HJPP+Tanner+and+Clyde



__**Advantage 1 is Multilat**__

**Lake, 10–** Professor of Social Sciences, distinguished professor of political science at UC San Diego (David A., “Making America Safe for the World: Multilateralism and the Rehabilitation of US authority”, [|__http://dss.ucsd.edu/~dlake/documents/LakeMakingAmericaSafe.pdf__] )//NG
 * 1) **1. Restraint- key to prevent international backlash**

__The safeguarding of US authority requires multilateralism tha....__ __lead the way to a new world order.__

**Jones, 11** – Professor of European Studies at the SAIS Bologna Center and Director of the Bologna Institute for Policy Research (Erik, “Power, Leadership and US Foreign Policy,” The International Spectator, Vol. 46, No. 3, September 2011, 13–23 http://www.jhubc.it/facultypages/ejones/International_Spectator_2011.pdf
 * 1) **2. Resources – multilateralism increases** __**burdensharing**__ **that manages the transition**

Throwing money at the Arab world is not an option. __The Obama administration ....__  __without followers has little choice but to go it alone__. **Terrif, 12** - Senior Lecturer in International Security in the Department of Political Science and International Studies at Birmingham University, UK (Terry, __Debating a Post-American World: What Lies Ahead?,__ ed: Clark and Hoque, p. 47-51)
 * 1) **3. Balancing- a commitment to greater cooperation is vital to** __**managing the transition**__ **and** __**protecting primacy**__

A good bet, then, is that __the present trend in the apparent ....__ twenty-first century remains mostly in its own hands.

// **The plan is a powerful symbol of that commitment** // // **Burgsdorff, 9–** Ph. D in Political Science from Freiburg University, EU Fellow at the University of Miami (Sven Kühn von, “Problems and Opportunities for the Incoming Obama Administration”, [|__http://aei.pitt.edu.proxy.lib.umich.edu/11047/1/vonBurgsdorfUSvsCubalong09edi.pdf__] ) //NG

6.3 How would the international community react? __At international level all major actors would clearly welcome an end to the embargo__. __While the sanctions policy allowed European, Canadian and, more recently...__ __**steps towards effective multilateralism.**__

The alternative to multilateralism is unilateral militarism – the plan establishes a model for hemispheric diplomacy that sustains US leadership **Grandin 10** – teaches history at New York University and is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (Greg, “Empire's Senescence: U.S. Policy in Latin America,” //New Labor Forum//, 19:1, Winter 2010, pg. 14-23)//SJF//

// Washington’s relations with Latin America—.... //// __and political paralysis quicken the U.S.’s fall.__ //

// **Reliance on unilateralism will collapse US leadership and cause global wars with weapons of mass destruction** // // **Montalván, 10** - a 17-year veteran of the U.S. Army including multiple combat tours in Iraq, master's of science from Columbia University's Graduate School of Journalism (Luis, “Multilateralism is Essential for Peace in the 21st Century” Huffington Post, 4/23, []) //

// __Unilateralism is the wrong approach for American Diplomacy__. .... //// the time to create rather than divide common ground. //

// **Proliferation causes extinction** // // **Kroenig, 12** [, Matthew, Assistant Professor of Government, Georgetown University and Stanton Nuclear Security Fellow, Council on Foreign Relations, May 26th “The History of Proliferation Optimism: Does It Have A Future?” []) // // Proliferation Optimism: __Proliferation optimism was revived__ .... __Middle East crisis could result in a devastating nuclear exchange.__ //

// **The plan creates a credible model for multilateral conflict resolution** // // **Dickerson 10** – Lieutenant Colonel, US Army, paper submitted in fulfillment of a Master of Strategic Studies Degree at the US Army War College (Sergio M, “UNITED STATES SECURITY STRATEGY TOWARDS CUBA,” 1/14/10, http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a518053.pdf) //SJF

At the international political level,.... __bringing true peace for years to come.__

**That’s key to solve nuclear escalation in hotspots** David **Bosco** (a senior editor at Foreign Policy magazine) July **2006** “Forum: Keeping an eye peeled for World War III” []

The understanding that __small but violent ....__ Russia or China would respond militarily.

