Connor+&+Ben

Plan
The United States federal government should increase ocean exploration through earth observation satellites.

Inherency
Observation 1 is Inherency:

U.S. ability to monitor the earth is rapidly collapsing due to lack of funding and infrastructure – ¾ of our system will be lost by 2020
The Nation~’s leading scientists have issued a stark warning: America~’s ability to monitor the AND and expensive — our ability to monitor the health of planet is collapsing.
 * Lacey 12** (Stephen Lacy, reporter for think progress, "Report: U.S. Environmental Satellite System ~’Is At Risk Of Collapse~’ And Could Decline 75% By 2020", 5/8/12, http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/05/08/480253/report-us-environmental-satellite-system-is-at-risk-of-collapse-and-could-decline-75-by-2020/) EML

Warming Advantage
Observation 2 is Warming:

Overwhelming scientific consensus supports that warming is real and human caused
Kevin Trenbeth, Distinguished Senior Scientist, Climate Analysis Section, National Center for Atmospheric Research et al., writing with over 30 other distinguished climate researchers ( "Check with Climate Scientists for Views on Climate," WALL STREET JOURNAL, letter to the editor, 2—1—12, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204740904577193270727472662.html) Do you consult your dentist about your heart condition? In science, as in AND could also drive decades of economic growth. Just what the doctor ordered.

We isolate 3 internal links to solving warming: First is adaptation.

Satellites are key to developing models that enable effective mitigation and adaption
EUMETSAT NO DATE, [EUMETSAT is a global operational satellite agency at the heart of Europe. Their purpose is to gather satellite data on weather, climate and the environment around the clock, and to deliver them to Member and Cooperating States, = international partners, and to users world-wide, "Climate services need to be developed to meet the challenge of mitigating and adapting to climate change", EUMETSAT, http://www.eumetsat.int/website/home/AboutUs/WhatWeDo/MonitoringClimate/index.html ] l.gong Climate services need to be developed to meet the challenge of mitigating and adapting to AND ~’reanalysis~’ mode to produce consistent climate records of a broader range of variables. The second internal link is policymaker influence.

Enhanced climate data is key to informed and confident policymaking – helps test climate models and identify causes of warming
Lewis 10- James Andrew Lewis is a senior fellow and director of the Strategic Technologies Program at CSIS (Lewis, CSIS, 2010, Earth Observation for Climate Change: A Report of the CSIS Technology and Public Policy Program, http://csis.org/files/publication/100608_Lewis_EarthObservation_WEB.pdf)//SJ Managing climate-related risks requires accurate, robust, sustained, and wide- AND the interconnectivity of Earth~’s terrestrial, atmo-spheric, and oceanic systems. The third internal link is U.S. climate leadership.

U.S. commitment to satellites is key to sustaining monitoring efforts worldwide – NOAA sets quality standards and serves as a global model
(Lauren, writer for Scientific American and Senior Science columnist for Climate Central, "Budget Woes Halt Climate Monitoring at 12 Ground Stations," The Scientific American, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/budget-woes-halt-climate-monitoring-at-12-ground-stations/, 9/4/12, Accessed 6/25/14, arh) "The reality is that countries are making commitments that will cost millions, if AND based measurements of greenhouse gases has taken on new importance, experts said.
 * Morello ~’12**

Warming is the only existential risk
Deibel ~’07—Prof IR @ National War College (Terry, "Foreign Affairs Strategy: Logic for American Statecraft," Conclusion: American Foreign Affairs Strategy Today) Finally, there is one major existential threat to American security (as well as AND States, but potentially to the continued existence of life on this planet.

Growth has removed all motivation for escalatory wars – empirically proven
Gartzke 11 – Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of California, San Diego PhD from Iowa and B.A. from UCSF (Erik, "SECURITY IN AN INSECURE WORLD," www.cato-unbound.org/2011/02/09/erik-gartzke/security-in-an-insecure-world/) Almost as informative as the decline in warfare has been where this decline is occurring AND the consolidating forces of prosperity prevail, that war becomes a durable anachronism.

1AC Module
Satellites are critical to preventing disease outbreaks – ensure better modeling Ford et al. 09 – (Timothy E. Ford, PhD in Aquatic AND Imagery in Predicting Infectious Disease Outbreaks", September 2009, v.15) The scientific community has a relative consensus that epidemic and pandemic disease risks will be AND belief that a strong global satellite program is essential for future disease prediction.

