Ryan+&+Tiffany

=Glenzata North (GRAMS) HS= =AFF: 1AC=

1. Status quo emissions regulations will drive up fuel cost and crush the shipping industry
The shipping industry is an efficient mode of transport and is responsible for 90% AND or to reconsider the use of heavy fuel oil and use alternative technologies.
 * Hirdaris 13** [Dr. Spyro, Senior Specialist at Lloyd's Register, PHD in Naval Architecture at the University of Southampton, 2013 http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/351357/1/CONCEPTS%20FOR%20A%20MODULAR%20NUCLEAR%20POWERED%20CONTAINERSHIP.pdf] // CLans

2. Nuclear shipping is key to prevent a decline and increase volume
Amongst all the speculations and standing doubts about use of marine propulsion system based on AND smoke or particular pollutants that have become a menace all over the world.
 * Singla 11** (Smita, MA in food tech and professional blogger on maritime issues, "Nuclear Ship Propulsion: Is it the Future of the Shipping Industry?," Marine Insight, Sept 2, http://www.marineinsight.com/tech/nuclear-ship-propulsion-is-it-the-future-of-the-shipping-industry/#ixzz2BqcUcPcN)

3. Shipping key to stable food prices, trade, and world economic stability
We hoped to kick-start moves towards creating a far broader awareness that a AND international shipping half the world would starve and the other half would freeze.
 * Mitropoulos 05** (Efthimios, Secretary-General of the International Maritime Organization of the United Nations, World Maritime Day Parallel Event, 11/15, International Maritime Organization, http://www.imo.org/Newsroom/mainframe.asp?topic_id=1028&doc_id=5415)

4. Transit time and fuel cost are key to food prices
Maritime transport costs Ships have moved goods across the world for thousands of years, AND that firms will enter export markets for time-sensitive products at all.
 * OECD 12** (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, "Trade Costs," date is date last mod, Oct 29, www.oecd.org/tad/tradefacilitation/tradecosts.htm)

5. High food prices cause nuclear war
This is the most likely means by which the coming famine will affect all citizens AND widening gap between food and energy supplies and peoples' need to secure them.
 * Cribb 10** (Julian, Julian Cribb is a science communicator, journalist and editor of several newspapers and books. His published work includes over 7,000 newspaper articles, 1,000 broadcasts, and three books and has received 32 awards for science, medical, agricultural and business journalism. He was Director, National Awareness, for Australia's science agency, CSIRO, foundation president of the Australian Science Communicators, and originated the CGIAR's Future Harvest strategy. He has worked as a newspaper editor, science editor for "The Australian "and head of public affairs for CSIRO. He runs his own science communication consultancy, "The coming famine: the global food crisis and what we can do to avoid it," p. 26)

6. Economic decline causes global nuclear war
Nevertheless, al-Qaeda failed to seriously destabilize the American economic and political systems AND move; the world could devolve to that point very quickly.
 * Tilford 8** — Earl Tilford, military historian and fellow for the Middle East and terrorism with The Center for Vision & Values at Grove City College, served as a military officer and analyst for the Air Force and Army for thirty-two years, served as Director of Research at the U.S. Army's Strategic Studies Institute, former Professor of History at Grove City College, holds a Ph.D. in History from George Washington University, 2008 ("Critical Mass: Economic Leadership or Dictatorship," Published by The Center for Vision & Values, October 6th, Available Online athttp://www.visionandvalues.org/2008/10/critical-mass-economic-leadership-or-dictatorship/,)

7. Trade prevents and contains war—solves all other impacts
Our more globalized world has also yielded a "peace dividend." It may not AND and less likely those gains will be destroyed by civil conflict and war.
 * Griswold 11** (Daniel Griswold is director of the Center for Trade Policy Studies at the Cato Institute and author of Mad about Trade: Why Main Street America Should Embrace Globalization. "Free Trade and the Global Middle Class," Hayek Society Journal Vol. 9 http://www.cato.org/pubs/articles/Hayek-Society-Journal-Griswold.pdf)

1. American shipbuilding is noncompetitive now—the plan revitalizes it by increasing orders and efficiency
Nuclear powered vessels have inherently lower AND to container ships, to be even more competitive against their foreign counterparts.
 * Haas 14** (Benjamin, engineering student at SUNY Maritime, "Strategies for the Success of Nuclear Powered Commercial Shipping," Presented to the Connecticut Maritime Association, March 2014, http://atomicinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/CMA-Nuclear-Paper_Benjamin-Haas-3.pdf)
 * we do not endorse the gendered language

