Jake+&+Mikey

=Affirmative=

1AC: Plan

 * The United States federal government should substantially increase its investment in high speed rail in the United States **.

Federal funding is empirically key to covering HSR upfront costs - $8 billion Recovery Act pledge is only a small fraction of what is needed

 * __Fleming, ’09 __**– Director of Physical Infrastructure Issues of the Government Accountability Office (“High Speed Passenger Rail: Effectively Using Recovery Act Funds for High Speed Rail Projects” Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Surface Transportation and Merchang Marine Infrastructure, Safety, and Security, Committee on Commerse, Science and Transportation, U.S. Senate, June 23 2009, p. 2-3, http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d09786t.pdf) // SP

Once projects are deemed economically viable, project sponsors face the challenging tasks of securing AND and the absence of an established institutional framework for coordination and decision making.

Evidence of peak oil is mounting –peak oil is already a reality in 61% of the oil-producing world

 * __Perl, ’10 __** – Director of Urban Studies Program at Simon Fraser University (Anthony, “Integrating HSR into North America’s Next Mobility Transition,” June 16, 2010, p. 13016, http://wagner.nyu.edu/rudincenter/publications/RCWP_Perl.pdf) // SP

Despite an ongoing debate regarding the exact timing of a peak in global oil production AND thus considerable likelihood of future price increases in transport fuels derived from oil.

Oil dependence will only grow in the coming decades and increasingly threatens to embroil the U.S. in future military conflicts – reducing dependence now is key
Collina 5  - Executive Director of 20-20 Vision [Tom Z. Collina, Executive Director of 20-20Vision; testimony in front of Committee on Foreign Relations Subcommittee on Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs United States Senate “Oil Dependence and U.S. Foreign Policy: Real Dangers, Realistic Solutions”. October 19, 2005 []] More conflicts in the Middle East America imports almost 60% of its oil today AND <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">take a giant step toward that goal by reducing our dependence onoil.

Oil wars lead to extinction
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">Stephen Lendman <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;"> (Research Associate of the Centre for Research on Globalization) 2007 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;"> “Resource Wars - Can We Survive Them” http://www.rense.com/general76/resrouce.htm <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">With the world's energy supplies finite <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">, the US heavily dependent on imports, and <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">AND <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">, or at least a big part of it, would have survived.

Eliminating foreign oil is unnecessary for independence - we need only reduce imports to where oil has little to no effect on economic or military policy
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">Benjamin K. __ Sovacool, ’07 __ - <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">(an Assistant Professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National University of Singapore. He is also a Research Fellow in the Energy Governance Program at the Centre on Asia and Globalization) 2007 “Oil Independence Possible for U.S. by 2030” http://scitizen.com/authors/Benjamin-K.-Sovacool-a-899_s_08b456d033fcee27acbc8caf208135e8.html

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Oil independence is possible <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;"> for the U.S. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">if <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;"> comprehensive and aggressive energy <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">AND <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">for tire inflation and reduce oil consumption in other sectors of the economy.

Shifting away from oil in the next 10 years is key and HSR is the only realistic option for doing so – key to avoiding a global economic collapse and an oil war

 * __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Perl 11 __**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">(Anthony, Director of Urban Studies Program at Simon Fraser University, interviewed by Mark a staff writer for CNN.com, “How green is high-speed rail?” http://www.cnn.com/2011/11/18/world/how-green-is-hsr/index.html Nov 19)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Grid-connected traction offers the only realistic option for significantly reducing oil use in <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">AND <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">Shinkansen, in 1964, the utility of electric trains was greatly extended.

Reducing oil dependence would be the single greatest multiplier of U.S. power in the world
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">If I could change one thing about American foreign policy, what would it be <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">AND <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">and yachts.) Ditto for other corrupt, quasi-feudal oil states.
 * __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Zakaria 5 __**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">, host of CNN’s flagship international affairs program—Fareed Zakaria GPS, Editor at Large of TIME, a Washington Post columnist, and a New York Times bestselling author, (Fareed, “ Mile by Mile, Into the Oil Trap”, The Washington Post, August 23, 2005, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/08/22/AR2005082201114.html)//AG

Heg de-escalates great power conflict – uniquely better than multipolarity
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">Robert Kagan <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;"> (Senior Associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and Senior Transatlantic Fellow at the German Marshall Fund) 2007 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;"> “End of Dreams, Return of History,” Hoover Institution, No. 144, August/September, http://www.hoover.org/publications/policy-review/article/6136 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 7pt;"> The jostling for status and influence among these ambitious nations and would-be <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 7pt;">AND <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">new instability, one likely to draw the United States back in again <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">.

