AFF+Disclosure+-+Nadia+and+David

=1AC – Desegregation – Camp Tournament – Generic=

1AC – Desegregation
====School segregation is still rampant --- tolerating this, whether in the name of “educational quality” or “school choice” just __lets racism win__ --- the __constitution demands__ that public institutions comply with the law==== Black, 6/6/17 --- Professor of Law, University of South Carolina (Derek, “Education in America Has Deep Flaws—and That's Why Racial Segregation Is on the Rise,” https://theconversation.com/why-schools-still-cant-put AND //will our base fears and racial biases begin to fade into the background.//

Desegregation is best way to narrow the achievement gap – any risk of a solvency deficit is a reason to vote affirmative
Theoharis 15 – PHD and a chair in the School of Education at Syracuse (George, 10/23/15, “‘Forced busing’ didn’t fail. Desegregation is the best way to improve our schools.”, [], MW) Since the Reagan administration’s “A Nation at Risk” report pronounced that schools across AND // the back of the education bus, it will always be the back. //

Closing the academic achievement gap directly challenges social inequality and boosts health outcomes
Lynch & Oakford, 14 --- *professor of economics in the Department of Economics at Washington, AND **Policy Analyst at the Center for American Progress (Robert & Patrick, “The Economic Benefits of Closing Educational Achievement Gaps; Promoting Growth and Strengthening the Nation by Improving the Educational Outcomes of Children of Color,” [], accessed on 7/1/16, funk+JMP) Our nation is currently experiencing growing levels of income and wealth inequality, which are AND and ethnic achievement gaps could amply pay for themselves in the long run.

Inequality kills tens of thousands each year
Bezruchka, ‘14 — Senior Lecturer in Health Services and Global Health at the School of Public Health at the University of Washington, holds a Master of Public Health from Johns Hopkins University and an M.D. from Stanford University (“Inequality Kills,” Divided: The Perils of Our Growing Inequality, Edited by David Cay Johnston, p.194-195) Everyone in a society gains when children grow up to be healthy adults. The AND ” that empirically fuels segregation --- only reigning them in can promote school equality

Desegregation promotes cross-racial understanding that removes racial biases and stereotypes and breaks out of the vicious cycle
Hilbert, 17 --- Associate Professor of Law at Mitchell Hamline School of Law, one of the plaintiffs' attorneys for the Minneapolis NAACP in the 1995 desegregation case (Winter 2017, Jim, Journal of Law & Education, “Restoring the Promise of Brown: Using State Constitutional Law to Challenge School Segregation,” 46 J.L. & Educ. 1, Lexis-Nexis Academic, JMP) B. Inclusion and Diversity -- Why (Proper) Desegregation Can Still Matter In AND //which may in turn provide desegregated educational opportunities for their own children.// n149

====Desegregation in education __serves as bridge__ to link ongoing racial disparities with historic racial discrimination and __challenge white supremacy__ --- advances equality in prisons, mental health facilities, housing authorities, and police departments==== Holley-Walker, 12 --- Associate Professor of Law, University of South Carolina School of Law, J.D. from Harvard (Winter 2012, Danielle, Georgia State University Law Review, “A NEW ERA FOR DESEGREGATION,” 28 Ga. St. U.L. Rev. 423, Lexis-Nexis Academic, JMP) [*443] III. WHY WE NEED A NEW ERA OF DESEGREGATION

AND discrimination and to refocus our education reform on equality as a core value.

n Explicitly includes a private right of action for parties to sue for equitable relief if states fail to take measures to affirmatively reduce racial isolation in schools
==== n Creates clear statutory language that confers rulemaking and regulatory authority to the Department of Education’s Office for Civil Rights or an independent agency directed by a career employee, rather than a political appointee, to provide federal oversight and enforcement====

n Authorizes and requires action by the Department of Justice for states that refuse compliance
==== n Funds deliberations that both document the current racial inequities in educational opportunity and provide useful data that may assist states and localities in fostering racially inclusive educational opportunities====

The plan is a __comprehensive mechanism__ to address racial segregation in public education --- congressional action is critical
Epperson, 12 --- Associate Professor of Law, American University Washington College of Law (Winter 2012, Lia, Harvard Law & Policy Review, “SYMPOSIUM: EDUCATION: EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY: Legislating Inclusion,” 6 Harv. L. & Pol'y Rev. 91, Lexis-Nexis Academic, JMP) III. CURRENT JUDICIAL CONSTRAINTS AND LEGISLATIVE IMPERATIVES In its examination of Section 5 AND //Amendment to consciously create a remedy for twenty-first century structural ills//.

