Alex+Reznik+&+Sydney+Young


 * Past 2NRs**
 * Warming Reps
 * Containment DA
 * Engagement PIC
 * Diplomatic Capital DA


 * 1AC -- Strategic and Economic Dialogue**

Inherency
The Chinese and Indian stock markets, both with MSCI index losses through May, AND structural Dialogue underpinning for restored confidence to reverse this year’s heavy outflow trend.
 * ====Rising U.S.-Sino tensions mean the S&ED won’t be renewed====**
 * Kleiman 6/8** (Gary, "China’s Overbearing Strategic Dialogue Strains," Asia Times, http://atimes.com/2016/06/chinas-overbearing-strategic-dialogue-strains/)//SEP

Strategic mistrust is fueling multiple flashpoints within the region – high level talks are necessary to avoid they escalate

 * Zhao 2015** - Professor and Director of the Center for China–US Cooperation at Josef Korbel School of International Studies, University of Denver

Suisheng, "A New Model of Big Power Relations? China–US strategic rivalry and balance of power in the Asia–Pacific," Journal of Contemporary China Volume 24, Issue 93, 2015, p 377-397 The Asia–Pacific region has become a test ground to determine whether China and AND become one of the most dangerous flashpoints in the twenty-first century.

Containment drives China to fracture US alliances and risks nuclear war – only cooperation can solve

 * Ilamn 2016** - Currently works in Pacivis (Global Civil **Society** Research Center) of U of Indonesia

Zidy, "Is the South China Sea the Stage for the Next World War?," Jul 3, nationalinterest.org/feature/the-south-china-sea-the-stage-the-next-world-war-16833?page=show What is happening today is that China has gathered enough power and is becoming powerful AND States to reverse the negative trend, she surely has much to do.

Now is a unique moment – China is likely to use force post the Hague ruling in fishing disputes

 * Johnson 2016** - senior reporter covering energy for Foreign Policy

Keith, "Can Indonesia Afford a Fish War with China?," Jul 8, foreignpolicy.com/2016/07/08/can-indonesia-afford-a-fish-war-with-china/ In recent years, Indonesia has tried to stay above the fray as other countries AND to push back," Medeiros said, "that affects China’s strategic calculation."

This Maritime Militia will spark a war that escalates

 * Chao 2016** - international relations doctoral student (Mellon Ethnopolitics Fellow) in Political Science @ UPenn

Brian C, "Coast Guards Could Accidentally Spark War in the South China S," Jun 28, nationalinterest.org/feature/coast-guards-could-accidentally-spark-war-the-south-china-16766?page=show Chinese activities in the China Seas over the past few years have caused growing consternation AND regardless of whether the hulls are battleship grey or coast-guard white.

Only having open channels of communication can prevent this version of the Th0u-cyd-i-des Trap from going nuclear

 * Lam Peng Er 2016** - Senior Research Fellow, East Asian Institute

"China, the United States, Alliances, and War: Avoiding the Thucydides Trap?," Asian Affairs: An American Review Volume 43, Issue 2, 2016, p. 36-36 That the intelligentsia in the United States and China openly ponder and hold a conversation AND will place tremendous stress on crisis management between the United States and China.

Avoiding war from the Thucydides trap requires mutual understanding.
Last November, in a seminal meeting of the entire Chinese political and foreign- AND actions, by leaders and publics alike, than anyone has yet imagined.
 * Allison 15** – (Graham Allison is the director of the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at the Harvard Kennedy School. He served as Special Advisor to the Secretary of Defense under President Reagan and as Assistant Secretary of Defense for Policy and Plans under President Clinton. He has twice been awarded the Department of Defense's highest civilian award, the Distinguished Public Service Medal. "The Thucydides Trap: Are the U.S. and China Headed for War?" September 24, 2015, http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/09/united-states-china-war-thucydides-trap/406756/)SY

S&ED creates the channels necessary to ensure cooperation in moments tension

 * Garrison 2016** – Director of International Studies @ University of Wyoming

Jean and Marc Wall, "The Rise of Hedging and Regionalism: An Explanation and Evaluation of President Obama's China Policy," Asian Affairs: An American Review Volume 43, Issue 2, 2016, p 47-63 With each flare-up in tensions, cooler heads in both capitals stepped in AND , no-nonsense approach to maintain overall stability and manage ongoing tensions.


 * ====An extension of S&ED that includes higher level officials ensures that mistrust stays in check ====**
 * Dai 2016** - Former State Councilor of China

Bingguo, "On Building a New Model of Major-Country Relations Between China and the United States," Jun 20, www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa'eng/wjb'663304/zzjg'663340/bmdyzs'664814/xwlb'664816/t1350752.shtml For the past decades, China and the US have basically sticked to the path AND The path will be bumpy, but it leads to a bright future.