**Only the plan sends a clear signal to improve Latin American relations and reinvigorate regional institutions** **White, 13**-Senior fellow at the Center for International Policy and former U.S. ambassador to Paraguay and El Salvador (Robert, “After Chávez, a Chance to Rethink Relations With Cuba”, New York Times, 3/7/13, []

__FOR most of our history, the United States ....__ __would be reduced to a historical footnote__.

**LA regional institutions are key to effective multilat** **Sabatini and Berger 12,** Christopher Sabatini is editor-in-chief of Americas Quarterly and senior director of policy at Americas Society/Council of the Americas. Ryan Berger is a policy associate at the Americas Society/Council of the Americas(Christopher/Ryan, "Why the U.S. can't afford to ignore Latin America" 6/13/12, CNN/Global Public Square, http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2012/06/13/why-the-u-s-cant-afford-to-ignore-latin-america/)//AD// // Speaking in Santiago, Chile, in March of last year, __President Obama....____that is outside broader, global strategic concerns.__ //

// **Independently strengthening the OAS is key to solve cyber attcks- coming now** // // **Caribbean News Now 6/25** (“OAS launches cyber security crisis management exercise,” 6/25/13, http://www.caribbeannewsnow.com/headline-OAS-launches-cyber-security-crisis-management-exercise-16500.html) //SJF

WASHINGTON, USA -- The assistant secretary general of t.... will conclude on Tuesday. **Cyberattacks cause extinction** **Andreasen 6/14** – national security consultant to the Nuclear Threat Initiative and its Nuclear Security Project (Steve, “Cyberwar’s Threat Does Not Justify a New Policy of Nuclear Deterrence,” 6/14/13, http://www.nti.org/analysis/opinions/cyberwars-threat-does-not-justify-new-policy-nuclear-deterrence/)//SJF//

// **President** __Obama is expected to unveil a new nuclear ....__ //// __including agreements related to limiting cyberwar.__ //

// **Any step short of** __**unconditional removal**__ **means won’t create the same symbol of multilateralism** // // **Vivanco 6**- LLM from Harvard Law School, Americas director of Humans Rights Watch // // (Jose Miguel, “Restraint, not force, will bring change to Cuba”, humans rights watch, 12/22/06, [], google scholar) //KW

This reluctance would be understandable ....__Goliath will Cuba stop looking like David.__

__**Advantage 2 is Agriculture**__ **The collapse of global agriculture is inevitable – monocultures, pesticides, soil depletion, climate change, pollinators, peak oil and declining yields all mean a new ag model is key to sustainability** **Peters, 10 –** LL.M. expected 2011, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010, University of Oregon School of Law (Kathryn, “Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution” J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION [Vol. 25, 203, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf)

__The U.S. agricultural system is becoming....__ __climate conditions and will help to ensure food security__. **Cuba’s model of urban agriculture is a sustainable alternative** **Peters, 10 –** LL.M. expected 2011, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010, University of Oregon School of Law (Kathryn, “Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution” J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION [Vol. 25, 203, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf)

__While urban agriculture was a response to a ....__ __negatively impacting the environment__ or society.

**The plan jumpstarts US investment in Cuban organoponics – causing a widespread global urban agricultural revolution** **Shkolnick, 12** - J.D. Candidate, Drake University Law School (Jacob, “SIN EMBARGO: n1 THE CUBAN AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION AND WHAT IT MEANS FOR THE UNITED STATES” 17 Drake J. Agric. L. 683, Fall, lexis)

VI. New Opportunities While investment in Cuban businesses and sales or purchases of .... __to allow for urban agriculture to flourish__.

