Colin+&+Sunned 

= CCS =
 * The United States federal government should substantially increase its investment in regulated backbone carbon pipeline infrastructure in the United States. **

Solvency
=== Carbon regulation is coming and CCS technology is advancing – facilitating regulated transportation infrastructure is key to jump-starting the commercial industry === Zarraby 12 - chemical engineer for the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, JD expected from GWU in 2012 Cyrus, “Note: Regulating Carbon Capture and Sequestration: A Federal Regulatory Regime to Promote the Construction of a National Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Network,” 80 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 950, Lexis Rising food prices, 1 mass migration , 2 new endangered .... construction of new CO<2> pipelines. 17

The entire project depends on a national network for pipeline infrastructure
IRGC 8 International Risk Governance Council, “Regulation of Carbon Capture and Storage,” [] Large-scale CCS deployment // cannot proceed // until .... u ltimate organisational structure of the CCS industry.

The federal government is key
Horne 10 – JD @ U of Utah Jennifer, “Getting from Here to There: Devising an Optimal Regulatory Model for CO<2> Transport in a New Carbon Capture and Sequestration Industry,” 30 J. Land Resources & Envtl. L. 357, Lexis Siting regulations affect companies' ... circumstances, a uniform set of requirements for access will be far more workable.

“Building Essential Infrastructure for Carbon Capture and Storage,” Report to the Global Carbon Capture and Storage Institute,[] This has ramifications for investment in CCS ... __ a ** substantial contribution ** from the public sector  __.
 * Significant and immediate government investment is key **
 * Insight Economics 11 **

Absent federal funding, companies will inevitably build point-to-point
Chrysostomidis et al. 9 – Ioannis Chrysostomidis and Paul Zakkour, Environemtal Resources Management; Mark Bohm and Eric Beynon, Suncor Energy; Renato de Filippo, Eni SpA; Arthur Lee, Chevron Corporation (“Assessing issues of financing a CO2 transportation pipeline infrastructure” Energy Procedia Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages 1625–1632, February 2009, [])//MR
 * For carbon dioxide capture and geologic storage ... **** have the same capacity utilization risk. **

That drives up costs, delays the project, and doesn’t store enough CO2
National Grid 12 – international electricity and gas company and one of the largest investor-owned energy companies in the world (“The benefits of a clustered carbon capture and storage system over point-to-point” National Grid, 2012, [|http://www.nationalgrid.com/uk/EnergyandServices/NonRegs/CCS/ClusteringBenefits/#header)//MR]


 * __ A shared pipeline system can __ ** very **__effectively ...__** ** __ point-to-point solutions may be too expensive. __ **

Federal lands are key to accelerate deployment of CCS
Grant 9 - Physical Scientist Office of Systems, Analyses, and Planning @ DoE Tim, “Storage of Captured Carbon Dioxide Beneath Federal Lands,” Dept of Energy, [] A global effort is underway to assess storage potential for... for __early large-scale demonstration projects that will help__ ** __ accelerate __ **__ commercial deployment of CCS technology __.


 * Economy **

Carbon sequestration is key to averting negative economic consequences of carbon regulations EPA 10 – US Environmental Protection Agency “Report of the Interagency Task Force on Carbon Capture and Storage,” [] While CCS can be applied to a variety of stationary sources ... creation of new technologies for export.

=== Having coal as a utility option is key – any alternative drastically increases consumer energy costs === Zarraby 12 - chemical engineer for the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, JD expected from GWU in 2012 Cyrus, “Note: Regulating Carbon Capture and Sequestration: A Federal Regulatory Regime to Promote the Construction of a National Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Network,” 80 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 950, Lexis In the United States, coal-fired power generation ... associated with electricity generation.

This collapses all major sectors of the economy
Rose and Wei 6 - * Professor of Energy, Environmental and Regional Economics, **Graduate Assistant in the Department of Geography at the Pennsylvania State University Adam and Dan, “The Economic Impacts of Coal Utilization and Displacement in the Continental United States, 2015,”[] We performed our analysis with the aid of an interindustry... " // multiplier // " effects throughout the U.S. economy.

Nuclear war
Harris and Burrows 9 Mathew, PhD European History @ Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer is a member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis” [] Increased Potential for Global Conflict... within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world.

Independently, the plan is a key fiscal stimulus
ACCCE 11 American Coalition for Clean Coal Energy, “American Coalition for Clean Coal Electricity,” [] The United States continues to be ... // dollar // the government invests.

