Hybrid+Max+&+Vivienne

=BFJR/HJPP Max Lubell and Vivienne Pismarov= toc contact - maxlubell@gmail.com

=1AC - Human Trafficking=

1AC Gender

 * First is Gender,**

On any given day, a Mexican woman will be promised a good paying job AND human trafficking must take into consideration both countries~’ interests through a bilateral partnership.
 * Currently, untold numbers of Mexican men, women, and children are being unfairly imprisoned by human traffickers along the border—a bilateral partnership is critical**
 * GARZA 11** (Rocio, Candidate for Juris Doctor, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, May 2011; A.B. (2005) Harvard University, CARDOZO J. OF INT~’L %26 COMP. LAW, March, www.cjicl.com/uploads/2/9/5/9/2959791/cjicl_19.2_garza_note.pdf ‎ )

//Mexico is a large source, transit, and destination country for men, women// //AND// //be relatively weak, and official complicity continued to be a serious problem.//
 * Mexico is the key—they~’re a global hotspot for sex trafficking**
 * DOS, 13** (U.S. Department of State, 2013, "Trafficking in Persons Report 2013" http://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2013/index.htm)//EM//

//**Sex trafficking embodies a patriarchal form of domination that perpetuates the belief that women should be silent while they suffer**// //**Ditmore, Maternick, and Zapert 12** (Melissa, Anna, and Katherine, all are research consultants to the Sex Workers Project of the Urban Justice Center, "The Road North: The role of gender, poverty and violence in trafficking from Mexico to the US", August 2012, pg. 22-25 http://www.ccasa.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/The-Road-North-The-role-of-gender-poverty-and-violence-in-trafficking-from-Mexico-to-the-US.pdf, [SG]) // //Violence against women and cultural beliefs and state systems that support it exist in greater// //AND// //maintain a hold over the victim (Castro Soto et al. 2004).//

//**Investigating the structural causes and foundations of trafficking is necessary to open up a new framework for combating sexual violence**// //**Hathaway 12** (Dana, Masters in Interdisciplinary Studies at Portland State University, "Human Trafficking and Slavery: Towards a New Framework for Prevention and Responsibility", 2012, accessed via ProQuest, [SG]) // //The focus on direct perpetrators, to the exclusion of other structural causal factors,// //AND// //-structural processes and includes this understanding in assigning responsibility for the problem.//

//**Patriarchy causes extinction**// //**Warren and Cady 94** [Professors of Philosophy at Macalester College %26 Hamline University Karen and Duane, "Hypatia", Spring, 1994. Proquest] // //The notion of patriarchy as a socially dysfunctional system enables feminist philosophers to show why// //AND// //-nature-peace connections in regional, national, and global contexts.//

//**Patriarchy has infiltrated modern politics- only a rejection of patriarchy can open up space beyond hegemonic masculinity**// //**Tickner 92** (J. Ann, Professor of International Studies at American University, "G ender in International Relations: Feminist Perspectives on Achieving Global Security, Engendered Insecurities", Columbia University Press 1992, http://www.ciaonet.org/book/tickner/tickner12.html-http: //www.ciaonet.org/book/tickner/tickner12.html [SG]) While the purpose of this book is to introduce gender as a category of analysis AND terms of their power capabilities and capacity for self-help and autonomy.

**1AC Plan Text**


 * Thus the plan: The United States federal government should establish a bilateral partnership with the government of Mexico against human trafficking.**

1AC Solvency

 * Next is solvency,**

//Once an issue relegated to the margins of international human rights discourse, human trafficking// //AND// //wherewithal to influence how other countries respond to the problem of human trafficking.//
 * U.S. human trafficking policies are modeled globally**
 * Chuang, 6** Practitioner-in-Residence, American University Washington College ol~’ Law. J .D., Harvard Law School; BA., Yale University (Janie A. Chuang, Winter 2006, "The United States as Global Sheriff: Using Unilateral Sanctions to Combat Human Trafficking", Michigan Journal of International Law, Vol. 27, No. 2, http://papers.ssrn.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=990098%26download=yes)//EM//

//**A bilateral partnership increases prevention initiatives in addition to number of prosecutions - allows for information sharing and expedited investigations**// //**Garza 11** Candidate for Juris Doctor, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, AB from Harvard (Rocio, 11/1/11, "Addressing Human Trafficking Along the United States-Mexico Border: The Need for a Bilateral Partnership," []) //AM Victims on both sides of the United States-Mexico border ¶ would greatly benefit AND about ¶ the dangers and criminal consequences of engaging in human ¶ trafficking.

Contrary to Kyle and Koslowski~’s finding that "both governments and activists socially construct ~’ AND effectively place themselves beyond critique and contestation, i.e. beyond politics
 * Reality is socially constructed, voting affirmative through a lens of critical constructivism is necessary to disrupt the cultural norms that perpetuate violent gender relations**
 * Lobasz 12** (Jennifer, Professor of International Relations at the University of Minnesota, "Victims, Villains, and the Virtuous Constructing the Problems of ~’Human Trafficking~’", June 2012, [], pgs. 76-80, [SG])

.

The most significant contribution of ecofeminism lies in its ability to plumb to the very AND unwitting partners in crime, eroding the very basis of their own survival.
 * Vote affirmative to endorse a feminist standpoint epistemology**
 * Pandey 6** (Anupam, thesis submitted to faculty of graduate studies and research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctorate of philosophy department of political science Carleton university, forgin bonds with womyn, nature and the third world: an ecofeminist critique of international relations, proquest] <140-143>)

**Cuomo 96** – PhD, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Philosophy, University of Cincinnati (Chris, Hypatia Fall 1996. Vol. 11, Issue 3, pg 30) In "Gender and `Postmodern~’ War," Robin Schott introduces some of the ways AND the face of what appears to be the inevitability of war and militarism. Throughout the article, I have tried to emphasise the significance of self-situating AND first. If you wonder why, why not go and see Momo?
 * A militarized crisis ethic is flawed – attention to war ignores daily horrors of structural violence – it’s the root cause to war in the first place**
 * The judge should be listen to the language of feminist international relations – it~’s a prerequisite to the dialogue they try to create**
 * Park-Kang 11**- Political science doctoral candidate at Lund University (Sungju, "Utmost Listening: Feminist IR as a Foreign Language" International Relations March 2011 Sage Journals)

The central political task of the intellectuals is to aid in the construction of a AND should act as both an inspiration and a challenge to critical security studies.
 * We ought to use the debate space as a site to formulate counter-hegemonic strategies of knowledge production- violence has manifested itself in scholarship, and combatting that is a necessary precondition to breaking it down in reality**
 * Jones 99** (Richard, Professor International Politics @ Aberystwyth University, "Security, Strategy, and Critical Theory, p. 155-162, [SG])

=Past 2NR's=