ACHM+Hill+Kahn


 * __1AC - HK__**
 * Contrary to popular belief, Jacob and I win sometimes.**

1AC – Relations

 * Contention one is relations—**

**Energy cooperation is key to a SUSTAINABLE partnership – boosts regional economy, solves Mexican violence and reverses Latin anti-US sentiment**
Reyes 13 – JD, member of the USA Today Board of Contributors (Raul, April, “Opinion: President Obama has the chance to improve US/Mexico relations,” http://nbclatino.com/2013/04/29/opinion-president-obama-has-the-chance-to-improve-usmexico-relations/)//BBObama will arrive in Mexico with good and bad news. On the positive sideANDforeign policy with Mexico based on its potential, not on its problems.
 * Several internal links –**

First, thinking BEYOND security is key – energy cooperation overcomes alternate impediments and creates a resilient partnership
Miller and DeLeon 9 – *Stephanie, consultant on U.S.-Latin America relations and was formerly the Research Associate for the Americas Project on the National Security Team. Born in Venezuela with family from Colombia, Miller earned her degree from Duke University in International Comparative Studies with a focus on Latin America. She currently lives in Bogotá, Colombia, **Rudy, Senior Vice President of National Security and International Policy at American Progress(“Transcending the Rio Grande,” http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2009/04/pdf/mexico.pdf)//BB The U.S.-Mexico relationship is ready for renewed collaboration on a range AND of the United States’ most important and strategic allies in ¶ the hemisphere.

Second, SEQUENCING is vital – CLIMATE cooperation FIRST spills over to the rest of relations
Donnelly 10 – Program Associate, Mexico Institute @ Wilson Center (Robert, “U.S.-Mexico Cooperation on Renewable Energy: Building a Green Agenda,” http://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/us-mexico-cooperation-renewable-energy-building-green-agenda)//BB Discussant Johanna Mendelson Forman stressed the linkages connecting climate change, energy, and economic AND S. companies suffer from a lack of adequate export-import financing.

Third, Only Obama’s actions solve – reverses Anti-US sentiment throughout Latin America
Valencia 13 – New York-based political analyst and is a contributing writer for Global Voices Online (Robert, “U.S. and Latin America: Economic Cooperation without Militarization?,” http://www.worldpolicy.org/blog/2013/05/20/us-and-latin-america-economic-cooperation-without-militarization)//BB In May, President Barack Obama visited Mexico and Costa Rica and vowed to strengthen AND Latin American countries will forge ahead with economic and security integration amongst themselves. be discussed in the next chapter. Defeating the narcotics pandemic would become exponentially more difficult if the United States declined, AND a state would stimulate further anti-Mexican tendencies in the United States. Drug trafficking — in source countries, transit countries, and consumer countries, including AND and intelligence attention. In principle, any of these might be important.
 * Relations solve drug cartels**
 * Brzezinski 12** – former National Security Adviser (Zbigniew, “Strategic Vision: America and the Crisis of Global Power”, 2012, pp. 198-199)//Beddow
 * Trafficking revenues fund terrorists**
 * Kleiman, 4** (Mark, B.A. magna cum laude, Haverford College, M.P.P., Harvard Kennedy School, Ph.D., Harvard, Professor of Public Policy in the UCLA School of Public Affairs, “Illicit Drugs and the Terrorist Threat: Causal Links and Implications for Domestic Drug Control Policy”, Congressional Research Service, 4/20/2004, [], JKahn)

**The impact is an attack on US soil**
McCaul 12 – JD @ St. Mary’s, former federal prosecutor (Michael, “A LINE IN THE SAND: COUNTERING CRIME, VIOLENCE AND TERROR AT THE SOUTHWEST BORDER,” UNITED STATES HOUSE COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY, Lexis)//BB Terrorism remains a serious threat to the security of the United States. The Congressional AND on U.S. soil ¶ into a weapon of mass destruction.

**Nuclear war**
Ayson 10 – Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington (Robert, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 33.7, InformaWorld)//BB But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear attack and a AND be admitted that any preemption would probably still meet with a devastating response.

Pineros 8/1 (Brittany, programme manager of economic policy studies at the American Enterprise Institute, “The US is headed for 'another recession' in 2014”, http://www.publicserviceeurope.com/article/3892/the-us-is-headed-for-another-recession-in-2014)//lm Four years after the end of the Great Recession, the United States economy is AND partisanship is unfortunately what we have come to expect from our elected officials.
 * Independently, A recession’s coming – stats prove and consumer confidence means nothing**

**Latin energy connectivity is key to growth**
Noriega and Cardenas 12 – *Former US State Dept Official, ** director with Vision Americas (“An action plan for US policy in the Americas,” December, http://www.aei.org/outlook/foreign-and-defense-policy/regional/latin-america/an-action-plan-for-us-policy-in-the-americas/)//BB America’s economic crisis and threats to US security have undermined its traditional global-leadership AND its own hemisphere. A prosperous hemisphere means a more prosperous United States.