HSR is the single most powerful thing we can do to get the U.S. off oil – combination of renewable sources can be used for power

 * __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">USHSR 10 __**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">(The US High Speed Rail Association is the leading company in the study of HSR. “Energy Security”, October 24th, 2010, [])

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Building an electrically-powered national high speed rail network across America is the single <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">AND <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">with our sprawling community designs that force people into cars for every trip.

__ Deibel 7 __ (Terry L, Professor of IR @ National War College, “Foreign Affairs Strategy: Logic for American Statecraft”, Conclusion: American Foreign Affairs Strategy Today)
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">Finally, <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">there is one major existential threat <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;"> to American security (as well as <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">AND <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">States, but potentially <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">to the continued existence of life on this planet.

Warming is likely to be rapid, and even in the best-case scenario the effects of will be catastrophic without severe reductions in emission
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 13pt;">Mazo 10 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;"> – PhD in Paleoclimatology from UCLA, Jeffrey Mazo, Managing Editor, Survival and Research Fellow for Environmental Security and Science Policy at the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London, 3-2010, “Climate Conflict: How global warming threatens security and what to do about it,” pg. 122

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">The best estimates for global warming to the end of the centuryrange from 2 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">AND <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">adaptation to these extremes would mean profound social, cultural and political changes.

Fast warming causes extinction – adaptation would be impossible
Tickell 8 (Oliver Tickell is an environmental Researcher. He is the founder of the Kyoto2 climate initiative, a researcher of the Oxford Climate Associates and specialized in international climate policy. Published August 11th, 2008 ( [])

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">We need to get prepared for four degrees of global warming, Bob Watson [ <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">AND <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">warming caused by human emissions could propel us towards a similar hothouse Earth.

Simply completing all the proposed HSR projects would result in substantial GHG reduction
**__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">CCAP 6 __**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">, Center for Clean Air Policy, (Center for Green air Policy, “ High Speed Rail and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the U.S”, Article itself is a publication, January 2006, <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">[|http://www.cnt.org/repository/HighSpeedRailEmissions.pdf] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">[|)//AG] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">To estimate high speed rail’s net emissions impact,we calculated the carbon dioxide( <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">AND <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">California’s could prove the value of faster trains with higher upfront capital costs.

HSR removes 6 billion pounds of CO2 per year and helps meet the 2020 emissions standards even at only partial capacity

 * __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">APTA 12 __**<span style="color: #222222; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;"> – American Public Transportation Association, non-profit organization which serves as an advocate for the advancement of public transportation programs and initiatives in the United States; educated the public about the benefits of public transportation through organized bus, light rail, rapid transit and other programs; lobbies the U.S. Congress and local government bodies in favor of public transportation improvements and new developments. (January, An Inventory of the Criticisms ofHigh-Speed Rail, __http://www.apta.com/resources/reportsandpublications/Documents/HSR-Defense.pdf__<span style="color: #222222; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">) // AG

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">The issue of the carbon footprint is a collateral benefit. Emissions from trains, <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">AND <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">— resulting in a reduction of one million metric tons of CO2 equivalent.

Governmental leadership on climate is key to reverse negative perceptions of the US
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Joseph S. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 13pt;">Nye <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">, Jr 20 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 13pt;">04 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">- Dean of the John F. Kennedy School of Government, former Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs, Chair of the National Intelligence Council, and Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Security Assistance, Science and Technology (“Soft Power and American Foreign Policy,” Political Science Quarterly, http://www.pols.boun.edu.tr/uploads%5Cfiles%5C1104.pdf) Some domestic policies, such as capital punishment and the absence of gun controls, AND to show that this is a partnership built on persuasion, not command.”

US expansion of its clean energy sector spills over globally
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">In addition to supporting domestic job creation, clean energy is an important and fastest <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">AND <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">and <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;"> the <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">actions of <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;"> a number of <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">emerging economies to ‘go green’.
 * __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Kammen __****__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">, Professor of Public Policy @ UC Berkeley, __****__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">7 __**__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">( __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">Daniel, "Green Jobs Created by Global Warming Initiative," September 25th, http://www.unep.org/civil_society/GCSF9/pdfs/karmen-senate.pdf)

HSR is empirically profitable but public funding is essential to getting the system up and running – New Jersey, France, and Spain prove