That’s key to faster growth
Applebaum 12 - *PhD, Professor @ Rutgers, senior economist at the Center for Economic and Policy Research Eileen, 4-27, “Blame Budget Austerity for Poor GDP Growth,” [] As the Obama administration's 2009 stimulus ... policies. It // should not choose // austerity.

Even absent a recession, slow growth leads to global wars
Khalilzad 11 – PhD, Former Professor of Political Science @ Columbia, Former ambassador to Iraq and Afghanistan Zalmay Khalilzad was the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush and the director of policy planning at the Defense Department from 1990 to 1992. "The Economy and National Security" Feb 8 www.nationalreview.com/blogs/print/259024

Today, economic and fiscal trends pose the most severelong... make aggressive moves in their regions. .


 * Warming **

Global warming is real and human induced – top climate scientists agree
Anderegg et al 10 – PhD Candidate @ Stanford in Biology William, “Expert credibility in climate change,” National Academy of Sciences, p. 12107-12109 Preliminary reviews of scientific literature and surveys of cli- mate scientists... forums regarding anthropogenic climate change ..

Warming is an existential risk – quickening reductions is key to avoiding extinction
Mazo 10 – PhD in Paleoclimatology from UCLA

The best estimates for global warming ... profound social, cultural and political changes.

Carbon sequestration is key
Mack and Endemann 10 - *partner in the Houston office and global Chair of the Environmental Transactional Support Practice, provides over 25 years of experience advising on the transactional, environmental and regulatory issues associated with all sectors of the oil and gas industry, power (including both fossil and renewable energy), mining and chemical industries in the United States and abroad, in addition to the development, financing and entitlements for telecommunications and other industrial and public infrastructure facilities in the United States and offshore, **JD, Faculty @ USD Law, provides comprehensive environmental counseling on energy and infrastructure projects, and represents clients in related litigation Joel and Buck, “Making carbon dioxide sequestration feasible: Toward federal regulation of CO2 sequestration pipelines,” Energy Policy,[] At present, approximately 50% of the United States’ ... medium-term // impacts // from global climate change. 8.

CCS solves and immediate action is necessary
Rogers 7 - *CEO of Duke Energy James, “SENATE ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC WORKS COMMITTEE,” [] Carbon capture and storage ( CCS ) for coal-fired power plants is a // critical technology... // receive a // great deal // more attention and resources.

Unmitigated carbon emissions cause extinction **. **
 * Romm 12 ** – Joe Romm is a Fellow at American Progress and is the editor of Climate Progress, “Science: Ocean Acidifying So Fast It Threatens Humanity’s Ability to Feed Itself,” 3/2/2012, []

__ The world’s oceans may be turning acidic faster __ today ... __ some plankton need for reef and shell-building. __

CCS is a critical bridge to a broader portfolio of sustainable energy
Forbes et al 8 - senior associate at the World Resources Institute, former member of the National Energy Technology Laboratory Sarah, CCS Guidelines: Guidelines for Carbon Dioxide Capture, Transport, and Storage, World Resources Institute, []

Scenarios for stabilizing climate-forcing emissions suggest ... // bridge // to a sustainable energy future ..

=== Only the plan is modeled – China, India, Brazil, and other countries won’t cut emissions unless they can avoid economic cost === Apt et al 7 – PhD in Physics @ MIT, Professor of Technology, Tepper School of Business and Engineering and Public Policy Jay, “Incentives for Near-Term Carbon Dioxide Geological Sequestration,” Carnegie Mellon, []

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ... 2005 U.S. economy are shown in figure 28 below.

Contention One: Inherency

 * The question is when, not if another hurricane strikes. **


 * The Telegraph 05 ** (Francis Harris in Washington) “City waited for the inevitable but the cost of prevention was just too high” 01 Sep 2005 http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/1497397/City-waited-for-the-inevitable-but-the-cost-of-prevention-was-just-too-high.html Herm

__For decades, New ...____They weren't enough. __


 * New Orleans still lacks mass transit evacuation plans. The carless will be trapped again. **


 * Renne et al., 08 ** – Renne is a PhD from the University of New Orleans, Sanchez is a PhD from the University of Utah, and Litman is a director at the Victoria Transport Policy Institute (John Renne, Thomas Sanchez, and Todd Litman, “National Study on Carless and Special Needs Evacuation Planning: A Literature Review”, October 2008, accessed 7/3/12)//BZ