2. Nuclear shipbuilding revitalizes industry jobs and boosts the economy—civilian orders are key
According to a recent study done by MARAD in 2013 on the impact of America's AND ships could be considerable once their place in the world market becomes widespread.
 * Haas 14** (Benjamin, engineering student at SUNY Maritime, "Strategies for the Success of Nuclear Powered Commercial Shipping," Presented to the Connecticut Maritime Association, March 2014, http://atomicinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/CMA-Nuclear-Paper_Benjamin-Haas-3.pdf)

3. Commercial shipbuilding industry is key to naval power and overall US hard power
A strong and vibrant maritime industry helps ensure the United States maintains its expertise in AND vessels is not only a strategic asset but also fundamental to national security."
 * A.M.P 14** (American Maritime Partnership, "National Security," No date, date is date accessed, June 29, 2014 http://www.americanmaritimepartnership.com/national-security/)

4. Naval reliance is inevitable—only a matter of effectiveness
In the future, the demand for the Navy will continue to be part of AND diplomacy to support administration priorities and to support security cooperation activities by COCOMs.
 * Whiteneck 10** (Daniel Whiteneck • Michael Price • Neil Jenkins •Peter Swartz, CNA Analysis & Solutions, "The Navy at a Tipping Point: Maritime Dominance at Stake?" March, http://www.public.navy.mil/usff/documents/navy_at_tipping_point.pdf)

5. No one can fill in for US naval power
Second, no other country (or combination of countries) will create the forces AND of assets) would quickly deplete their resources and political support at home.
 * Whiteneck 10** (Daniel Whiteneck • Michael Price • Neil Jenkins •Peter Swartz, CNA Analysis & Solutions, "The Navy at a Tipping Point: Maritime Dominance at Stake?" March, http://www.public.navy.mil/usff/documents/navy_at_tipping_point.pdf)

6. US naval power guarantees hegemony, prevents attacks on the US mainland, and deters potential rivals from even attempting to change the status quo
This raises a more fundamental question: What is the value of naval power in AND fundamentally indispensable role the Navy plays in U.S. national security.
 * Friedman 07** (George, PhD, Chief Executive Officer and founder of STRATFOR, "The Limitations and Necessity of Naval Power," April 10, http://www.stratfor.com/limitations_and_necessity_naval_power)

7. Naval power is critical to overall US capabilities—this allows us to deter and defeat any challenger and contain every impact
The future security environment underscores two broad security trends. First, international political realities AND is exactly what we will need to meet the challenges of the future.
 * England, Jones and Clark** 11 (Gordon England is a former secretary of the Navy. General James Jones is a former commandant of the Marine Corps. Admiral Vern Clark is a former chief of naval operations; "The Necessity of U.S. Naval Power," July 11, http://gcaptain.com/necessity-u-s-naval-power?27784)

8. There's no alternative to American power—US decline exacerbates every impact and cause nuclear war
So what is left? Waning empires. Religious revivals. Incipient anarchy. A AND powers would benefit from such a not-so-new world disorder.
 * Ferguson 04** (Niall, Prof of History at NYU, Foreign Policy, July/August)

9. The impact is global nuclear war
Under the third option, the United States would seek to retain global leadership and AND to global stability than a bipolar or a multipolar balance of power system.
 * Khalilzad 95** (Zalmay, RAND analyst and now U.S. ambassador to Iraq, The Washington Quarterly)

10. US hegemony is good
A core premise of deep engagement is that it prevents the emergence of a far AND that of potential rivals is by many measures growing rather than shrinking. 85
 * Brooks, Ikenberry, and Wohlforth 13** Stephen, Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College, John Ikenberry is the Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University in the Department of Politics and the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, William C. Wohlforth is the Daniel Webster Professor in the Department of Government at Dartmouth College "Don't Come Home America: The Case Against Retrenchment," International Security, Vol. 37, No. 3 (Winter 2012/13), pp. 7–51

1. Expansion of transarctic shipping is inevitable in the status quo but engine byproducts will cause pollution and melt the icecap—nuclear power is key to prevent that
The steady decline of polar sea ice over the last few decades has led to AND the only way to avoid this potential environmental damage while still remaining economical.
 * HAAS 2014** (Benjamin, Engineering Student at State University of New York, "Strategies for the Success of Nuclear Powered Commercial Shipping", Presented to the Connecticut Maritime Association, March 2014 http://atomicinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/CMA-Nuclear-Paper_Benjamin-Haas-3.pdf\\CLans)

