Suneed


 * The United States federal government should substantially increase its investment in regulated backbone carbon pipeline infrastructure in the United States. **

Carbon regulation is coming and CCS technology is advancing – facilitating regulated transportation infrastructure is key to jump-starting the commercial industry
Zarraby 12 - chemical engineer for the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, JD expected from GWU in 2012 Cyrus, “Note: Regulating Carbon Capture and Sequestration: A Federal Regulatory Regime to Promote the Construction of a National Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Network,” 80 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 950, Lexis Rising food prices, 1 mass migration , 2 new endangered .... construction of new CO<2> pipelines. 17

The entire project depends on a national network for pipeline infrastructure
IRGC 8 International Risk Governance Council, “Regulation of Carbon Capture and Storage,” http://www.irgc.org/IMG/pdf/Policy_Brief_CCS.pdf Large-scale CCS deployment // cannot proceed // until .... u ltimate organisational structure of the CCS industry.

The federal government is key
Horne 10 – JD @ U of Utah Jennifer, “Getting from Here to There: Devising an Optimal Regulatory Model for CO<2> Transport in a New Carbon Capture and Sequestration Industry,” 30 J. Land Resources & Envtl. L. 357, Lexis Siting regulations affect companies' ... circumstances, a uniform set of requirements for access will be far more workable.

“Building Essential Infrastructure for Carbon Capture and Storage,” Report to the Global Carbon Capture and Storage Institute, http://cdn.globalccsinstitute.com/sites/default/files/publications/13361/development-carbon-capture-and-storage-infrastructure.pdf This has ramifications for investment in CCS ... __ a ** substantial contribution ** from the public sector __.
 * Significant and immediate government investment is key **
 * Insight Economics 11 **

Absent federal funding, companies will inevitably build point-to-point
Chrysostomidis et al. 9 – Ioannis Chrysostomidis and Paul Zakkour, Environemtal Resources Management; Mark Bohm and Eric Beynon, Suncor Energy; Renato de Filippo, Eni SpA; Arthur Lee, Chevron Corporation (“Assessing issues of financing a CO2 transportation pipeline infrastructure” Energy Procedia Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages 1625–1632, February 2009, http://www.sciencedirect.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/science/article/pii/S1876610209002148)//MR
 * For carbon dioxide capture and geologic storage ... **** have the same capacity utilization risk. **

That drives up costs, delays the project, and doesn’t store enough CO2
National Grid 12 – international electricity and gas company and one of the largest investor-owned energy companies in the world (“The benefits of a clustered carbon capture and storage system over point-to-point” National Grid, 2012, [|http://www.nationalgrid.com/uk/EnergyandServices/NonRegs/CCS/ClusteringBenefits/#header)//MR]


 * __ A shared pipeline system can __** very **__effectively ...__** **__ point-to-point solutions may be too expensive. __**

Federal lands are key to accelerate deployment of CCS
Grant 9 - Physical Scientist Office of Systems, Analyses, and Planning @ DoE Tim, “Storage of Captured Carbon Dioxide Beneath Federal Lands,” Dept of Energy, http://www.netl.doe.gov/energy-analyses/pubs/Fed%20Land_403.01.02_050809.pdf A global effort is underway to assess storage potential for... for __early large-scale demonstration projects that will help__ **__ accelerate __**__ commercial deployment of CCS technology __.


 * Economy**

Carbon sequestration is key to averting negative economic consequences of carbon regulations EPA 10 – US Environmental Protection Agency “Report of the Interagency Task Force on Carbon Capture and Storage,” http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/downloads/CCS-Task-Force-Report-2010.pdf While CCS can be applied to a variety of stationary sources ... creation of new technologies for export.

Having coal as a utility option is key – any alternative drastically increases consumer energy costs
Zarraby 12 - chemical engineer for the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, JD expected from GWU in 2012 Cyrus, “Note: Regulating Carbon Capture and Sequestration: A Federal Regulatory Regime to Promote the Construction of a National Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Network,” 80 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 950, Lexis In the United States, coal-fired power generation ... associated with electricity generation.

This collapses all major sectors of the economy
Rose and Wei 6 - * Professor of Energy, Environmental and Regional Economics, **Graduate Assistant in the Department of Geography at the Pennsylvania State University Adam and Dan, “The Economic Impacts of Coal Utilization and Displacement in the Continental United States, 2015,” http://www.americaspower.org/sites/all/themes/americaspower/images/pdf/penn-state-study.pdf We performed our analysis with the aid of an interindustry... " // multiplier // " effects throughout the U.S. economy.