__The objective of ... __and adopted widely (Jenkins, Laska and Williamson 2007).

Plan

 * The plan: The United States federal government should substantially increase its investment in evacuation transportation infrastructure in New Orleans. **

Contention Two: the Advantage

 * The intersection of race and poverty and car-lessness made the aftermath of Katrina into an overwhelming display of institutional racism. Mass transportation is critical for evacuation. **


 * Wailoo et al. 10 **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;"> (Keith Wailoo- B.A, 1984, Yale University; M.A., 1989, and Ph.D. (History and Sociology of Science), 1992, University of Pennsylvania; joint appointment: Associate Professor of History, Karen M. O’Neill- Karen M. O’Neill studies how land and water policies change the standing of program beneficiaries and experts and change government's claims to authority and power., Jeffrey Dowd- graduate student, Roland Anglin- Associate Research Professor; Director, Joseph C. Cornwall Center for Metropolitan Studies School of Public Affairs and Administration (SPAA) Rutgers University-Newark ; Katrina’s Imprint: Race and Vulnerability in America; 11/2010; pages 23-27)

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">A landmark decision... __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> inner-city neighborhoods. __


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">No disaster is natural – who lives and who dies is part of a social calculus based on how much a society decides to care for the under privileged. FEMA didn’t just make mistakes for a few months—the death and suffering stemming from Katrina were decades in the making. **


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Smith 06 – **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;"> Distinguished Professor of Anthropology and Geography at the CUNY Graduate Center where he also directs the Center for Place, Culture and Politics (Neil, “There’s No Such Thing as a Natural Disaster” March 2006, http://www.ladeltacorps.org/uploads/4/3/8/1/4381788/cg-ar-packet.pdf )//ALo

__<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">It is generally .... ____<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> and social class. __


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Transportation policy is the root of transportation inequality – this lies at the heart of racial, environmental inequality, and classism. **


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Pastor et al. 06 **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;"> [Manuel Pastor is codirector of the Center for Justice, Tolerance, and Community at the University of California, Santa Cruz. Robert D. Bullard is Ware Professor of Sociology and director of the Environmental Justice Resource Center at Clark Atlanta University. James K. Boyce is professor of economics at the Political Economy Research Institute of the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Alice Fothergill is assistant professor of sociology at the University of Vermont. Rachel Morello-Frosch is Carney Assistant Professor in the School of Medicine at Brown University. Beverly Wright is professor of sociology and director of the Deep South Center for Environmental Justice at Dillard University.] “Environment, Disaster and Race After Katrina” http://urbanhabitat.org/files/Pastor.Bullard.etc.Env.Katrina.pdf

__<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">How consequential is .... ____<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> a fresh start. __


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The horrors of Katrina justify the statement: ‘Never again’. The victims of Katrina were a result of the neoliberal regime that looked on as thousands perished, reflective of a fascist machine where democracy is lost. **


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Giroux, 06 **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> – Professor of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, previous professors at BU, Miami U, and Penn State (Henry, “Reading Hurricane Katrina: Race, Class, and the Biopolitics of Disposability”, accessed from JSTOR 7/1/12)//BZ

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">Hurricane Katrina may .... <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> lost its claims <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">” (2005, 122,124).


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Racism creates a permanent condition of war **


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Mendieta 02 **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">, Eduardo Mendieta, PhD and Associate professor of Stonybrook School of Philosophy, “‘To make live and to let die’ –Foucault on Racism Meeting of the Foucault Circle, APA Central Division Meeting” http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/philosophy/people/faculty_pages/docs/foucault.pdf

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">This is where ... biological in nature.


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Racism outweighs every impact – its the precondition to ethical political decision making. **


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">MEMMI ****<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">2000 – **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;"> Professor Emeritus of Sociology at the University of Paris (Albert, “RACISM”, translated by Steve Martinot, pp.163-165)

__<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The struggle against.... ____<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">stakes are irresistible. __


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Transportation infrastructure is critical to evacuation **


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Wolshon, 06 **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> – Assistant Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Louisiana State University (Brian, “The Aftermath of Katrina”, http://www.nae.edu/Publications/Bridge/TheAftermathofKatrina/EvacuationPlanningandEngineeringforHurricaneKatrina.aspx)//BZ

__<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Although little can... __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">Louisiana and elsewhere.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Contention Three: Framing

