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__Here is our policy aff__ AUVs

***Contention one is Ocean Drones***
====Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) development is inevitable, but Congress has to act promptly to authorize, appropriate and coordinate a comprehensive national program for it to work—that spurs P3s which streamline production and overcome previous barriers==== The AUV's evolution is taking place at an amazing rate of change. At the AND . A new public-private partnership is the key to such success.
 * FIND 14** – Federal information and news dispatch (FIND, "House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation Hearing", federal press release, http://insurancenewsnet.com/oarticle/2014/02/07/house-transportation-and-infrastructure-subcommittee-on-coast-guard-and-maritime-a-457472.html#.U6xpufmICQo, HW)

Only U.S. federal investment can catalyze private sector tech and R&D development
Frontiers in the Ocean Jim Cameron is a visionary who is capable of looking beyond AND that U.S. ocean science research will have around the globe.
 * Avery, 13**—President and Director Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, June 11 2013 [Dr. Susan K., Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Published June 11 2013, http://www.whoi.edu/page.do?pid=8915&tid=3622&cid=171149] JB

Federal support is the seed for commercial spillover and widespread deployment
Huge dividends from initial federal support To Ewing, the watery part of the ocean AND the seed for innovation and continues to enlarge the realm of the possible.
 * Avery, 14**— Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution President and Director, April 29 2014 [Susan K. Avery, April 29, 2014, "Driving Innovations through Federal Investments" United States Senate Committee on Appropriations Written Testimony, http://www.appropriations.senate.gov/sites/default/files/hearings/Woods%20Hole%20Oceanographic%20Institution%20-%20OWT.pdf] JB

Current ocean exploration is woefully inadequate in climate data collection—AUVs are the key first step
McNutt, 13—Marcia, Executive Chair of Oceans 2020, a group of more than 110 ocean explorers gathered at the Aquarium of the Pacific in Long Beach, California, "Accelerating Ocean Exploration" SCIENCE 341:937 (30 August 2013). Reprinted with permission from AAAS in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, "The Report of Ocean Exploration Exploration 2020; A National Program," July, http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/oceanexploration2020/oe2020_report.pdf. Page 13-14 //BR Last month, a distinguished group of ocean researchers and explorers convened in Long Beach AND needs to happen now to provide a useful informational baseline for future decisions.

Specifically, AUVs are key to cold vent monitoring
Furlong 13 – Masters student, University of Victoria (Jonathan, "Characteristic Morphology, Backscatter, and Sub-seafloor Structures of Cold-Vents on the Northern Cascadia Margin from High-Resolution Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Data" UMI Dissertations Publishing. ProQuest) In this chapter I discuss visible surface features of cold vents and attempt to explain AND the examination of discrete cold vent communities to be extended into the subsurface.

Methane seepage from cold vents trigger immediate climate tipping events that cause extinction
Furlong 13 – Masters student, University of Victoria (Jonathan, "Characteristic Morphology, Backscatter, and Sub-seafloor Structures of Cold-Vents on the Northern Cascadia Margin from High-Resolution Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Data" UMI Dissertations Publishing. ProQuest) The co-deposition of organic carbon with inorganic seafloor sediments is considered to remove AND 2008) or sourced from the continent (Etiope et al., 2008).

AUVs are a pre-requisite to effective environmental policy—in-situ processing radically reframes our understanding of key environmental dynamics

 * NRC '96**

[National Research Council. "Undersea Vehicles and National Needs". Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1996, http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=5069&page=55] While scientists have been studying oceanic communities for more than a century, the perspective AND time series changes that take place over periods of months or years.2

AUVs are key to understanding and mitigating several other huge environmental threats—oil spills, coral reefs and biodiversity loss
Sampling and persistent monitoring of undersea habitats provide baseline information and important data characterizing change AND the southeast where other deep coral reef ecosystems are known to exist. n
 * Bluefin robotics, 12**—AUV Technology Company, September 2012 [Bluefin robotics is a Battelle company who develops, builds, and operates Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) and related technologies for defense, commercial, and scientific customers worldwide, http://www.bluefinrobotics.com/assets/Papers/Glider-Observations-Support-Plankton-Population-Characterization-Sea-Technology-Sept-2012.pdf, accessed 26 June 2014] JB