**US growth solves great power war**
Khalilzad 11 – PhD, Former Professor of Political Science @ Columbia, Former ambassador to Iraq and Afghanistan (Zalmay Khalilzad was the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush and the director of policy planning at the Defense Department from 1990 to 1992. "The Economy and National Security" Feb 8 http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/259024/economy-and-national-security-zalmay-khalilzad)//BB Today, economic and fiscal trends pose the most severe long-term threat to AND , hostile states would be emboldened to make aggressive moves in their regions.

**These wars go nuclear**
Harris and Burrows 9 – *Mathew, PhD European History @ Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC), **Jennifer, a member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit (“Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis” [])//BB Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and indeed believes the future is AND within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world.

**Global warming is real and human induced – top climate scientists agree**
Anderegg et al 10 – PhD Candidate @ Stanford in Biology (William, “Expert credibility in climate change,” National Academy of Sciences, p. 12107-12109)//BB Preliminary reviews of scientific literature and surveys of cli- mate scientists indicate striking agreement AND discussions in media, policy, and public forums regarding anthropogenic climate change.

**Action now averts extinction**
Morgan 9 – professor at Hankuk University of Foreign Studies (Dennis Ray, “World on Fire: Two Scenarios of the Destruction of Human Civilization and the Possible Extinction of the Human Race”, 2009)//Beddow As horrifying as the scenario of human extinction by sudden, fast-burning nuclear AND to a fundamentally different premise regarding the relationship between industrial civilization and nature.

**Warming is an existential risk – //__quickening__// reductions is key to avoiding extinction**
Mazo 10 – PhD in Paleoclimatology from UCLA (Jeffrey Mazo, Managing Editor, Survival and Research Fellow for Environmental Security and Science Policy at the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London, 3-2010, “Climate Conflict: How global warming threatens security and what to do about it,” pg. 122)//BB The best estimates for global warming to the end of the century range from 2 AND adaptation to these extremes would mean profound social, cultural and political changes.

**It’s not inevitable --- __every increment__ of CO2 is key and effects are __immediate__**
Understanding how decreases in CO2 emissions would affect global temperatures has been hampered in recent AND the same time scale as the political decisions that lead to the reductions.
 * Matthews and Soloman 13** (H. Damon Matthews and Susan Solomon, Associate Professor and 2009/2010 University Research Fellow in the Department of Geography Planning and Environment at Concordia and an atmospheric chemist, working for most of her career at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, “Irreversible does not mean unavoidable”, 4-26, http://www.sciencemag.org/content/340/6131/438.full.pdf?keytype=ref&siteid=sci&ijkey=X0PL7KHfd9%2FH6)

**Independently, emissions cause ocean acidification – extinction.**
The world’s oceans may be turning acidic faster today from human carbon emissions than they AND species goes extinct it’s gone forever. We’re playing a very dangerous game.”
 * Romm 12** – physicist and climate expert, Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Senior Fellow at the Center for American Progress (Joseph J., “Science: Ocean Acidifying so fast that it threatens humanity’s ability to feed itself”, 3/2/12; < http://earthlawcenter.org/news/headline/science-ocean-acidifying-so-fast-it-threatens-humanitys-ability-to-feed-itself/>)//Beddow

**Warming leads to hydrate instability which causes extinction and outweighs their impacts**
[] , Thursday 20 May 2010) The vast deepwater methane hydrate deposits of the Gulf of Mexico are an open secret AND crumpled by a force of nature scientists are still just getting to know.
 * Guardian 10 ** ( Guardian News “Did Deepwater methane hydrates cause the BP Gulf explosion?”

**China is looking to transition to renewables now, the plan is key to modeling**
Yang 12 – World Resources Institute (Ailun, “What Is The Future Of King Coal In China?” http://insights.wri.org/news/2012/10/what-future-king-coal-china) China’s great thirst for coal is undeniably troubling from a sustainable development standpoint. However AND transform its energy system towards a more clean and low-carbon future.