The federal government is key – it has __superior research__ and __technical assistance__ to ensure __implementation__ of reforms
Robinson, 15 --- Professor of Law, University of Richmond School of Law (Kimberly Jenkins Robinson, Washington University Law Review, “DISRUPTING EDUCATION FEDERALISM,” 92 Wash. U. L. Rev. 959, Lexis-Nexis Academic, JMP) C. Focusing Rigorous Federal Research and Technical Assistance on the Most Effective Approaches for AND // its understanding of these issues deepens through the implementation of the research agenda. //

DOJ is critical to __advance__, __monitor__ and __enforce__ desegregation cases, including those addressing __imbalances within schools__
Holley-Walker, 12 --- Associate Professor of Law, University of South Carolina School of Law, J.D. from Harvard (Winter 2012, Danielle, Georgia State University Law Review, “A NEW ERA FOR DESEGREGATION,” 28 Ga. St. U.L. Rev. 423, Lexis-Nexis Academic, JMP) A. The Role of the Federal Government // The federal government will likely be // // AND // but many districts do not actively seek to have the cases terminated. n84

Only the federal government gives the correct signal to remove local opposition and can regulate the quality of education effectively.
- Enforce argument, regulate quality of education – perception between doe and doj coming down to your school and forcing you to do something vs local police officer or texas state Kleven 10 —Professor of Law, Thurgood Marshall School of Law (Thomas, AND //as with the federal promotion of equal educational opportunity// in other respects today.

Challenging institutional racism is a prior ethical question— it makes violence structurally inevitable and foundationally negates morality making defenses of utilitarianism incoherent
Memmi, 2k --- Professor Emeritus of Sociology @ U of Paris, Naiteire (Albert, Racism, Translated by Steve Martinot, p. 163-165) The struggle against racism will be long, difficult, without intermission, without remission AND . True, it is a wager, but the stakes are irresistible.

Complexity ensures linear predictions fail
Yudkowsky ‘8 (Eliezer; 7/8/8; Cofounder of Machine Intelligence Research Institute, research fellow at MIRI, citing several psychological studies; Machine Intelligence Research Institute, “Cognitive Biases Potentially Affecting Judgment of Global Risks,” https://intelligence.org/files/CognitiveBiases.pdf, p. 7-8) __The **conjunction fallacy**__ similarly __applies to futurological forecasts. Two independent__ sets of professional __analysts__ AND a futurist, __disjunctions make__ for __an awkward__ and unpoetic- __sounding prophecy__.

Democracy is at the brink --- Trump’s victory breeds authoritarianism
Kahlenberg and Janey 16 – Kahlenberg is a senior fellow at The Century Foundation with expertise in education, civil rights, and equal opportunity and Janey is a senior research scholar at Boston University’s School of Education (Richard and Clifford, 11/10/16, “Putting Democracy Back into Public Education”, [], MW) Cost to Ignoring Democracy’s Role //Today//, however, //we are seeing the costs of// //AND// close friends of family voting for Donald Trump, and vice versa.53

Re-segregation built the foundations for Trumpism --- reforming education policies is essential to transform society and check racial scapegoating
Klein 16 - education reporter for HuffPost(Rebecca Klein, 11-15-2016, "What School Segregation Has To Do With The Rise Of Donald Trump", http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/donald-trump-segregation_us_582a36f7e4b060adb56ff7ff, MW) Donald // Trump’s // personal life ― in all likelihood ― has not been directly impacted by AND , or any other methods, // if they want to preserve their democracy //.

Integration ensures a healthy democracy by signaling __political equality__, __promoting tolerance__, and boosting __educational attainment__
Kahlenberg and Janey 16 – Kahlenberg is a senior fellow at The Century Foundation with expertise in education, civil rights, and equal opportunity and Janey is a senior research scholar at Boston University’s School of Education. (Richard and Clifford, 11/10/16, “Putting Democracy Back into Public Education”, [], MW) School Integration in Cambridge, Massachusetts; Rochester, New York; and Elsewhere. //AND// than 32 percent of those with less than a high school education.118

Authoritarian control is the __worst possible impact__ – it outweighs extinction
Farquhar et al. 17 — Project Manager at FHI responsible for external relations, lead author of several reports on the policy implications of emerging technologies (Sebastian Farquhar, “Existential Risk Diplomacy and Governance”, GLOBAL PRIORITIES PROJECT 2017, 1/23/17, []) Valiaveedu During the twentieth century, citizens of several nations lived for a time under //extremely// //AND// under a particularly brutal global totalitarian state could arguably be // worse than complete extinction //