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 * Plan: ****The United States federal government should normalize its trade relations with Cuba. **

**First is leadership --- it’s unsustainable without a highly visible commitment to multilateralism **
====**Lake, 10 **– Professor of Social Sciences, distinguished professor of political science at UC San Diego (David A., “Making America Safe for the World: Multilateralism and the Rehabilitation of US authority”, [] )//NG// ====

//**The plan is a powerful symbol of that commitment **//
====//**Burgsdorff, 9– **Ph. D in Political Science from Freiburg University, EU Fellow at the University of Miami (Sven Kühn von, “Problems and Opportunities for the Incoming Obama Administration”, [|__http://aei.pitt.edu.proxy.lib.umich.edu/11047/1/vonBurgsdorfUSvsCubalong09edi.pdf__]) //NG====

**The plan establishes a model for hemispheric diplomacy that sustains US multilateral leadership --- the alternative is unilateral militarism **
====**Grandin 10 ** – teaches history at New York University and is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (Greg, “Empire's Senescence: U.S. Policy in Latin America,” //New Labor Forum//, 19:1, Winter 2010, pg. 14-23)//SJF ====

====Effective engagement is key to reaffirm US influence in Latin America--only a perception of renewed commitment will counter the presence of China and other rising powers ==== ====**Sabatini and Berger 12, **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;"> Christopher Sabatini is editor-in-chief of Americas Quarterly and senior director of policy at Americas Society/Council of the Americas. Ryan Berger is a policy associate at the Americas Society/Council of the Americas(Christopher/Ryan, "Why the U.S. can't afford to ignore Latin America" 6/13/12, CNN/Global Public Square, http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2012/06/13/why-the-u-s-cant-afford-to-ignore-latin-america/)//AD ====

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The plan sends a clear signal to improve Latin American relations
====**<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">White, 13 **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">-Senior fellow at the Center for International Policy and former U.S. ambassador to Paraguay and El Salvador (Robert, “After Chávez, a Chance to Rethink Relations With Cuba”, New York Times, 3/7/13, <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">[] ====

**<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Reliance on unilateralism will collapse US leadership and cause global wars with weapons of mass destruction **
====**<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Montalván, 10 **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;"> - a 17-year veteran of the U.S. Army including multiple combat tours in Iraq, master's of science from Columbia University's Graduate School of Journalism (Luis, “Multilateralism is Essential for Peace in the 21st Century” Huffington Post, 4/23, <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">[] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">) ====

**<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Multilateralism solves war **
====**<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Dyer ‘4 **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">– independent journalist, cites Frans de Waal, Ph. D in biology, works at Yerkes National Primate Center (Gwynne, “The End of War: Our Task Over the Next Few Years is to Transform the World of Independent States into a Genuine Global Village”, <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">[|http://www.commondreams.org/views04/1230-05.htm)//NG] ====

====**<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Any step short of **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">unconditional removal **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> means won’t create the same symbol of multilateralism **====

**<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Vivanco 6 **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">- LLM from Harvard Law School, Americas director of Humans Rights Watch
====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">(Jose Miguel, “Restraint, not force, will bring change to Cuba”, humans rights watch, 12/22/06, <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">[] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">, google scholar)//KW// ====

//**<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Scenario 2 is conflict resolution --- the plan creates a credible model for it --- specifically resolves Mideast and Kashmir war. **//
====//**<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Dickerson 10 **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">– Lieutenant Colonel, US Army, paper submitted in fulfillment of a Master of Strategic Studies Degree at the US Army War College (Sergio M, “UNITED STATES SECURITY STRATEGY TOWARDS CUBA,” 1/14/10, http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a518053.pdf) //SJF====

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Mideast war causes __extinction__
====**<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Stirling 11 **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">, hereditary Governor & Lord Lieutenant of Canada, Lord High Admiral of Nova Scotia, & B.Sc. in Pol. Sc. & History; M.A. in European Studies, “General Middle East War Nears - Syrian events more dangerous than even nuclear nightmare in Japan”, <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">[] ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">Any Third Lebanon… the Biblical <span style="background-color: #00ffff; font-family: Georgia,serif;">Armageddon <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">. ====

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">It’s uniquely likely
====**<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Ferguson 7 **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;"> – Professor of History @ Harvard University [Niall, 6/17, <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">[] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">, CMR] ====

__<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Rationality __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> doesn’t check.
====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 13pt;">Beck 13 <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">– Middle East Analyst at TheCommentator (Noah, “A nuclear Middle East is doomsday, 5/28/13, <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">[|http://www.thecommentator.com/article/3633/a_nuclear_middle_east_is_doomsday)//SJF] ====

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Current conflict resolution in Kashmir is __ineffective__—new international action is key to prevent nuclear conflict
====**<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Zargar 13 **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">– Middle East reporter, Greater Kashmir News (Abdul Majid, “Kashmir Vs Global Community,” 6/7/13, <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">[|http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/2013/Jun/8/kashmir-vs-global-community-57.asp)//SJF] ====

__<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Water disputes __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> make escalation uniquely probable
====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 13pt;">Overdorf 9 <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;"> – Indian analyst for GlobalPost (Jason, “The coming war for water,” 9/21/9, <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">[] ====

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The plan will spur political reform and normalization of relations—it also restores U.S. credibility
====**<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Perez, 10 **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">­– JD, Yale Law (David, “America's Cuba Policy: The Way Forward: A Policy Recommendation for the U.S. State Department” 13 Harv. Latino L. Rev. 187, Spring, lexis) ====

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">monocultures, pesticides, soil depletion, climate change, pollinators, peak oil and declining yields
====**<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Peters, 10 **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">– LL.M. expected 2011, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010, University of Oregon School of Law (Kathryn, “Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution” J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION [Vol. 25, 203, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf) ====

**<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Cuba’s model of urban agriculture is a sustainable alternative **
====**<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Peters, 10 **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">– LL.M. expected 2011, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010, University of Oregon School of Law (Kathryn, “Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution” J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION [Vol. 25, 203, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf) ====

**<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The plan jumpstarts US investment in Cuban organoponics – causing a widespread global urban agricultural revolution **
====**<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Shkolnick, 12 **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">- J.D. Candidate, Drake University Law School (Jacob, “SIN EMBARGO: n1 THE CUBAN AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND WHAT IT MEANS FOR THE UNITED STATES” 17 Drake J. Agric. L. 683, Fall, lexis) ==== ====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">VI. New Opportunities¶ While investment… <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">agriculture to flourish <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">. ====

**<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">This prevents the collapse of US agriculture and extinction **
====**<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Peters, 10 **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">– LL.M. expected 2011, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010, University of Oregon School of Law (Kathryn, “Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution” J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION [Vol. 25, 203, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf) ====

====**<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Access to the **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">US export market **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> is key to the viability of the Cuban model **==== ====**<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Kost, 4 **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;"> – agricultural economist, Specialty Crops Branch, Economic Research. Service, US Department of Agriculture (William, “CUBAN AGRICULTURE: TO BE OR NOT TO BE ORGANIC?” ==== ====<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">[] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;">) ====