John+&+Shireen

**Plan: The United States federal government should establish a national infrastructure bank to substantially increase its transportation infrastructure investment through loans and loan guarantees.**

**Adv: Econ and Steel**

 Econ:

Economy is weak --- risk of falling into recession
**Morici, 6/4** --- economist and professor at the Smith School of Business, University of Maryland (Peter, 6/4/2012, “Depressed by a US jobs stalemate,” @http://www.businessspectator.com.au/bs.nsf/Article/US-jobs-US-economic-recovery-US-unemployment-pd20120604-UWRHY?opendocument&src=rss, JMP)  The US economy added only 69,000 jobs in May – only about AND sectors, jobs gains were weak or small numbers of jobs were lost.  **__ First is declining infrastructure __**** --- it is undermining the__foundation__ of the U.S. economy ** ** Donohue, 11 ** --- president and chief executive officer of the US Chamber of Commerce (9/8/2011, Thomas J., Christian Science Monitor, “The highway to jobs - via better infrastructure,” Factiva, JMP) As Obama and Congress talk jobs, here's an appeal from the US Chamber of AND first place. If anyone is up to the challenge, we are.  ** This negatively influences the __entire economy__ --- prevents a__resilient__ supply chain ** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">** Little, 11 ** --- Director, Keston Institute for Public Finance and Infrastructure Policy (4/5/2011, Richard, “Infrastructure Investment and U.S. Competitiveness,” @http://www.cfr.org/united-states/infrastructure-investment-us-competitiveness/p24585, JMP) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">The massive network of seaports, waterways, railroads, and highways we built in <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">as consumers, would benefit from a more efficient and resilient supply chain. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Unfortunately, for far too long, Americans have been lulled by their political leadership <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">control, the challenge will be to muster the will to do so. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">The first step in addressing this problem will be to ensure that adequate revenue streams <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">their upkeep or own both the responsibility for economic decline and its consequences. ====<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Confidence is collapsing now and destroying investment --- a national infrastructure bank is the __best short term stimulus__ that __doesn’t drive up the deficit__ ==== <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> Skidelsky & Martin, 11 --- *Emeritus Professor of Political Economy at the University of Warwick, AND **macroeconomist and bond investor (3/30/2011, Robert Skidelsky and Felix Martin, New York Review of Books, “For a National Investment Bank,” @http://www.skidelskyr.com/site/article/for-a-national-investment-bank/, JMP) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">But could a National Investment Bank also help with the urgent problem of the weak <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">likely be attractive assets for pension funds and other long-term investors.¶ ====<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Infrastructure spending is comparatively the best form of economic stimulus—NIB is the most efficient mechanism ==== <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">**Tyson et al. 10** -* Professor @ the Haas School of Business of UC-Berkeley, PhD in Economics @ MIT, former Chair of the US President’s Council of Economic Advisers, served as the Director of the National Economic Council, **Phillips, former President of Oracle, MBA @ Hampton University, member of the Economic Recovery Advisory Board, ***Wolf, CEO and Chairman of UBS Americas, member of the Economic Recovery Advisor Board, BS in Economics @ Wharton [Laura, Charles, Robert, The Wall Street Journal, “The U.S. Needs and Infrastructure Bank,” January 15, 2010, @http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704586504574654682516084584.html, DKP] <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Our nation's investment in its physical infrastructure is far below what is necessary to meet <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">and then justify its continued funding based on its performance and investment returns. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">AND, job creation is the biggest internal link to the economy—outweighs cutting the deficit
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">**Tyson 11** -Professor @ the Haas School of Business of UC-Berkeley, PhD in Economics @ MIT, BA Summa Cum Laude in Economics @ Smith College, former Chair of the US President’s Council of Economic Advisers, served as the Director of the National Economic Council [Laura, The Washington Post, “What it will take for President Obama and big business to bring back American jobs,” 9/18/2011, @http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/on-leadership/for-president-obama-and-american-business-fixing-the-us-jobs-deficit/2011/08/18/gIQAhW8ZNJ_story.html, DKP] <span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">The immediate crisis confronting the U.S. economy is the jobs deficit, <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">tens of thousands of good-paying jobs in the next few years.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Plan __immediately__ boosts employment—prevents economic decline
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">**Zakaria, 11** -PhD in Political Science @ Harvard (6/13/2011, Fareed, “Zakaria: U.S. needs an infrastructure bank,” @http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2011/06/13/zakaria-u-s-needs-an-infrastructure-bank/, JMP) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">President Obama has proposed a number of specific policies to tackle the jobs crisis, <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">? That moment of bipartisanship might actually be the biggest payoff of all.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">A double dip recession disrupts global stability, causing nuclear escalation
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">** FORDHAM ‘10 ** (Tina Fordham, “Investors can’t ignore the rise of geopolitical risk”, Financial Times, 7-17-2010, @http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/dc71f272-7a14-11df-9871-00144feabdc0.html ) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Geopolitical risk is on the rise after years of relative quiet – potentially creating further <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">would be a very unwelcome time to see the return of geopolitical risk.” <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">** Independently, slow growth makes the US uncooperative and desperate – leads to hegemonic wars ** <span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">**Goldstein 7** - Professor of Global Politics and International Relations @ University of Pennsylvania, Avery Goldstein, “Power transitions, institutions, and China's rise in East Asia: Theoretical expectations and evidence,” Journal of Strategic Studies, Volume 30 , Issue 4 & 5 August 2007, pages 639 – 682 <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Two closely related, though distinct, theoretical arguments focus explicitly on the consequences for <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">the period prior to the possible crossover.19 pg. 647-650

