ACHM+Kai+Amelia


 * 2a--Amelia Moser a.allicat [at] gmail [dot] com**
 * 2n--Kai Yan sunsfan96 [at] gmail [dot] com**

**1ac--mexico renewables**

Relations

 * Contention 1 is US-Mexican Relations**

Reyes 13 – JD, member of the USA Today Board of Contributors (Raul, April, “Opinion: President Obama has the chance to improve US/Mexico relations,” [|http://nbclatino.com/2013/04/29/opinion-president-obama-has-the-chance-to-improve-usmexico-relations/)//BB] Obama will arrive in Mexico with good and bad news. On the positive side  AND  foreign policy with Mexico based on its potential, not on its problems.
 * A bilateral partnership over energy is key to a sustainable relationship – boosts the Mexican economy, solves regional violence and resolves anti-US sentiment**

Miller and DeLeon 9 - *Stephanie, consultant on U.S.-Latin America relations and was formerly the Research Associate for the Americas Project on the National Security Team. Born in Venezuela with family from Colombia, Miller earned her degree from Duke University in International Comparative Studies with a focus on Latin America. She currently lives in Bogotá, Colombia, **Rudy, Senior Vice President of National Security and International Policy at American Progress (“Transcending the Rio Grande,” http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2009/04/pdf/mexico.pdf)//BB The U.S.-Mexico relationship is ready for renewed collaboration on a range AND of the United States’ most important and strategic allies in ¶ the hemisphere.
 * Thinking BEYOND security is key – energy cooperation overcomes alternate impediments and creates a resilient partnership**

Donnelly 10 – Program Associate, Mexico Institute @ Wilson Center (Robert, “U.S.-Mexico Cooperation on Renewable Energy: Building a Green Agenda,” http://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/us-mexico-cooperation-renewable-energy-building-green-agenda)//BB Discussant Johanna Mendelson Forman stressed the linkages connecting climate change, energy, and economic AND S. companies suffer from a lack of adequate //export-import financing//.
 * SEQUENCING is vital – CLIMATE cooperation FIRST spills over to the rest of relations**

Valencia 13 - New York-based political analyst and is a contributing writer for Global Voices Online (Robert, “U.S. and Latin America: Economic Cooperation without Militarization?,” http://www.worldpolicy.org/blog/2013/05/20/us-and-latin-america-economic-cooperation-without-militarization)//BB In May, President Barack Obama visited Mexico and Costa Rica and vowed to strengthen AND Latin American countries will forge ahead with economic and security integration amongst themselves.
 * Only Obama solves – reverses Anti-US sentiment throughout Latin America**

Barry 13 – senior policy analyst at the Center for International Policy, where he directs the TransBorder project, he specializes in immigration policy, homeland security, border security and the outsourcing of national security, has authored or co-authored more than twenty books on Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, food aid, the United Nations, free trade and U.S. foreign policy (Tom, “Changing Perspectives on US-Mexico Relations,” http://truth-out.org/news/item/16221-changing-perspectives-on-us-mexico-relations)//BB It’s unfortunate that the two presidents chose to hold their May 2-3 summit AND and part of the larger North American community with shared interests and responsibilities.
 * US-Mexico climate cooperation prevents Latin skirmishes from escalating to war**

Rochin 94 –Professor of Political Science (James, Professor of Political Science at Okanagan University College, Discovering the Americas: the evolution of Canadian foreign policy towards Latin America, pp. 130-131)//BB While there were economic motivations for Canadian policy in Central America, security considerations were AND , such as Contadora, as will be discussed in the next chapter.
 * Latin American wars go global**

Storrs 6 (K. Larry Storrs, Specialist in Latin American Affairs, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division of CRS, 1/18/2006 “Mexico’s Importance and Multiple Relationships with the United States”, [] )//JG Sharing a 2,000-mile border and extensive interconnections through the Gulf of AND , and border, //terrorism// , ¶ health, environment, and energy issues.
 * Relations solve border terrorism**

McCaul 12 – JD @ St. Mary’s, former federal prosecutor (Michael, “A LINE IN THE SAND: COUNTERING CRIME, VIOLENCE AND TERROR AT THE SOUTHWEST BORDER,” UNITED STATES HOUSE COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY, Lexis)//BB Terrorism remains a serious threat to the security of the United States. The Congressional AND on U.S. soil ¶ into a //weapon of mass destruction//.
 * The impact is an attack on US soil**