 * __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">American Public Transportation Association, ’12 __**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;"> – non-profit that advocates for the advancement of public transportation programs in the U.S. ( “An Inventory of the Criticisms of High-Speed Rail: with Suggested Responses and Counterpoints,” January 2012, p. 8, http://www.apta.com/resources/reportsandpublications/Documents/HSR-Defense.pdf) // SP

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">As to the French TGV and the Japanese Shinkansen, there have been many valuable <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">AND <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Tokyo to Osaka—have covered their initial costs of construction through fares __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">. __

HSR will be vastly superior to Amtrak – and even its ridership numbers are on the rise

 * __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">American Public Transportation Association, ’12 __**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;"> – non-profit that advocates for the advancement of public transportation programs in the U.S. ( “An Inventory of the Criticisms of High-Speed Rail: with Suggested Responses and Counterpoints,” January 2012, p.18-19, http://www.apta.com/resources/reportsandpublications/Documents/HSR-Defense.pdf) // SP

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">In attacking Amtrak, two of Mr. Samuelson’s main complaints were that: ( <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">AND <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 8pt;">1 percent, and long-distance trains up 5.6 percent.

O’Toole grossly exaggerates HSR’s costs – he is a car-subsidy shill
<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 8pt;">“Federal taxpayers can’t afford high-speed rail in California or anywhere else. <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 8pt;">AND <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 12pt;">things in a high cost direction. <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 8pt;"> But let’s stick with the trillion.
 * __<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif;">Yglesias 10 __**<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 8pt;">(Matthew us a staff writer for thinkprogress.org. “HSR Opponents Make the Case for High-Speed Rail” http://thinkprogress.org/yglesias/2010/11/02/198969/hsr-opponents-make-the-case-for-high-speed-rail/?mobile=nc Nov 2, 2010) CANOVA

Obama’s scattershot approach to HSR gutted its potential – focusing on the Northeast Corridor is key
__<span style="color: #2a2a2a; font-family: Cambria,serif;">All of the comments so far have missed the central point in the high __ __<span style="color: #2a2a2a; font-family: Cambria,serif;">AND __ <span style="color: #2a2a2a; font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 8pt;">the Committee will hold a hearing specifically to review this project next week.
 * __<span style="color: #2a2a2a; font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif;">Orski, 12 __**<span style="color: #2a2a2a; font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> - Publisher, Innovation Briefs (Ken, “The merits of HSR are not the issue” 1/19, <span style="color: #246ac8; font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">[|http://transportation.nationaljournal.com/2012/01/highspeed-rail-in-a-coma.php#comments] <span style="color: #2a2a2a; font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">)

Demonstration project gets policymakers on board – Germany proves there is an alternative to the all-or-nothing approach
<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 13pt;">Perl 2002 <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 8pt;"> [Anthony Perl is Director of the Urban Studies Program at Simon Fraser University in Vancouver, British Columbia and has been awarded prizes for outstanding papers presented at the World Conference on Transport Research and the Canadian Transportation Research Forum. He has advised governments in Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, and the United States on transportation and environmental research and policy development, and currently chairs the Intercity Passenger Rail committee of the U.S. Transportation Research Board, a division of the National Research Council. “New Departures: Rethinking Rail Passenger Policy in the Twenty-First Century”, 2/8/08, pg. 33-35]//DLi

<span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 8pt;">The <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 12pt;">ICE project represented only a partial reinvention of the passenger train <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 8pt;">, compared to <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 8pt;">AND <span style="font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 8pt;">ambitious, and ultimately unsuccessful, initiative to deploy magnetically levitated transportation domestically.

=Negative= T-no military <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">*Dr. Martin Regalia was involved in reviewing and guiding the development of the <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">AND <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">purpose. __<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">Transportation modes include highway, rail, air, and marine. __
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Interpretation- Transportation infrastructure is the systems that allow people or goods to flow **
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Chamber of Commerce 10 **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;"> TRANSPORTATION PERFORMANCE INDEX: COMPLETE TECHNICAL REPORT Measuring and Benchmarking Infrastructure Performance TRANSPORTATION INDEX LET’S REBUILD AMERICA US Chamber of Commerce September 19, 2010 BK

__<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">Virilio K __
The drive to improve transportation infrastructure is rooted in a worship of speed—time conquers space as we seek endless acceleration which dissolves politics **Virilio, 1997** – Professor of Philosophy at the European Graduate School (Paul, Open sky, verso, [|print,] 81-83) //BZ But let us get back to Europe’s great engineering projects and the political significance of AND to enable messages instantaneously trans-mitted long-distance to be connected.

