Aff+Cites

=THERE ARE TWO AFFS WE MAY RUN JUST FYI :)= = = =S&ED 1AC=

Plan
==== The United States federal government should diplomatically engage the People’s Republic of China by offering to restart and indefinitely extend and include higher-level officials at the Strategic & Economic Dialogue. ====

Strategic mistrust is fueling multiple flashpoints; high level talks are necessary to avoid the mistrust
Zhao 2015 - Professor and Director of the Center for China–US Cooperation at Josef Korbel School of International Studies, University of Denver

Suisheng, "A New Model of Big Power Relations? China–US strategic rivalry and balance of power in the Asia–Pacific," Journal of Contemporary China Volume 24, Issue 93, 2015, p 377-397 The Asia–Pacific region has become a test ground to determine whether China and AND become one of the most dangerous flashpoints in the twenty-first century.

Containment drives China to fracture US alliances and risks nuclear war and extinction – only cooperation can solve
Ilamn 2016 - Currently works in Pacivis (Global Civil Society Research Center) of U of Indonesia

Zidy, "Is the South China Sea the Stage for the Next World War?," Jul 3, nationalinterest.org/feature/the-south-china-sea-the-stage-the-next-world-war-16833?page=show What is happening today is that China has gathered enough power and is becoming powerful AND States to reverse the negative trend, she surely has much to do.

Now is a unique moment – China is likely to use force post the Hague ruling in fishing disputes
Johnson 2016 - senior reporter covering energy for Foreign Policy

Keith, "Can Indonesia Afford a Fish War with China?," Jul 8, foreignpolicy.com/2016/07/08/can-indonesia-afford-a-fish-war-with-china/ In recent years, Indonesia has tried to stay above the fray as other countries AND to push back ,” Medeiros said, “ that affects China’s strategic calculation.”

This //Maritime Militia// will spark a war that escalates
Chao 2016 - international relations doctoral student (Mellon Ethnopolitics Fellow) in Political Science @ UPenn

Brian C, "Coast Guards Could Accidentally Spark War in the South China S," Jun 28, nationalinterest.org/feature/coast-guards-could-accidentally-spark-war-the-south-china-16766?page=show Chinese activities in the China Seas over the past few years have caused growing consternation AND regardless of whether the hulls are battleship grey or coast-guard white.

Only having open channels of communication can prevent this version of the Thucydides Trap from going nuclear and risking extinction
Lam Peng Er 2016 - Senior Research Fellow, East Asian Institute

"China, the United States, Alliances, and War: Avoiding the Thucydides Trap?," Asian Affairs: An American Review Volume 43, Issue 2, 2016, p. 36-36 That the intelligentsia in the United States and China openly ponder and hold a conversation AND will place tremendous stress on crisis management between the United States and China.

S&ED creates the channels necessary to ensure cooperation in moments tension
Garrison 2016 – Director of International Studies @ University of Wyoming

Jean and Marc Wall, "The Rise of Hedging and Regionalism: An Explanation and Evaluation of President Obama's China Policy," Asian Affairs: An American Review Volume 43, Issue 2, 2016, p 47-63 With each flare-up in tensions, cooler heads in both capitals stepped in AND , no-nonsense approach to maintain overall stability and manage ongoing tensions.

An extension of S&ED that includes higher level officials ensures that mistrust stays in check
Dai 2016 - Former State Councilor of China

Bingguo, "On Building a New Model of Major-Country Relations Between China and the United States," Jun 20, [|www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjb_663304/zzjg_663340/bmdyzs_664814/xwlb_664816/t1350752.shtml] For the past decades, China and the US have basically sticked to the path AND The path will be bumpy, but it leads to a bright future.

By developing already existing mechanisms, the plan solves any alt causes
Yung 2016 - Donald Bren Chair of Non-Western Strategic Thought at the U.S. Marine Corps University

Christopher and Wang Dang, "THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA CAN GET ALONG IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA," Jul 6, warontherocks.com/2016/07/the-united-states-and-china-can-get-along-in-the-south-china-sea/ China and the United States have fundamentally different philosophies about thenature and meaning of AND maritime interests may vary, the joint interest in preserving stability remains paramount.

Warming is anthropogenic and causes extinction
Adams 16 --- has a degree in agriculture and cites studies done by NASA and the IPCC

(Andrew, Prince George Citizen, 4/16/16, “There is no debating scientific facts,” http://www.princegeorgecitizen.com/opinion/columnists/there-is-no-debating-scientific-facts-1.2229437)//ernst Last week I wrote about the signs of early spring and put a few jabs AND watching conspiracy theories?" P.s. The Earth is not flat.