2. Accelerated polar melting causes a 21-foot sea level rise
Current rates of sea-level rise are expected to increase as a result both AND If it melts, sea levels could increase by up to 21 feet.
 * NRDC 2014** (Natural Resources Defense Council, "The Consequences of Global Warming On Glaciers and Sea Levels," No date; date is date accessed, 6/28/2014, http://www.nrdc.org/globalwarming/fcons/fcons4.asp)

3. Current sea level increases due to warming are survivable but increasing the rate will result in a massive wave of extinctions
For years scientists have been trying to find explanations for some of the world's most AND anoxic marine bottom waters, appear to have been important drivers of extinction."
 * SATO 2008** (Rebecca, "Can Changes in Sea Level Cause Periods of Mass Extinction?—A Galaxy Exclusive," The Daily Galaxy, June 19, http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2008/06/changes-in-sea.html)

4. Biodiversity decline also causes human extinction
1. Why Do We Care? — No species has ever dominated AND an aircraft's wings, 80 mankind may be edging closer to the abyss.
 * DINER 1994** (Maj. David, Instructor at the US Army JAG School, 143 Mil. L. Rev. 161)

Federal insurance increases acceptance of nuclear power and creates a commercial role
Current protection and indemnity insurance for nuclear reactors in the United States follows the Price AND are available, and a modern understanding of radiation health effects is adopted.
 * Haas 14** (Benjamin, engineering student at SUNY Maritime, "Strategies for the Success of Nuclear Powered Commercial Shipping," Presented to the Connecticut Maritime Association, March 2014, http://atomicinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/CMA-Nuclear-Paper_Benjamin-Haas-3.pdf)

Shipping companies would adopt nuclear power and international entities would license it—government support is the key barrier
Today Lloyd's Register, the international standards organization for the classification and design of ships AND consider in how to manage the much larger risk of global climate change."
 * TIME 10** ("Nuclear Cruise Ships Ahoy?" Nov 15, http://science.time.com/2010/11/15/nuclear-cruise-ships-ahoy/#ixzz2Bq9wGdYH)

The US is key—best regulatory structure
In order to reduce quality control costs and ensure efficient factory production, only countries AND is possible if the reactor is designed and tested in the United States.
 * Haas 14** (Benjamin, engineering student at SUNY Maritime, "Strategies for the Success of Nuclear Powered Commercial Shipping," Presented to the Connecticut Maritime Association, March 2014, http://atomicinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/CMA-Nuclear-Paper_Benjamin-Haas-3.pdf)

US solves best – experience
However, once nuclear powered ships are accepted by a wide range of countries, AND be able to achieve the productivity needed to create a sustainable shipbuilding program.
 * Haas 14** (Benjamin, engineering student at SUNY Maritime, "Strategies for the Success of Nuclear Powered Commercial Shipping," Presented to the Connecticut Maritime Association, March 2014, http://atomicinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/CMA-Nuclear-Paper_Benjamin-Haas-3.pdf)

No shipwreck impact
Another potential source of pollution created by nuclear powered commercial vessels is if the vessels AND removal and retrieval, a great challenge for marine engineers and naval architects.
 * Femenia 12** (Jose, Prof at the United States Merchant Marine Academy, Is The Time Right For Commercial Nuclear Powered Vessels? http://higherlogicdownload.s3.amazonaws.com/SNAME/ee3b8f97-c746-4d85-bede-cd348a202053/UploadedImages/Is%20The%20Time%20Is%20Right%20For%20Commercial%20Nuclear%20Powered%20Vessels-J.Femenia%20%28Full%20Paper-080812%29.pdf)

No waste issue
An argument can be made that the nuclear spent fuel is a major pollutant. AND would have much low power levels compared to gegawatt electrical utility power plants.
 * Femenia 12** (Jose, Prof at the United States Merchant Marine Academy, Is The Time Right For Commercial Nuclear Powered Vessels? http://higherlogicdownload.s3.amazonaws.com/SNAME/ee3b8f97-c746-4d85-bede-cd348a202053/UploadedImages/Is%20The%20Time%20Is%20Right%20For%20Commercial%20Nuclear%20Powered%20Vessels-J.Femenia%20%28Full%20Paper-080812%29.pdf)