Our worship of acceleration makes a catastrophic Accident inevitable—the politics of speed turn the case and guarantee war and extinction ** Sykes, 2009 ** – graduate student at the university of north texas (Jason, “Paul Virilio’s critique of speed, technology, and institutions”, pdf available online) //BZ In Virlio’s view, the war machine is the demiurge of technological development and a n AND We must politicize speed. (Virilio, 1983, pg. 35)”

The alternative is to brake—academic discussions must slow down and critically investigate the politics of speed before we come to a decision. Your responsibility as an intellectual is to vote negative to foster democratic engagement and not rush to judgment __The goal then is__ thus __to politicize the military, to politicize war, to__ __AND__ __cycle of reinforcement between speed, war and the (Globalitarian) state__.
 * Glezos 2009 ** - Ph.D. in political theory and international relations from Johns Hopkins University, now works in the department of political science at University of Regina ( [|Simon], “ The politics of speed: Capitalism, the state and war in an accelerating world” [dissertation] pg. 93-94) //BW

**Lost CP**

 * Text: The United States Senate should ratify the United Nations Law of the Sea convention**

__Accession to the longstanding United Nations Law of the Sea Convention will have a positive__ __AND__ Sea Convention and in asking for your advice and consent,” he said.
 * Law of the Sea is key to U.S naval power credibility maritime force.**
 * Department of Defense, 12** (“Winnefeld: Time for U.S. to Join Law of Sea Convention,” The Maritime Executive, June 15th 2012, [] )//AS

Carmen et al. 10 [Herbert Carmen, Senior Military Fellow at Center for A New American Strategy, Christine Parthemore was a Fellow at CNAS, directed the Natural Security Program, Adjunct Professor in Johns Hopkins University's Global Security Studies Program, Will Rogers is the Bacevich Fellow at CNAS, "BROADENING HORIZONS: CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE U.S. ARMED FORCES," 4/28/12, http://www.cnas.org/files/documents/publications/CNAS_Broadening%20Horizons_Carmen%20Parthemore%20Rogers.pdf] //SH Ratifying the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea ( UNCLOS ) is perhaps AND UNCLOS therefore protects and adds certainty to U.S. economic interests.
 * $1.2 trillion dollars of resources – only ratifying gives us access**

UNCLOS key to hegemony – countries model our refusal Smith 11 [Reginald, Militray Professor in National Security Studies, Colonel, Masters in National Security and strategic Studies from U.S. Naval War College, "The Arctic A New Partnership Paradigm or Next 'Cold War'?", 2011, pdf]//SH The significance of the declaration is paramount to cooperation in that UNCLOS provides the international AND in the region are those available through military collaboration of the Arctic nations.

The bill’s moving forward, but faces an uphill battle – continued political pressure from Obama key
Martinez and Cox, 7/26 – staff writers for The Hill (Jennifer and Ramsey, “Senate advances bill to bolster cybersecurity defenses in 84-11 vote”, The Hill, 7/26/12, [] ) // EK The Senate agreed on Thursday to move forward with Sen. Joe Lieberman's (I  AND  also included language from earlier cybersecurity bills that had passed out of committee.

Transportation spending unpopular __ Newman ’11 __ <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">(Rick Newman, Chief business correspondent US News and World Report, September 9, 2011, US News, <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">)

No industry has suffered more than construction, with nearly two million workers losing their AND to tangible results makes this kind of spending unpopular among many in Congress.

Failure to pass legislation means cyber-terrorism goes nuclear and guts vital infrastructure, turning case
Ken 10 (writer for modern survival blog, Ausbry Ken, “Cyber Terrorism-Nuclear Power plants-Grids”, October 18th 2010, [|http://modernsurvivalblog.com/nuclear/cyber-terrorism-nuclear-power-plants-grid///DG] )

The recent discovery of the “Stuxnet” computer worm cyber-weapon, apparently

AND

consider our own survival plans in this rapidly changing world of uncertain times.

Nuclear terrorism will cause global nuclear war, leading to extinction
Sid-Ahmed, Egyptian political analyst for the Al-Ahram newspaper, 2004:

(Mohamed Sid-Ahmed, Egyptian political analyst for the Al-Ahram newspaper, Al-Ahram online, August 26, 2004,http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/705/op5.htm)

What would be **__the consequences of__****__a nuclear attack by terrorists__** ? Even if it

AND


 * __. When nuclear pollution infects the whole planet,__** __we will all be losers__