Daniel+Ben-Isvy+and+Adam+Zabner

Email with questions: adam.zabner@gmail.com
 * Neg--past 2nrs:**

Aff: ISS 2nr: Japan Prolif and Space col good

Aff: AIIB 2nr: Neolib

Aff: AIIB 2nr: Elections

Aff: Taiwan 2nr: Rising Expectations

Aff: Afro-Asia 2nr: T-USFG

Aff: Baudrillard 2nr: Elections DA and Holocaust Trivialization and Case Turns

Aff: S&ED 2nr: Elections and ASPEC

Aff: ISS 2nr: Fem k and Solvency advocate theory

Aff: Taiwan 2nr: T-Resnick and Solvency advocate theory

Aff: MES 2nr: Rising Expectations

R1 Aff: Taiwan 2nr: T-Bonds QPQ CP


 * Aff--1acs**


 * Nuclear Energy Aff v1**

Contention 1 is PROLIF:

China is planning a massive expansion of nuclear reprocessing capabilities – that causes other Asian countries to follow suit and undermines non-prolif Green 16 [Jim Green ‒ Nuclear Monitor editor, “Reprocessing and plutonium stockpiling in East Asia,” Nuclear Monitor, Issue: #82145510, June 4, 2016, https://wiseinternational.org/nuclear-monitor/821/reprocessing-and-plutonium-stockpiling-east-asia] China's reprocessing plans∂ At an October 2015 session of the First Committee session of AND comment on Moniz's remarks and CNNC said its press officers weren't available.19

East Asian reprocessing catalyzes a race to stockpile plutonium --- that provides a cover for weapons development Sokolski 16 [Henry, executive director of The Nonproliferation Policy Education Center in Arlington, Virginia; an adjunct professor at Georgetown Univ, “Can East Asia avoid a nuclear explosive materials arms race?,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, March 26, 2016, http://thebulletin.org/can-east-asia-avoid-nuclear-explosive-materials-arms-race9295] Later this week, from March 31 to April 1, Washington will host the AND and China to follow America’s example of deferring the commercializing of plutonium fuels.

Reprocessing arms races cause an atmosphere of paranoia and instability that escalates to nuclear acquisition and causes global prolif Armstrong 16 [Ian Armstrong is a Supervisor and Researcher at Wikistrat, he previously assisted in research at Temple University, the University of Pennsylvania, Scottish Parliament, and Hudson Institute's Center for Political-Military Analysis, where he has focused on non-proliferation and international energy, his research has been presented at conferences at Tufts University and University of Edinburgh, and his analysis has been featured at prominent outlets such as Business Insider, Foreign Policy Association, CBS News, and RealClearEnergy, “East Asian plutonium policies risk regional stability,” Global Risk Insight, April 25, 2016, http://globalriskinsights.com/2016/04/east-asian-plutonium-policies] In contrast, China’s plutonium reprocessing ambitions are only now beginning to materialize into concrete AND interest in nuclear reprocessing far outweigh any benefit achieved in nuclear waste management.

Unmanaged tech breakout causes nuclear war --- commercial reprocessing triggers the link Sokolski 9 [Henry Sokolski, Executive Director of the Nonproliferation Policy Education Center, 6/1/2009, Avoiding a Nuclear Crowd, http://www.hoover.org/publications/policy-review/article/5534] Fissile for peace and war∂ Compounding this worrisome prospect are large amounts of weapons AND , would ever want. None of this, however, is inevitable.

Prolif causes extinction --- only impact capable of breaching mutually assured deterrence Kroenig 15 [Matthew, Associate Professor and International Relations Field Chair in the Department of Government and School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, “The History of Proliferation Optimism: Does It Have a Future?,” Journal of Strategic Studies, Volume 38, Issue 1-2, 2015] The spread of nuclear weapons poses at least six severe threats to international peace and AND , any one of those crises could result in a catastrophic nuclear exchange.

Engagement with global markets gives the US leverage to shape reprocessing norms – the alternative is proliferation Wallace et al, 13 – CSIS Senior Advisor [Michael, John Kotek, Sarah Williams, Paul Nadeau, Thomas Hundertmark, George David Banks, June, CSIS, Restoring Us Leadership in Nuclear Energy, https://csis-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3f public/legacy_files/files/publication/130614_ RestoringUSLeadershipNuclearEnergy_ WEB.pdf, accessed 7/17/16, ge] CONTROLLING THE SPREAD OF ENRICHMENT AND REPROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES¶ Growth in nuclear electricity production outside AND a loss of leverage in persuading aspiring nuclear nations to refrain from reprocessing.

