BFJR+Damian+and+Dylan

**First, Nano Development in Mexico is on the rise – it’s unregulated and risks spinning out of control**
Inter Press Service 2k12 (Tierramérica, “MEXICO: Scientists Call For Regulation of Nanotechnology,” 03/12/2012, http://www.tierramerica.info/nota.php?lang=eng&idnews=3920&olt=568, AC) MEXICO CITY, Mar 12 (Tierramérica).- Nanotech nology, //which is ...// among other products.

**And, haphazard development risks spilling over – Latin America is a potential hotbed for Nanotech, but lack of controls or vision risks disaster**
Foladori and Lau 2k7 (ReLANS coordinators, Doctoral Program in Development Studies Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas Zacatecas, México, “Nanotechnologies in Latin America,” pg online @ [] //um-ef) At the beginning ... in this regard.

**This Causes Toxic Poisoning of the Environment**
Vandermolen 2k6 (LCDR Thomas D. Vandermolen, USN (BS, Louisiana Tech University; MA, Naval War College), is officer in charge, Maritime Science and Technology Center, Yokosuka, Japan. He was previously assigned as a student at the Naval War College, Newport Naval Station, Rhode Island. He has also served as intelligence officer for Carrier Wing Five, Naval Air Facility, Atsugi, Japan, and in similar assignments with US Special Operations Command, US Forces Korea, and Sea Control Squadron THIRTY-FIVE, Naval Air Station, North Island, California. AIR & SPACE POWER JOUNRAL, Fall, 2006, “Molecular nanotechnology and national security,” pg online @ [] //um-ef) Environmental Damage. MNT was ... to those nanoparticles .26

**Extinction**
CRN 4 (Center for Responsible Nanotechnology, 4/19/04, “Disaster Scenarios”, [] //nz)// // Subquestion F //: Environmental devastation// ... // the human race//.

Observation 2: Mexico
====**First, Nanotech is a potential savior for the developing world, but current nanotech policies avoid places like Latin America - despite substantial market opportunity, businesses refuse to invest—we link turn your k**==== Wilson Center 2k7 (Woodrow Wilson Internatonal Center for scholars “The promise of Nanotechnology” may 2007 pg online @ [] //um-ef) The market opportunity ... relatively low cost."

**This is specifically true in Latin America**
Foladori and Lau 2k7 (ReLANS coordinators, Doctoral Program in Development Studies Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas Zacatecas, México, “Nanotechnologies in Latin America,” pg online @ [] //um-ef) There has been ... behind their implementation.

**Collaboration is key – only way to ensure Pro-Poor Research**
Lodwick et al 7 (T. Lodwick*, R. Rodrigues**, R. Sandler***, W.D. Kay * Nanotechnology and Society Research Group (NSRG), Northeastern University **Santa Clara University, School of Law,** *NSRG, Department of Philosophy and Religion, Northeastern University, NSRG, Deapartment of Political Science, Northeastern University, “nanotechnology and the global poor: the united states policy and international collaborations” pg online @ [], AC) Perhaps the most //... (pro-poor research// ).

**And, Nanotech in Latin America is critical – Saves thousands of lives and provides the best laboratories for development of disease prevention techniques**
VOA News 2k9 (“Nanotechnology Could Improve Health Care in Developing Countries,” pg online @ http://www.voanews.com/articleprintview/347615.html //um-ef) Scientists say nanotech nology, ... nano-based medicines.

**And, Disease spread causes extinction**
Yu 2k9 (5/22, Victoria, Dartmouth Undergraduate Journal of Science, "Human extinction: the uncertainty of our fate", http://dujs.dartmouth.edu/spring-2009/human-extinction-the-uncertainty-of-our-fate) A pandemic will ... human-viable strain (10).

**Nanotech solves disease—reject generic defense—quantum dots sidestep conventional disease prevention**
Court et al 04 (E. Court*, A. Daar**, E. Martin***, T. Acharya, P. Singer* *University of Toronto Joint Center for Bioethics, Canada **McLaughlin Centre for Molecular Medicine and Departments of Public Health Sciences and Surgery, University of Toronto; University of Toronto Joint Center for Bioethics, Canada** *University of Toronto Joint Center for Bioethics, Canada University of Toronto Joint Center for Bioethics, Canada * University of Toronto Joint Center for Bioethics, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada, “Will Prince Charles et al diminish the opportunities of developing countries in nanotechnology?”, 01/28/2004, []//VS) Nanotech nology offers a ... for economic development.