Species diversity loss causes global extinction – we're at the tipping point – crossing the threshold in the next 10 years makes it irreversible
The story of non-human life on the planet Earth over the past few AND forgive us. We're losing nature. And that loss really is forever.
 * Walsh, 10**—Bryan, Senior Writer at Time Magazine specializing in Energy and the Environment, "Wildlife: A Global Convention on Biodiversity Opens in Japan, But Can It Make a Difference?" Ecocentric Blog @ TIME, 10-18, http://ecocentric.blogs.time.com/2010/10/18/wildlife-a-global-convention-on-biodiversity-opens-in-japan-but-can-it-make-a-difference/#ixzz131wU6CSp. //BR

Environmental destruction is the greatest threat to human survival—several scenarios

 * Coyne and Hoekstra 7** – *professor in the Department of Ecology and Evolution at the University of Chicago, **Associate Professor in the Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University (Jerry and Hopi, The New Republic, "The Greatest Dying," 9/24, http://www.truthout.org/article/jerry-coyne-and-hopi-e-hoekstra-the-greatest-dying)**
 * But it isn't just the destruction of the rainforests that should trouble us.Healthy**
 * AND**
 * just another Great Dying, but perhaps the greatest dying of them all.**

Defer Aff—coral reef and ocean ecosystem collapse is an invisible threshold for extinction—it also flips all of their environment Ks
Watston, 2K—**founder Sea Shepherd conservation Society. Founding Director Greenpeace, MA Environmentalist[Paul, "The Politics of Extinction," http://www.eco-action.org/dt/beerswil.html] Individual humans are for the most part insulated from the reality of species loss. AND and with it the horrendous and mind numbing specter of massive human destruction.

***Contention Three is Rare Earth Minerals**
====Rare Earth Minerals (REMs) depleting now and risks global economic collapse– AUVs accesses new supplies which are key for the aerospace industry and high tech manufacturing and allow us to beat out China==== After a year of falling prices and depleting customer inventories, buyers of Rare Earth AND with subsea robot mining tools built by technology partners like Soil Machine Dynamics.
 * Green, Senior Editor-in-Chief at Robotics Business Review, 14** (Tom, 5-12-14, Robotics Business Review, "Deep Sea Dive for Rare Earth Elements", http://www.roboticsbusinessreview.com/article/deep_sea_dive_for_rare_earth_elements)

Autonomous underwater vehicles key to inexpensive detection of mineral deposits AND new technology means surveys can be done quickly and accurately
[J. C., "MINERAL EXTRACTION, AUTHIGENIC MINERALS." Marine Policy & Economics: A Derivative of the Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences(2010): 274., Google Books, http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=dqzXwFsOFMcC&oi=fnd&pg=PA274&dq=(%22Rare+Earth+Elements%22+OR+%22rare+earth+minerals%22)+AND+(%22autonomous+underwater+vehicles%22+OR+%22Autonomous+Benthic+Explorer%22)&ots=PIzchVTPjs&sig=C1I_dhR2fdZIW6VUSsl3m8t-n44#v=onepage&q&f=false, pg 276] The first step in minerals development is to find an economic mine site. This AND model to determine whether it is economically profitable to mine a given deposit.
 * Wiltshire, '10, Specialist at Ocean and Resources Engineering**

China REM monopoly prevents US high tech manufacturing and causes all future development to offshore – US action is key now to win the race and cause reshoring
The United States, like most of the industrialized world, is currently engaged in AND alternative that will allow them a way out of the China relocation trap.
 * Hannis, Senior fellow in defense studies at the American Foreign Policy Council, 12 (**Eric, 11-20-12, US News, "Are We Losing the Race for Rare Earths?", http://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/world-report/2012/11/20/the-us-needs-rare-earth-independence-from-china)

REM independence is key to weapons development and preserving hegemony
This race is also important for defense reasons: A reliable domestic source of rare AND that supplies much of our oil: Neither are getting friendlier to America.
 * Hannis, Senior fellow in defense studies at the American Foreign Policy Council, 12** (Eric, 11-20-12, US News, "Are We Losing the Race for Rare Earths?", http://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/world-report/2012/11/20/the-us-needs-rare-earth-independence-from-china)

