Victoria+&+Tati

**__1ac Warming __** *John Cook – Fellow @ Global Change Institute, produced climate communication resources adopted by organisations such as NOAA and the U.S. Navy **Dana Nuccitelli – MA in Physics @ UC-Davis** (“Quantifying the consensus on anthropogenic global warming in the scientific literature,” Environmental Research Letters, 8.2)//BB// //An accurate perception… __endorses the scientific consensus on AGW __. // //**Even if some warming is inevitable, keeping it below 4 degrees avoids the worst impacts **// //**Kim 12 ** – PhD in Anthropology @ Harvard, former president of Dartmouth, Now President of the World Bank // //(Jim Yong, “Turn Down the Heat,” p. ix) //BB __The 4°C scenarios are devastating __… The World Bank Group will step up to the challenge. (Jeffrey Mazo, Managing Editor, Survival and Research Fellow for Environmental Security and Science Policy at the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London, 3-2010, “Climate Conflict: How global warming threatens security and what to do about it,” pg. 122)//BB// //The best estimates for global warming … __ profound social, cultural and political changes __<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 6pt;">. // //**<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 13pt;">Independently, emissions cause ocean acidification – extinction **// //**<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 13pt;">Romm 12 **<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;">– physicist and climate expert, Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Senior Fellow at the Center for American Progress // //<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;">(Joseph J., “Science: Ocean Acidifying so fast that it threatens humanity’s ability to feed itself”, 3/2/12; http://earthlawcenter.org/news/headline/science-ocean-acidifying-so-fast-it-threatens-humanitys-ability-to-feed-itself/) // //__<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;">The world’s oceans may be turning acidic ____<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;"> … **We’re playing a very dangerous game** __<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 8pt;">.” // //**<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 13pt;">THE PLAN SOLVES **// //**<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 13pt;">US offshore wind development curbs carbon emissions **// //**<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 13pt;">Thaler 12 **<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;">- Professor of Energy Policy, Law & Ethics // //<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;">(Jeff, “FIDDLING AS THE WORLD BURNS: HOW CLIMATE CHANGE URGENTLY REQUIRES A PARADIGM SHIFT IN THE PERMITTING OF RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS,” 42 Environmental Law Journal 1101) //BB <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 5pt;">Unfortunately, __<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;">as __<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 5pt;"> the economic … likewise be shallow-water installations. <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;">(Thomas, et al, “From the 35th Public Land Law Conference: Balancing Act and Paradigm Shift: The Role of Public Lands in America's Energy Future: Oceans: Are Ocean Wind Turbines like Homesteads and Gold Mines and Railroads? A Public Lands Policy Question for the Climate Change Era,” 34 Pub. Land & Resources L. Rev. 93)//BB// //__<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;">The ocean wind resource … a tool to power our communities __<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 8pt;">. // //**<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 13pt;">Full-scale offshore wind would generate enough electricity for the entire country **// //**<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 13pt;">Levitan 13 **<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;"> - writes about energy, the environment, and health. His articles have been published by Scientific American, Discover, IEEE Spectrum, Grist, and others. In previous articles for Yale Environment 360, he has written about vehicle-to-grid technology for electric cars and cities' efforts to recycle food scraps and organic waste // //<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;">(Dave, “Will Offshore Wind Finally Take Off on U.S. East Coast?,” http://e360.yale.edu/feature/will_offshore_wind_finally_take_off_on_us_east_coast/2693/) //BB <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 8pt;">“ __<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;">The East Coast is the Saudi … that make development feasible __<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 8pt;">. <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;">(H. Hizam,M.Z.A. Ab Kadir,I. Aris,S.D. BubaElectrical & Electronic Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, “Mitigating the anthropogenic global warming in the electric power industry,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16.5)//BB// //<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 8pt;">5. Power industry's share of CO2 … the following subsections. // **__<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 16pt;">1ac Hegemony __** //**<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 13pt;">Fast growth promotes US leadership and solves great power war **// //**<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 13pt;">Khalilzad 11 **<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;"> – PhD, Former Professor of Political Science @ Columbia, Former ambassador to Iraq and Afghanistan // //<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;">(Zalmay Khalilzad was the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush and the director of policy planning at the Defense Department from 1990 to 1992. "The Economy and National Security" Feb 8 http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/259024/economy-and-national-security-zalmay-khalilzad) //BB <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 4pt;">Today, __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">economic __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 4pt;">and fiscal __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">trends pose ____<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">… ____<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> make