**And, Mexico is key – Provides a Nano Model for Developing Countries –**
Lau 08 (Researcher of the Latin American Nanotechnology & Society Network ¶ (ReLANS); PhD. ¶ Candidate in Development Studies at the Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas (Edgar Zayago, “Nanotechnology may be more useful for Mexican society”, 2008, []//VS) As one of ... above all social assessments.

**First, U.S. Tech Leadership is collapsing and that’s an existential risk**
Dr. Hummell et al 2k12 (Robert Hummel, PhD1,*, Policy Research Division, Potomac Institute for Policy Studies,, Patrick Cheetham1, Justin Rossi1, Synesis: A Journal of Science, Technology, Ethics, and Policy 2012 “US Science and Technology Leadership, and Technology Grand Challenges,” pg online @ [] //um-ef) Taken together, there ... throughout the society.

**And, Locking-in Tech leadership __reduces conflict__**
Goldstein 2k7 (Avery Goldstein, David M. Knott Professor of Global Politics and International Relations at the University of Pennsylvania, Associate Director of the Christopher H. Browne Center for International Politics, Senior Fellow at the Foreign Policy Research Institute, holds a Ph.D. from the University of California-Berkeley, 2007 (“Power transitions, institutions, and China's rise in East Asia: Theoretical expectations and evidence,” Journal of Strategic Studies, Volume 30, Number 4-5, August-October, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Taylor & Francis Online, p. 647-648) Two closely related ... it will define.

**Unfortunately, Funding cuts have hampered USAIDS efforts in technological assistance—greater funding is necessary to utilize USAID’s unique leadership**
Miotke 8 – subcommittee on research and science education, committee on science and technology, House of Representatives, 110 Congress, Foreign Service Officer, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Science, Space, and Health (Jeff, “International Science and Technology Cooperation,” Government Printing Office, 4/2/2008, [])//RH USAID plays a ... negotiated by OES.

**And, Assistance in the form of technological cooperation in nanotech enhances US global technology leadership**
Dr. Mendis 2k4 [Dr. Patrick Mendis adjunct associate professor of economics and management at the UMUC Graduate School of Management and Technology at the University of Maryland “Science, Technology, And Intellectual Property Rights In American Foreign Policy”. Journal of Technology Law & Policy.Vol 9 June 2004 Issue 1.[]] In coming years ... peace and prosperity.

**Nanotech development assistance paves the way for regulatory frameworks and commerce**
Lodwick et al 2k7 (T. Lodwick*, R. Rodrigues**, R. Sandler***, W.D. Kay * Nanotechnology and Society Research Group (NSRG), Northeastern University **Santa Clara University, School of Law,** *NSRG, Department of Philosophy and Religion, Northeastern University, NSRG, Deapartment of Political Science, Northeastern University, “nanotechnology and the global poor: the united states policy and international collaborations” pg online @ http://www.nsti.org/procs/Nanotech2007v1/8/T81.501 //um-ef)// // However, the greatest ...// nanotech// nology //into development.//

**US nanotech leadership ensures international regulation, resulting in controlled military nanotech**
Vandermolen 2k6 (LCDR Thomas D. Vandermolen, USN (BS, Louisiana Tech University; MA, Naval War College), is officer in charge, Maritime Science and Technology Center, Yokosuka, Japan. He was previously assigned as a student at the Naval War College, Newport Naval Station, Rhode Island. He has also served as intelligence officer for Carrier Wing Five, Naval Air Facility, Atsugi, Japan, and in similar assignments with US Special Operations Command, US Forces Korea, and Sea Control Squadron THIRTY-FIVE, Air & Space Power Jounral, “Molecular nanotechnology and national security, pg online @ [] //um-ef)// // MOLECULAR NANOTECHNOLOGY ( MNT ), ... // that day arrives//.

**Unregulated development of nanotech risks a new arms race – increases the probability of miscalc**
Gubrud 97 (Mark Avrum Gubrud, a research associate, Center for Superconductivity Research (University of Maryland, College Park), is ''a physicist, writer and social activist, November 1997, [], “Nanotechnology and International Security”) The greatest danger ... //next world war//.

