Andy-Cole

vs: encryption: T-Curtail, PTX, CNCI CP, Circumvention case turns
 * 1NC Args:**
 * VS islamophobia** Foucault, Framework, islamophobia pic


 * Past 2NRs:** Foucault, Circumvention Turns


 * 1ac**

Plan: The United States federal government should establish Federal Communications Commission oversight of the NSA to curtail its surveillance of United States communications infrastructure.
Legal prohibitions bar NSA domestic surveillance – but the lack of a credible oversight mechanism means the NSA actively captures US person data through section 702 and XO 12333
 * Contention 1 is Overreach**

Healey, 14 - J.D. Candidate, The George Washington University Law School (Audra, “A Tale of Two Agencies: Exploring Oversight of the National Security Administration by the Federal Communications Commission”, FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS LAW JOURNAL Vol. 67, December)

The NSA, originally formed to monitor outside threats to the security of the United

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opinion shows that Americans are dissatisfied with the reach of government surveillance.29 Existing oversight mechanisms guarantee NSA circumvention of prohibitions on domestic surveillance – that creates a confidence crisis in the future of the internet

Healey, 14 - J.D. Candidate, The George Washington University Law School (Audra, “A Tale of Two Agencies: Exploring Oversight of the National Security Administration by the Federal Communications Commission”, FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS LAW JOURNAL Vol. 67, December)

III. OVERSIGHT IS NEEDED, AND THE FCC SHOULD PROVIDE IT A. Existing

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all preventive executive, legislative, and internal controls have not been effective. The perception of surveillance overreach wrecks the US internet freedom agenda

Kehl, 14 – Policy Analyst at New America’s Open Technology Institute (Danielle, “Surveillance Costs: The NSA’s Impact on the Economy, Internet Freedom & Cybersecurity” July, https://www.newamerica.org/oti/surveillance-costs-the-nsas-impact-on-the-economy-internet-freedom-cybersecurity/

The effects of the NSA disclosures on the Internet Freedom agenda go beyond the realm

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overall decline in U.S. soft power on free expression issues. The US needs to draw a sharp distinction between domestic and national security surveillance to make the US Internet Freedom agenda credible – otherwise global internet fragmentation will result

Fontaine, 14 – President of the Center for a New American Security; was foreign policy advisor to Senator John McCain for more than five years; Worked at the State Department, the National Security Council and the Senate Foreign Relations Committee; was associate director for near Eastern affairs at the National Security Council; B.A. in International Relations from Tulan University (Richard, “Bringing Liberty Online; Reenergizing the Internet Freedom Agenda in a Post-Snowden Era”, Center for a New American Security, September 18, 2014, http://www.cnas.org/sites/default/files/publications-pdf/CNAS_BringingLibertyOnline_Fontaine.pdf)//TT//

//The 2013 revelations of mass surveillance by the U.S. government transformed the//

//AND//

//that EU officials said stemmed directly from worries after the Snowden disclosures.32// //Data localization will end internet freedom and cause global democratic rollbacks//

//Hill, 14 – Internet Policy at U.S. Department of Commerce (Jonah, “The Growth of Data Localization Post-Snowden: Analysis and Recommendations for U.S. Policymakers and Business Leaders”, The Hague Institute for Global Justice, Conference on the Future of Cyber Governance, 2014, May 1, 2014, SSRN)//TT

Free Expression and Internet Freedoms Are Not Well Served Most troubling of all the potential

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localization – namely, security for communications and economic development – are illusory. Democracy as spread by the global internet is vital to the emergence of global publics – that’s the key to solving all existential impacts

Keane, 11 – Professor of Politics at the University of Sydney (John, “Democracy in the Age of Google, Facebook and WikiLeaks” http://sydney.edu.au/arts/downloads/news/ALR.pdf)

Communicative abundance enables one other trend that is of life-and-death importance

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to those whose lives it currently shapes and reshapes, secures or wrecks. A free internet is vital to combating every existential threat

Eagleman, 10 - American neuroscientist and writer at Baylor College of Medicine, where he directs the Laboratory for Perception and Action and the Initiative on Neuroscience and Law (David, “Six ways the internet will save civilization” Wired, 9/10, http://www.wired.co.uk/magazine/archive/2010/12/start/apocalypse-no

Many great civilisations have fallen, leaving nothing but cracked ruins and scattered genetics.

