AJ+&+Sam

__First is declining infrastructure __ --- it … the __foundation__ of the U.S. economy
Donohue, 11  --- president and chief executive officer of the US Chamber of Commerce (9/8/2011, Thomas J., Christian Science Monitor, “The highway to jobs - via better infrastructure,” Factiva, JMP) As Obama and Congress talk … to the challenge, we are.

This negatively influences the __entire … economy__ --- prevents a __resilient__ supply chain
Little, 11  --- Director, Keston Institute for Public Finance and Infrastructure Policy (4/5/2011, Richard, “Infrastructure Investment and U.S. Competitiveness,” [] , JMP) __The massive network ____ of seaports, … economic decline and its consequences. __

Confidence is … __doesn’t drive up the deficit__
Skidelsky & Martin, 11 --- *Emeritus Professor of Political Economy at the University of Warwick, AND **macroeconomist and bond investor (3/30/2011, Robert Skidelsky and Felix Martin, New York Review of Books, “For a National Investment Bank,” <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">[] <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">, JMP) <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">But could a National Investment Bank … <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">and other long-term investors.

<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">The economy won’t recover quickly or sufficiently enough on its own --- A national bank will stimulate the economy and boost jobs
<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Skidelsky & Martin, 11 <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">--- *Emeritus Professor of Political Economy at the University of Warwick, AND **macroeconomist and bond investor <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">(3/30/2011, Robert Skidelsky and Felix Martin, New York Review of Books, “For a National Investment Bank,” <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">[] <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">, JMP) <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">President <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">Obama <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;"> is in a bind. … <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">bring to the //broader economy//<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">.

<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">Studies prove the plan is a … __uniquely beneficial__ form of stimulus
<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Tyson, 11 <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;"> --- Chan Chair in Global Management at UC Berkeley's Haas School of Business (Laura D., “A Better Stimulus Plan for the U.S. Economy,” <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">[] <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">, JMP) <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">Although stimulus spending is a politically … come to make it happen.

<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">This is triggering a major economic crisis --- outweighs the deficit and is best solved by the plan
<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Tyson, 11 <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;"> --- professor at the Haas School of Business at Cal Berkeley and former chair of the Council of Economic Advisers and the head of the National Economic Council under President Clinton (8/18/2011, Laura D’Andrea Tyson, “What it will take for President Obama and big business to bring back American jobs,” <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">[] <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">, JMP) <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">The //immediate crisis//<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;"> confronting the U.S. … <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">of Americans who need a job.

<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">Economic decline triggers worldwide conflict
====<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">Royal, 10 <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;"> – Jedediah Royal, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, (Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises, Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215) ==== <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">Less intuitive is how <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">periods … <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">considered ancillary to those views.

<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">Independently, slow growth makes the US uncooperative and desperate – leads to hegemonic wars

 * <span style="color: #222222; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">Goldstein 7 **<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;"> - Professor of Global Politics … <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">prior to the possible crossover __<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">. __<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">19 pg. 647-650

<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">Growth eliminates the only rational incentives for war
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">Almost as informative as the …, that __<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">war becomes a durable anachronism. __
 * <span style="color: #222222; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">Gartzke 11 **<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;"> – associate Professor of political science at the University of California, San Diego PhD from Iowa and B.A. from UCSF Erik, "SECURITY IN AN INSECURE WORLD" <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">www.cato-unbound.org/2011/02/09/erik-gartzke/security-in-an-insecure-world/

<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">The plan will revive confidence in demand and spur a self-sustaining private sector recovery
<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Skidelsky & Martin, 11 <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">--- *Emeritus Professor of Political Economy at the University of Warwick, AND **macroeconomist and bond investor <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">(3/30/2011, Robert Skidelsky and Felix Martin, New York Review of Books, “For a National Investment Bank,” <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">[] <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">, JMP) <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">Such are the principles of our proposal, but what about the practicalities? Could a National Investment Bank operate on a scale that would make a material difference to aggregate demand and employment? And how would the bank operate in practice? <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">A useful example of the … a //self-sustaining private sector recovery//<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">.

__<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">Transportation infrastructure investment __<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;"> is key --- … spurs critical public-private partnerships.
<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Tyson, 11 <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;"> --- professor at the Haas School of Business at UC Berkeley (6/3/2011, Laura D’Andrea Tyson, NYT Blogs, “The Virtues of Investing in Transportation; Economix,” Factiva, JMP) __<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">Years of underinvesting in ____<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;"> the … returns on scarce investment dollars. __

<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">Will … __immediately__ boost employment and growth
<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Zakaria, 11 <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;"> (6/13/2011, Fareed, “Zakaria: U.S. needs an infrastructure bank,” <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">[] <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">, JMP) <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">President Obama has proposed a number … the biggest payoff of all.

<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">The steel industry is growing … are vital to maintain momentum
<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Brooks, 12 <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;"> – Foundry Management & Technology Editor-in-chief at IndustryWeek (Robert Brooks, “Domestic Steelmakers are Strong, But Concerned”, IndustryWeek, 4/12/12, <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">[] <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;"> | AK) <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">The U.S. steel industry is bullish … <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">for steelmakers and other manufacturers.