By developing already existing mechanisms, the plan solves any alt causes

 * Yung 2016**- Donald Bren Chair of Non-Western Strategic Thought at the U.S. Marine Corps University

Christopher and Wang Dang, "THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA CAN GET ALONG IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA," Jul 6, warontherocks.com/2016/07/the-united-states-and-china-can-get-along-in-the-south-china-sea/ China and the United States have fundamentally different philosophies about the nature and meaning of AND maritime interests may vary, the joint interest in preserving stability remains paramount.

The global economy is weak – and central banks are running out of tricks to keep it from collapsing

 * Bartholomeusz 7/11** - Business Spectator Columnist for The Australian Business Review

Stephen, "A trap for the global economy?," www.theaustralian.com.au/business/a-trap-for-the-global-economy/news-story/6e438ea2280cc55328742f8bfe5fe001 The challenges facing Bank of England Governor Mark Carney as he responds to the Brexit AND discernible positive effects, the central banks would have little capacity to respond.

S&ED is the only forum for officials from both countries to work on stabilizing the global economy while maintaining US economic leadership

 * Lew 2016** - U.S. Secretary of the Treasury

Jack, "America and the Global Economy: The Case for US Leadership," Foreign Affairs, May/June Issue The relationship between the United States and China, the world’s two largest economies, AND even stronger platform for navigating the economic and financial landscape of the future.

That solves a host of existential threats

 * Lew 2016** - U.S. Secretary of the Treasury

Jack, "America and the Global Economy: The Case for US Leadership," Foreign Affairs, May/June Issue But the difficulty in securing approval should not have been a complete surprise. The AND in the IMF, the World Bank, and the G-20.

Second, Even if progress isn’t made, it sends a perception that calms economic turmoil

 * Hormats 2015** - is vice chairman at Kissinger Associates and former U.S. under secretary of state for economic growth, energy, and the environment

Robert D, "On Economic Fronts, the U.S. and China Are Stronger Together," Sep 21, foreignpolicy.com/2015/09/21/on-economic-fronts-the-u-s-and-china-are-stronger-together-xi-jinping-visit/ The broader point here is not to suggest that the leaders dissect or debate the AND avoid one country reacting to a misreading of the other’s policies or intentions.

That prevents US-C war from breaking out
Leading American financial analyst Warren Pollock has warned that the US will slip into the AND They have their heads in their asses in the Pentagon," he added.
 * Kumar ’15** (Kalyan Kumar is a staff writer for the Australian branch of the International Business Times, 11/17/15, "Economic collapse of big economies like US and China may trigger war, says financial analyst Warren Pollock" http://www.ibtimes.com.au/economic-collapse-big-economies-us-china-may-trigger-war-says-financial-analyst-warren-pollock Poetic Justice)

The S&ED is essential for implementing structural reforms that allow for sustained Chinese growth
China and the United States reached dozens of agreements in such fields as policy coordination AND is prepared for a possible U.S. Federal Reserve rate increase.
 * Hong 6/8** (Zou Hong is a staff writer for China Daily, "China-U.S. Strategic and Economic Dialogue: Structural reforms to aim for stable growth" 6/8/16, http://www.scio.gov.cn/32618/Document/1479728/1479728.htm Poetic Justice)

A collapsed Chinese economy is one that invites belligerence and causes war

 * Dobell 2016** - Journalism Fellow at the Lowy Institute

Graeme, "The Biggest China 'Threat': War in the South China Sea or Economic Meltdown?," Jul 5, nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/the-biggest-china-threat-war-the-south-china-sea-or-economic-16843?page=show If China’s future course is the vital question, the answers in economy-world AND the South China Sea stays closer to the teacup end of the scale.

The eighth and final round of Strategic and Economic Dialogue concluded in June, opening channels for communication and cooperation on a litany of issues

 * Shen 2016** - professor and Vice Dean at the Institute of International Studies, Fudan University

Dingli, "Strategic Dialogue Advances Partnership, with a Limit," Jun 14, www.chinausfocus.com/foreign-policy/strategic-dialogue-advances-partnership-with-a-limit/ China and the US have just conducted their eighth round of Strategic and Economic Dialogue AND was rich in ideological confrontation but lacked economic and people-based cooperation.

Scheduling the next round now signals commitment and allows for changes making for more effective discussions

 * Reade 2016** - Senior Associate with the Freeman chair in China Studies @ CSIS

Claire, "The U.S.-China S&ED: Time to Tinker, Not to Toss," Jun 27, https://www.csis.org/analysis/us-china-sed-time-tinker-not-toss The last U.S.-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue (S&ED AND impressive S&ED gathering, while increasing the effectiveness of the effort.