aggressive moves in their regions __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 4pt;">. <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;">(Avery Goldstein, “Power transitions, institutions, and China's rise in East Asia: Theoretical expectations and evidence,” <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Cambria,serif; text-decoration: none;">Journal of Strategic Studies <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;">, Volume <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Cambria,serif; text-decoration: none;">30 <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;">, Issue <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Cambria,serif; text-decoration: none;">4 & 5 <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;">August, EBSCO) <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 8pt;">Two closely related, though distinct… __<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;"> the period prior to the possible crossover. __<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 8pt;">19 <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;">(William, “Unipolarity, Status Competition, and Great Power War” World Politics, 61:1, January, Project Muse) <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 6pt;"> Second, I question the dominant view … __<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;"> contradict their material interest in security and/or prosperity ____<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;">. __ <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;">(John Norton, “Solving the War Puzzle: Beyond the Democratic Peace,” pg. 41-43) <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 6pt;">If __<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;">major interstate war is __<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 6pt;"> …, dramatically increased or decreased? <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;">(Michael and Bruce Bailey, “Offshore development can yield economic benefits,” North American Wind Power, Fall 2010)//BB// //<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;">Economic opportunities // //__<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;">Wind power is a job-creation **engine** __<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 6pt;">… __<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;">number of projects on the East Coast __<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 6pt;">. // //**<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 13pt;">Even limited energy production leads to quick growth **// //**<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 13pt;">Sargent 12 **// //<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;">(Rob Sargent, U.S. Poised to Join the Race on Offshore Wind: Lawmakers Must Commit to More Pollution-Free Energy”, http://www.environmentamerica.org/news/ame/us-poised-join-race-offshore-wind) //BB <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;">The Turning Point for Atlantic Offshore .. source of reliable, clean energy. Cambridge University Press, [] .)
 * __ 1AC Plan __**
 * The United States federal government should provide a long-term Investment Tax Credit and one-stop permitting for ocean offshore wind energy development. **
 * <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 13pt;">Warming is anthropogenic – the most comprehensive data-sets are conclusive **
 * <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 13pt;">Green 13 **<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;"> – Professor of Chemistry @ Michigan Tech
 * Mark Richardson – PhD Candidate in Meteorology, et al.,
 * <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 13pt;">Catastrophic warming risks extinction **
 * <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 13pt;">Mazo 10 **<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;">– PhD in Paleoclimatology from UCLA
 * <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 13pt;">Offshore wind is comparatively the cleanest and most productive renewable energy **
 * <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 13pt;">Jensen 13 **<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;"> – partner in the Washington, DC office of Holland & Hart LLP
 * <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 13pt;">Electricity-emissions reductions sufficiently solve global warming **
 * <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 13pt;">Akorede 12 **<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;">- .F., Ph.D degree in Electrical Power Engineering from Universiti Putra Malaysia
 * <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 13pt;">Slow growth leads to hegemonic wars – relative gap is key **
 * <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 13pt;">Goldstein 7 **<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;">- Professor of Global Politics and International Relations @ University of Pennsylvania,
 * <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 13pt;">States will inevitably compete for relative status – only primacy can prevent conflict **
 * <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 13pt;">Wohlforth 9 **<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;">- Professor of government at Dartmouth
 * <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 13pt;">There are hundreds of causes of conflict – hegemony deters and controls escalation by internalizing costs **
 * <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 13pt;">Moore 4 **<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;">– Dir. Center for Security Law and Professor of Law @ University of Virginia, Editor of the American Journal of International Law
 * <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 13pt;">THE PLAN SOLVES **
 * <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 13pt;">Offshore wind promotes fast US growth **
 * <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 13pt;">N’dolo 10 **<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;"> – associate principal @ Camoin Associates
 * Technological superiority is the __lynchpin__ to maintaining hegemony **
 * Drezner 1 - (**Daniel, “State Structure, Technological Leadership and the Maintenance of Hegemony” Review of International Studies, Vol. 27, No. 1 (Jan., 2001), pp. 3-25, JSTOR,