Nuclear war
Harris and Burrows 9 Mathew, PhD European History @ Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer is a member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis” [] Increased Potential for Global Conflict... within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world.

Independently, the plan is a key fiscal stimulus
ACCCE 11 American Coalition for Clean Coal Energy, “American Coalition for Clean Coal Electricity,” http://www.compasscoal.com/blog/ The United States continues to be ... // dollar // the government invests.

That’s key to faster growth
Applebaum 12 - *PhD, Professor @ Rutgers, senior economist at the Center for Economic and Policy Research Eileen, 4-27, “Blame Budget Austerity for Poor GDP Growth,” http://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/economic-intelligence/2012/04/27/blame-budget-austerity-for-poor-gdp-growth As the Obama administration's 2009 stimulus ... policies. It // should not choose // austerity.

Even absent a recession, slow growth leads to global wars
Khalilzad 11 – PhD, Former Professor of Political Science @ Columbia, Former ambassador to Iraq and Afghanistan Zalmay Khalilzad was the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush and the director of policy planning at the Defense Department from 1990 to 1992. "The Economy and National Security" Feb 8 www.nationalreview.com/blogs/print/259024

Today, economic and fiscal trends pose the most severelong... make aggressive moves in their regions. .


 * Warming**

Global warming is real and human induced – top climate scientists agree
Anderegg et al 10 – PhD Candidate @ Stanford in Biology William, “Expert credibility in climate change,” National Academy of Sciences, p. 12107-12109 Preliminary reviews of scientific literature and surveys of cli- mate scientists... forums regarding anthropogenic climate change ..

Warming is an existential risk – quickening reductions is key to avoiding extinction
Mazo 10 – PhD in Paleoclimatology from UCLA

The best estimates for global warming ... profound social, cultural and political changes.

Carbon sequestration is key
Mack and Endemann 10 - *partner in the Houston office and global Chair of the Environmental Transactional Support Practice, provides over 25 years of experience advising on the transactional, environmental and regulatory issues associated with all sectors of the oil and gas industry, power (including both fossil and renewable energy), mining and chemical industries in the United States and abroad, in addition to the development, financing and entitlements for telecommunications and other industrial and public infrastructure facilities in the United States and offshore, **JD, Faculty @ USD Law, provides comprehensive environmental counseling on energy and infrastructure projects, and represents clients in related litigation Joel and Buck, “Making carbon dioxide sequestration feasible: Toward federal regulation of CO2 sequestration pipelines,” Energy Policy, http://lw.com/upload/pubContent/_pdf/pub3385_1.pdf At present, approximately 50% of the United States’ ... medium-term // impacts // from global climate change. 8.

CCS solves and immediate action is necessary
Rogers 7 - *CEO of Duke Energy James, “SENATE ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC WORKS COMMITTEE,” http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Files.View&FileStore_id=96b0a903-32fc-47f8-9a36-b4ddd9805e2b Carbon capture and storage ( CCS ) for coal-fired power plants is a // critical technology... // receive a // great deal // more attention and resources.

Unmitigated carbon emissions cause extinction **.**
 * Romm 12** – Joe Romm is a Fellow at American Progress and is the editor of Climate Progress, “Science: Ocean Acidifying So Fast It Threatens Humanity’s Ability to Feed Itself,” 3/2/2012, http://thinkprogress.org/romm/2012/03/02/436193/science-ocean-acidifying-so-fast-it-threatens-humanity-ability-to-feed-itself/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+climateprogre

__ The world’s oceans may be turning acidic faster __ today ... __ some plankton need for reef and shell-building. __

CCS is a critical bridge to a broader portfolio of sustainable energy
Forbes et al 8 - senior associate at the World Resources Institute, former member of the National Energy Technology Laboratory Sarah, CCS Guidelines: Guidelines for Carbon Dioxide Capture, Transport, and Storage, World Resources Institute, http://pdf.wri.org/ccs_guidelines.pdf

Scenarios for stabilizing climate-forcing emissions suggest ... // bridge // to a sustainable energy future ..

Only the plan is modeled – China, India, Brazil, and other countries won’t cut emissions unless they can avoid economic cost
Apt et al 7 – PhD in Physics @ MIT, Professor of Technology, Tepper School of Business and Engineering and Public Policy Jay, “Incentives for Near-Term Carbon Dioxide Geological Sequestration,” Carnegie Mellon, http://wpweb2.tepper.cmu.edu/ceic/pdfs_other/Incentives_for_Near-Term_Carbon_Dioxide_Geological_Sequestration.pdf

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ... 2005 U.S. economy are shown in figure 28 below.