Ayson 10 - Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington (Robert, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 33.7, InformaWorld)//BB But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear attack and a AND be admitted that any preemption would probably still meet with a devastating response.
 * Nuclear war**

DeLong 13 - Professor of Economics at the University of California, Berkeley, a Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research, and a Visiting Fellow at the Kauffman Foundation (J. Bradford, “The Second Great Depression: Why the Economic Crisis is Worse Than You Think”, July/August 2013 Foreign Affairs)//Beddow Despite its many virtues, however, the book paints an overly optimistic portrait of AND States //is likely to suffer////another major economic crisis// in the years ahead __.__
 * Independently, a US economic crisis is coming**

Noriega and Cardenas 12 – *Former US State Dept Official, ** director with Vision Americas (“An action plan for US policy in the Americas,” December, http://www.aei.org/outlook/foreign-and-defense-policy/regional/latin-america/an-action-plan-for-us-policy-in-the-americas/)//BB Key points in this Outlook: America’s economic crisis and threats to US security have //undermined its traditional global-leadership// //AND// its own hemisphere. A prosperous hemisphere means a more prosperous United States.
 * Latin energy connectivity is key to growth**

Khalilzad 11 – PhD, Former Professor of Political Science @ Columbia, Former ambassador to Iraq and Afghanistan (Zalmay Khalilzad was the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush and the director of policy planning at the Defense Department from 1990 to 1992. "The Economy and National Security" Feb 8 http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/259024/economy-and-national-security-zalmay-khalilzad)//BB Today, economic and fiscal trends pose the most severe long-term threat to AND , hostile states would be emboldened to make aggressive moves in their regions.
 * US growth solves great power war**

Warming

 * Advantage two – warming**

Anderegg et al 10 – PhD Candidate @ Stanford in Biology (William, “Expert credibility in climate change,” National Academy of Sciences, p. 12107-12109)//BB Preliminary reviews of scientific literature and surveys of cli- mate scientists indicate striking agreement AND discussions in media, policy, and public forums regarding anthropogenic climate change.
 * Global warming is real and human induced – top climate scientists agree**


 * It’s not inevitable --- __every increment__ of CO2 is key**
 * Matthews and Soloman 13** ( H. Damon Matthews and Susan Solomon, Associate Professor and 2009/2010 University Research Fellow in the Department of Geography Planning and Environment at Concordia and an atmospheric chemist, working for most of her career at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, “Irreversible does not mean unavoidable”, 4-26, http://www.sciencemag.org/content/340/6131/438.full.pdf?keytype=ref&siteid=sci&ijkey=X0PL7KHfd9%2FH6)

Understanding how decreases in CO2 emissions would affect global temperatures has been hampered in recent AND the same time scale as the political decisions that lead to the reductions.

COCEF 12 - La Comisión de Cooperación Ecológica Fronteriza (“Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy and Transportation: Project Opportunities in the U.S. – Mexico Border Region,” http://www.cocef.org/Eng/VLibrary/Publications/SpecialReports/BECC%20WP%20%20Nov%202011%20index.pdf)//BB This white paper describes the current deficit in the U.S.-Mexico border AND and the funds will need a //highly// ¶ //capacitated// and //experienced program manager//.
 * Technical assistance for renewables significantly reduces greenhouse gases**


 * Mexico is key:**

Wood 10 – PhD in Political Studies @ Queen’s, Professor @ ITAM in Mexico City (Duncan, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, http://www.statealliancepartnership.org/resources_files/USMexico_Cooperation_Renewable_Energies.pdf)//BB The North American context ¶ The North American economic region is experiencing an impact from AND //economic and financial incentives// for public or private sector ¶ development of renewable resources
 * First – production – they have ENORMOUS renewable energy potential**

ENS 12 – Environmental News Service (“U.S., Canada, Mexico Vow ‘Continental’ Energy Grid,” http://www.reepedia.com/archives/4568)//BB The leaders of the United States, Mexico, and Canada today pledged to develop AND , including electricity generation and interconnection and welcome increasing North American energy trade.”
 * Second – technology transfer – Mexico will spread the green tech globally**