Initiatives by the US and China are necessary to solve, but dialogue through the plan is necessary
Shi et al 2014 - Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Longyu Shi, Weichen Ma, Guofan Shao, Lina Tang, Yangyang Wang & Haowei Wang, "The US and China need to turn ongoing bilateral dialogue into immediate joint mitigation," International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology Volume 22, Issue 1, 2015, p 25-29 Climate change mitigation is an important consideration for sustainable development at both national (Halsnæs AND  cooperation is supposed to have synergic effects but nothing can happen without action.

The S&ED is one of the most effective diplomatic outlets for all cooperation regarding climate change agreements – no other dialogue is able to produce consistent and beneficial results
Brooks-LaSure 6/8/16 (Allyn Brooks-Lasure, former chairman at the EPA and member of the Foreign Service specializing in US China relations, “Climate Change and Clean Energy at the 2016 U.S.-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue,” 6/8/16, [] Poetic Justice) Climate change and clean energy highlights of this year’s S&ED outcomes include: AND ; Industrial Boilers Efficiency and Fuel Switching; and Green Ports and Vessels.

Empirically, S&ED drives critical climate initiatives
Reynolds 2016 - writer and foreign policy analyst based in New York

Ben, "Climate Change Outcomes of the 2016 Strategic and Economic Dialogue," Jun 30, www.chinausfocus.com/finance-economy/climate-change-outcomes-of-the-2016-strategic-and-economic-dialogue/ At this year’s S&ED, the U.S. and China launched AND that we place the fate of our children before the struggle for hegemony.

The eighth and final round of Strategic and Economic Dialogue concluded in June, which opened channels for communication and cooperation on a litany of issues
Shen 2016 - professor and Vice Dean at the Institute of International Studies, Fudan University

Dingli, "Strategic Dialogue Advances Partnership, with a Limit," Jun 14, www.chinausfocus.com/foreign-policy/strategic-dialogue-advances-partnership-with-a-limit/ China and the US have just conducted their eighth round of Strategic and Economic Dialogue AND was rich in ideological confrontation but lacked economic and people-based cooperation.

Scheduling the next round now signals commitment and allows for changes making for more effective discussions
Reade 2016 - Senior Associate with the Freeman chair in China Studies @ CSIS

Claire, "The U.S.-China S&ED: Time to Tinker, Not to Toss," Jun 27, https://www.csis.org/analysis/us-china-sed-time-tinker-not-toss The last U.S.-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue (S&ED AND  impressive S&ED gathering, while increasing the effectiveness of the effort.

Upgrading the SED to include presidential dialogue sets a clear agenda and builds crisis management mechanisms
Rudd 2015 - Senior Fellow, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs & Former Prime Minister, Australia

Kevin, "US-China 21: The Future of US-China Relations Under Xi Jinping," belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/Summary%20Report%20US-China%2021.pdf Beyond the two countries’ embassies, the principal mechanism for managing the breadth and depth AND 周恩来 ). This is now necessary because the stakes today are even higher.

Diplomacy is the only explanatory force behind global order – multiple theoretical perspectives and empirics confirm that we control the internal link to all global crises
Pouliot, 16 —Dr. Vincent, Scholar and Professor @ McGill U, Director of the Centre for International Peace and Security Studies, twice awarded the Lemieux Prize for the best thesis in political science. __International Pecking Orders: The Politics and Practice of Multilateral Diplomacy__, Cambridge Press. p. 254-9 –br Imagine for a moment that the social world is a bit like an onion- AND and parcel of //each and every practice that makes the world go round.//

Now is key: Only through the S&ED can tensions be resolved
Zhu and Qi June 6, 2016 (Zhu Lei and Qi Zijian are writers for Xinhua news, a news organization covering on issues relating to China. 2016 China-U.S. dialogue is of "quintet" significance; []; Accessed July 22, 2016; AJZ The strategic dialogue will cover such topics as building a new type of relationship for  AND  and inject "positive energy" into bilateral relations by expanding common interests.

Locking in S&ED now ensures a smooth transition, waiting until January risks the progress of the last eight years
Zhenglong 6/21/16 (Wu Zhenglong is a senior research fellow at the China Foundation for International Studies, “The S&ED — an Invaluable Diplomatic Asset,” 6/21/16, [] Poetic Justice) The just-concluded Eighth China-US Strategic and Economic Dialogue (S& AND  working together with China to cherish and promote the S&ED mechanism.

