GaoShan

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 * Text: The United States federal government should substantially increase its United States – Mexico North American Development Bank border transportation infrastructure investment **

__1AC__
**__ADV 1: Relations __**

Summary The depth of economic ties with Mexico, together with declines in illegal immigration AND Dakota, New Hampshire, and Georgia, to name just a few.
 * The plan revitalizes US-Mexico relations - Infrastructure is key **
 * Selee and Wilson, 12 **– Andrew, Vice President for Programs and Senior Advisor to the Mexico Institute at the Wilson Center, Christopher, associate with the Mexico Institute (“A New Agenda with Mexico,” Wilson Center, November 2012, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/a_new_agenda_with_mexico.pdf)

The new administrations begin working together at a time of considerable optimism in the relationship AND investment from both sides in terms of resources, time and political will.
 * Economic focus is key to relations – solves Central American stability and Mexican leadership **
 * Wood and Wilson, 13 **– Duncan, director of the Mexico Institute at the Woodrow Wilson Center for International Scholars, and Christopher, associate with the Mexico Institute (“New Ideas for a New Era: Policy Options for the Next Stage in U.S.-Mexico Relations,” Wilson Center, January 2013, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/new_ideas_us_mexico_relations.pdf)

The United States and Mexico have enjoyed a very healthy and respectful relationship. On AND relationship to a more strategic level—but it will take some work. As Mexico’s security crisis begins to recede, the two countries will also have to AND active collaboration as growing economic opportunities reshape the region’s political and social landscape.
 * Perception key to access the strategic parts of the relationship **
 * Garza, 12/3/12 **– Antonio, Former U.S. Ambassador to Mexico (“A first step is to get rid of outdated perceptions—on both sides,” Americas Society/Council of the Americas, @http://www.as-coa.org/articles/viewpoints-what-should-top-priority-be-us-mexican-relations )
 * Relations key to Central American stability **
 * Selee and Wilson, 12 **– Andrew, Vice President for Programs and Senior Advisor to the Mexico Institute at the Wilson Center, Christopher, associate with the Mexico Institute (“A New Agenda with Mexico,” Wilson Center, November 2012, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/a_new_agenda_with_mexico.pdf)

<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">[James Francis, Professor of Political Science at Okanagan University College. “Discovering the Americas: the evolution of Canadian foreign policy towards Latin America,” p. 130-131] While there were economic motivations for Canadian policy in Central America, security considerations were AND , such as Contadora, as will be discussed in the next chapter.
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Central American Instability causes global war **
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">Rochlin, 1994 **

Mexico inaugurates a new president on Saturday—Enrique Peña Nieto of the Institutional Revolutionary AND to explaining why our countries are united by much more than a fence.
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Specifically, the plan provides momentum for Nieto’s reform agenda – US action is key **
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">Farnsworth and Werz, 11/30/12 **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">– Eric, vice president of the Council of the Americas and Americas Society, and Michael, Senior Fellow at the Center for American Progress (“The United States and Mexico: The Path Forward,” Center For American Progress, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/security/news/2012/11/30/46430/the-united-states-and-mexico-the-path-forward/)

Those people are now taking another look at the PRI. The way they see AND his party to power, made a wise choice or a bad mistake.
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Plan’s a success for Nieto **
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">Navarrette, 11/26/12 **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">(Ruben, “To-Do List for Obama and Mexico's New President,” CNN, <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt; text-decoration: none;">@http://pvangels.com/news-mexico/4362/to-do-list-for-obama-and-mexicos-new-president <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">)

It is that well of popular frustration — over poor cellphone service, limited programming AND of turning proposals into laws and, more important, carrying them out.
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Nieto is building up political capital for oil reform – getting major wins allows him to achieve his agenda **
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">Archibold, 3/22/13 **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">(“New Leader Taps Mexican Discontent to Press Agenda of Change,” NYT, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/23/world/americas/new-leader-taps-mexican-discontent-to-press-reform-agenda.html?_r=0)