 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Impacts should be viewed through the lens of environmental and racial justice– this is necessary to understand and rebuild after Katrina. **


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Sze 06 **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;"> Julie Sze is an assistant professor in American Studies at the University of California, Davis. Her forthcoming book on the culture, politics and history of environmental justice activism in New York City is under contract with MIT Press. It looks at the intersection of planning and health, especially through the prism of asthma, and at changes in garbage and energy systems as a result of privatization, globalization and deregulation. Toxic Soup Redux: Why Environmental Racism and Environmental Justice Matter after Katrina By Julie Sze Published on: Jun 11, 2006

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">Thus, __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">the Gulf... ____<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> politics in the region. __


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Environmental justice demands federal action; leaving policies up to local populations CREATES Katrina–like disasters as communities fail to live up to their obligations to the poor. **


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Morse 08 **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;"> - senior attorney with the Biloxi office of Mississippi Center for Justice; received Equal Justice Works Katrina Legal Fellowship; received Edwin D. Wolf Public Interest Law Award from the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law; co-founder of the Steps Coalition; Panelist for the Joint center for Political and Economic Studies, NAACP; published by the Joint Center For Political and Economic Studies

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">Health Policy Institute (Reilly, “Environmental Justice Through the Eye of Hurricane Katrina” 2008, <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">http://198.65.105.204/hpi/sites/all/files/EnvironmentalJustice.pdf <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;"> )//ALo

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">The __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">American ... ____<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> **care and treatment**. 194 __


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">A federal response is the only ethical route. We need to recognize our collective responsibility to vulnerable populations. **


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Giroux, 2006 **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">– Professor of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, previous professors at BU, Miami U, and Penn State (Henry, “Reading Hurricane Katrina: Race, Class, and the Biopolitics of Disposability”, accessed from JSTOR 7/1/12)//BZ

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">In a May 25, 2001.... <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> event of a flood.


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The 1AC is a pedagogical advocacy that opens up new opportunities for democratic deliberation and political action. A recognition of our obligations to the materially deprived helps to combat the biopolitics of disposability. **


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Giroux, 2006 **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> – Professor of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, previous professors at BU, Miami U, and Penn State (Henry, “Reading Hurricane Katrina: Race, Class, and the Biopolitics of Disposability”, accessed from JSTOR 7/1/12)//BZ

<span style="background-color: yellow; font-family: Georgia,serif;">Biopolitics is <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">not ..... <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> face of death.


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Integrating ethical obligations to the other into politics is the only way to prevent totalitarianism **


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Simmons 99 **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">William Paul, current Associate Professor of Political Science at ASU, formerly at Bethany College in the Department of History and Political Science, “The Third: Levinas' theoretical move from an-archical ethics to the realm of justice and politics,” Philosophy & Social Criticism November 1, 1999 vol. 25 no. 6

__<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Levinas argues for .... ____<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> for the liberal state __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">.


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Embracing the Other makes war impossible **


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Caygill 02 **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">Howard, Professor of Cultural History at Goldsmiths College, University of London, Levinas and the Political

__<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The other __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;"> makes ... defended by war.


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The state is inevitable – our obligation is to make it as ethical as possible **


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Simmons 99 **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">William Paul, current Associate Professor of Political Science at ASU, formerly at Bethany College in the Department of History and Political Science, “The Third: Levinas' theoretical move from an-archical ethics to the realm of justice and politics,” Philosophy & Social Criticism November 1, 1999 vol. 25 no. 6

__<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Since ‘it is.... ____<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> it wants to secure. __


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Sacrificing agency in the political sphere causes bad policymaking and ends in extinction **


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Boggs 2000 **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">(BOGGS, PF POLITICAL SCIENCE – SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, 2K CAROL, THE END OF POLITICS, 250-1) Herm

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">But it is a .... __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">muddling-through modus operandi. __


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">This ethic outweighs consequences **


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Burns 08 **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">Lawrence, Professor in History of Medicine at the King’s University College at the University of Western Ontario, “Identifying concrete ethical demands in the face of the abstract other: Emmanuel Levinas’ pragmatic ethics”, Philosophy Social Criticism March 2008 vol. 34 no. 3

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">The link between ... __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> for the other __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">.


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Structural harms outweigh all other considerations. **


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Abu-Jamal 98 **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;"> (Mumia, award-winning PA journalist, 9/19, <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">[] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">)

__<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">We live __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">, equally... __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">passes away with them. __