Byron+Chin+and+Jessi+Meadows

1AC

Executive Order 12333 authorizes foreign surveillance, but the NSA is using it to exploit loopholes to create backdoor access for wholly domestic communications
Legal Loopholes. In Section 2 we start by describing the current U.S AND . soil (e.g., from Harvard University to Boston University).
 * Arnbak and Goldberg 14-** cybersecurity and information law research at the Institute for Information Law, LL.M degree from Leiden University, A Competitive Strategy and Game Theory degree from London School of Economics University of Amsterdam; Associate professor in the Computer Science Department at Boston University, phD from Princeton University, B.A.S.c from University of Toronto (Axel and Sharon, "Loopholes for Circumventing the Constitution: Warrantless Bulk Surveillance on Americans by Collecting the Network Traffic Abroad", Working Paper, June 27, 2014)//TT

The perception that the NSA is using the XO 12333 back-door to circumvent section 702 is causing a global backlash against US tech companies and driving data localization
Eoyang, 14 - Mieke Eoyang is the Director of the National Security Program at Third Way, a center-left think tank. She previously served as Defense Policy Advisor to Senator Edward M. Kennedy, and a subcommittee staff director on the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, as well as as Chief of Staff to Rep. Anna Eshoo (D-Palo Alto) ("A Modest Proposal: FAA Exclusivity for Collection Involving U.S. Technology Companies" Lawfare, 11/24, http://www.lawfareblog.com/modest-proposal-faa-exclusivity-collection-involving-us-technology-companies Beyond 215 and FAA, media reports have suggested that there have been collection programs AND to provide their customers with some sense of how many requests are made.

The US needs to draw a sharp distinction between domestic and national security surveillance to make the US Internet Freedom agenda credible – otherwise global internet fragmentation will result
Fontaine, 14 – President of the Center for a New American Security; was foreign policy advisor to Senator John McCain for more than five years; Worked at the State Department, the National Security Council and the Senate Foreign Relations Committee; was associate director for near Eastern affairs at the National Security Council; B.A. in International Relations from Tulan University (Richard, "Bringing Liberty Online; Reenergizing the Internet Freedom Agenda in a Post-Snowden Era", Center for a New American Security, September 18, 2014, http://www.cnas.org/sites/default/files/publications-pdf/CNAS_BringingLibertyOnline_Fontaine.pdf)//TT The 2013 revelations of mass surveillance by the U.S. government transformed the AND that EU officials said stemmed directly from worries after the Snowden disclosures.32

Data localization will end internet freedom and cause global democratic rollbacks
Hill, 14 – Internet Policy at U.S. Department of Commerce (Jonah, "The Growth of Data Localization Post-Snowden: Analysis and Recommendations for U.S. Policymakers and Business Leaders", The Hague Institute for Global Justice, Conference on the Future of Cyber Governance, 2014, May 1, 2014, SSRN)//TT Free Expression and Internet Freedoms Are Not Well Served Most troubling of all the AND localization – namely, security for communications and economic development – are illusory.

Democracy as spread by the global internet is vital to the emergence of global publics – that's the key to solving all existential impacts
Keane, 11 – Professor of Politics at the University of Sydney (John, "Democracy in the Age of Google, Facebook and WikiLeaks" http://sydney.edu.au/arts/downloads/news/ALR.pdf) Communicative abundance enables one other trend that is of life-and-death importance AND to those whose lives it currently shapes and reshapes, secures or wrecks.

A free internet is vital to combating every existential threat
Eagleman, 10 - American neuroscientist and writer at Baylor College of Medicine, where he directs the Laboratory for Perception and Action and the Initiative on Neuroscience and Law (David, "Six ways the internet will save civilization" Wired, 9/10, http://www.wired.co.uk/magazine/archive/2010/12/start/apocalypse-no Many great civilisations have fallen, leaving nothing but cracked ruins and scattered genetics. AND to suggest that the net may just be the technology that saves us.

Data localization will destroy global economic growth
Chandler and Le, 15 - * Director, California International Law Center, Professor of Law and Martin Luther King, Jr. Hall Research Scholar, University of California, Davis; A.B., Harvard College; J.D., Yale Law School AND **Free Speech and Technology Fellow, California International Law Center; A.B., Yale College; J.D., University of California, Davis School of Law (Anupam and Uyen, "DATA NATIONALISM" 64 Emory L.J. 677, lexis) C. Economic Development Many governments believe that by forcing companies to localize data AND aggregating data across borders. We discuss the impacts on these trends below.

That causes World War 3
James, 14 - Professor of history at Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School who specializes in European economic history (Harold, "Debate: Is 2014, like 1914, a prelude to world war?" 7/3, http://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-debate/read-and-vote-is-2014-like-1914-a-prelude-to-world-war/article19325504/) Some of the dynamics of the pre-1914 financial world are now re- AND temptation to roll the dice, even though the game may be fatal.