China abandoning reprocessing now is key --- encourages a shift to safer tech --- delay ensures bureaucratic momentum locks-in long-term reprocessing Nature 16 [Nature editorial, Nature is “the weekly, international, interdisciplinary journal of science”, Editor-in-Chief: Philip Campbell, BSc, aeronautical engineering, University of Bristol; MSc, astrophysics, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London; PhD and postdoctoral fellowship, upper atmospheric physics, University of Leicester, “The nuclear option: China is vigorously promoting nuclear energy, but its pursuit of reprocessing is misguided,” Nature, May 4, 2016, http://www.nature.com/news/the-nuclear-option-1.19844 If there’s one country that could disprove the old joke among engineers about nuclear power AND and developing technologies that might enable nuclear energy to play a larger part.

Contention 2 is NUCLEAR POWER:

China’s rapidly investing in nuclear power, both domestically and internationally --- they’ve already agreed to build a plant in the UK, and they want to establish export markets --- bolstering transparency is crucial to ensure safe tech expansion Wübbeke and Ting 16 [Jost Wübbeke is head of the economy and technology program at the Mercator Institute for China Studies (MERICS) in Berlin. Guan Ting is a visiting academic fellow at MERICS, “China's Nuclear Industry Goes Global,” The Diplomat, February 11, 2016, http://thediplomat.com/2016/02/chinas-nuclear-industry-goes-global/] A European nuclear plant built and operated by China? Unimaginable, one might say AND technology is a more transparent nuclear industry and safety regime within China itself.

Chinese designs are key to rapid global nuclear energy transitions --- their capital flows and labor costs make Chinese exports more cost-effective than any other country Spegele 16 [Brian, graduate degrees in Mandarin and Chinese Studies from Nanjing University, WSJ China correspondent, “China Inc.’s Nuclear-Power Push,” Wall Street Journal, February 23, 2016, http://www.wsj.com/articles/china-inc-s-nuclear-power-push-1456251331] SHENZHEN, China—China wants to shift from customer to competitor in the global AND hurdles, though these may be overcome through jointly investing with local partners.

Multifaceted nuclear industry engagement between the US and China establishes a culture of safety cooperation that establishes effective global safeguards Nakano 14 [Jane, Fellow, Energy and National Security Program, The Center for Strategic and International Studies, “U.S.-CHINA CLEAN ENERGY COOPERATION”, Statement before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, http: uscc.gov/sites/default/files/Testimony_Nakano_USCC_4%2025%202014_revised.pdf] Nuclear energy has become central to energy planning for China, the world’s most populous AND between the two countries in enhancing regulatory and safety standards around the world.

Increased investment in US nuclear power advances is key to prevent warming—alternatives fail to provide sufficient baseload power to replace fossil fuels Robock 16 [Zachary, JD, associate at Jones Day, where his practice focuses on corporate and energy matters, “Economic Solutions to Nuclear Energy's Financial Challenges”, 2016, http://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1053&context=mjeal]DBI I. THE NEED FOR NUCLEARENERGY∂ Next-generation nuclear power should be a AND consumption of nuclear waste, as discussed below in Section II.A.

US-China cooperation over safe nuclear power development in China is critical to prevent warming—now is key Hansen 14 [James, adjunct professor in the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences at Columbia University, elected to the National Academy of Sciences, has won several awards for his climate change research, “Renewable Energy, Nuclear Power and Galileo: Do Scientists Have a Duty to Expose Popular Misconceptions?”, 2/21/14, http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/mailings/2014/20140221_DraftOpinion.pdf]DBI China – U.S. cooperation & planetary resurgence∂ There are many reasons AND United States, but the repercussions of success would ring throughout the planet.

Warming causes extinction---geological history proves Bushnell 10 - MS in mechanical engineering, won the Lawrence A. Sperry Award, AIAA Fluid and Plasma Dynamics Award, the AIAA Dryden Lectureship, and is the recipient of many NASA Medals for outstanding Scientific Achievement and Leadership Bushnell (Dennis, "Conquering Climate Change," The Futurist 44. 3, May/Jun 2010, ProQuest) Unless we act, the next century could see increases in species extinction, disease AND , so, as dire as the forecasts sound, they're actually conservative.