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to suggest that the net may just be the technology that saves us. Data localization will destroy global economic growth

Chandler and Le, 15 - * Director, California International Law Center, Professor of Law and Martin Luther King, Jr. Hall Research Scholar, University of California, Davis; A.B., Harvard College; J.D., Yale Law School AND **Free Speech and Technology Fellow, California International Law Center; A.B., Yale College; J.D., University of California, Davis School of Law (Anupam and Uyen, “DATA NATIONALISM” 64 Emory L.J. 677, lexis)**


 * C. Economic Development Many governments believe that by forcing companies to localize data within**


 * AND**


 * aggregating data across borders. We discuss the impacts on these trends below.**

Economic decline causes nuclear war
Less intuitive is how periods of //economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict// AND not featured prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention.
 * Royal 10** – Jedediah Royal, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, 2010, “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises,” in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215

Contention 2 is Tech Leadership
 * NSA surveillance is crushing U.S. cloud-computing – decks competitiveness and spills over to the entire tech sector**


 * Donohue 15 – Professor of Law, Georgetown Law and Director, Center on National Security and the Law, Georgetown Law (Lauren, HIGH TECHNOLOGY, CONSUMER PRIVACY, AND U.S. NATIONAL SECURITY, Symposium Articles, 4 Am. U. Bus. L. Rev. 11 p.15-18, 2015, Hein Online)//JJ//**


 * //I. ECONOMIC IMPACT OF NSA PROGRAMS The NSA programs, and public awareness of//**


 * //AND//**


 * //by U.S. firms, gaining market share in the process.//**
 * //The best and newest research confirms the link//**


 * //Marthews and Tucker, 15 – * National Chair at Restore the Fourth AND//** //PhD in economics and professor of Marketing at MIT (Alex and Catherine, “Government Surveillance and Internet Search Behavior”, 29 April 2015, file:///C:/Users/17GGonzalez/Downloads/SSRN-id2412564%20(2).pdf)//gg//

//This study is the first to provide substantial empirical documentation of a chilling effect,//

//AND//

//potential for effects of government surveillance practices on commercial outcomes and international competitiveness.// //No alt causes-NSA surveillance is the most important cause//

//Donohue, 14 - Professor of Law, Georgetown University Law Center (Laura, “HIGH TECHNOLOGY, CONSUMER PRIVACY, AND U.S. NATIONAL SECURITY”, Georgetown University Law Center, 17 September 2014, http://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1119&context=cong)//gg

High technology is a vital part of the U.S. economy. It

AND

of taking account of the impact of new initiatives on the United States. That undermines US global technological leadership

Castro and McQuinn 15, Daniel Castro works at the Center for Data Innovation, Government Technology, The Information Technology & Innovation Foundation, worked at the U.S. Government Accountability Office, went to Carnegie Mellon. Alan McQuinn works at the Federal Communications Commission, previously had the Bill Archer Fellowship at the University of Texas, (June 2015, “Beyond the USA Freedom Act: How U.S. Surveillance Still Subverts U.S. Competitiveness”, file:///C:/Users/Mark/Downloads/2015-beyond-usa-freedom-act.pdf)//AK

CONCLUSION When historians write about this period in U.S. history it could

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. government enable its tech industry to effectively compete in the global market. Tech leadership is the primary driver of hegemony –

Weiss 14 – Fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia, Professor Emeritus in Government and International Relations at the University of Sydney, Honorary Professor of Political Science at Aarhus University. (Linda, America Inc.?: Innovation and Enterprise in the National Security State, Cornell University Press, 4/1/14, p. 1-3)//JJ//

//*NSS=National Security State//

//So what accounts for America’s transformative capacity?//

//AND//

//primarily) a commercial matter—even when the NSS "goes commercial.// //Hegemonic decline causes great power wars//

//Zhang et al., Carnegie Endowment researcher, 2011//

//(Yuhan, “America’s decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry”, 1-22, http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/, ldg)//

//This does not necessarily mean that the US is in systemic decline, but it//

//AND//

//forecast in a future that will inevitably be devoid of unrivalled US primacy.// //Maintaining US hegemony is key to counter China rise – causes the world to descend into great power politics which breed conflict//