The Arctic could be the reservoir for the next pandemic – meaning JPSS satellites in particular are key
The next flu pandemic may be hibernating in an Arctic glacier or frozen Siberian lake AND preliminary run turned up genetic sequences for what could be over 100 viruses.
 * Fox 9** (Douglas Fox – staff writer for Wired, "Flu Pandemics May Lurk in Frozen Lakes", Wired (5/20/09), http://www.wired.com/2009/05/iceplague // JJ)

Diseases in environmental reservoirs are uniquely able to cause extinction – your burnout arguments don~’t apply
In considering the importance of biological warfare as a¶ subject for concern it is AND for pathogenicity as a consequence of natural¶ evolution or bioengineering.
 * Casadevall 12** (Arturo Casadevall – Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Division of Infectious Diseases of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, "The future of biological warfare", Microbial Biotechnology (2012) // JJ)

Satellite environmental data can be used predict disease outbreaks
Rather than searching for weird weather or enemy missiles, some satellites are helping researchers AND has very important implications for tick-borne diseases, like Lyme disease."
 * Harmon 9** [Katherine Harmon writes for the Scientific American, "Satellites Used to Predict Infectious Disease Outbreaks", 8/24/09, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/satellites-predict-infectious-disease/]l.gong

Satellites can predict climate anomalies where disease epidemics will develop
Kalluri et al 7-Satya Kalluri, PhD in Geography and assistant research scientist at the Department of Geography at the University of Maryland; Peter Gilruth, PhD in Forestry and Forest Product Techniques and has over 20 years of experience as an environmental scientist and project manager and strategist with the US Government and the UN Development Programme (UNDP) and currently in the private sector where he collaborates closely with the US space agency NASA; David Rogers, PhD in Geological and Geotechnical Engineering and Professor at Missouri University of Science and Technology; Martha Szczur, writer of several books on pathogens and health geographics, 2007, "Surveillance of Arthropod Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases Using Remote Sensing Techniques: A Review," pdf available online: http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.ppat.0030116 Epidemiologists are adopting new remote sensing techniques to study a variety of vector-borne AND humans due to arthropod vectors and to identify future opportunities for further research.

Solvency
Observation 3 is Solvency:

Improved ocean observation is critical – it~’s the missing piece of the climate equation
Stillman 8- Director at Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (Fall 2008, vol 23, no 3, Imaging Notes, http://imagingnotes.com/go/article_free.php?mp_id=146) Hurricanes Gustav and Ike, like other natural disasters in recent years, demonstrated both AND can answer people~’s questions at the county and state level," he said.

Oceans are instrumental to exhibiting changes and influencing climate conditions
As described in Chapter I, the oceans represent, by far, the largest AND a larger amplitude in climate fluctuations in coming decades (Box 2_2L
 * Richardson et al. 11** [Katherine Richardson, 2011 Professor in Biological Oceanography at the University of Copenhagen. Climate change global risks, challenges and decisions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511973444] l.gong

U.S. leadership key to a global move towards renewables and increased efficiency
But Challenges Still Remain Collectively, though, these new initiatives, and the older AND America~’s hand in global energy markets is strengthening; time to play it.
 * Jones 5/28/14-Senior Fellow of Foreign Policy, Director of Project on International Order and Strategy (Bruce Jones, "American Leadership Required for Progress on Global Climate and Energy Governance", Brookings.edu,** http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/planetpolicy/posts/2014/05/28-american-leadership-global-climate-energy-jones**) //JL**

Satellites are key to monitoring treaty compliance
Fisk 9 – Lennard A. Fisk, Thomas M. Donahue Distinguished University Professor AND and Space Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation U.S. Senate

We also live in a world of challenges, one of the main ones being AND equally well in climate treaties as it did for treaties limiting nuclear weapons.

Sats monitoring effective implementation of emissions policies
Climate Wire 9 – March 4, 2009, "Aging climate satellites ~’a real problem~’, academy head tells Congress", Climate Wire, http://oco.jpl.nasa.gov/news/index.cfm?FuseAction=ShowNews%26NewsID=36

Want to know how quickly climate change will warm the Earth or how fast sea AND where are they going to happen?" ~’Climate measurements are hanging by a thread~’

====Must act now – some parts of the world are near a tipping point

The Guardian, March 28, 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/mar/28/ipcc-report-climate-change-report-human-natural-systems====

Climate change has already left its mark "on all continents and across the AND open to criticism that they are just trying to scare people to death."

2NR strategy: 1. Cap k against natural gas 2. Cap k against Arctic mapping 3. Mid terms against methane hydrates (TPA, impeachment)