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Steel:

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">** The steel industry is growing now, but remains __fragile__ – new transportation infrastructure projects are vital to maintain momentum ** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">** Brooks, 12 ** – Foundry Management & Technology Editor-in-chief at IndustryWeek (Robert Brooks, “Domestic Steelmakers are Strong, But Concerned”, IndustryWeek, 4/12/12, @http://www.industryweek.com/articles/domestic_steelmakers_are_strong_but_concerned_27078.aspx?SectionID=5 | AK) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">The U.S. steel industry is bullish on the progress and trajectory of <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">the 2009 program that provides no strategic outlook for steelmakers and other manufacturers. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">** Now is key – focusing on __new projects__ is key to the industry’s survival ** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">** King, 12 ** – political writer for the Wheeling News-Register and the Intelligencer (Joselyn King, “’Future Of Steel’ Topic In D.C”, Wheeling News-Register, 3/25/12, @http://www.theintelligencer.net/page/content.detail/id/567562/Future-Of-Steel-Topic-In-D-C.html?nav=515 | AK) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">WHEELING - Congress must take action to protect American manufacturing - and along the way <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">step is to focus on our infrastructure and our steel and manufacturing sectors." <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">** The highway reauthorization bill wasn’t enough either – a__substantial__ new investment is vital ** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">** STI, 12 ** – is an English language journal. It contains a digest of global news, events, statistics, and stockholding news, as well as more detailed technical articles, company and country profiles, conference reports and regular regional economic briefings. The target readership are managers and CEOs in the steel industry, but it is also widely read by stockholders, members of research organizations, technical consultants and business consultants, citing Timothy J. Considine, Ph.D. and Professor of Economics at the University of Wyoming, John P. Surma, Chairman and CEO of the United States Steel Corp., and Thomas J. Gibson, President and CEO of the American Iron and Steel Institute (Steel Times International, “American Iron and Steel Institute calls for further Government intervention”, STI, May/June 2012, @http://www.steeltimesint.com/contentimages/features/AISI-USAbriefing.pdf | AK) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">THE American Iron and Steel Institute has a mission to influence public policy and educate <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">our nation’s manufacturing sector to continue to thrive and drive the economic recovery.” <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">** A national infrastructure bank is __critical__ – new infrastructure investments are vital to stimulate steel and manufacturing demand ** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">** Danjczek et al., 11 ** – President of the Steel Manufacturers Association (Thomas A. Danjczek, “2011 — 2012 PUBLIC POLICY STATEMENT STEEL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION”, Steel Manufacturers Assocation, 2011-2012, @http://66.39.14.41/public_policy/public_policy.pdf | AK) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">The Need for Infrastructure Investment The infrastructure is the backbone of our nation’s economy. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">impediments in the funding process, and expedite the approval of key projects. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">** Three impacts – ** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">**__ First, the economy __**** – the steel industry’s vital to __all sectors__ ** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">** Considine, 12 ** – is an SER Professor of Economics in the Department of Economics and Finance. He received his Ph.D. from Purdue University. His research on petroleum market analysis has been published in the top economics journals. Recently, The Cato Institute published his paper exploring management policy issues facing the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve, and the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve currently uses his econometric model of world crude oil markets to estimate the market impacts of various management policies. Dr. Considine also worked as an economist at Bank of America, and as the lead analyst for natural gas deregulation on the U.S. Congressional Budget Office (Timothy J. Considine, “Economic Impacts of the American Steel Industry”, Legacy Steel, March 2012, @http://legacy.steel.org/news/NewSteelNews/images/PDFs/Considine_March%202012.pdf | AK) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">This study estimates the contributions of the American steel industry to the U.S <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">the multiplier effect, supports more than 1,022,009 jobs. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">** Cross apply Goldstein and Fordham from the econ adv, econ decline leads to nuclear war ** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">**__ Second, hegemony __**** – a strong steel industry is the __vital__ internal link to military primacy ** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">** AISI, 7 ** – serves as the voice of the North American steel industry in the public policy arena and advances the case for steel in the marketplace as the preferred material of choice. AISI also plays a lead role in the development and application of new steels and steelmaking technology (American Iron and Steel Institute, “STEEL AND THE NATIONAL DEFENSE”, AISI, January 2007, @http://www.ssina.com/news/releases/pdf_releases/steel_and_national_defense_0107.pdf | AK) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">The U.S. carbon/alloy and specialty steel industries are vital partners <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">domestic steel industry to meet all of these criteria on a consistent basis.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">The impact is global conflict
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">**<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Khalilzad 11 **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">– Former US ambassador, former Professor @ Columbia <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Zalmay Khalilzad, PhD, United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush and the director of policy planning at the Defense Department from 1990 to 1992 (2/8/11, National Review, “The Economy and National Security; If we don’t get our economic house in order, we risk a new era of multi-polarity,” @http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/259024/economy-and-national-security-zalmay-khalilzad <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">We face this domestic challenge while other major powers are experiencing rapid economic growth. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">the United States is the most significant barrier facing Chinese hegemony and aggression. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">**__ Third, warming __**** – a vibrant domestic industry is key to __green technology__ and __significantly__ reducing CO2 emissions ** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">** RP Newswires, 9 ** – citing Thomas J. Gibson, CEO and President of the American Iron and Steel Institute (Reliable Plant Newswires, “U.S. steelmakers leading green, industrial renaissance”, Reliable Plant, 2009, @http://www.reliableplant.com/Read/20164/us-steelmakers-leading-green,-industrial-renaissance | AK) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">One of America's best kept secrets is the extent to which its domestic steel industry <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">of Utah, replaced carbon as a blast-furnace fuel with hydrogen. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">** Warming causes extinction ** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">** Sify, 10 ** – Sydney newspaper citing Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, professor at University of Queensland and Director of the Global Change Institute, and John Bruno, associate professor of Marine Science at UNC (Sify News, “Could unbridled climate changes lead to human extinction?”, @http://www.sify.com/news/could-unbridled-climate-changes-lead-to-human-extinction-news-international-kgtrOhdaahc.html <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">The findings of the comprehensive report: 'The impact of climate change on the world's <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">warned, according to a GCI release. These findings were published in Science