Upgrading the SED to include presidential dialogue sets a clear agenda and builds crisis management mechanisms

 * Rudd 2015** - Senior Fellow, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs & Former Prime Minister, Australia

Kevin, "US-China 21: The Future of US-China Relations Under Xi Jinping," belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/Summary%20Report%20US-China%2021.pdf Beyond the two countries’ embassies, the principal mechanism for managing the breadth and depth AND 周恩来 ). This is now necessary because the stakes today are even higher.

Plan
====The United States federal government should diplomatically engage the People’s Republic of China by offering to indefinitely extend and include higher-level officials at the Strategic & Economic Dialogue.====

Initiatives by the US and China are necessary to solve, but dialogue through the plan is necessary

 * Shi et al 2014 -**Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Longyu Shi, Weichen Ma, Guofan Shao, Lina Tang, Yangyang Wang & Haowei Wang, "The US and China need to turn ongoing bilateral dialogue into immediate joint mitigation," International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology Volume 22, Issue 1, 2015, p 25-29 Climate change mitigation is an important consideration for sustainable development at both national (Halsnæs AND cooperation is supposed to have synergic effects but nothing can happen without action.

Empirically, S&ED drives critical climate initiatives

 * Reynolds 2016** - writer and foreign policy analyst based in New York

Ben, "Climate Change Outcomes of the 2016 Strategic and Economic Dialogue," Jun 30, www.chinausfocus.com/finance-economy/climate-change-outcomes-of-the-2016-strategic-and-economic-dialogue/ At this year’s S&ED, the U.S. and China launched AND that we place the fate of our children before the struggle for hegemony.

Warming causes economic instability and war.
Notaras 15, writer/editor of Our World 2.0 for the United Nations University Media Centre, former researcher in Peace and Security for the UNU Institute for Sustainability and Peace (Mark, "Does Climate Change Cause Conflict?" 11/27/09 http://ourworld.unu.edu/en/does-climate-change-cause-conflict) TZ Does climate change cause conflict? It really depends on who you ask. Warming AND future conflicts, deal in preventive diplomacy and develop strategies for good governance."

Extinction can happen within the decade

 * Holthaus 2015** – Meteorologist with Slate

Eric, "The Point of No Return: Climate Change Nightmares Are Already Here," Aug 5, www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/the-point-of-no-return-climate-change-nightmares-are-already-here-20150805 Attendant with this weird wildlife behavior is a stunning drop in the number of plankton AND happen well within human life spans. We're talking less than a decade."

Climate change perpetrates "slow violence" – hurts the most vulnerable populations and discounts those who can`t prove their worth in economic terms

 * Nelson 16** – Sara Nelson is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Geography, Environment, and Society at the University of Minnesota. Her research explores the political economy of conservation and environmental management (Sara Nelson, 2/17/16, "The Slow Violence of Climate Change", JacobIn, https://www.jacobinmag.com/2016/02/cop-21-united-nations-paris-climate-change/)//A-Sharma

The Paris Agreement, achieved December 12 at the twenty-first Conference of AND should attend to the COP as an instance of slow violence in action.

Climate change is linked to terrorism
Worland 15 - Writer for TIMES magazine Politics section (Justin Worland, 11/15/15, "Why climate change and terrorism are connected" time.com/4113801/climate-change-terrorism/) U.S. military officials refer to climate change as a "threat multiplier AND in Paris and the downing of a Russian jet over Egypt’s Sinai Peninsula.

Our frame for climate change alters the paradigm for climate debates, spurring action

 * Watson 2016** - associate professor at the University of Queensland in Brisbane, president of the Society for Conservation Biology and director of the science and research initiative at the Wildlife Conservation Society

James, "Bring climate change back from the future," Nature 534:7608, doi:10.1038/534437a The death of the last individual of the last population of a mammal species, AND harness the fears of the future to address the realities of the present.

Securitization is the most effective way to deal with climate change
If the securitization move in respect of climate change on an international level can be AND at least acquiescence, on the part of others to its doing so.
 * Scott 12** (Shirley V. Scott, BMus BA(Hons) Qld., MHEd. NSW, PhD Qld, A.Mus.A., GAICD School of Social Sciences, Review of European Community & International Environmental Law Volume 21, Issue 3, pages 220–230 accessible at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/reel.12008/full, 19th November 2012)

Apocalyptic Rhetoric is good because it motivates activist movements and individual action against climate change
Environmental Apocalypticism and Activism As we saw in the introduction, critics often argue that AND narrative is not to suggest that apocalyptics’ claims about the future are fictional.
 * Veldman ’12** (Robin, Doctoral candidate in Religion and Nature at University of Florida, National Science Foundation fellow in the University of Florida’s Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT) program in Adaptive Management, Assistant Editor of the Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture, "Narrating the Environmental Apocalypse: How Imagining the End Facilitates Moral Reasoning Among Environmental Activists", Ethics & the Environment 17.1, pp. 1-23)