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Current ocean exploration is woefully inadequate in climate data collection—AUVs are key
McNutt 13 —Marcia, Executive Chair of Oceans 2020, a group of more than 110 ocean explorers gathered at the Aquarium of the Pacific in Long Beach, California, “Accelerating Ocean Exploration” SCIENCE 341:937 (30 August 2013). Reprinted with permission from AAAS in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, “The Report of Ocean Exploration Exploration 2020; A National Program,” July, []. Page 13-14 //BR Last month, a distinguished group of ocean researchers and explorers convened in Long Beach AND needs to happen now to provide a useful informational baseline for future decisions.

Specifically, AUVs are key to cold vent monitoring
Furlong 13 – Masters student, University of Victoria (Jonathan, “Characteristic Morphology, Backscatter, and Sub-seafloor Structures of Cold-Vents on the Northern Cascadia Margin from High-Resolution Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Data” UMI Dissertations Publishing. ProQuest) In this chapter __I discuss visible surface features of cold vents and attempt to explain__ __AND__ __the examination of discrete cold vent communities to be extended into the subsurface.__

And, methane seepage from cold vents trigger immediate climate tipping events that cause extinction
Furlong 13 – Masters student, University of Victoria (Jonathan, “Characteristic Morphology, Backscatter, and Sub-seafloor Structures of Cold-Vents on the Northern Cascadia Margin from High-Resolution Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Data” UMI Dissertations Publishing. ProQuest) __The co-deposition of organic carbon with inorganic seafloor sediments is considered to remove__ __AND__ 2008) or sourced from the continent (Etiope et al., 2008).

And, AUVs are key to understanding and mitigating several other huge environmental threats—oil spills, coral reefs and biodiversity loss
Bluefin 12 —AUV Technology Company, September 2012 [Bluefin robotics is a Battelle company who develops, builds, and operates Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) and related technologies for defense, commercial, and scientific customers worldwide, [], accessed 26 June 2014] JB Sampling and persistent monitoring of undersea habitats provide baseline information and important data characterizing change AND the southeast where other deep coral reef ecosystems are known to exist. n

And, Species diversity loss causes global extinction—we’re at the tipping point
Walsh 10 — Bryan, “ Wildlife: A Global Convention on Biodiversity Opens in Japan, But Can It Make a Difference?” Ecocentric Blog @ TIME, 10-18, [|http://ecocentric.blogs.time.com/2010/10/18/wildlife-a-global-convention-on-biodiversity-opens-in-japan-but-can-it-make-a-difference/#ixzz131wU6CSp]. //BR// // The story of non-human life on the planet Earth over the past few // // AND // forgive us. We're losing nature. And that loss really is forever.//

Contention two is rare earth minerals
==== Rare Earth Minerals (REMs) depleting now and risks global economic collapse– AUVs accesses new supplies which are key for the aerospace industry and high tech manufacturing and allow us to beat out China ==== Green 14 – Senior Editor-in-Chief at Robotics BusinessReview(Tom, 5-12-14, Robotics Business Review, “Deep Sea Dive for Rare Earth Elements”, http://www.roboticsbusinessreview.com/article/deep_sea_dive_for_rare_earth_elements) After a year of falling prices and depleting customer inventories, buyers of Rare Earth AND with subsea robot mining tools built by technology partners like Soil Machine Dynamics.

Autonomous underwater vehicles key to inexpensive detection of mineral deposits quickly and accurately
Wiltshire 10 – Specialist at Ocean and Resources Engineering [J. C., "MINERAL EXTRACTION, AUTHIGENIC MINERALS." //Marine Policy & Economics: A Derivative of the Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences//(2010): 274., Google Books, [|http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=dqzXwFsOFMcC&oi=fnd&pg=PA274&dq=(%22Rare+Earth+Elements%22+OR+%22rare+earth+minerals%22)+AND+(%22autonomous+underwater+vehicles%22+OR+%22Autonomous+Benthic+Explorer%22)&ots=PIzchVTPjs&sig=C1I_dhR2fdZIW6VUSsl3m8t-n44#v=onepage&q&f=false], pg 276] The first step in minerals development is to find an economic mine site. This AND model to determine whether it is economically profitable to mine a given deposit.