U.S. nuclear leadership will collapse in the status quo – expanding access to global markets ensures the US continues to shape global nuclear norms Wallace et al, 13 – CSIS Senior Advisor [Michael, John Kotek, Sarah Williams, Paul Nadeau, Thomas Hundertmark, George David Banks, June, CSIS, Restoring Us Leadership in Nuclear Energy, https://csis-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3f public/legacy_files/files/publication/130614_ RestoringUSLeadershipNuclearEnergy_ WEB.pdf, accessed 7/17/16, ge] EXECUTIVE SUMMARY America’s nuclear energy industry is in decline. Low natural gas prices, AND to become irrelevant in a new nuclear age. This brief outlines why.

Thus, the plan: The United States federal government should offer to lift restrictions on foreign ownership of nuclear power reactors for investors from the People’s Republic of China in exchange for the People’s Republic of China suspending nuclear spent fuel reprocessing development programs, expanding anti-proliferation outreach efforts targeted at the domestic nuclear industry, and establishing high-level intelligence exchanges between China National Nuclear Corp. and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

Contention 3 is SOLVENCY:

China is leapfrogging America’s nuclear industry --- refusing to open domestic plants up to foreign investment means the U.S. gets left behind Desai and Schroeder 16 [Sachin Desai is a law clerk for the Atomic Safety & Licensing Board Panel at the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). Kathleen Schroeder is an attorney with the Department of Energy General Counsel's Office for Civilian Nuclear Programs, “U.S. Nuclear Foreign Ownership Policy Ready for a Refreshed Interpretation,” Energy Law Journal Vol. 37, No. 1, 2016] A. Increasing Globalization of the Nuclear Energy Industry∂ With ninety-nine reactors AND taken foreign funding and may even be majority-foreign-owned. n37

The plan revitalizes the US nuclear industry through opening up US nuclear plants to Chinese investment in exchange for approving their nuclear tech. China says yes- they agreed to a similar QPQ with Britain and they’re trying to expand to the U.S. now Desai and Schroeder 16 [Sachin Desai is a law clerk for the Atomic Safety & Licensing Board Panel at the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). Kathleen Schroeder is an attorney with the Department of Energy General Counsel's Office for Civilian Nuclear Programs, “U.S. Nuclear Foreign Ownership Policy Ready for a Refreshed Interpretation,” Energy Law Journal Vol. 37, No. 1, 2016] B. The Need to Revisit Restrictions on Foreign Ownership of U.S. AND Staff to reach diverging views with applicants on the meaning of the term.

The NRC can approve foreign ownership --- opening up nuclear plants to Chinese investment infuses the American nuclear industry with cash and improves America’s nuclear competitiveness Desai and Schroeder 16 [Sachin Desai is a law clerk for the Atomic Safety & Licensing Board Panel at the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). Kathleen Schroeder is an attorney with the Department of Energy General Counsel's Office for Civilian Nuclear Programs, “U.S. Nuclear Foreign Ownership Policy Ready for a Refreshed Interpretation,” Energy Law Journal Vol. 37, No. 1, 2016] As the global energy economy becomes increasingly fluid, foreign ownership of U.S AND licensed facility remain in the hands of U.S. citizens." n363

China says yes – they’re desperate to find any market for nuclear exports Thomas 16 [Steve Thomas, professor of energy studies at the University of Greenwich, in London, “Why China’s Nuclear Exports May Struggle to Find a Market,” May 13, 2016, China File, https://www.chinafile.com/environment/why-chinas-nuclear-exports-may-struggle-find-market] China’s nuclear power industry has eyed up a big push to export its technologies as AND be needed to fulfil its order book, must be in serious doubt.

Chinese nuclear industry growth is the single greatest risk to global nonprolif --- inducing Chinese nuclear sector transparency and government-to-government information exchange ensures effective safety measures Bowen 13 [Wyn Q. Bowen, professor of nonproliferation and international security and the director of the Centre for Science and Security Studies in the Department of War Studies at King's College in London, his expertise is in nonproliferation, terrorism, and US security policy, from 1997 to 1998, he served as a weapons inspector on several missile teams in Iraq with the UN Special Commission; he has also worked as a consultant to the International Atomic Energy Agency, more recently, he was a specialist adviser to the House of Commons' Foreign Affairs Committee for inquiries into Britain's decision to enter the Iraq War, also written with Ian J. Stewart and Daniel Salisbury, “Engaging China in proliferation prevention,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, October 29, 2013, http://thebulletin.org/engaging-china-proliferation-prevention] China continues to be the key source of goods and technology for the prohibited nuclear AND waning, but it could also undermine broader nonproliferation efforts around the world.