 * __ The importance of economic growth __****__ … __** final section summarizes and concludes.

<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;">(Erica, “Turning Offshore Wind On,” California Law Review, 98.5)//BB <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;">Many of the most compelling benefits … __250,000 jobs__ by 2030.61
 * <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 13pt;">The plan solves unemployment and diversifies fuel sources **
 * <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 13pt;">Schroeder 10 **<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;"> – J.D @ Berkeley, M.E.M., Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies

**__<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 16pt;">1ac Solvency __**

A long-term investment tax credit __catapults__ the offshore wind industry – transitions the US to a green economy
Sopko 13 – JD, former legislative council @ House of Reps (Nancy, “Offshore Wind Needs a Boost from Congress,” http://oceana.org/en/blog/2013/11/offshore-wind-needs-a-boost-from-congress-0)//BB Like so many of us… the damage we have done.

99.7% of studies prove ITC increases net price value of offshore wind projects
Wyman, 2013, graduate student at the University of Texas (Constance, “Why The ITC Matters for Offshore Wind”, NA Wind Power, Volume 10, Number 6, http://www.nawindpower.com/issues/NAW1307/FEAT_03_Why_The_ITC_Matters_For_Offshore_Wind.html) Over the last few years, .. ITC is of greater value to the offshore wind industry

Only a federal __mandate__ can guarantee the expansion of wind energy
Schroeder, 10 --- J.D., University of California, Berkeley, School of Law (October 2010, Erica, California Law Review, “Turning Offshore Wind On,” Vol. 98, No, 5, Lexis, JMP) However, the Oceans Act … state and local decision making.

Offshore wind creates jobs and a new manufacturing and ship-building sector – boosts the economy
N’dolo 10 – associate principal @ Camoin Associates (Michael and Bruce Bailey, “Offshore development can yield economic benefits,” North American Wind Power, Fall 2010)//BB// //Economic opportunities// // Wind power is a job-creation // engine //. … provide installation capacity for a number of projects on the East Coast.

Reforming the permitting process is key – Massachusetts provides an opportune model for streamlined development
Kimmel *, and Stalenhoef**, 10-10- 2011 – *Commissioner of the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection** Counsel for the Massachusetts Department of Public Utilities [*Kenneth, *Dawn, “The Cape Wind Offshore Wind Energy Project: A Case Study of the Difficult Transition to Renewable Energy”, Golden Gate University Environmental Law Journal, Volume 5 Issue 1, http://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1073&context=gguelj] The Cape Wind saga … // for the types of reform that are needed. //

Long-term incentives ensure that the supply chain follows on – fed support key
Galluci 11 - Staff Reporter at InsideClimate News Honduras Contributor at Fodor's, Co-Editor & Reporter at The News, Newsroom Intern at Associated Press, Newsroom Intern at Columbus Business (Maria, “Never-Used Tax Credit Could Jumpstart US Offshore Wind Energy—if Renewed,” http://truth-out.org/news/item/4778:neverused-tax-credit-could-jumpstart-us-offshore-wind-energy%E2%80%94if-renewed) Matt Kaplan, a North American …in the United States," Grybowski said.

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