Manufacturing is key to defense technology that's the foundation of military primacy
The current wave of defense cuts is also different than past defense budget reductions in AND civilian and military export opportunities for the United States in a globalized marketplace.
 * O'Hanlon, Scholar at the Brookings Institution, 12** (Michael, January 2012, The Brookings Institution, "The Arsenal of Democracy and How to Preserve It: Key Issues in Defense Industrial Policy", http://www.brookings.edu//media/research/files/papers/2012/1/26%20defense%20industrial%20base/0126_defense_industrial_base_ohanlon )

manufacturing is key to competitiveness that underpins growth and power projection
There is no doubt that economics alone will not determine the balance of global power AND economic growth and military power – the classic 'guns vs butter' dilemma.
 * Baru, Visiting Professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy and Institute of South Asian Studies (Singapore), 9** (Sanjava, January 2009, The Seminar, "Year of the power shift?",, http://www.india-seminar.com/2009/593/593_sanjaya_baru.htm)

The pursuit of hegemony is inevitable, sustainable, and prevents great power war
Of course, even if it is true that the costs of deep engagement fall AND an engaged and liberal leading power. The results could well be disastrous.
 * Ikenberry, Brooks, and Wohlforth, Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College and the Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University and Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University in Seoul and the Daniel Webster Professor of Government at Dartmouth College, 13** (John Ikenberry, Stephen G. Brooks, William C. Wohlforth, January/February 2013, Foreign Affairs, "Lean Forward: In Defense of American Engagement" http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/138468/stephen-g-brooks-g-john-ikenberry-and-william-c-wohlforth/lean-forward)

Aerospace manufacturing is key -airpower decline risks global instability and conflict
[Robert L, Shelby Cullom Davis Professor of International Security Studies at. The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy and President of the Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis, et al., Final Report of the IFPA-Fletcher Conference on National Security Strategy and Policy, "Air, Space, & Cyberspace Power in the 21st-Century", p. xiii-9] Deterrence Strategy In stark contrast to the bipolar Cold War nuclear setting, today's security AND that airpower would play in U.S. strategy and crisis management.
 * Pfaltzgraff 10**

__Here is our K Aff:__


 * Reads excepts of the Rime of the Ancient Mariner*

By abandoning the imposition of his own conceptuality onto the real, the mariner deals a death blow to the wilderness and embraces the ecology of the whatever
Morton ‘7 (Timothy, Professor and Rita Shea Guffey Chair in English at Rice University, “Ecology without nature,” 158-159) Coleridge's The Ancient Mariner suggests an ecological approach that we could call an ethics of AND is not just an Alpine place where everything i s equally splendid and sublime

====Rather than describe, the images of the poem do exactly the opposite – by combining metaphors that exist outside our frame of reference they create a defamiliarization that allows us to transcend our own sensory experience and perceive – but not understand – a reality that exists imperceptibly within and without us==== Swanepoel ’10 (A.C., Professor of Linguistics at Northwest University, "Coleridge's transcendental imagination: the seascape beyond the senses in 'The Rime of the Ancient Mariner'." //Journal of Literary Studies// 26.1 (2010): 191+, Via Academic OneFile) //AWP// Her lips were red, her looks were free, Her locks AND// realms of being, including the divine" (Barth 1986: 25).

The Mariner may have failed, but we will not. In shedding our need for understanding we create the space for our own imagination
Perkins ’10 (Karey, Professor of writing, literature, and philosophy at DeVry University, //The Mariner in the Mirror: The Irony of Death in Coleridge's Rime//, 8/1/10, []) // AWP The poststructuralists have joined the crowd of RAM critics, for a poem that seems AND , the Romantic idea of imagination, and Coleridge's idea of primary imagination.

We must undergo the same process as the Mariner – a loss of meaning and reality as we know it – to shake off the external metaphors and embrace a true love and unity with what’s around us.
Perkins ’10 (Karey, Professor of writing, literature, and philosophy at DeVry University, //The Mariner in the Mirror: The Irony of Death in Coleridge's Rime//, 8/1/10, []) // AWP Coleridge's Rime outlines an archetypal spiritual journey of life, death, and rebirth. AND "slimy things." Momentary redemption is given by this act of love.