 * Nuclear Energy Aff v2**

Contention 1 is WARMING:

China’s rapidly investing in nuclear power, both domestically and internationally --- they’ve already agreed to build a plant in the UK, and they want to establish export markets --- bolstering transparency is crucial to ensure safe tech expansion Wübbeke and Ting 16 [Jost Wübbeke is head of the economy and technology program at the Mercator Institute for China Studies (MERICS) in Berlin. Guan Ting is a visiting academic fellow at MERICS, “China's Nuclear Industry Goes Global,” The Diplomat, February 11, 2016, http://thediplomat.com/2016/02/chinas-nuclear-industry-goes-global/] A European nuclear plant built and operated by China? Unimaginable, one might say AND technology is a more transparent nuclear industry and safety regime within China itself.

Chinese designs are key to rapid global nuclear energy transitions --- their capital flows and labor costs make Chinese exports more cost-effective than any other country Spegele 16 [Brian, graduate degrees in Mandarin and Chinese Studies from Nanjing University, WSJ China correspondent, “China Inc.’s Nuclear-Power Push,” Wall Street Journal, February 23, 2016, http://www.wsj.com/articles/china-inc-s-nuclear-power-push-1456251331] SHENZHEN, China—China wants to shift from customer to competitor in the global AND hurdles, though these may be overcome through jointly investing with local partners.

Multifaceted nuclear industry engagement between the US and China establishes a culture of safety cooperation that establishes effective global safeguards Nakano 14 [Jane, Fellow, Energy and National Security Program, The Center for Strategic and International Studies, “U.S.-CHINA CLEAN ENERGY COOPERATION”, Statement before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, http: uscc.gov/sites/default/files/Testimony_Nakano_USCC_4%2025%202014_revised.pdf] Nuclear energy has become central to energy planning for China, the world’s most populous AND between the two countries in enhancing regulatory and safety standards around the world.

Increased investment in US nuclear power advances is key to prevent warming—alternatives fail to provide sufficient baseload power to replace fossil fuels Robock 16 [Zachary, JD, associate at Jones Day, where his practice focuses on corporate and energy matters, “Economic Solutions to Nuclear Energy's Financial Challenges”, 2016, http://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1053&context=mjeal]DBI I. THE NEED FOR NUCLEARENERGY∂ Next-generation nuclear power should be a AND consumption of nuclear waste, as discussed below in Section II.A.

US-China cooperation over safe nuclear power development in China is critical to prevent warming—now is key Hansen 14 [James, adjunct professor in the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences at Columbia University, elected to the National Academy of Sciences, has won several awards for his climate change research, “Renewable Energy, Nuclear Power and Galileo: Do Scientists Have a Duty to Expose Popular Misconceptions?”, 2/21/14, http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/mailings/2014/20140221_DraftOpinion.pdf]DBI China – U.S. cooperation & planetary resurgence∂ There are many reasons AND United States, but the repercussions of success would ring throughout the planet.

Warming is real, anthropogenic, and threatens the planet Griffin, 15 – Professor of Philosophy at Claremont, David, “The climate is ruined. So can civilization even survive?”, 4-14, http://www.cnn.com/2015/01/14/opinion/co2-crisis-griffin/ Although most of us worry about other things, climate scientists have become increasingly worried AND the whole world to replace dirty energy with clean as soon as possible.

Geological history proves—warming’s effects will be catastrophic Bushnell 10 - MS in mechanical engineering, won the Lawrence A. Sperry Award, AIAA Fluid and Plasma Dynamics Award, the AIAA Dryden Lectureship, and is the recipient of many NASA Medals for outstanding Scientific Achievement and Leadership Bushnell (Dennis, "Conquering Climate Change," The Futurist 44. 3, May/Jun 2010, ProQuest) Unless we act, the next century could see increases in species extinction, disease AND , so, as dire as the forecasts sound, they're actually conservative.

Overwhelming consensus of scientists is on our side—warming is real and anthropogenic Cook ’16 (John; 4/16/16; Climate Communication Fellow for the Global Change Institute at The University of Queensland; IOP Science, “Consensus on consensus: a synthesis of consensus estimates on human-caused global warming,” http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/048002/pdf) Efforts to measure scientific consensus need to identify a relevant and representative population of experts AND agreement on AGW is overwhelmingly high because the supporting evidence is overwhelmingly strong.