//Roloff 14 – Writer of a thesis submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Global Security Studies. (Luke, “PATTERNS OF INSTABILITY: THE CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF STRUCTURAL INSECURITY AND POWER POLITICS IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC SPHERE”, May 2014, https://jscholarship.library.jhu.edu/bitstream/handle/1774.2/37219/ROLOFF-THESIS-2014.pdf?sequence=1//DM)

Since the end of the Cold War, the international environment has been a historical

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to demonstrate how these structural hazards are increasingly weighing upon today’s strategic calculus. Tensions escalate and go nuclear – North Korea and Chinese Aggression

Hua, 6-2 – [Shen Hua, Correspondent with VOA News, 6-2-15, Will South China Sea Dispute Lead to World War?, http://www.voanews.com/content/will-south-china-sea-dispute-lead-to-world-war/2806950.html] Jeong

WASHINGTON— Will South China Sea issues trigger a third world war? While American

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the South China Sea are counterproductive and a threat to Southeast Asian prosperity. Cloud computing is key to effective space situational awareness – prevents space debris collisions with satellites

Johnston et al 13 – Ph.D. with the Computational Engineering and Design Group (CED) at the University of Southampton, MEng degree in Software Engineering from the School of Electronics and Computer Science, Senior Research Fellow for the Faculty of Engineering and the Environment at University of Southampton (Steven, Neil O’Brien – Senior Technical Recruiter at Colloco Search, Hugh Lewis – Astronautics Research Group at the University of Southampton, PhD, Elizabeth Hart – School of Engineering Science at Southampton University, Adam White – School of Engineering Science at Southampton University, Simon Cox – professor of Computational Methods and Director of the Microsoft Institute for High Performance Computing, PhD, Clouds in Space: Scientific Computing using Windows Azure, Journal of Cloud Computing, 2013, http://www.journalofcloudcomputing.com/content/pdf/2192-113X-2-2.pdf)//JJ//

//Space situational awareness Within the last two decades, the downstream services pro- vided//

//AND//

//-based architecture for space surveillance and tracking, algorithm development and comparison.// //Asteroid strikes are likely and cause extinction//

//Casey, 6/30/15 – environmental, scientific, and technological reporter for CBS News (Michael, “On Asteroid Day, raising awareness that Earth could get hit again”, CBS News, http://www.cbsnews.com/news/asteroid-day-raising-awareness-earth-could-be-hit-by-asteroids/,// 11)

"Asteroids are the only natural disaster we know how to prevent and protecting our

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out any time because we just don't know enough about what's out there."

FCC oversight of the NSA curtails bulk internet surveillance and enforces targeted surveillance that excludes domestic users. FCC technical expertise and transparency prevent circumvention
 * Contention 3 is Solvency**

Healey, 14 - J.D. Candidate, The George Washington University Law School (Audra, “A Tale of Two Agencies: Exploring Oversight of the National Security Administration by the Federal Communications Commission”, FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS LAW JOURNAL Vol. 67, December)

IV. HOW THE FCC SHOULD ADDRESS THE NSA SURVEILLANCE: IMPLEMENTING THE SOLUTION Congress

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to the oversight of the NSA and Congress should pursue codifying this solution. FCC public visibility, expertise in communication tech, and data analysis curb overreaching and boost public and industry confidence in privacy protection

Healey, 14 - J.D. Candidate, The George Washington University Law School (Audra, “A Tale of Two Agencies: Exploring Oversight of the National Security Administration by the Federal Communications Commission”, FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS LAW JOURNAL Vol. 67, December)

C. The FCC mission can be naturally expanded to protect privacy in relation to

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agency particularly well-suited to provide helpful insights to the FISA Court. No corporate circumvention-government surveillance is uniquely worse

Heymann, 15 Schloss4

Why should we care particularly about government surveillance in a world where private surveillance on

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be used for any of these purposes or for noncriminal forms of regulation.

And FCC internal reform solves all problems – their ev doesn't assume it
At the hearings this week AND complement — not substitute for — Congress' effort to move process reform legislation."
 * Taglang 15** (Kevin Taglang, leads the Benton Foundation's work monitoring, analyzing and articulating the public interest stake in telecommunications legislation, regulation, and policymaking, "Does the FCC Need to be Reauthorized?", 5/20/15, The Benton Foundation, https://www.benton.org/does-fcc-need-be-reauthorized, accessed 7/28/15)//RZ
 * Wheeler took office 11/4/2013