Stephanie+&+Crystal

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Plan: The United States federal government should substantially increase its regulated backbone carbon pipeline infrastructure investment in the United States.

Carbon regulation is coming and CCS technology is advancing – facilitating regulated transportation infrastructure is key to jump-starting the commercial industry
Zarraby 12- chemical engineer for the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, JD expected from GWU in 2012 Cyrus, “Note: Regulating Carbon Capture and Sequestration: A Federal Regulatory Regime to Promote the Construction of a National Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Network,” 80 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 950, Lexis Rising food prices, 1 mass migration, 2 new endangered species....the construction of new CO<2> pipelines. 17

CCS is inevitable after caps – it's only a question of what form it will take
Bidlack 10- *JD @ Michigan State University Chris, “REGULATING THE INEVITABLE: UNDERSTANDING THE LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF AND PROVIDING FOR THE REGULATION OF THE GEOLOGIC SEQUESTRATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE,” http://epubs.utah.edu/index.php/jlrel/article/view/281/237 As the world has entered the 21st century... combination of federal oversight and strong state-based programs.

The entire project depends on a national network for pipeline infrastructure
IRGC 8 International Risk Governance Council, “Regulation of Carbon Capture and Storage,” http://www.irgc.org/IMG/pdf/Policy_Brief_CCS.pdf Large-scale CCS deployment...organisational structure of the CCS industry

Significantand immediate government investment is key Insight Economics 11 [All the members of this consulting firm have “Building Essential Infrastructure for Carbon Capture and Storage,” Report to the Global Carbon Capture and Storage Institute, http://cdn.globalccsinstitute.com/sites/default/files/publications/13361/development-carbon-capture-and-storage-infrastructure.pdf] This has ramifications for investment ... contribution from the public sector

Utilizing federal lands is key - necessary to link the east and west
Grant 9 [Physical Scientist Office of Systems, Analyses, and Planning @ DoE, Tim, “Storage of Captured Carbon Dioxide Beneath Federal Lands,” Dept of Energy, http://www.netl.doe.gov/energy-analyses/pubs/Fed%20Land_403.01.02_050809.pdf] A global effort is underway to assess storage potential ... accelerate commercial deployment of CCS technology.

Absent federal funding, companies will inevitably build point-to-point Chrysostomidis et al. 9 [Ioannis Chrysostomidis and Paul Zakkour, Environemtal Resources Management; Mark Bohm and Eric Beynon, Suncor Energy; Renato de Filippo, Eni SpA; Arthur Lee, Chevron Corporation (“Assessing issues of financing a CO2 transportation pipeline infrastructure” Energy Procedia Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages 1625–1632, February 2009, http://www.sciencedirect.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/science/article/pii/S1876610209002148)//MR] For carbon dioxide capture and geologic ... have the same capacity utilization risk

That drives up costs, delays the project, and doesn’t store enough CO2 National Grid 12 [international electricity and gas company and one of the largest investor-owned energy companies in the world (“The benefits of a clustered carbon capture and storage system over point-to-point” National Grid, 2012, [|http://www.nationalgrid.com/uk/EnergyandServices/NonRegs/CCS/ClusteringBenefits/#header)//MR]] A shared pipeline system ... point-to-point solutions may be too expensive.

No leaks or spikes
Reisinger 9 [JD, Attorney @ Ohio Environmental Council, Will, “RECONCILING KING COAL AND CLIMATE CHANGE: A REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE,” Vermont Journal of Environmental Law, http://vjel.org/journal/pdf/VJEL10107.pdf] Because CO2 is toxic at high concentrations... massive cloud of CO2 could escape.

There is a tangible impact to any delay Zarraby 12- chemical engineer for the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, JD expected from GWU in 2012 Cyrus, “Note: Regulating Carbon Capture and Sequestration: A Federal Regulatory Regime to Promote the Construction of a National Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Network,” 80 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 950, Lexis In order to mitigate... environmental harms caused by climate change

CO2 storage is proven and feasible—pilot projects prove
Dooley and Davidson 10– leader of the Joint Global Change Research Institute's and the Global Energy Technology Strategy Project's research related to carbon dioxide capture and storage and senior member of the Joint Global Change Research Institute's Integrated Assessment modeling team; Senior Research Scientist. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington (JJ and CL, “A Brief Technical Critique of Ehlig-Economides and Economides 2010: ‘Sequestering Carbon Dioxide in a Closed Underground Volume’” US Department of Energy April 2010 []) MLR The technical feasibility ... challenges associated with CCS

There's enough space
EPA 10 [“Report of the Interagency Task Force on Carbon Capture and Storage,” ttp://www.epa.gov/climatechange/downloads/CCS-Task-Force-Report-2010.pdf] CO2 storage potential is... for over 1,000 years. 47

1ac econ
Carbon sequestration key to averting negative economic consequences of carbon regulations EPA 10 [US Environmental Protection Agency “Report of the Interagency Task Force on Carbon Capture and Storage,” []] While CCS can be applied to... new technologies for export.

Coal use is inevitable – It’s just a question of if we can make it clean
Reisinger 9– JD, Attorney @ Ohio Environmental Council Will, “RECONCILING KING COAL AND CLIMATE CHANGE: A REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE,” Vermont Journal of Environmental Law, http://vjel.org/journal/pdf/VJEL10107.pdf In the United States and around ... reduce GHG emissions worldwide.

Having coal as a utility option is key – any alt drastically increases consumer energy costs
Zarraby 12- chemical engineer for the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, JD expected from GWU in 2012 Cyrus, “Note: Regulating Carbon Capture and Sequestration: A Federal Regulatory Regime to Promote the Construction of a National Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Network,” 80 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 950, Lexis In the United States, coal-fired ... the costs associated with electricity generation.

