Callie+&+Alan

This is an outline of the 1AC we've been reading. We often take out/ or add a card or two from round to round. Please email Alan (2A) at peck.alan1218@gmail.com if you have any questions.


 * 1AC**
 * Contention one is New Orleans –**


 * New Orleans still lacks mass transit evacuation plans – the carless will be trapped again. **
 * Renne et al. 08 ** – Renne is a PhD from the University of New Orleans, Sanchez is a PhD from the University of Utah, and Litman is a director at the Victoria Transport Policy Institute (John Renne, Thomas Sanchez, and Todd Litman, “National Study on Carless and Special Needs Evacuation Planning: A Literature Review”, October 2008, accessed 7/3/12)//BZ

__ The objective of this study is to ..... __ unless best practices can be understood and adopted widely (Jenkins, Laska and Williamson 2007).

(Keith Wailoo- B.A, 1984, Yale University; M.A., 1989, and Ph.D. (History and Sociology of Science), 1992, University of Pennsylvania; joint appointment: Associate Professor of History, Karen M. O’Neill- Karen M. O’Neill studies how land and water policies change the standing of program beneficiaries and experts and change government's claims to authority and power., Jeffrey Dowd- graduate student, Roland Anglin- Associate Research Professor; Director, Joseph C. Cornwall Center for Metropolitan Studies School of Public Affairs and Administration (SPAA) Rutgers University-Newark ; Katrina’s Imprint: Race and Vulnerability in America; 11/2010; pages 23-27) A landmark decision most known today for its application beyond transportation,...... __ expensve and difficult in many inner-city neighborhoods. __
 * The intersection of race and poverty and car-lessness made the aftermath of Katrina into an overwhelming display of institutional racism. Mass transportation is critical for evacuation**
 * Wailoo et al. 10**

__ The struggle against racism will be long, difficult, without intermission,...... __ __ True, it is a wager, but the stakes are irresistible. __
 * Our fight against this is key to our ethic**
 * Memmi** **00** Professor Emeritus of Sociology at the University of Paris (Albert, “RACISM”, translated by Steve Martinot, pp.163-165)


 * There is an infinite obligation for government action on Katrina**
 * Jorgenson 11** Hurricane Katrina: Humanitarian Obligations and Lessons Learned Ellen Jorgenson Case-Specific Briefing Paper Humanitarian Assistance in Complex Emergencies University of Denver 2011

According to Fred Cuny, __ the root cause of most disasters is poverty..... __**__ interpreted through policy and practice. __**


 * Thus the plan: The United States federal government should substantially increase its investment in evacuation transportation infrastructure in New Orleans.**


 * Contention Two is Ethics –**

Julie Sze is an assistant professor in American Studies at the University of California, Davis. Her forthcoming book on the culture, politics and history of environmental justice activism in New York City is under contract with MIT Press. It looks at the intersection of planning and health, especially through the prism of asthma, and at changes in garbage and energy systems as a result of privatization, globalization and deregulation. Toxic Soup Redux: Why Environmental Racism and Environmental Justice Matter after Katrina By Julie Sze Published on: Jun 11, 2006
 * Our ethic is one of environmental and racial justice – this is necessary to understand and rebuild Katrina.**
 * Sze 06**

Thus, __ the Gulf Coast region was, in many ways, “Ground Zero” of the environmental justice movement..... __ __ engaged with the toxic, environmental and disaster politics in the region. __


 * Environmental justice demands federal action; leaving policies up to local populations CREATES disasters as communities fail to live up to their obligations to the poor.**
 * Morse 2008** senior attorney with the Biloxi office of Mississippi Center for Justice; received Equal Justice Works Katrina Legal Fellowship; received Edwin D. Wolf Public Interest Law Award from the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law; co-founder of the Steps Coalition; Panelist for the Joint center for Political and Economic Studies, NAACP; published by the Joint Center For Political and Economic Studies

The __ American transportation model unfairly tends to burden minorities and the poor..... __
 * __ the right to return and to adequate interim care and treatment __**__ . 194 __

Darrell, professor of religious studies at the University of South Florida, The Ethical Challenge of Auschwitz and Hiroshima: Apocalypse or Utopia
 * Welcoming the Other is the only way to prevent apocalypse**
 * Fasching 93**

__ The apocalyptic threat __ of our time __ is that we shall be swallowed up in the abyss of the demonic. .... __ __ The apocalyptic threat __ of our time __ is that we shall be swallowed up in the abyss of the demonic. __

William Paul, current Associate Professor of Political Science at ASU, formerly at Bethany College in the Department of History and Political Science, “The Third: Levinas' theoretical move from an-archical ethics to the realm of justice and politics,” Philosophy & Social Criticism November 1, 1999 vol. 25 no. 6
 * Our obligation is to make the state ethical – the state is inevitability and the alternative to state ethics is the destruction of the other**
 * Simmons 99**

__ ince ‘it is impossible to escape the State __ ’, 70 __ Levinas insists that the state be made as ethical as possible. ....... __ __ Each of these principles, left to itself, only hastens the contrary of what it wants to secure. __

Lawrence, Professor in History of Medicine at the King’s University College at the University of Western Ontario, “Identifying concrete ethical demands in the face of the abstract other: Emmanuel Levinas’ pragmatic ethics”, Philosophy Social Criticism March 2008 vol. 34 no. 3
 * This ethic outweighs consequences**
 * Burns 08**

The link between the face of the other and the demand for justiﬁcation establishes the pragmatic character of Levinas’ ethics.... __ are repaired, revised, and justiﬁed, but only because of the subject’s assumption of responsibility for the other __.

Professor of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, previous professors at BU, Miami U, and Penn State (Henry, “Reading Hurricane Katrina: Race, Class, and the Biopolitics of Disposability”, accessed from JSTOR 7/1/12)//BZ
 * T****he 1AC is a pedagogical advocacy that opens up new opportunities for democratic deliberation and political action. A recognition of our obligations to the materially deprived helps to combat the biopolitics of disposability.**
 * Giroux, 2006**

__ Biopolitics is __ not just about the reduction of selected elements of the population to the necessities of bare life or worse; it is also potentially.... __, becomes cold and indifferent in the face of death. __


 * Structural harms outweigh all other considerations.**
 * Abu-Jamal 98** (Mumia, award-winning PA journalist, 9/19, []  )

__ We live __, equally immersed, and to a deeper degree, __ in a nation that condones and ignores ..... __ __ great and terrible violence passes away with them. __

Professor of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, previous professors at BU, Miami U, and Penn State (Henry, “Reading Hurricane Katrina: Race, Class, and the Biopolitics of Disposability”, accessed from JSTOR 7/1/12)//BZ
 * A federal response is the only ethical route. We need to recognize our collective responsibility to vulnerable populations.**
 * Giroux, 2006**

In a May 25, 2001 interview, Grover Norquist, head of the right...... __ an adequate emergency response plan in the event of a flood. __

PhD, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Philosophy, University of Cincinnati (Chris, Hypatia Fall 1996. Vol. 11, Issue 3, pg 30)
 * A crisis focused ethic is wrong – attention to isolated instances of warfare ignores the daily horrors of militarist exceptionalism. This is the precondition for any war to happen**
 * Cuomo 1996**

In "Gender and `Postmodern' War," Robin Schott introduces some of the ways in which __ war is..... __ __ what appears to be the inevitability of war and militarism. __