China REM monopoly prevents US high tech manufacturing and causes all future development to offshore—action now is key
Hannis 12 – Senior fellow in defense studies at the American Foreign Policy Council (Eric, 11-20-12, US News, “Are We Losing the Race for Rare Earths?”, []) The U nited S tates, like most of the industrialized world, is currently engaged in AND alternative that will allow them a way out of the China relocation trap.

First, REM independence is key to weapons development
Hannis 12 - Senior fellow in defense studies at the American Foreign Policy Council (Eric, 11-20-12, US News, “Are We Losing the Race for Rare Earths?”, http://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/world-report/2012/11/20/the-us-needs-rare-earth-independence-from-china) This race is also important for defense reasons : A reliable domestic source of rare AND //that supplies much of our oil: Neither are getting friendlier to America.//

Second, Manufacturing is key to defense technology that’s the foundation of military primacy
O'Hanlon 12 - Scholar at the Brookings Institution, (Michael, January 2012, The Brookings Institution, “The Arsenal of Democracy and How to Preserve It: Key Issues in Defense Industrial Policy”, [] ) The current wave of defense cuts is also different than past defense budget reductions in AND civilian and military export opportunities for the U nited S tates in a globalized marketplace.

The pursuit of hegemony is inevitable, sustainable, and prevents great power war
Brooks 13 - Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College and the Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University and Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University in Seoul and the Daniel Webster Professor of Government at Dartmouth College (John Ikenberry, Stephen G. Brooks, William C. Wohlforth, January/February 2013, Foreign Affairs, “Lean Forward: In Defense of American Engagement” http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/138468/stephen-g-brooks-g-john-ikenberry-and-william-c-wohlforth/lean-forward) Of course, even if it is true that the costs of deep engagement fall AND an engaged and liberal leading power. The results could well be disastrous.

Specifically, aerospace manufacturing is key—airpower decline risks global instability and conflict
Pfaltzgraff 10 [Robert L, Shelby Cullom Davis Professor of International Security Studies at. The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy and President of the Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis, et al., Final Report of the IFPA-Fletcher Conference on National Security Strategy and Policy, “Air, Space, & Cyberspace Power in the 21st-Century”, p. xiii-9] Deterrence Strategy In stark contrast to the bipolar Cold War nuclear setting, today’s security AND that airpower would play in U.S. strategy and crisis management.

Port security is at a crossroads—the critical deadline to search all inbound cargo is impossible to meet with current tech
Marcario 6/4 14—John, Associate Editor of Seapower Magazine, “Lawmakers Question Port Security and Delays of TWIC Reader, Cargo Scan Mandate,” []. //BR Port security has been steadily improving over the last decade, but challenges remain , AND preserving the necessary speed of moving containers through the ports,” Carper said.

Terror attacks at port are inevitable and quickly cause unprecedented chaos—only the Aff solves it
Flynn 6 – Stephen, Ph.D.,Commander, U.S. Coast Guard (ret.)Senior Fellow in National Security Studies at CFR, Prof @ Northeastern U, “The Continued Vulnerability of the Global Maritime Transportation System,” March 9th, []. But the most serious consequence of a major terrorist attack on America’s waterfront is if AND . port authorities have been reluctant to make major new investments in security.

Terrorists can build, buy or steal a nuclear weapon and smuggle it into a U.S. seaport—they’re key targets
Abt 3 – Ph.D., Clark C., Risk analysis prepared for US DOT/RSPA/Volpe National Transportation. “The Economic Impact of Nuclear Terrorist Attacks on Freight Transport Systems in an Age of Seaport Vulnerability,” Apr 23, []. International terrorists have asserted their intention to acquire nuclear weapons, and have an //increasing// //AND// , such as the 14 th Street Bridge in DC, or midtown Manhattan

Nuclear terror is the most dangerous nuclear threat because deterrence fails
Sid-Ahmed 4 – Mohammed, political analyst, “Extinction!” al-ahram weekly, []. The most critical moment was the one when the Soviet Union collapsed and fragmented into AND When nuclear pollution infects the whole planet, we will all be losers.

