AS+Alex+Jacob

Plan: The United States federal government should normalize its economic relations with Cuba.

Advantage 1: Transitions

CETIM ‘3 (Centre Europe Tiers Monde, independent research and political organization working at the UN, THE EFFECTS OF THE US EMBARGO AGAINST CUBA AND THE REASONS OF THE URGENT NEED TO LIFT IT, [] )

// The harmful economic effects of the embargo //// ¶ // From an official Cuban source, the

AND

__ of raw materials __ (New York), __of nickel, tobacco, rum.__

Economic liberalization will force political reform to accommodate
Lopez-Levy 13 – PhD candidate at Josef Korbel School of International Studies, coauthor of “Raul Castro and the New Cuba” (Arturo, The National Interest, April 10, 2013, [] )//EK

If Cuba implements the type of mixed economy proposedby the last Congress of the Communist

AND

result in a more institutionalized leadership that promotes younger leaders in an orderly fashion

The unconditional offer of normal trade relations boosts US-Cuban relations and fosters a stable transition

 * Koenig, 10 ** – US Army Colonel, paper submitted for a Masters in Strategic Studies at the US Army War College (Lance, “Time for a New Cuba Policy” [] )

The option with the greatest possibility of success and reward for the United States is AND guides her onto a path that will benefit the nations of the Americas.

** Independently, enforcing the embargo itself undermines the war on terror **

 * Johnson, et al, 10 ** – Andy Johnson is a director in the national security program at The Third Way (“End the Embargo of Cuba”, The National Security Program, 9/6/10, [|http://content.thirdway.org/publications/326/Third_Way_Memo_-_End_the_Embargo_of_Cuba.pdf)//EX]

Keeping the embargo in place requires that the US government devote time and resources to AND in the Western Hemisphere bureau to initiate a new path for engaging Cuba.

** Greater focus and resources to counter-terrorism is vital – WMD terrorist risks are increasing **

 * Clark, 13 -** Bruce Clarke is a retired Army Colonel with extensive strategic, operational and tactical experience. He is widely published on a myriad of strategic and operational subjects. Immediately prior to his retirement from the Army, Colonel Clarke was the Director of US National Security Studies at the US Army War College(Bruce, The Examiner, “ The end to the war on terrorism--really?” 5/28, [] )

I have been struck by the response to what my liberal friends call President Obama ’s AND , Hezbollah or Iran's Revolutionary Guards will use them when they get them.

** This risks extinction **
Ayson 10 - Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington (Robert, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 33.7, InformaWorld)//BB

But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear attack and a AND be admitted that any preemption would probably still meet with a devastating response.

** Economic liberalization will force political reform to accommodate **
Lopez-Levy 13 – PhD candidate at Josef Korbel School of International Studies, coauthor of “Raul Castro and the New Cuba” (Arturo, The National Interest, April 10, 2013, [|http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/getting-ready-post-castro-cuba-8316] [|)//EK] If Cuba implements the type of mixed economy proposedby the last Congress of the Communist AND result in a more institutionalized leadership that promotes younger leaders in an orderly fashion

** The unconditional offer of normal trade relations boosts US-Cuban relations and fosters a stable transition **
The option with the greatest possibility of success and reward for the United States is AND guides her onto a path that will benefit the nations of the Americas.
 * Koenig, 10** – US Army Colonel, paper submitted for a Masters in Strategic Studies at the US Army War College (Lance, “Time for a New Cuba Policy” [] )

Advantage 2: Multilateralism

** US leadership is unsustainable without a highly visible commitment to multilateralism **
The safeguarding of US authority requires multilateralism that is broader and certainly deeper than in
 * Lake, 10– ** Professor of Social Sciences, distinguished professor of political science at UC San Diego (David A., “Making America Safe for the World: Multilateralism and the Rehabilitation of US authority”, [|http://dss.ucsd.edu/~dlake/documents/LakeMakingAmericaSafe.pdf] [|)//NG]

AND

own self-interest, lead the way to a new world order. ¶

** The plan is a powerful symbol of that commitment **
// 6.3 How would the international community react? At international level all major //
 * Burgsdorff, 9– ** Ph. D in Political Science from Freiburg University, EU Fellow at the University of Miami (Sven Kühn von, “Problems and Opportunities for the Incoming Obama Administration”, [|http://aei.pitt.edu.proxy.lib.umich.edu/11047/1/vonBurgsdorfUSvsCubalong09edi.pdf] [|)]//[|NG]//

// AND //

//__ it would be interpreted by the international community as __//__steps towards effective multilateralism.//__

**Second is LA relations **

 * White, 13 **-Senior fellow at the Center for International Policy and former U.S. ambassador to Paraguay and El Salvador (Robert, “After Chávez, a Chance to Rethink Relations With Cuba”, New York Times, 3/7/13, []

__FOR most of our history, the United States assumed that its security was inextricably __ __AND __ cooperating in matters of common concern would be reduced to a historical footnote .