**This prevents the collapse of US agriculture and extinction** **Peters, 10 –** LL.M. expected 2011, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law; J.D. 2010, University of Oregon School of Law (Kathryn, “Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution” J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION [Vol. 25, 203, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf)

__An adequate food supply is **essential for the survival of the human race**__. .... to an adequate supply of fresh, nutritious food.

**Access to the** __**US export market**__ **is key to the viability of the Cuban model** **Kost, 4** – agricultural economist, Specialty Crops Branch, Economic Research. Service, US Department of Agriculture (William, “CUBAN AGRICULTURE: TO BE OR NOT TO BE ORGANIC?” [])

In addition to the above European markets,__....__production approaches are just not available.

**Influx of trade won’t collapse the model- political commitment** **Barclay, 3 –** freelance writer based in Washington, D.C. (Eliza, “Cuba's security in fresh produce” 9/12, [])

__With Cuba's well-documented ability to feed itself, ....__ __fulfill Cuban agricultural needs__."

__**Plan**__ **The United States federal government should normalize its trade relations with Cuba.**

__**Solvency**__ **The plan solves normal trade relations-- it boosts US-Cuban relations and fosters a stable transition** **Koenig, 10** – US Army Colonel, paper submitted for a Masters in Strategic Studies at the US Army War College (Lance, “Time for a New Cuba Policy” [])

The option with the greatest possibility of .... onto a path that will benefit the nations of the Americas.

**Diaz-Canel won’t change anything- he’s a hard core communist** **Nelson 13** – CBS4 News member, National Association of Television Arts and Sciences (Gary, Miami CBS News, “Miguel Diaz-Canel: Cuba’s Next President?”, Feb 26, 2013, [])//EK//

// __“He may be the guy,” said__ University of ....__He is a Marxist/Leninist__,” Suchlicki said. //

// **Cuban economic growth has direct positive benefits for the Cuban people – money made is directly invested in the benefits for the people** // // **Báez, 4** – Ph.D. and professor of sociology at the University of Puerto Rico (Antonio, “State Resistance to Globalisation in Cuba”, Pluto Press, pg. 159) //eek

Clearly, __there exists a correlation between economic growth and social development in Cuba.....__workers that any developing country can provide (Lage Dávila, 1996). **Neoliberalism is the chief pacifying and stabilizing force in Latin America** **Parish and Peceny,** Professors of Political Science ,University of New Mexico, respectively **02** -- (Randall and Mark, “Kantian Liberalism and the Collective Defense of Democracy in Latin America”, Journal of Peace Research 39:2, 2002, [])//AS// // We argue that __systemic forces are becoming increasingly important i....__ in a theoretical framework that draws explicitly on the liberal argument. //

// **The aff’s economic system is to prevent violence and improve quality to life** // // **Ceceña,** Professor at the National Autonomous University of Mexico**, 2009**(Ana Esther, National Autonomous University of Mexico; Director of the ObservatorioLatinoamericano de Geopolítica and active in the Americas Demilitarisation Campaign, “Postneoliberalism and its bifurcations” //Development Dialogue //Issue 51, http://rosalux-europa.info/userfiles/file/DD51.pdf#page=35)//CS Both things have happened after 30 years of neoliberalism. .... __compels them to burst onto the scene.__

__The squo is structurally improving__ __Goklany 9__ __—Worked with federal and state governments, think tanks, and the private sector for over 35 years. Worked with IPCC before its inception as an author, delegate and reviewer. Negotiated UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. Managed the emissions trading program for the EPA. Julian Simon Fellow at the Property and Environment Research Center, visiting fellow at AEI, winner of the Julian Simon Prize and Award. PhD, MS, electrical engineering, MSU. B.Tech in electrical engineering, Indian Institute of Tech. (Indur, “Have increases in population, affluence and technology worsened human and environmental well-being?” 2009, [] )__ __3. Trends in Human Well-being Although__ __global population__ __i....__ __and the prevalence of malnutrition (Goklany 2007a, 2007b).__