Mexico's hydrocarbons sector will not be overhauled under Mexico's new President Enrique Peña Nieto to AND from the U.S., should have an edge in new opportunities.
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Nieto’s energy reform is key to natural gas pipeline development **
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">CASILLAS 1/28 **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">/13 (Juan; Consultant Based in Mexico City; “Mexico’s Upcoming Energy Reform: Opportunities, Limitations, and Challenges,” Manatt Jones Global Strategies, http://www.manatt.com/ThreeColumn.aspx?pageid=199&id=124583)

The North American shale gas revolution, currently confined to the US and Canada, AND to Mexico could diminish appetite for approving US LNG projects in coming years.
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Increased gas exports to Mexico will prevent LNG export approval **
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">PEARSON and RAMIREZ **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;"> 11/30/ **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">12 **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;"> (Will; Global Energy Analyst – Eurasia Group and Carlos; Latin America Analyst – Eurasia Group, “Mexico – the North American Shale Revolution Heads South,” <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt; text-decoration: none;">[] <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">) ww

North America’s shale gas boom is chipping away at the market for gas producers like AND market would be a major check on Russian economic growth and political influence.
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">U.S. LNG Exports would tank Russian Economic Growth **
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">MEAD **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;"> 4/25/ **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">12 **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;"> (Walter Russell; James Clarke Chace Professor of Foreign Affairs and Humanities – Bard College, “North American Shale Gas Gives Russia Serious Headache,” <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt; text-decoration: none;">[] <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">) ww

In Russia, historically, economic health and political stability are intertwined to a degree AND the financial impact of the Global Economic Crisis is its least dangerous consequence.
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">The impact is extinction--global nuclear war **
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">FILGER **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;"> 5/10/ **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">09 **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;"> (Sheldon; Writer/Founder – GlobalEconomicCrisis.com, “Russian Economy Faces Disastrous Free Fall Contraction,” Huffington Post, <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt; text-decoration: none;">[] <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">) ww

**__<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;">Plan __**

**__<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;">ADV 2: NadBank __** The BECC and NADBank have been restricted largely to water development, water treatment, AND and their annual public meeting in San Antonio today at the Mexican Consulate.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Text: The United States federal government should substantially increase its United States – Mexico North American Development Bank border transportation infrastructure investment **
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">NADBank can’t do TI now **
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">Hendricks, 09 **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">(David, “Legislation aims to broaden NADBank activities,” My San Antonio, 7/21/09, http://blog.mysanantonio.com/clockingin/2009/07/legislation-aims-to-broaden-nadbank-activities/)

Action to bring economic development to the US Mexico border is making its way through AND proposed legislation would not increase the deficit or add to the national debt.
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Expanding NADBank to transportation infrastructure key to creating a sustainable capital base **
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">HS News **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;"> (Hispanically Speaking News, Latin American News Organization) July **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">2011 **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;"> “Creating North American Development Bank Seen as Good Economic Opportunity for Border Economy” http://www.hispanicallyspeakingnews.com/hispanic-business-news/details/creating-north-american-development-bank-seen-as-good-economic-opportunity-/8994/

<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">David **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Hendricks **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;"> (writer for the San Antonio Express-News) June **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">2007 **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;"> “NADBank faces funding woes” Lexis Now that the North American Development Bank is back in the business of financing loans AND same time, future water and sewage plant proposals are stacking up themselves. "It looks as if the NADBank has been saved for now," says Robert AND . Anything that torpedoes this between then and now puts us at risk."
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Expansion of funding is key – otherwise huge funding cuts are inevitable—Causes instability **
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">That kills the bank entirely **
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">Vanderpool, 06 **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">(Tim, “NADBank Blues Will border cleanup efforts be abandoned?,” Tucson Weekly, 4/16/06, http://www.tucsonweekly.com/tucson/nadbank-blues/Content?oid=1083801)
 * Funding for NADBank key to water **
 * GAO 2k **– US General Accounting Office, Report to Congressional Requesters, (“US Mexico Border- Despite Some Progress, Environmental Infrastructure challenge remain” March 2000, <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt; text-decoration: none;">[] )