This collapses all major sectors of the economy
Rose and Wei 6 - * Professor of Energy, Environmental and Regional Economics, **Graduate Assistant in the Department of Geography at the Pennsylvania State University Adam and Dan, “The Economic Impacts of Coal Utilization and Displacement in the Continental United States, 2015,”[] We performed our analysis ... throughout the U.S. economy.

Independently, the plan is a key fiscal stimulus
ACCCE 11 American Coalition for Clean Coal Energy, “American Coalition for Clean Coal Electricity,” http://www.compasscoal.com/blog/ The United States continues to be a ... dollar the government invests.

Government spending solves every internal link employment and doesn’t cause inflation – it stimulates demand Harvey, 11 – Professor of Economics @ TCU (John, “How to Destroy the US Economy? Balance the Budget,” 6-5, [])//AH Situations like the 1930s and today ... is not analogous to how a householdbudget works.

That’s key to faster growth
Applebaum 12 - *PhD, Professor @ Rutgers, senior economist at the Center for Economic and Policy Research Eileen, 4-27, “Blame Budget Austerity for Poor GDP Growth,” http://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/economic-intelligence/2012/04/27/blame-budget-austerity-for-poor-gdp-growth As the Obama administration's ... economic policies. Itshould not choose austerity.

Economic collapse causes resource wars, democratic backslide, and nuclear terrorism Harris and Burrows 9 Mathew, PhD European History @ Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer is a member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis” [] Increased Potential for Global Conflict Of course, the report encompasses ... dog-eat-dog world.

Even absent a recession, slow growth leads to global wars
Khalilzad 11 – PhD, Former Professor of Political Science @ Columbia, Former ambassador to Iraq and Afghanistan Zalmay Khalilzad was the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush and the director of policy planning at the Defense Department from 1990 to 1992. "The Economy and National Security" Feb 8 www.nationalreview.com/blogs/print/259024 Today, economic and fiscal trends pose ... moves in their regions.

Global warming is real and human induced – top climate scientists agree
Anderegg et al 10– PhD Candidate @ Stanford in Biology William, “Expert credibility in climate change,” National Academy of Sciences, p. 12107-12109 Preliminary reviews of scientific literature... regarding anthropogenic climate change.

Warming is an existential risk – quickening reductions is key to avoiding extinction
Mazo 10– PhD in Paleoclimatology from UCLA Jeffrey Mazo, Managing Editor, Survival and Research Fellow for Environmental Security and Science Policy at the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London, 3-2010, “Climate Conflict: How global warming threatens security and what to do about it,” pg. 122 The best estimates for global ... and political changes.

Unmitigated carbon emissions cause extinction.
Romm 12 - Joe Romm is a Fellow at American Progress and is the editor of Climate Progress, “Science: Ocean Acidifying So Fast It Threatens Humanity’s Ability to Feed Itself,” 3/2/2012, http://thinkprogress.org/romm/2012/03/02/436193/science-ocean-acidifying-so-fast-it-threatens-humanity-ability-to-feed-itself/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+climateprogre The world’s oceans may be ... for reef and shell-building.

Any risk means you vote aff Strom 7 (Robert, Professor of planetary sciences @ U of Arizona, studied climate change for 15 years, the former Director of the Space Imagery Center, a NASA Regional Planetary Image Facility, "Hot House", SpringerLink, p. 123) There is also the ... insane not to act.

Carbon sequestration is key
Mack and Endemann 10 - *partner in the Houston office and global Chair of the Environmental Transactional Support Practice, provides over 25 years of experience advising on the transactional, environmental and regulatory issues associated with all sectors of the oil and gas industry, power (including both fossil and renewable energy), mining and chemical industries in the United States and abroad, in addition to the development, financing and entitlements for telecommunications and other industrial and public infrastructure facilities in the United States and offshore, **JD, Faculty @ USD Law, provides comprehensive environmental counseling on energy and infrastructure projects, and represents clients in related litigation Joel and Buck, “Making carbon dioxide sequestration feasible: Toward federal regulation of CO2 sequestration pipelines,” Energy Policy, [] At present, approximately ... from global climate change. 8

Solves warming
EPA 12 (Environmental Protection Agency, “Carbon Dioxide Capture and Sequestration”, last updated on Thursday, June 14th, 2012, http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ccs/index.html)//AMV What is carbon dioxide capture ... impact drinking water, human health, and ecosystems.

CCS is a critical bridge to a broader portfolio of sustainable energy
WRI 8 [World Resources Institute, “CCS Overview: What Is CCS?,” http://www.wri.org/project/carbon-dioxide-capture-storage/ccs-basics] CCS is a broad term that ... can provide sufficient and reliable electricity.

Plan is key to convincing the world that emissions can be cut without economic cost
MIT 7 [Interdisciplinary Study, The Future of Coal, http://web.mit.edu/coal/] Washington, DC – Leading academics ... of integrated technology systems should be greatly enhanced.

Only the plan is modeled – BRIC countries won’t cut emissions unless they can avoid economic cost
Apt et al 7 [PhD in Physics @ MIT, Professor of Technology, Tepper School of Business and Engineering and Public Policy Jay, “Incentives for Near-Term Carbon Dioxide Geological Sequestration,” Carnegie Mellon, http://wpweb2.tepper.cmu.edu/ceic/pdfs_other/Incentives_for_Near-Term_Carbon_Dioxide_Geological_Sequestration.pdf] The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ... greenhouse gases in the 2005 U.S. economy are shown in figure 28 below.