NSA surveillance is crushing U.S. cloud-computing – decks competitiveness and spills over to the entire tech sector
by U.S. firms, gaining market share in the process.
 * Donohue 15 – Professor of Law, Georgetown Law and Director, Center on National Security and the Law, Georgetown Law (Lauren, HIGH TECHNOLOGY, CONSUMER PRIVACY, AND U.S. NATIONAL SECURITY, Symposium Articles, 4 Am. U. Bus. L. Rev. 11 p.15-18, 2015, Hein Online)//JJ**
 * I. ECONOMIC IMPACT OF NSA PROGRAMS **
 * The NSA programs, and public awareness **
 * AND**

The best and newest research confirms the link
Marthews and Tucker, 15 – * National Chair at Restore the Fourth AND **PhD in economics and professor of Marketing at MIT (Alex and Catherine, "Government Surveillance and Internet Search Behavior", 29 April 2015, file:///C:/Users/17GGonzalez/Downloads/SSRN-id2412564%20(2).pdf)//gg This study is the first to provide substantial empirical documentation of a chilling effect, AND potential for effects of government surveillance practices on commercial outcomes and international competitiveness.

That undermines US global technological leadership
Castro and McQuinn 15, Daniel Castro works at the Center for Data Innovation, Government Technology, The Information Technology & Innovation Foundation, worked at the U.S. Government Accountability Office, went to Carnegie Mellon. Alan McQuinn works at the Federal Communications Commission, previously had the Bill Archer Fellowship at the University of Texas, (June 2015, "Beyond the USA Freedom Act: How U.S. Surveillance Still Subverts U.S. Competitiveness", file:///C:/Users/Mark/Downloads/2015-beyond-usa-freedom-act.pdf)//AK CONCLUSION When historians write about this period in U.S. history it AND . government enable its tech industry to effectively compete in the global market.

Tech leadership is the primary driver of hegemony –
So what accounts for America's transformative capacity? AND primarily) a commercial matter—even when the NSS "goes commercial.
 * Weiss 14 – Fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia, Professor Emeritus in Government and International Relations at the University of Sydney, Honorary Professor of Political Science at Aarhus University. (Linda, America Inc.?: Innovation and Enterprise in the National Security State, Cornell University Press, 4/1/14, p. 1-3)//JJ**
 * NSS=National Security State**

Hegemonic decline causes great power wars
Zhang et al., Carnegie Endowment researcher, 2011 (Yuhan, "America's decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry", 1-22, http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/, ldg) This does not necessarily mean that the US is in systemic decline, but it AND forecast in a future that will inevitably be devoid of unrivalled US primacy.

Cloud computing is key to effective space situational awareness – prevents space debris collisions with satellites

 * Johnston et al 13 – Ph.D. with the Computational Engineering and Design Group (CED) at the University of Southampton, MEng degree in Software Engineering from the School of Electronics and Computer Science, Senior Research Fellow for the Faculty of Engineering and the Environment at University of Southampton (Steven, Neil O'Brien – Senior Technical Recruiter at Colloco Search, Hugh Lewis – Astronautics Research Group at the University of Southampton, PhD, Elizabeth Hart – School of Engineering Science at Southampton University, Adam White – School of Engineering Science at Southampton University, Simon Cox – professor of Computational Methods and Director of the Microsoft Institute for High Performance Computing, PhD, Clouds in Space: Scientific Computing using Windows Azure, Journal of Cloud Computing, 2013, http://www.journalofcloudcomputing.com/content/pdf/2192-113X-2-2.pdf)//JJ**
 * Space situational awareness**
 * Within the last two decades, the downstream services **
 * AND**
 * -based architecture for space surveillance and tracking, algorithm development and comparison.**
 * -based architecture for space surveillance and tracking, algorithm development and comparison.**


 * ====Debris collisions decks satellites – extinction ====**
 * Moore 9 – Professor of Economics and International Affairs, M.S. and Ph.D. in economics from the University of Wisconsin-Madison (Mike, Space Debris: From Nuisance to Nightmare, Foreign Policy, 2/12/9, **http://foreignpolicy.com/2009/02/12/space-debris-from-nuisance-to-nightmare/)//JJ
 * When satellites collide in space, should ordinary people be worried? Here's a scenario **
 * AND**
 * If not, the space-is-ruined scenario could become reality.**

Plan
====The United States federal government should limit domestic surveillance for foreign intelligence purposes of American corporations exclusively to authority under section 702 of the FISA Amendments Act.====

The plan's curtailment of surveillance of U.S. companies to exclusive section 702 authority is vital to restoring domestic and international trust in surveillance
Eoyang and Bishai, 15 - *Mieke Eoyang is the Director of the National Security Program at Third Way, a center-left think tank. She previously served as Defense Policy Advisor to Senator Edward M. Kennedy, and a subcommittee staff director on the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, as well as as Chief of Staff to Rep. Anna Eshoo (D-Palo Alto); **Chrissy Bishai is a Fellow at Third Way ("Restoring Trust between U.S. Companies and Their Government on Surveillance Issues" 3/19, http://www.thirdway.org/report/restoring-trust-between-us-companies-and-their-government-on-surveillance-issues Fixing the Problem Means Changing the Existing Legal Framework Currently, the U. AND, they bring with them American values, including those of privacy protections.

Limiting the use of surveillance on US-based servers to national security interests and increasing transparency regarding surveillance is vital to restoring trust and US credibility
Kehl, 14 – Policy Analyst at New America's Open Technology Institute (Danielle, "Surveillance Costs: The NSA's Impact on the Economy, Internet Freedom & Cybersecurity" July, https://www.newamerica.org/oti/surveillance-costs-the-nsas-impact-on-the-economy-internet-freedom-cybersecurity/ The NSA mass surveillance programs described in the introduction, conducted domestically pursuant to USA AND a leadership role in the promotion of better international standards around surveillance practices.