**Third is conflict resolution modeling **
Dickerson 10 – Lieutenant Colonel, US Army, paper submitted in fulfillment of a Master of Strategic Studies Degree at the US Army War College (Sergio M, “UNITED STATES SECURITY STRATEGY TOWARDS CUBA,” 1/14/10, http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a518053.pdf)//SJF

At the international political level, President Obama sees resuming relations with Cuba as a real AND decline in the greater global order bringing true peace for years to come.

**Multilateralism key to cap hotspot escalation **
David Bosco (a senior editor at Foreign Policy magazine) July 2006 “Forum: Keeping an eye peeled for World War III” []

The understanding that small but violent acts can spark // global conflagration // is etched into the AND not even a hint that France, Russia or China would respond militarily.

**<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Specifically solves Iran and North Korean proliferation and escalation **
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 13pt;">Hinderdael, 11– M.A. candidate at SAIS Bologna Center <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">(Klaas, “Breaking the Logjam: Obama's Cuba Policy and a Guideline for Improved Leadership”, <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">[|http://bcjournal.org/volume-14/breaking-the-logjam.html?printerFriendly=true] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">[|)//NG] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 6pt;">Conclusion The two countries’ histories have long been intertwined, particularly after the Monroe Doctrine <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 6pt;">AND

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">truly willing to extend his hand once America’s traditional adversaries unclench their fists.

** Iran nukes cause extinction-Status Quo Iran policies fail **
Noah**Beck, 13**- Covers current geopolitical issues in the Middle East for American Thinker, 7/16**/**13(Apocalyptic Threats Cannot be Hoped Away: Iranian Nukes Must Be Stopped, [|www.americanthinker.com/2013/07/apocalyptic_threats_cannot_be_hoped_away_iranian_nukes_must_be_stopped.html)//TL]

__President Obama's Middle East policy has been an ever-worsening train wreck because it__

__AND__

//-- before Iran's nuclear recalcitrance forces Israel's hand, with potentially apocalyptic consequences.//

**<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">US influence solves nuclear prolif ** <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 14pt;">In comparison with the nations of Europe, Asia, and the Middle East, <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 14pt;">AND <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 14pt;">respect and nonintervention in each other’s internal affairs and those of neighboring countries.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Zedillo and Pickering et al 08, **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">Ernesto Zedillo is the former President of Mexico and Commission co-chair of the Americas Commission for The Brookings Institution. Mauricio Cardenas is the Director of the Americas Commission for The Brookings Institution. Thomas R. Pickering Commission co-chair; Former U.S. Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs Leonardo Martinez-Diaz Deputy Director of the Commission; Political economy Fellow, Global economy and Development, Brookings Nancy Birdsall President; Center for Global Development Jonathan Coles; Former Minister of Agriculture of Venezuela Roberto Dañino; Former Prime Minister of Peru Jeffrey Davidow; President, institute of the Americas John Deutch; Former Deputy Secretary of Defense and Director, Central intelligence Agency Peter Hakim; President, inter-American Dialogue Alberto Ibargüen; President and Ceo, Knight Foundation Suzanne Nora Johnson; Senior Director and Former Vice Chairman, Goldman Sachs CelsoLafer; Former Foreign Minister of brazil Ricardo Lagos; Former President of Chile Carlos Ivan Simonsen Leal; President, FundaçãoGetulio Vargas, brazil Thomas “Mack” McLarty; Former U.S. envoy to the Americas Billie Miller; Former Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of barbadosMoisésNaím; editor in Chief, Foreign Policy Magazine Jorge Quiroga; Former President of Bolivia Thomas Ramey; Chairman and President, Liberty international Eduardo Stein; Former Vice President of Guatemala Strobe Talbott; President, The Brookings Institution(Ernesto/Mauricio, "Rethinking U.S.–Latin American Relations: A Hemispheric Partnership for a Turbulent World," November 2008, The Brookings Institution,