Strong relations prevent nuclear war and foster multilateral cooperation on every existential threat
The foremost near-term security benefit to the United States of developing improved relations AND China could work alongside the United States in maintaining regional security and stability.
 * Gross, 13** - adjunct fellow of Pacific Forum CSIS, former Senior Advisor to the Under Secretary for International Security Affairs in the Department of State, former Counselor of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (Donald, __The China Fallacy: How the U.S. Can Benefit from China’s Rise and Avoid Another Cold War__, p. 62

Sending the signal that the US is committed to more open communication is key
Thompson 7/12 (Mark, American investigative reporter who won the 1985 Pulitzer Prize for public service journalism. “Showdown Now Looming Over the South China Sea” //TIME// [] 9:25 a.m. 2016)//masonw The showdown over the S outh C hina S ea began Tuesday when an international court in The AND rule of law. All options must be on the table.”

Politicians in both countries believe that continuing the S&ED is beneficial to both countries (a say yes card)
Gang ’6/23/16 (An Gang is an op-ed at Beijing review and a researcher at the Pangoal institute, “Dialogue Produces Tangible Results,” 6/23/16, Beijing Review, http://www.bjreview.com/Opinion/201606/t20160620_800059774.html CME) Is it the end? Some observers worry whether the S&ED will continue, as the White House will h AND ensuring the two countries avoid becoming trapped in a zero-sum game.

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=AIIB 1AC=

The AIIB’s Environmental and Social Framework allows for flexible interpretation and ineffective implementation – must ensure follow-through that prioritizes sustainability
Last week, the new Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) released its Environmental and Social Framework AND in ultimately determining the nature of its contribution to development.
 * Larsen and Gilbert 3/14/16** [Gaia, Senior Associate in the WRI's Sustainable Finance Center, where she leads its work on financial institutions and climate finance readiness, Sean, China director and Director of Sustainability Reporting Framework at the Global Reporting Initiative, "Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank Releases New Environmental and Social Standards. How Do They Stack Up?", World Resources Institute, 3/4/16, http://www.wri.org/blog/2016/03/asian-infrastructure-investment-bank-releases-new-environmental-and-social-standards] MG

The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), the China-led financial institution, has emerged as a multilateral development bank with the backing of 57 members in record time AND to the darkest, unregulated days of international development finance.
 * ====Without a change to its procedures the AIIB will fuel mega infrastructure projects and a massive expansion of coal use ====**
 * Bankwatch 15** [CEE Bankwatch Network, international non-governmental organisation with member organisations from countries across central and eastern Europe that monitors activities of IFIs to promote sustainable projects, "New Beijing-backed Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank struggles to convince on environment and sustainability issues", 12/17/15, http://bankwatch.org/bwmail/63/new-beijing-backed-asian-infrastructure-investment-bank-struggles-convince-environment] MG

Infrastructure development in Asia key to global climate change —- ensuring strong AIIB standards is critical
The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (the AIIB or the Bank) is poised to be an important new actor in international development finance AND enable the Bank to achieve its stated aim to be "lean, clean and green".
 * Nassiry and Nakhooda 16** [Darius, head of international cooperation department at Global Green Growth Institute, Director at Millennium Challenge Corporation where he led teams for development of investment programs in Asia, Smita, Climate finance fellow at World Resources Institute, "The AIIB and investment in action on climate change", Working Paper 433, April 2016, https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/resource-documents/the'aiib'and'investment'in'action'final'20160413.pdf] MG

Warming is real, anthropogenic, and threatens extinction
Although most of us worry about other things, climate scientists have become increasingly worried about the survival of civilization AND "keep climate close to the Holocene range" — which means, mobilize the whole world to replace dirty energy with clean as soon as possible.
 * Griffin, 15 –** Professor of Philosophy at Claremont, David, "The climate is ruined. So can civilization even survive?", 4-14, http://www.cnn.com/2015/01/14/opinion/co2-crisis-griffin/

====Independently, there will be a race to the bottom among multilateral development banks and poorly planned infrastructure development —- impact on the environment will be even greater than climate change==== If you care about the environment and human rights AND the signs are all pointing in the wrong direction.
 * Laurence 16** —- Research Professor and Australian Laureate at James Cook University (Bill, "Will New Mega-Banks Force A 'Race to The Bottom' For The Environment?", ALERT Conservation, 4/4/2016, http://alert-conservation.org/issues-research-highlights/2016/4/2/will-new-mega-banks-force-a-race-to-the-bottom-for-the-environment), "LJH"