Policy debate has failed us - unraveling the myth of human mastery and redemptive adjustment is a pre-requisite to any political, ecological, or identity debate
Muecke, 14 (Stephen, teaches in the Environmental Humanities program at the University of New South Wales, Australia. “Global Warming and Other Hyperobjects—Stephen Muecke on Hyperobjects: Philosophy and Ecology after the End of the World,” LA Review of Books, February 20, [|http://lareviewofbooks.org/review/hyperobjects.) //] BR YOU KNOW THE SCENARIO . It begins with someone asserting that global warming really exists AND //share the same language of human mastery//, //hope// , and //redemptive adjustment//.

Nature is erupting from humanity’s box – the poem’s encounter with the strange stranger creates the awareness of coexistence
Morton ’12 (Timothy, Professor and Rita Shea Guffey Chair in English at Rice University, //The Ecological Thought//, Harvard University Press. Accessed p. eBrary from May 24-June 1, 2014. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/apus/docDetail.action?docID=10496853..page 47-48) // AWP A time-lapse film of a flower growing and dying shows not only its AND is how true sympathy comes from social feeling—the awareness of coexistence.

This is key to a new ecological thought – the encounter with the strange stranger breaks the cycle of sameness
Morton, ’12 (Timothy, Professor and Rita Shea Guffey Chair in English at Rice University, //The Ecological Thought//, Harvard University Press. Accessed p. eBrary from May 24-June 1, 2014. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/apus/docDetail.action?docID=10496853..page 47-48) // BR The ecological thought needs to develop an ethical attitude we might call “coexistentialism .” AND unexpected. The encounter with the strange stranger breaks the cycle of sameness.

Our affirmation of death-in-life and life-in-death is the only way to shatter the world-frame that sustains divisions between lifeforms and non-lifeforms
Morton, ’12 (Timothy, Professor and Rita Shea Guffey Chair in English at Rice University, //The Ecological Thought//, Harvard University Press. Accessed p. eBrary from May 24-June 1, 2014. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/apus/docDetail.action?docID=10496853..page 47-48) //BR// // Without a world, there is no Nature. Without a world, there is // // AND // //Turin might be rebuilt, brick by brick, on some other world.//

//** Traditional United States politics fails to interrogate their own human-centered formation of subjectivity **//**that// is the foundation of the planetary wide repetition of the racist ideologies of imperialism leading to the systematic slaughter of the non-human** (Graham, chair of commonwealth and postcolonial literatures at Leeds and Helen, Adjunct professor of post-colonial and animal studies at University of New England, Australia, Postcolonial ecocriticism: literature, animals, environment, pg. 5-7) For Plumwood, these…throughout this book For Plumwood, these claims extend AND
 * Huggan and Tiffin, 10**
 * __from issues of representation__** - as will be made clear throughout this book.

Around 1900 __Edmund Husserl discovered something strange about objects__. __No matter how many times__ __AND__ __our inspection: things are themselves, but we can’t point to them directly__
 * Science is good, but there will always be things which cannot be known about objects. **
 * Morton 13 **Professor and Rita Shea Guffey Chair in English at Rice University (Timothy, Hyperobjects, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2013, pg.11-12)

__Here are some things I like to put in my 1NCs__ Politics (Midterms, Ex-Im) DA NOAA Trade-Off DA Russia DA WTO Warming CP Navy CP NEPA CP Ph’nglui mglw’nafh Cthulhu R’lyeh wgah’nagl fhtagn CP (I only tried this once and it didn't work. But who knows...) Consumption K Warming Apoc K Frontier K Heidegger K T - its T - development = resources Heg Bad DeDev

__Here are some things I've gone for in my 2NRs__ NOAA Trade-Off DA Russia DA Politics (Midterms) Navy CP Ph’nglui mglw’nafh Cthulhu R’lyeh wgah’nagl fhtagn CP Consumption K Warming Apoc K T - its T - development = resources Heg Bad