**US action and model is key to cooperation and transparency**
Altmann 2k4 (Jurgen, Phd. physics doctoral dissertation on laser radar (University of Hamburg, Germany, since 1985 he has studied scientific-technical problems of disarmament, first concerning high-energy laser weapons, founded the Bochum Verification Project (Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany) that does research into the potential of automatic sensor systems for co-operative verification of disarmament and peace agreements. In recent years, he has studied military uses of, first, microsystems technologies and then nanotechnology, with a view towards preventive arms control (both at University of Dortmund, Germany). University of Dortmund). cofounder of the German Research Association Science, Disarmament and International Security FONAS, and currently is a deputy speaker of the Committee Physics and Disarmament of the German Physical Society, military uses of nanotechnology: perspectives and concerns, security dialogue, vol 35, pg online @ [] ) It is predicted ... briefly described here.

**And, independently that Transparency will be critical to build confidence and avert miscalc**
Altmann 2k4 (Jurgen, Phd. physics doctoral dissertation on laser radar (University of Hamburg, Germany, since 1985 he has studied scientific-technical problems of disarmament, first concerning high-energy laser weapons, founded the Bochum Verification Project (Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany) that does research into the potential of automatic sensor systems for co-operative verification of disarmament and peace agreements. In recent years, he has studied military uses of, first, microsystems technologies and then nanotechnology, with a view towards preventive arms control (both at University of Dortmund, Germany). University of Dortmund). cofounder of the German Research Association Science, Disarmament and International Security FONAS, and currently is a deputy speaker of the Committee Physics and Disarmament of the German Physical Society, military uses of nanotechnology: perspectives and concerns, security dialogue, vol 35, pg online @ [] ) The potential for ... military NT R&D.

**And, the plan is a long-term engagement strategy that provides a platform for S&T leadership and U.S. Science Diplomacy**
Dolan 2k12 (Bridget M. Dolan, “Science and Technology Agreements as Tools for Science Diplomacy: A U.S. Case Study,” Science & Diplomacy, Vol. 1, No. 4 (December 2012), pg online @ http://www.sciencediplomacy.org/files/science_and_technology_agreements_as_tools_for_science_diplomacy_science__diplomacy.pdf //um-ef)// // As this paper ... //meaningful international partnerships//.

**And, that solves every disad impact**
Fedoroff 8 – subcommittee on research and science education, committee on science and technology, House of Representatives, 110 Congress, administrator of USAID, science and technology advisor to the Secretary of State and US Department of State (Nina, “International Science and Technology Cooperation,” Government Printing Office, 4/2/2008, [])//RH// // Chairman Baird, Ranking //...// and create sustainability.

Renewables Aff

Warming is real – anthropogenic CO2 overwhelms natural causes
Hansen, environmental science professor, et al., ’13 [J. Hansen and Makiko Sato, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Columbia University adjunct professor of Earth and Environmental Science; and Reto Ruedy, Trinnovim – Goddard Center scientific support, 1/15/13, “Global Temperature Update Through 2012,” http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/mailings/2013/20130115_Temperature2012.pdf, accessed 1/19/13, JTF] *Climate forcing – an imposed perturbation of the planet's energy balance that would tend to alter global temperature. *El Nino – oceanic oscillation that tends to increase surface temperature * El Nina – oceanic oscillation that decreases surface temperature

Global surface temperature in 2012 … inevitably into the next El Nino phase.

Top climate scientists agree – it’s the most likely risk
Anderegg et al 10 – PhD Candidate @ Stanford in Biology

(William, “Expert credibility in climate change,” National Academy of Sciences, p. 12107-12109)//BB

Preliminary reviews of scientific literature and surveys of cli- mate scientists …, and public forums regarding anthropogenic climate change.

Warming is reversible but the brink is now
Lemonick, Climate Central, ’12 [Michael D. Lemonick, senior staff writer at Climate Central, a non-profit climate reporting service, and a former senior science writer at Time magazine, 12/21/12, “It’s Not Too Late to Limit Global Temperatures - But Almost,” http://www.climatecentral.org/news/its-not-too-late-to-limit-global-temperatures-but-almost-15397, accessed 12/23/12, JTF]

For a couple of years now, … from power-plant smokestacks before it can enter the atmosphere.

This is our last chance to reduce anthropogenic warming.
Somerville 11 – Professor of Oceanography @ UCSD¶ (Richard Somerville, Distinguished Professor Emeritus and Research Professor at Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego, Coordinating Lead Author in Working Group I for the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 3-8-2011, “CLIMATE SCIENCE AND EPA'S GREENHOUSE GAS REGULATIONS,” CQ Congressional Testimony, Lexis)//BB

1n early 20 07, … well within this century.