Chinese leadership through its investment banks is critical to prioritize climate standards in infrastructure investments
The December 2015 UN climate summit in Paris AND China has a critical role to play in making it a reality.
 * Ha et al., 16 (Sangjung Ha is an analyst for the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Thomas Hale is an** **Associate Professor in Public Policy at Oxford University, and Pete Ogden is a senior advisor and fellow at the Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago, 2/12/16, "After Paris, it’s "all hands on deck" for Climate Finance", Global Policy,** http://www.globalpolicyjournal.com/blog/12/02/2016/after-paris-it%E2%80%99s-%E2%80%9Call-hands-deck%E2%80%9D-climate-finance **// PD)**

Plan will stimulate reform and innovation in the existing international economic order —- including the World Bank, IMF and ADB. Direct U.S. engagement is Key
Elgin-Cossart & Hart, 9/22/15 —- *Senior Fellow at American Progress, where she works on issues involving foreign policy, international development, and global conflict, AND **Senior Fellow and Director of China Policy at American Progress (Molly Elgin-Cossart and Melanie Hart, "China’s New International Financing Institutions; Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Investment Standards," https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/security/report/2015/09/22/121668/chinas-new-international-financing-institutions/, article downloaded 4/23/16, JMP) In recent years, China has moved into development finance in a very big way AND leaning in should be the only option on the table.

====China has a huge incentive to accept collaboration on environmental standards —- it has a willingness to improve its environmental standards and enforcement but it needs greater expertise and experience —- can’t rely on host government regulations to ensure effective protections==== Ma 14 (Yuge Ma, DPhil Candidate at the Environmental Change Institute (ECI), University of Oxford, 12-5-2014, "The Environmental Implications of China’s New Bank," Diplomat, http://thediplomat.com/2014/12/the-environmental-implications-of-chinas-new-bank/ // PD) On October 24 this year, 21 Asian countries signed an agreement in Beijing that signaled the launch of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB AND to ensure the sustainable development of the most populous and fastest-growing region in the world

U.S. participation is key to ensure that AIIB protects Asian environment
Chinese officials have referenced their desire to address environmental AND undermine Asia’s chance at a sustainable environmental future.
 * Economy, 14** —- C.V. Starr senior fellow and director of Asia Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations (10/20/14, Elizabeth, "A Chance to Introduce Social and Environmental Protections," http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2014/10/20/a-chinese-rival-to-the-world-bank/a-chance-to-introduce-social-and-environmental-protections, article downloaded 5/3/16, JMP)

Plan
====The United States federal government should substantially increase its economic and diplomatic engagement with the People’s Republic of China to develop sustainable investment standards in China’s financing institutions.====

Advantage two is China rise
Scott Kennedy 15 —- Deputy Director of the Freeman Chair in China Studies and Director of the Project on Chinese Business and Political Economy at the Center for Strategic and International Studies(Scott; "What Went Wrong With U.S. Strategy on China’s New Bank and What Should Washington Do Now?"; March 25^^th^^; https://www.chinafile.com/conversation/what-went-wrong-us-strategy-chinas-new-bank-and-what-should-washington-do-now)//pk In 2005, then United States Deputy Secretary of State Robert Zoellick famously called on China to be a "responsible stakeholder." AND will be able to justly claim they are truly acting as responsible stakeholders.
 * ====AIIB is China’s first signature contribution —- failure to engage it fuels perception of containment====**

U.S. has to play ball with the AIIB —- engagement on past institutions is no longer sufficient
In the meantime, China – a country whose say in the IMF is now almost comically dwarfed by smaller economies like the U.K., France, Germany and Japan – AND the U.S. and the Western world will have to come to terms with China's continued emergence and influence.
 * Soergel, 6/10/15** —- Economy Reporter at U.S. News (Andrew, "Amid U.S. Paralysis, China Cashing In; While Congress has failed to move forward with IMF reforms, Beijing is poised to boost its banking power," http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2015/06/10/asian-infrastructure-investment-bank-chinas-answer-to-western-marginalization, article downloaded on 6/7/16, JMP) ***Note —- Rajiv Biswas is Asia-Pacific chief economist at IHS Global Insight, an economic analysis firm

====Engaging on the AIIB is critical —- it’s the focal point for China’s expanded international role and cooperation will help resolve Myanmar conflict and spillover to cybersecurity and the South China Sea==== In 2011, U.S. president Barack Obama announced AND could prove a minimally politically sensitive testing ground.
 * Noori, et. al, 15** —- Program Specialist, Middle East & North Africa Programs at United States Institute of Peace (8/24/15, Maral Noori, Daniel Jasper and Jason Tower, "Overcoming Barriers to U.S.-China Cooperation," http://www.usip.org/publications/2015/08/24/overcoming-barriers-us-china-cooperation, downloaded on 4/21/16, JMP)

South China Sea conflict goes nuclear.
Christensen 6/5/15 – Thomas J., Boswell professor of world politics and director of the China and the World Program at Princeton University, is a former U.S. deputy assistant secretary of state for East Asian and Pacific affairs, "China's Rising Military: Now for the Hard Part" http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2015-06-05/china-s-rising-military-now-for-the-hard-part One reason for this is that no consensus exists in East Asia on the territorial status quo, as there did between the two Cold AND which a technologically superior foe attacks crucial targets with conventional weapons.