O’Neill 13 – PhD in Government @ Harvard, senior fellow for Latin America Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations, a nonpartisan foreign-policy think tank and membership organization (Shannon, “Mexico Makes It: A Transformed Society, Economy, and Government,” Foreign Affairs, 92.2)//BB If Mexico addresses these challenges, it will emerge as a //powerful player// on the AND institutions and help construct new international financial, trade, and //climatechange accords//.
 * Third – international cooperation – Mexican leadership leads to GLOBAL climate agreements**

Peña-Franco 13 – Emerging Markets Analyst and Strategist, financial and political risk analyst, focus on Latin America, education at Columbia University School of International and Public Affairs (Ramón, “The Great Debate: Will Mexico Assume Clear Leadership in South America”, Columbia University School of International and Public Affairs Journal of International Affairs, 4/4/13; < http://jia.sipa.columbia.edu/great-debate-will-mexico-assume-clear-leadership-latin-america>)//Beddow As many Latin American countries face an adverse policy outlook, they will be increasingly AND configuration, with //Mexico setting a model// to other //commodity-driven economies//.
 * Fourth, Mexican economic leadership is modeled**

Measured by environmental impact and economic importance, the electricity industry is one of the AND in terms of siting, public acceptability, cost, or other factors.
 * Electricity is key to solve warming**
 * Morgan et al. 5** – Carnegie Mellon University (Granger Morgan, Jay Apt, and Lester Lave, “The U.S. Electric Power Sector and Climate Change Mitigation” Pew Center on Global Climate Change, June 2005, http://wpweb2.tepper.cmu.edu/ceic/papers/USElectricPower.pdf) MR

A year ago, I wrote to Gordon Brown asking him to place a moratorium AND that would be committed to extinction if carbon dioxide rose another 100 ppm.
 * Solving coal is sufficient to prevent extinction**
 * Hansen 9** - Director of Nasa's Goddard Institute for Space Studies ¶ James Hansen, Professor of Earth and Environmental Sciences @ Columbia University and Ph.D. in Physics from the University of Iowa), “Coal-fired power stations are death factories. Close them,” The Observer, Sunday 15 February 2009, pg. http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/feb/15/james-hansen-power-plants-coal


 * Global warming causes extinction – positive feedback loops cause ozone depletion, desertification, flooding and more**
 * Brandenburg & Paxton ’99** physicist and researcher at the Florida Space Institute, AND award-winning author and expert on global warming. This book was the winner of the Silver Medal in the Ben Franklin awards for books on science and environment [John & Monica //Dead Mars, Dying Earth//, p. 232]

One can imagine a scenario for global catastrophe that runs similarly. If the human AND Mars—red, desolate, with perhaps a few hardy microbes surviving.

Mazo 10 – PhD in Paleoclimatology from UCLA (Jeffrey Mazo, Managing Editor, Survival and Research Fellow for Environmental Security and Science Policy at the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London, 3-2010, “Climate Conflict: How global warming threatens security and what to do about it,” pg. 122)//BB The best estimates for global warming to the end of the century range from 2 AND adaptation to these extremes would mean profound social, cultural and political changes.
 * Quickening reductions is the only way to avoid catastrophe**

__The world’s oceans may be turning acidic faster__ today __from human carbon emissions than they __ AND __species goes extinct it’s gone forever. We’re playing a very dangerous game__ .”
 * Independently, increased emissions cause ocean acidification and extinction.**
 * Romm 12** – physicist and climate expert, Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Senior Fellow at the Center for American Progress (Joseph J., “Science: Ocean Acidifying so fast that it threatens humanity’s ability to feed itself”, 3/2/12; < http://earthlawcenter.org/news/headline/science-ocean-acidifying-so-fast-it-threatens-humanitys-ability-to-feed-itself/>)//Beddow

Plan

 * The United States federal government should substantially increase its economic engagement toward Mexico by providing Border Environmental Cooperation Commission related renewable energy assistance to Mexico. **