Renewables can solve all emissions and global warming
Bose 10 (Bimal K. Bose, The Condra Chair of Excellence in power electronics at the University of Tennessee, March 2010, “Global Warming: Energy, Environmental Pollution and the Impact of Power Electronics”, Industrial Electronics Magazine, IEEE 4.1// JG)

Nuclear power is claimed to be environmentally clean,… generation, transmission, distribution, and utilization of electrical energy.

Only the plan solves – climate cooperation must be sustainable – failing now
Mabey 9 (Nick Mabey, Founder of E3G, a foundation that wants to excel the sustainable future of the world, What does the Security Community need from a ¶ Global Climate Regime?, [], November 2009, 8/1/13, //CW)

The grid above presents four scenarios …. whatever security interventions ¶ are undertaken.

Reliance on unilateralism will collapse US leadership a litany of impacts including terror, hunger, poverty, and prolif
Montalván, 10 - a 17-year veteran of the U.S. Army including multiple combat tours in Iraq, master's of science from Columbia University's Graduate School of Journalism (Luis, “Multilateralism is Essential for Peace in the 21st Century” Huffington Post, 4/23, [])

Unilateralism is the wrong approach … create rather than divide common ground.

Proliferation causes extinction – This card is goddamn awesome
Kroenig, 12 [, Matthew, Assistant Professor of Government, Georgetown University and Stanton Nuclear Security Fellow, Council on Foreign Relations, May 26th “The History of Proliferation Optimism: Does It Have A Future?” [])

Proliferation Optimism: Proliferation optimism was … result in a devastating nuclear exchange.

All their impacts are inevitable in a world without multilateralism— multilat is key
Tharoor 3 (Minister of State for Human Resources Development (Shashi, “Why America Still Needs the United Nations”, p. 67)

The UN's relevance does not stand or fall on its conduct on any one issue…. to work in partnership with the United States.

Mexico Leadership key to climate multilateralism
O’Neill 13 – PhD in Government @ Harvard, senior fellow for Latin America Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations, a nonpartisan foreign-policy think tank and membership organization

(Shannon, “Mexico Makes It: A Transformed Society, Economy, and Government,” Foreign Affairs, 92.2)//BB

If Mexico addresses these challenges … trade, and c limate change accords

Extinction outweighs – math is on our side
Bostrom, philosophy professor, ’11 [Nick Bostrom, Professor in the Faculty of Philosophy & Oxford Martin School, Director of the Future of Humanity Institute, and Director of the Programme on the Impacts of Future Technology at the University of Oxford, recipient of the 2009 Eugene R. Gannon Award for the Continued Pursuit of Human Advancement, holds a Ph.D. in Philosophy from the London School of Economics, 2011, “The Concept of Existential Risk,” Draft of a Paper published on ExistentialRisk.com, http://www.existentialrisk.com/concept.html, Accessed 07-04-2011]

Holding probability constant, risks become more serious … the positive value of the direct benefit of such an action. [13]

You have an obligation to vote aff – extinction is a prior question
Scorse, International Studies professor, ’10 [Jason, Middlebury College International Studies professor, published October 2010, “What Environmentalists Need to Know About Economics”]

Even though the science now … for choosing the proper discount rate.

Best methodology proves warming causes extinction – positive feedbacks and tipping points subsume your warrants.
Guterl 12 – Executive Editor of Scientific American, expert in Climate and Environment, Science Policy, citing James Hanson, a NASA scientist (Fred, “Climate Armageddon: How the World’s Weather Could Quickly Run Amok”, 5/25/12; < http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=how-worlds-weather-could-quickly-run-amok>)//Beddow

The world has warmed since those … transition from one state to another.

Warming outweighs every other impact – history is irrelevant
Valsamma, physics professor, ’12 [K.M. Valsamma, Cochin University of Science and Technology physics professor, March 2012, “Prospecting the Future: Meeting the Challenges Posed by Climate Change,” Bonfring International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management Science, Vol. 2, No. 1, http://www.bonfring.org/journals/iems/papers/BIJ-002-1074.pdf, accessed 1/29/13, JTF]

The emissions from human activities is reshaping… //diversity by the destruction of natural habitats”.//

Multiple scenarios for extinction
Brandenburg, physicist, and Paxson, science writer, ’99 [John Brandenburg, plasma physicist, worked in defense, energy, and space research, visiting Prof. Researcher @ Florida Space Institute, and part of the Clementine Mission to the Moon which discovered water at the Moon's poles; Monica Paxson, Science and environment writer, “Dead Mars, Dying Earth,” pgs. 232-233]

The ozone hole expands, … a few hardy microbes surviving.