Containers are easy vessels for high-lethality bioweapons
Bakir 7 – Niyazi Onur, Postdoctoral Research Associate at University of Southern California Center for Homeland Security, “A Brief Analysis of Threats and Vulnerabilities in the Maritime Domain, Center for Risk and Economic Analysis of Terrorism Events (CREATE) Research Archive Non-published Research Reports, http://research.create.usc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1004&context=nonpublished_reports) There is no effective detection equipment for bio logical and chemical weapons. There are many AND  cargo and empty containers should be minimized to reduce terrorism at US ports.

Extinction
Parson 6 – Ed, University of Michigan, “The Big One: A Review of Richard Posner’s Catastrophe: Risk and Response,” []. For his fourth risk, in case you are not scared enough, Posner turns AND tried to develop them. Suitable lab facilities exist in // dozens // of countries.

Invasive species at ports wreck biodiversity and disease prevention
Leggiere, ‘10. Phil, citing a study from professors at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. “Agroterror Prevention in Need of Overhaul,” HS Today, 9-4, [] When one thinks of border protection thoughts naturally focus on illegal immigration, drugs, AND law enforcement problems, and the //early detection// and control of infectious //diseases//.

Pandemics at ports instantly kill billions
Greger, ‘6 **–** Director of Public Health and Animal Agriculture at The Humane Society of the United States. Michael, graduate of the Cornell University School of Agriculture and the Tufts University School of Medicine. Also an internationally recognized lecturer, he has presented at the Conference on World Affairs, the National Institutes of Health, and the International Bird Flu Summit, among countless other symposia and institutions. “Population Bust” http://www.Birdflubook.com] A pandemic today could be many times worse  than the  pandemic of 1918, the AND …. We are half a step away from a worldwide pandemic catastrophe.”579

AUVs are vital to port security—they provide multiple inspection advantages and solve every aspect of port security
Bluefin 14 [Bluefin Robotics, “Port and Harbor Security”, http://www.bluefinrobotics.com/applications/port-and-harbor-security/] There has been dramatic development of autonomous systems in the last two years to address AND deployable to allow prudent and selective pre-positioning or re-positioning.

Only AUVs can solve while ensuring industry buy-in through significantly improved speed, efficiency and safety of operations
Bovio 6 [Edoardo, “Autonomous Underwater Vehicles for Port Protection”. NATO Undersea Research Centre, July 2006] The experimental program demonstrated that off the shelf AUV technology, used in conjunction with AND aperture sonar techniques which also allow higher area coverage rate per unit system.

Contention four is solvency
==== AUV development is inevitable, but Congress has to act promptly to authorize, appropriate and coordinate a comprehensive national program for it to work—that spurs P3s which streamline production and overcome previous barriers ==== FIND 14 – Federal information and news dispatch (FIND, “House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation Hearing”, federal press release, [|http://insurancenewsnet.com/oarticle/2014/02/07/house-transportation-and-infrastructure-subcommittee-on-coast-guard-and-maritime-a-457472.html#.U6xpufmICQo], HW) The AUV's evolution is taking place at an amazing rate of change. At the AND . A new public-private partnership is the key to such success.

Only U.S. federal investment can catalyze private sector tech and R&D development
Avery, 13 —President and Director Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, June 11 2013 [Dr. Susan K., Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Published June 11 2013, [] ] JB Frontiers in the Ocean Jim Cameron is a visionary who is capable of looking beyond AND that U.S. ocean science research will have around the globe.

Federal support is the seed for commercial spillover and widespread deployment
Avery, 14 — Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution President and Director, April 29 2014 [Susan K. Avery, April 29, 2014, “Driving Innovations through Federal Investments” United States Senate Committee on Appropriations Written Testimony, [] ] JB //Huge dividends from initial federal support// To Ewing, the watery part of the ocean AND //the seed for innovation and continues to enlarge the realm of the possible.//

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2nr v Icebreakers GFHJP ZX Jones Act CP Politics -- exim w/ terror