<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">Now is key – focusing on __…__ key to the industry’s survival
<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">King, 12 <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;"> – political writer for the Wheeling News-Register and the Intelligencer (Joselyn King, “’Future Of Steel’ Topic In D.C”, Wheeling News-Register, 3/25/12, <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">[] <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;"> | AK) <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">WHEELING - <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">Congress must take action … our **steel** and manufacturing sectors <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">."

<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">The 2009 ARRA was __insufficient__ – establishing a … national infrastructure bank is __crucial__
<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Robertson, 10 <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;"> – Pittsburgh Bureau chief at American Metal Market (Scott Robertson, “Obama infrastructure plan a first step, but short of needs: steel”, American Metal Market, 9/10/10, General OneFile | AK) <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">PITTSBURGH -- <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">Steel industry players said … (success and growth of) the economy. <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">"

<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">The highway reauthorization bill wasn’t … – a __substantial__ new investment is vital
<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">STI, 12 <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;"> – is an English language journal. It contains a digest of global news, events, statistics, and stockholding news, as well as more detailed technical articles, company and country profiles, conference reports and regular regional economic briefings. The target readership are managers and CEOs in the steel industry, but it is also widely read by stockholders, members of research organizations, technical consultants and business consultants, citing Timothy J. Considine, Ph.D. and Professor of Economics at the University of Wyoming, John P. Surma, Chairman and CEO of the United States Steel Corp., and Thomas J. Gibson, President and CEO of the American Iron and Steel Institute (Steel Times International, “American Iron and Steel Institute calls for further Government intervention”, STI, May/June 2012, <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">[] <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;"> | AK)

<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">THE American Iron and Steel … <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">and drive the economic recovery <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">.”

<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">A national infrastructure bank is __<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">… __ <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">stimulate steel and manufacturing demand <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Danjczek et al., 11 <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;"> – President of the Steel Manufacturers Association (Thomas A. Danjczek, “2011 — 2012 PUBLIC POLICY STATEMENT STEEL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION”, Steel Manufacturers Assocation, 2011-2012, <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">[] <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;"> | AK) <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">The Need for Infrastructure Investment … <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">the approval of key projects <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">.

__<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">First, the economy __<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;"> – the steel … industry’s vital to __all sectors__
<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Considine, 12 <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;"> – is an SER Professor of Economics in the Department of Economics and Finance. He received his Ph.D. from Purdue University. His research on petroleum market analysis has been published in the top economics journals. Recently, The Cato Institute published his paper exploring management policy issues facing the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve, and the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve currently uses his econometric model of world crude oil markets to estimate the market impacts of various management policies. Dr. Considine also worked as an economist at Bank of America, and as the lead analyst for natural gas deregulation on the U.S. Congressional Budget Office (Timothy J. Considine, “Economic Impacts of the American Steel Industry”, Legacy Steel, March 2012, <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">[] <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;"> | AK) <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">This study estimates the contributions … **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">effect ** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">, supports more than 1,022,009 jobs <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">.

__<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">Second, hegemony __<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;"> – a strong steel industry … internal link to military primacy
<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">AISI, 7 <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;"> – serves as the voice of the North American steel industry in the public policy arena and advances the case for steel in the marketplace as the preferred material of choice. AISI also plays a lead role in the development and application of new steels and steelmaking technology (American Iron and Steel Institute, “STEEL AND THE NATIONAL DEFENSE”, AISI, January 2007, <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">[] <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;"> | AK) <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">The U.S. carbon/alloy and specialty <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">… <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">these criteria on a consistent basis.

<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">Heg prevents global nuclear war

 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">Barnett, 11 **<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> [Thomas Barnett, //Chief analyst …// __deaths from state-based conflicts.__

<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">A national bank devoted just to transportation will revitalize U.S. infrastructure --- it will be easy on the budget and politically palatable
<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Lovaa, 11 <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;"> --- Federal Transportation Policy Director for NRDC (6/28/2011, Deron, “An Infrastructure Bank for Transportation,” <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">[] <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">, JMP) <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">Another creative funding idea that’s … __<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">vastly improve the status quo. __

<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">Federal action is superior --- better evaluation, finance, and reduced borrowing costs
<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Thomasson, 11 <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">--- Director of Public Policy, Progressive Policy Institute (10/12/2011, Scott, Congressional Documents and Publications, House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Highways and Transit Hearing - "National Infrastructure Bank: More Bureaucracy and More Red Tape," Factiva) // NK <span style="color: #222222; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">Myth #6: We don't need a national … <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">state banks is //entirely misplaced//<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">.

__<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">National bank __<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;"> is key to … investors --- facilitates public-private partnerships
<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Puentes, 12 <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;"> --- Senior Fellow, Metropolitan Policy Program at Brookings (7/16/2012, Robert, “What Would an Infrastructure Bank Really Do?” <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">[] <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">, JMP)

<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">Third is that <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">the establishment … the public-private partnership market.

<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">Federal action key to ensure … resources for __large-scale__ projects
<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">McConaghy & Kessler, 11 <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;"> --- * Director of the Third Way Economic Program, AND **Vice President for Policy at Third Way (January 2011, Ryan McConaghy and Jim Kessler, “A National Infrastructure Bank,” <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">[] <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">, JMP) <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">America’s economic future will hinge … **__<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">to make enduring infrastructure investments. __**