Ensuring peaceful rise is necessary to prevent World War 3 —- lack of engagement on AIIB has wrecked U.S. leadership
It is very worrying for the world AND was a fiasco in every sense, demeaning the status of the US. Let us hope the appropriate lessons are learned. Pax Americana is still needed.
 * Lehmann, 15** —- Emeritus Professor at IMD, Lausanne (Switzerland), currently Visiting Professor at Hong Kong University and at NIIT University in Neemrana, Rajasthan (India) (4/2/15, Jean-Pierre Lehmann, "China And The US: The AIIB Fiasco &amp; America's Colossal Loss Of Face," http://www.forbes.com/sites/jplehmann/2015/04/02/china-and-the-us-the-aiib-fiasco-americas-colossal-loss-of-face/print/, article downloaded 6/14/16, JMP)

Independently, the plan gives the U.S. critical influence to address a number of nuclear threats and propel cooperation to a new level
The founder of modern Singapore, Lee Kwan Yew, who passed away recently, had a rather pointed assessment of what’s known as the AND U.S. and organizations like the World Bank and others to work out how to play with it.
 * Chakravorti, 15** —- Senior Associate Dean of International Business & Finance at The Fletcher School at Tufts University and founding Executive Director of Fletcher’s Institute for Business in the Global Context (4/20/15, Bhaskar, "China’s New Development Bank Is a Wake-Up Call for Washington," https://hbr.org/2015/04/chinas-new-development-bank-is-a-wake-up-call-for-washington, article downloaded on 6/18/16, JMP)

Co-financing fails, environmental standards are vague and less strict for co-financed projects
PART 2: Environmental and Social Policy and Environmental and Social Standards 5. This section of the draft ESF specifies on the Scope of Application AND to clearly indicate the adoption of highest standards for co-financing projects.
 * NGO Forum on ADB 15- NGO Forum on ADB is is an Asian-led network of civil society organizations (CSOs), based in Asia and the Pacific region.("A Comprehensive Critique on the Draft Environmental and Social Framework (ESF) of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB)," NGO Forum on ADB; 2015;** http://nebula.wsimg.com/56f68b006fea6c7483137f08a9c11c08?AccessKeyId=BBECBE2DB5DCCE90DECA&disposition=0&alloworigin=1// **CGM**

U.S. not supporting AIIB now —- the plan will improve global economic governance and recalibrate policy toward China
WASHINGTON (MNI) - The United States should join or at least be more open to the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, AND kind of infrastructure investment bank in Asia where it's required, then what prerogatives are we going to allow China?"
 * Son 16** (Joshua, 5/17/16, Market News International, "US Should Change Stance, Join Asia Investment Bank – Analysts," Factiva, JMP)

The AIIB is a test case to expand U.S-China relations —- they can formulate a global development partnership
Major American think tanks are beginning to take the "Road and Belt" initiatives seriously AND In the realm of international development, Washington doesn’t need to panic, it should instead be confident and take a different attitude – let China succeed.
 * Minghao, 5/10/16** —- research fellow at the Charhar Institute and an adjunct fellow at the Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies at Renmin University of China (Zhao, "How Washington Should Respond to the "Road and Belt"" http://www.chinausfocus.com/finance-economy/how-washington-should-respond-to-the-road-and-belt/, article downloaded 5/11/16, JMP)

An effective AIIB also strengthens existing domestic Chinese institutions
James Zimmerman 1/8/16 - the Chairman of the American Chamber of Commerce China, Chairman: US Should Reconsider its AIIB Strategy (James;"Chairman: US Should Reconsider its AIIB Strategy"; 2016; http://www.amchamchina.org/news/chairman-us-should-reconsider-its-aiib-strategy)//pk The AIIB could indeed AND agencies and institutions.

China won’t reject the US; the question is whether or not the US joins
Yangpeng and Tian 3/25/2016 (Zheng Yangpeng and Dai Tian are journalists for the China Daily; Decision to join bank in US' hands, says AIIB chief; [] ; published 3/25/2016) The US can take its time deciding whether to join the Asian Infrastructure AND said Jin at an open event earlier this month.