**The Chinese’s economic growth is unsustainable, transitions to renewables key to solve**
To meet even the conservative growth rates posited in the economics section, global energy AND of totalitarian regimes that sought economic prosperity for their nations by ruthless conquest.
 * JOE 10** – United States Joint Forces Command Center for Joint Futures, informational arm of Department of Defense (Joint Operating Environment, “The JOE 2010”, 11/25/08; [])//Beddow

**Economic contractions de-stabilize the CCP – growth is key to their legitimacy**
Abebe et al, 10 ( Dan – Prof Law @ U of C Law. “International Agreements, Internal Heterogeneity, and Climate Change: The “Two Chinas” Problem” The Virginia Journal of Intl Law, Vol 50. Winter 2010 ln) First, since the collapse of the Marxist-Leninist ideology that served as the AND impacts the CCP's incentives to curb environmental degradation and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

**That goes nuclear**
Yee and Storey, 02 ( Herbert Yee, Professor of Politics and International Relations at the Hong Kong Baptist University and Ian Storey, Lecturer in Defence Studies at Deakin University, The China Threat: Perceptions, Myths and Reality. 2002, Pg 5) The fourth factor contributing to the perception of a China threat is the fear of AND disintegrating China would also pose a threat to its neighbours and the world.

**Technical assistance for renewables significantly reduces greenhouse gases**
COCEF 12 – La Comisión de Cooperación Ecológica Fronteriza (“Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy and Transportation: Project Opportunities in the U.S. – Mexico Border Region,” http://www.cocef.org/Eng/VLibrary/Publications/SpecialReports/BECC%20WP%20%20Nov%202011%20index.pdf)//BB This white paper describes the current deficit in the U.S.-Mexico border AND and the funds will need a highly ¶ capacitated and experienced program manager.

**First – production – they have ENORMOUS renewable energy potential**
Wood 10 – PhD in Political Studies @ Queen’s, Professor @ ITAM in Mexico City (Duncan, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, http://www.statealliancepartnership.org/resources_files/USMexico_Cooperation_Renewable_Energies.pdf)//BB The North American context¶ The North American economic region is experiencing an impact from AND economic and financial incentives for public or private sector¶ development of renewable resources

**Second – technology transfer – Mexico will spread the green tech globally**
ENS 12 – Environmental News Service, (“U.S., Canada, Mexico Vow ‘Continental’ Energy Grid,” http://www.reepedia.com/archives/4568)//BB The leaders of the United States, Mexico, and Canada today pledged to develop AND , including electricity generation and interconnection and welcome increasing North American energy trade.”

**Third – international cooperation – Mexican leadership leads to GLOBAL climate agreements**
O’Neill 13 – PhD in Government @ Harvard, senior fellow for Latin America Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations, a nonpartisan foreign-policy think tank and membership organization (Shannon, “Mexico Makes It: A Transformed Society, Economy, and Government,” Foreign Affairs, 92.2)//BB If Mexico addresses these challenges, it will emerge as a powerful player on the AND and help construct new international financial, trade, and climate change accords.

**Renewables solve quickly – outside expertise is key**
Carus 13 – UK journalist, regularly reporting on clean energy policy and finance from California for a global audience (Felicity, “Mexico offers tantalising prospect of a dawning major market,” http://www.pv-tech.org/editors_blog/mexico_offers_tantalising_prospect_of_a_dawning_major_market)//BB He added that construction of a natural gas pipeline from the US could supply areas AND play much faster than the installation of potential gas pipelines,” said Hanhausen.

Devabhaktuni et al. 13 (Vijay Devabhaktuni, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer AND Volume 19, Pages 555–564, March 2013, SciVerse) MR Renewable energy is not a new concept, but it continues to rapidly emerge as AND energy is also becoming increasingly important to slow the effects of climate change.
 * Renewables energy is critical to solve global warming**

**Specifically – the US is key**
Hartsoch 11 – MA @ San Jose State, Senior Vice President of Marketing and Sales for SolFocus (Nancy, “A Sunny Future for Border Relations?,” http://breakingenergy.com/2011/05/10/featured-a-sunny-future-for-border-relations/)//BB Amidst the darkening cloud of violence that grips the US-Mexico border region, AND a more effective means to creating a peaceful, prosperous, cleaner future.

**Government-to-government cooperation is key**
Wood 10 – PhD in Political Studies @ Queen’s, Professor @ ITAM in Mexico City (Duncan, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, http://www.statealliancepartnership.org/resources_files/USMexico_Cooperation_Renewable_Energies.pdf)//BB This report argues that US involvement in the Mexican renewable energy sector has paid substantial AND renewable energy sector holds enormous potential to contribute even more in the future.

(Lisa, “Latin America Enjoys Abundant Renewable Energy but Lacks Policies for Use,” Scientfic American, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=latin-america-enjoys-abundant-renewable-energy-but-lacks-policies-for-use)//BB Latin America and the Caribbean could meet 100 percent of their electricity needs with renewable AND and that policies to promote renewable energy come at a high economic cost.
 * There is an advantage to //linear// advancements of renewable energy – key to meet demands of a growing economy**
 * Friedman 6-18** – Staff @ Climate Wire