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Solvency:

====<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">The NIB’s competitive, inter-modal, multijurisdictional approach is key—only federal action solves ==== <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">**Istrate and Puentes 9** (Istrate, Emilia, senior research analyst and associate fellow with the Metropolitan Infrastructure Initiative specializing in transportation financing, and Puentes, Robert, Senior Fellow and Director of the Metropolitan Infrastructure Initiative, December 2009, “Investing for Success Examining a Federal Capital Budget and a National Infrastructure Bank”, Brookings Institute)FS <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">A properly designed NIB is an attractive alternative for a new type of federal investment <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">debt to public or private entities in leveraging private co-investment.110

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">NIB solves—overcomes status quo funding failures and enables large-scale projects
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">**McConaghy & Kessler, 11** --- * Director of the Third Way Economic Program, AND **Vice President for Policy at Third Way (January 2011, Ryan McConaghy and Jim Kessler, “A National Infrastructure Bank,” @http://www.bernardlschwartz.com/political-initiatives/Third_Way_Idea_Brief_-_A_National_Infrastructure_Bank-1.pdf, JMP) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">America’s economic future will hinge on how fast and well we move people, goods <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">once-in-a-lifetime window to make enduring infrastructure investments.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">An AIFA would cause an immediate investment of billions- private investors are on their toes.
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">**Hayley 11** MA Candidate at Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism (Andrea, “BUILD Act Holds Promise of Rebuilding America <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> Bipartisan Senate proposal taps private investment”, 6-10-11, Epoch Times @http://www.theepochtimes.com/n2/united-states/build-act-holds-promise-of-rebuilding-america-57495.html ) RaPa <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">WASHINGTON—A new bipartisan Senate bill that has won rare backing from both business <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">are on,” realizing the unintentional pun. “It’s hardly a road.” <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Only federal action solves
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">** HALLEMAN ‘11 ** - Business graduate with analytical and program management experience across a range of transportation and infrastructure issues; Head of Communications & Media Relations at International Road Federation (Brendan, “Establishing a National Infrastructure Bank - examining precedents and potential”, October 2011, @http://issuu.com/transportgooru/docs/ibank_memo_-_brenden_halleman ) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">The merits of establishing a National Infrastructure Bank are once again being debated in the <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Program is currently no longer taking applications citing “state budget issues”. ¶ <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> ====<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">A federal investment into a loan guarantees bridges bureaucratic and budget gaps between the states and is the best approach for a NIB ==== <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">**McConaghy and Perez 11** Ryan McConaghy, Director of the Economic Program, and Jessica Perez, Economic Program Policy Advisor (Ryan, Jessica, “Five Reasons Why BUILD is Better”, The Schwartz Initiative on American Economic Policy, June 2011, @http://content.thirdway.org/publications/404/Third_Way_Memo_-_Five_Reasons_Why_BUILD_is_Better.pdf ) RaPa <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Across the country, job-creating infrastructure projects are stalled for lack of investment <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">America investing what it needs to win the future without such innovative approaches. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Only federal action solves uniformity and investment
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">** DUTTON ’10 ** – staff editor (Audrey, “Transportation Infrastructure Bank Plan Would Cost $4B”. @http://www.bondbuyer.com/issues/119_270/2011-budget-transportation-projects-1006756-1.html ) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Total new obligations for surface transportation — including highways, bridges, and a new <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">AND <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">, airports, aviation, and ports — almost the whole transportation universe.¶