The Border Environment Cooperation Commission’s primary function is to certify that proposals submitted by border AND app. I for more details on the 20 Bank-financed projects.)
 * Extinction **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Barlow 2008 **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;"> – Senior Advisor on Water to the UN General Assembly, chair of the Food & Water Watch, executive member of the International Forum on Globalization (2/25, Maude, Foreign Policy in Focus, "The global water crisis and the coming battle for the right to water", http://www.fpif.org/articlesthe_global_water_crisis_and_the_coming_battle_for_the_right_to_water)

The three water crises – dwindling freshwater supplies, inequitable access to water and the AND leading to a rise in illegal, and unpopular, migration to India. “I don’t want to see the NADBank go away,” she said. “ AND responsive to the environmental needs of border citizens would be a welcome move. The U.S.-Mexican border region has the highest rate of species endangerment AND -that the border is starkly visible to people flying over in airliners. An excerpt from A Natural History of the Sonoran Desert There is a place in AND only if a broad spectrum of society is involved in endorsing their protection.
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">NADBank key to environmental cooperation **
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">Taj, 06 **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">(Mitra, “Possible shutdown of NADBank worries some U.S. lawmakers,” Tucson Citizen, 3/16/06, http://tucsoncitizen.com/morgue2/2006/03/16/152961-possible-shutdown-of-nadbank-worries-some-u-s-lawmakers/)
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Cooperation is key to prevent mass biodiversity loss **
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">Van Schoik, 04 **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">– Rick, teaches international environmental security, science, and policy at San Diego State University, California (“Biodiversity on the U.S.-Mexican Border,” World Watch Institute, http://www.worldwatch.org/node/567)
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Border biodiversity is key to survival **
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">Nabhan, 00 **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">– Gary Paul, writer, lecturer and world-renown conservation scientist (“Biodiversity: The Variety of Life that Sustains Our Own,” Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, January 2000, http://www.desertmuseum.org/books/nhsd_biodiversity.php)

But Congress and the White House don’t have to look far for inspiration for how AND ultimately for the benefit of both the U.S. and Mexico.
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">The plan solves - expanding NADBank investments to border infrastructure allows for NADBank enhancement and avoids political backlash **
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">Balido, 11 **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">– Nelson, president of the Border Trade Alliance (“Bill to expand NADBank projects holds potential to make big impact for border,” Border Trade Alliance, http://www.thebta.org/btanews/bill-to-expand-nadbank-projects-holds-potential-to-make-big-impact-for-border.html#top)

**__<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;">ADV 3: NAFTA __**
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Trade from Mexico is skyrocketing now—lack of border infrastructure kills trade **
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">USA Today 5-2-13 ( **<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; text-decoration: none;">[] <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">JC)

MEXICO CITY — Delivery trucks from Mexico line up early in the morning at the AND added security measures, which slow things down and raise expenses for businesses.

We also think it's worth noting that even though Obama's subject heading for the promise AND is not under "operational control." We rate this promise a Compromise.
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Alt causes resolved now **
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">Wogan 8-31-12 **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;"> J.B. is an intern with PolitiFact “Border is more secure, but not to everyone's satisfaction” <span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt; text-decoration: none;">[]

One of the Mexican government’s goals in signing NAFTA was to expand its manufacturing sector AND little sustained attention to socioeconomic, infrastructure, and other regional development issues.
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Lack of infrastructure will result in regional trade deterioration – collapses the NAFTA agenda **
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">Peters, 09 **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">– Enrique Dussel, professor at the Graduate School of Economics, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (“Manufacturing Competitiveness: Toward a Regional Development Agenda,” The Future of North American Trade Policy: Lessons from NAFTA//, Pardee Center, November 2009, http://www.ase.tufts.edu/gdae/Pubs/rp/PardeeNAFTACh2PetersManufNov09.pdf)