Solvency

 * Finally – solvency**

COCEF 12 - La Comisión de Cooperación Ecológica Fronteriza (“Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy and Transportation: Project Opportunities in the U.S. – Mexico Border Region,” http://www.cocef.org/Eng/VLibrary/Publications/SpecialReports/BECC%20WP%20%20Nov%202011%20index.pdf)//BB SECTION 4: BECC – THE BORDER TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PROVIDER 25 ¶ Since 1995, AND show a //clear and ample need// for //technical assistance// in the focus sectors.
 * An expanded BECC role quickly facilitates a Mexican green economy**

Carus 13 - UK journalist, regularly reporting on clean energy policy and finance from California for a global audience (Felicity, “Mexico offers tantalising prospect of a dawning major market,” http://www.pv-tech.org/editors_blog/mexico_offers_tantalising_prospect_of_a_dawning_major_market)//BB He added that construction of a natural gas pipeline from the US could supply areas AND play much faster than the installation of potential gas pipelines,” said Hanhausen.
 * Renewables solve quickly**

Hartsoch 11 – MA @ San Jose State, Senior Vice President of Marketing and Sales for SolFocus (Nancy, “A Sunny Future for Border Relations?,” http://breakingenergy.com/2011/05/10/featured-a-sunny-future-for-border-relations/)//BB Amidst the darkening cloud of violence that grips the US-Mexico border region , AND a //more effective// means to creating a peaceful, prosperous, cleaner future.
 * Specifically – the US is key**

Yang 12 – World Resources Institute (Ailun, “What Is The Future Of King Coal In China?” http://insights.wri.org/news/2012/10/what-future-king-coal-china) China’s great thirst for coal is undeniably troubling from a sustainable development standpoint. However AND transform its energy system towards a more //clean and low-carbon future//.
 * China wants to go green now – their “won’t transition” cards are reasons the plan is key**

Seelke and Finklea 13 (Clare Ribando Seelke is a Specialist in Latin American Affairs and Kristin M. Finklea is an Analyst in Domestic Security “U.S.-Mexican Security Cooperation: The Mérida Initiative and Beyond”, June 12, 2013, [], A.S.) Inaugurated on December 1, 2012, Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto has vowed to AND Mexico is meeting the human rights conditions placed on ¶ Mérida Initiative funding.
 * Your links are still all non-unique – Merida aid**

Wood 13 – PhD, Director of Mexico Institute (Duncan, “Hearing Before the Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives,” March 14, Lexis)//BB Looking ahead to the next four years of interaction between governments of Mexico and the AND a //great// er //potential// for engagement than at any time in ¶ recent memory.
 * Status quo can’t solve – their evidence is SPECULATION about RHETORICAL COMMITMENTS to cooperation – those depend on continued political will**

Wood 13 – PhD, Director of Mexico Institute (Duncan, “Hearing Before the Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives,” March 14, Lexis)//BB Underlying all three of these areas are broader concerns about regional economic competitiveness and ¶ AND . ¶ in areas such as pricing, regulation and industry best practices.
 * US technical assistance is key to FOLLOW THROUGH on commitments**

Friedman 6-18 – Staff @ Climate Wire (Lisa, “Latin America Enjoys Abundant Renewable Energy but Lacks Policies for Use,” Scientfic American, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=latin-america-enjoys-abundant-renewable-energy-but-lacks-policies-for-use)//BB Latin America and the Caribbean could meet 100 percent of their electricity needs with renewable AND and that policies to promote renewable energy come at a high economic cost.
 * There is an advantage to //linear// advancements of renewable energy – key to meet demands of a growing economy**

Climatescope, to be formally launched at Rio+20 on 19 June.
 * Latin America is a vital market for renewable energy production, but it’s lagging behind now – cooperation and investment from the US is key.**
 * O’Toole 12** ­– teacher of Latin American Politivs at the region of Queen Mary, University of London, former visiting postdoctoral fellow at the Institute for the Study of the Americas, subeditor of the Observer, contributor to Reuters, Al Jazeera, and the Guardian (Gavin, “Red light for green energy in Latin America and the Caribbean”, 6/8/12; < http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/2012/jun/08/green-energy-latin-america-caribbean)//Beddow
 * __Latin America and the Caribbean are failing to attract private capital to clean energy projects__**
 * __AND__**