Renewables solve water treatment
Huacuz 5 (Jorge M. Huacuz, PhD @ UC-San Diego in physics, specialist in unconventional energy sources, president of the national association of solar energy in Mexico November 2005 “The road to green power in Mexico – reflections on the prospects for the large-scale and sustainable implementation of renewable energy” Energy Policy 33.16// JG)

From the availability, supply and environmental points of view, … are examples of the most obvious inner sources of green power in this sector.

Clean water scarcity perpetuates the rich poor binary – means disease, poverty, and death
Ereklam 09 (Franziska Erklam, Aarhus School of Business, University of Aarhus, Peer reviewed by Academic Supervisor: Christian Bjørnskov, [], “To which extent is water shortage a key ¶ determinant for a retarded economic growth? ¶ A case study of Mexico City”, September 2009, 7/19/13, //CW)

Despite institutional efforts, … bottled water in the last decade

Disease means extinction

 * Discover 2000** (“Twenty Ways the World Could End” by Corey Powell in Discover Magazine, October 2000, http://discovermagazine.com/2000/oct/featworld)

If Earth doesn't do us in, … as they migrated into the New World.

Renewables solve quickly – outside expertise is key
Carus 13 - UK journalist, regularly reporting on clean energy policy and finance from California for a global audience

(Felicity, “Mexico offers tantalising prospect of a dawning major market,” http://www.pv-tech.org/editors_blog/mexico_offers_tantalising_prospect_of_a_dawning_major_market)//BB

Solar investors in the US and further … potential gas pipelines,” said Hanhausen.

Feds key to a //__coordinated__// and //__comprehensive__// strategy
Romero-Hernandez 12 – Professor @ Berkeley, PhD in Process Economics and Environmental Impact from Imperial College, London, UK

(Omar, et al, Wilson Center, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/Border_Biofuel_Romero.pdf)//BB

The growing potential for renewable energy … and identify the most effective ¶ paths forward.

Obama already proposed renewable collaboration – no Das but didn’t solve the aff
Fredrick 20 13 (James. “Obama proposes closer renewable energy ties with Mexico” BN Americas. http://www.bnamericas.com/news/electricpower/obama-proposes-closer-renewable-energy-ties-between-us-mexico)

US //President// Barack //…// buildings as opportunities for the two countries.

No seriously, no link uniqueness
AP 6/24 (“AP sources: Obama to expand renewable energy”, [|http://www.wkyc.com/news/article/303807/226/Obama-to-unveil-climate-plan-in-Tuesday-speech,//] JG)

WASHINGTON -- President Barack Obama is preparing g… to increase efficiency for appliances.

US technical assistance is key
Farnsworth, 13 --- vice president of the Council of the Americas and Americas Society (4/11/2013, Eric, “ENERGY SECURITY OPPORTUNITIES IN LATIN AMERICA

AND THE CARIBBEAN, HEARING BEFORE THE HOUSE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE, [], JMP)

More broadly, the//U// nited //S// tates … the investment climate and the rule of law.

Agency oversight means only we solve
GNEB 11 – Good Neighbor Environmental Board, The Good Neighbor Environmental Board was created in 1992 by the Enterprise for the Americas ¶ Initiative Act, Public Law 102-532.The purpose of the Board is to “advise the President and the ¶ Congress on the need for implementation of environmental and infrastructure projects (including ¶ projects that affect agriculture, rural development, and human nutrition) within the States of the ¶ United States contiguous to Mexico in order to improve the quality of life of persons residing on ¶ the United States side of the border.” ¶ The Board is charged with submitting an annual report to the President and the Congress. ¶ Management responsibilities for the Board were delegated to the Administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by Executive Order 12916 on May 13, 1994

(“The Potential Environmental and Economic Benefits of Renewable Energy Development in the U.S.-Mexico Border Region,” http://www.epa.gov/ofacmo/gneb/gneb14threport/English-GNEB-14th-Report.pdf)//BB//

Several U.S. federal agencies // play a role …  comp