**<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Proliferation causes extinction – our card assumes your defense **
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Kroenig, 12 <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> [, Matthew, Assistant Professor of Government, Georgetown University and Stanton Nuclear Security Fellow, Council on Foreign Relations, May 26th “The History of Proliferation Optimism: Does It Have A Future?” <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">[] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">)

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">Proliferation Optimism: <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Proliferation optimism was revived <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;"> in the academy <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">in <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;"> Kenneth <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Waltz’s <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;"> 1979 <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">book <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">, Theory of International Politics. [29] In this, and subsequent works, Waltz argued that the spread of nuclear weapons has beneficial effects on international politics. He maintained that states, fearing a catastrophic nuclear war, will be deterred from going to war with other nuclear-armed states. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">As more and more states acquire nuclear weapons, therefore, there are fewer states <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">AND <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">that a future Middle East crisis could result in a devastating nuclear exchange.

====**<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">The alternative to multilateralism is unilateral militarism – the plan establishes a model for hemispheric diplomacy that sustains US leadership **==== <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Grandin 10 <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> – teaches history at New York University and is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (Greg, “Empire's Senescence: U.S. Policy in Latin America,” //New Labor Forum//, 19:1, Winter 2010, pg. 14-23)//SJF

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 6pt;">Washington’s relations with Latin America—particularly in terms of the gap between what its

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 6pt;">AND

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">power, and political paralysis quicken the U.S.’s fall.

** Multilateralism solves international frameworks that prevent extinction **
Masciulli 11 —Professor of Political Science at St Thomas University (Joseph, “The Governance Challenge for Global Political and Technoscientific Leaders in an Era of Globalization and Globalizing Technologies,” Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society February 2011 vol. 31 no. 1 pg. 3-5)//NG What is most to be feared is enhanced global disorder resulting from the combination of AND survival and security to their longer term agendas. Pg. 4-5

** Any step short of __unconditional removal__ means won’t create the same symbol of multilateralism **
Vivanco 6 - LLM from Harvard Law School, Americas director of Humans Rights Watch (Jose Miguel, “Restraint, not force, will bring change to Cuba”, humans rights watch, 12/22/06, [], google scholar)//KW

This reluctance would be understandable but misguided. Most Cubans do want change. If AND when the US stops acting like Goliath will Cuba stop looking like David.

__**Advantage 3: Agriculture**__ ====** The collapse of global agriculture is inevitable – monocultures, pesticides, soil depletion, climate change, pollinators, peak oil and declining yields all mean a new ag model is key to sustainability **====
 * Peters, 10 – ** LL.M. expected 2011, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010, University of Oregon School of Law (Kathryn, “Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution” J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION [Vol. 25, 203, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf)

The U.S. agricultural system is becoming increasingly more concentrated, specialized, AND <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">response to rapidly changing climate conditions and will help to ensure food security.

** Cuba’s model of urban agriculture is a sustainable alternative **

 * Peters, 10 – ** LL.M. expected 2011, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010, University of Oregon School of Law (Kathryn, “Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution” J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION [Vol. 25, 203, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf)

While urban agriculture was a response to a dramatic crisis in Cuba’s history, through

AND

a new economy for many Cubans without negatively impacting the environment or society.

** The plan jumpstarts US investment in Cuban organoponics – causing a widespread global urban agricultural revolution **
VI. New Opportunities ¶ While investment in Cuban businesses and sales or purchases of
 * Shkolnick, 12 ** - J.D. Candidate, Drake University Law School (Jacob, “SIN EMBARGO: n1 THE CUBAN AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND WHAT IT MEANS FOR THE UNITED STATES” 17 Drake J. Agric. L. 683, Fall, lexis)

AND

may be just what is needed to allow for urban agriculture to flourish.

** This prevents the collapse of US agriculture and extinction **

 * Peters, 10 – ** LL.M. expected 2011, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010, University of Oregon School of Law (Kathryn, “Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution” J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION [Vol. 25, 203, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf)

An adequate food supply is // essential for the survival of the human race //. Historically

AND urban areas with access to an adequate supply of fresh, nutritious food.

** Access to the __US export market__ is key to the viability of the Cuban model **

 * Kost, 4 ** – agricultural economist, Specialty Crops Branch, Economic Research. Service, US Department of Agriculture (William, “CUBAN AGRICULTURE: TO BE OR NOT TO BE ORGANIC?”

[]) In addition to the above European markets, the successful expansion and viability of Cuba’s

AND

domestic consumption in an environment where other production approaches are just not available.