<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">Michael C. **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">McClintock **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;"> (Professor of Law, Gonzaga University School of Law) **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">2007 **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;"> “NAFTA'S 13TH YEAR: STEADILY INCREASING TRADE BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND MEXICO, TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE CRISIS, BUILDING A "DRY CANAL" ACROSS SOUTHERN MEXICO, AND MORE” 14 Sw. J.L. & Trade Am. 25, Lexis Transportation infrastructure is a significant portion of a nation's wealth so long as efficient freight AND largest manufacturing area of northern Mexico along the U.S. border.
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Lack of investment in transportation infrastructure is the Achilles heel of NAFTA – the plan is key to prevent collapse **

The cumulative result of all this cross-border trade and investment has been, AND North American competitiveness, will be as much political will as economic muscle. **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">Pastor, 04 **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">– Robert A., Robert A., Professor at and Founding Director of the Center for North American Studies at American University (“North America's Second ` Decade,” Foreign Affairs, Jan/Feb 2004) North America's second decade poses a distinct challenge for each government. First, the AND continent; it will provide a model for other regions around the world.
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">The plan ensures deep north American economic integration necessary for optimum NAFTA functioning **
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">Blank, Golob and Stanley, 06 **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">– *Stephen, Pace University, **Stephanie R., Baruch College,** *Guy, McGill University (“Staying Alive: North American Competitiveness and the Challenge of Asia,” Pace University Lubin School of Business, 10/1/06, http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1077&context=lubinfaculty_workingpapers)
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">NAFTA is a global model for trade agreements **

<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">Don **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Cayo **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;"> (writer for the Vancouver Sun) <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">February **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;"> 13 **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">, 2013 “NAFTA has provided a thoroughly modern template for free trade” http://www.vancouversun.com/business/NAFTA+provided+thoroughly+modern+template+free+trade/7957474/story.html If you think of NAFTA as a recent and thoroughly modern kind of trade agreement AND for free trade - but it sure is leading us into that world. <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;">Claude **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Barfield **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;"> (former consultant to the office of the US Trade Representative and a resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute) January 10, 2013 “Crunch time for the TPP” http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2013/01/10/crunch-time-for-the-tpp/ During President Obama’s recent trip to Asia, TPP nations set a deadline of October AND both to other TPP partners and to the US Congress and business community.
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Specifically key to provide a model for TPP negotiations **
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Now is key – negotiations are reaching a tipping point. Breakdown unravels the entire negotiations – crushes strategic Asia ‘pivot’ and US leadership **

But the pendulum shouldn’t be allowed to swing too far toward an incautious retrenchment. AND The ability and will to intervene is too important to be so wasted.
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Asia pivot key to solve multiple hotspots from escalating to nuclear war **
 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Colby 11 **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 7pt;"> – Elbridge Colby, research analyst at the Center for Naval Analyses, served as policy advisor to the Secretary of Defense’s Representative to the New START talks, expert advisor to the Congressional Strategic Posture Commission, August 10, 2011, “Why the U.S. Needs its Liberal Empire,” The Diplomat, online: http://the-diplomat.com/2011/08/10/why-us-needs-its-liberal-empire/2/?print=yes

__2AC Add-Ons Read__ (to be updated during tournament)
=__Negative__=

__**Past 2NRs**__

Cuba Embargo - ptx and case Venezuela - ptx and case NAIF - India Dipcap and case Mex Renewables - Canada CP and ptx, ptx and case, neolib K Border Infrastructure - heg turns and nafta turns, heg turns, neolib K, ptx and case

__Round 1__
1NC: Non-EE CP, immigration ptx, T-gov to gov, multilat bad, gradualism DA, race K 2NC/1NR: Non-EE CP, multilat bad, immigration ptx/race K 2NR: race K

__Round 2__
1NC: Non-EE CP, immigration ptx, T-gov to gov, multilat bad, gradualism DA, race K, T- not economic engagement 2NC/1NR: Non-EE CP, multilat bad/ptx 2NR: non - EE CP, ptx

__Round 3__
1NC: 2NC/1NR: 2NR:

__Round 4__
1NC: 2NC/1NR: 2NR:

__Round 5__
1NC: 2NC/1NR: 2NR:

__Round 6__
1NC: 2NC/1NR: 2NR: