec) // //Crude…note.//

//**Drilling in the status quo**// //**Omstad 09** senior international affairs and diplomacy author for US News. (Thomas Omestad, 4/1/2009, “Cuba's Hopes for Major Oil Discoveries”, U.S. News & World Report Pg. 50 Vol. 146 No. 3) //KY The…protection.

__“Neoliberalism'sadjustment.__
 * Neoliberalism is an inevitable system—it thrives on crisis and reinterpretation—current and future crises will not overcome it**
 * Peck et. al 10**, Professor of geography at the University of British Columbia 10 (Jamie, Nik Theodore, Neil Brenner, “Postneoliberalism and its Malcontents”, Antipode 41, January 2010, Wiley Online)//AS

__Other…__ Brazil.26
 * Many countries have oil lease agreements with Cuba**
 * Rerurkar & Sullivan, 11** - Neelesh, Specialist in Energy Policy, and Mark, Specialist in Latin American Affairs (Congressional Research Service, November 28, [|http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41522.pdf] [|)//SEP]

=**NEG**=

Past 2NRs

vs Mex Renewables Spending Politics Case

vs Terror list kritikal vers Framework

vs Terror list policy vers Neolib K

vs Terror list kritikal vers Politics Util good

Camp tournament round 1 vs Cuba Oil China CP Politics Case (china SOI turn)