Representations of warming are motivating and spur individual activism Veldman 12 – PhD Candidate Religion and Nature at U of Florida (Robin- National Foundation Fellow at the Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship, Spring, “Narrating the Environmental Apocalypse: How Imagining the End Facilitates Moral Reasoning Among Environmental Activists” Ethics and the Environment, Vol 17 No 1, ProjectMuse) Environmental Apocalypticism and Activism As we saw in the introduction, critics often argue that AND apocalypticism and moral reasoning looks like in practice. [End Page 12]

Catastrophic warming reps are the only way to motivate response Romm ‘12 (Joe Romm is a Fellow at American Progress and is the editor of Climate Progress, which New York Times columnist Tom Friedman called "the indispensable blog" and Time magazine named one of the 25 “Best Blogs of 2010.″ In 2009, Rolling Stone put Romm #88 on its list of 100 “people who are reinventing America.” Time named him a “Hero of the Environment″ and “The Web’s most influential climate-change blogger.” Romm was acting assistant secretary of energy for energy efficiency and renewable energy in 1997, where he oversaw $1 billion in R&D, demonstration, and deployment of low-carbon technology. He is a Senior Fellow at American Progress and holds a Ph.D. in physics from MIT., 2/26/2012, “Apocalypse Not: The Oscars, The Media And The Myth of ‘Constant Repetition of Doomsday Messages’ on Climate”, http://thinkprogress.org/romm/2012/02/26/432546/apocalypse-not-oscars-media-myth-of-repetition-of-doomsday-messages-on-climate/#more-432546) The two greatest myths about global warming communications are 1) constant repetition of doomsday AND by most of the rest of the media, intelligentsia and popular culture.

Climate discourse transforms securitization and fosters a global community Trombetta ‘8 (Maria Julia, Professor of Economics of Infrastructures of Delft University of Technology, “The meaning and function of climate security” http://tudelft.academia.edu/MariaJuliaTrombetta/Papers/899481/The_meaning_and_function_of_climate_security) The two main arguments against considering the environment as a security issue come from Realists, and from those who warn against the problematic implications the word security brings with it. Constructivists and poststructuralists have challenged the narrow realist perspective suggesting that threats are socially constructed AND the “climate security discourse” has evolved and transformed security practices.

Thus, the plan: The United States federal government should offer to lift restrictions on foreign ownership of nuclear power reactors for investors from the People’s Republic of China in exchange for the People’s Republic of China suspending nuclear spent fuel reprocessing development programs, expanding anti-proliferation outreach efforts targeted at the domestic nuclear industry, and establishing high-level intelligence exchanges between China National Nuclear Corp. and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

Contention 2 is SOLVENCY:

The plan revitalizes the US nuclear industry through opening up US nuclear plants to Chinese investment in exchange for approving their nuclear tech. China says yes- they agreed to a similar QPQ with Britain and they’re trying to expand to the U.S. now Desai and Schroeder 16 [Sachin Desai is a law clerk for the Atomic Safety & Licensing Board Panel at the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). Kathleen Schroeder is an attorney with the Department of Energy General Counsel's Office for Civilian Nuclear Programs, “U.S. Nuclear Foreign Ownership Policy Ready for a Refreshed Interpretation,” Energy Law Journal Vol. 37, No. 1, 2016] B. The Need to Revisit Restrictions on Foreign Ownership of U.S. AND Staff to reach diverging views with applicants on the meaning of the term.

The NRC can approve foreign ownership --- opening up nuclear plants to Chinese investment infuses the American nuclear industry with cash and improves America’s nuclear competitiveness Desai and Schroeder 16 [Sachin Desai is a law clerk for the Atomic Safety & Licensing Board Panel at the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). Kathleen Schroeder is an attorney with the Department of Energy General Counsel's Office for Civilian Nuclear Programs, “U.S. Nuclear Foreign Ownership Policy Ready for a Refreshed Interpretation,” Energy Law Journal Vol. 37, No. 1, 2016] As the global energy economy becomes increasingly fluid, foreign ownership of U.S AND licensed facility remain in the hands of U.S. citizens." n363

China says yes – they’re desperate to find any market for nuclear exports Thomas 16 [Steve Thomas, professor of energy studies at the University of Greenwich, in London, “Why China’s Nuclear Exports May Struggle to Find a Market,” May 13, 2016, China File, https://www.chinafile.com/environment/why-chinas-nuclear-exports-may-struggle-find-market] China’s nuclear power industry has eyed up a big push to export its technologies as AND be needed to fulfil its order book, must be in serious doubt.