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=Title XI 1ac=


 * TEXT: The United States federal government should substantially increase United States Maritime Administration Title XI loan guarantee funding for short sea transportation in the United States.**

The **global economy** has embarked ... problem of income inequality."
 * Economic recovery is fragile now – the risk of catastrophic economic failure is high**
 * Xinhua News, 5/23/12** [OECD: Global Economy Recovery Fragile, reprinted, []]


 * We’ll access 2 internal links**


 * First is Stimulus**


 * The plan generates a massive economic stimulus– loan guarantees are the most effective catalyst for widespread investment**
 * Margaronis, 08** [Marine highway would ride wave of economic benefits, Stas, Guest Columnist Seattle Pi, [|http://www.seattlepi.com/local/opinion/article/Marine-highway-would-ride-wave-of-economic-1293286.php#ixzz1yY1CGarw]]

Currently, the U nited S tates... costs for shippers and consumers.

Series vessel production can pportunities for future generations.
 * Use of loan guarantees to build new ships stimulates the economy**
 * Heim** and Tedesco**, 9** — General Dynamics NASSCO, AND, Tedesco Consulting (Aimee and Matt, “A Shipbuilder’s Assessment of America’s Marine Highways”, 7/30/2009, http://www.nassco.com/pdfs/Shipbuilder-Assessment-American-Marine-Highway-NASSCO.pdf, Deech)

In order to remain **competitive in...** Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
 * Additionally, an effective MTS is vital to growth – capacity limitations act as a deadly stranglehold**
 * Lobiondo, et al 11** [Congressional Testimony, Frank A. LoBiondo is the U.S. Representative for New Jersey's 2nd congressional district, serving since 1995. He is a member of the Republican Party, CREATING JOBS AND INCREASING U.S. EXPORTS BY ENHANCING THE MARINE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM TUESDAY, JUNE 14, 2011 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SUBCOMMITTEE ON COAST GUARD AND MARITIME TRANSPORTATION, COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE, []]


 * Absent the plan, economic collapse causes extinction **
 * Austin ‘09 ** (Michael, Resident Scholar – American Enterprise Institute, and Desmond Lachman, Resident Fellow – American Enterprise Institute, “The Global Economy Unravels”, Forbes, 3-6, http://www.aei.org/article/100187)

Conversely, global policymakers do not seem... coalesce into // a big bang //.


 * Independently, A __federal program__ is a vital internal link to US global competitiveness – current funding is insufficient**
 * Zimmer, 11** [Nancy, August, “Progress on America’s Marine Highway” graduated from Smith College (B.A., cum laude, 1998), and City University of New York School of Law, (J.D., 2001). She is admitted to the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts, and the First Circuit Court of Appeals, and is a trained mediator. She is also a former commercial fisherman and commercial fishing boat owner. She is a member of the Maritime Law Association of the United States. Nancy can be contacted on +1 508 432-2121 or by email at zimmer@sealaw.org, []]

For the U nited S tates... disheartening at best.

__The____U__ nited __S__ tates' __global primacy depends....____entrepreneurship at home.__
 * Competitiveness is the key internal link to hegemony**
 * Segal, 4** – Senior Fellow in China Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations(Adam, Foreign Affairs, “Is America Losing Its Edge?” November / December 2004, http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20041101facomment83601/adam-segal/is-america-losing-its-edge.html) // JMP

Events in Libya are a further reminder... __make you nervous.__
 * Results in Great power war**
 * Barnett, 11** [Thomas P.M. Former Senior Strategic Researcher and Professor in the Warfare Analysis & Research Department, Center for Naval Warfare Studies, U.S. Naval War College American military geostrategist and Chief Analyst at Wikistrat., worked as the Assistant for Strategic Futures in the Office of Force Transformation in the Department of Defense, “The New Rules: Leadership Fatigue Puts U.S., and Globalization, at Crossroads,” March 7 http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/8099/the-new-rules-leadership-fatigue-puts-u-s-and-globalization-at-crossroads]

Advantage 2 is shipbuilding

 * Increased support for short sea shipping sustains the shipbuilding industry**


 * Raymond, 05** [Charles, President and CEO Horizon Inc. “Short Sea Shipping: Long On Benefits”, http://www.inboundlogistics.com/cms/article/short-sea-shipping-long-on-benefits/


 * And, expansion of title XI funding ensures __increased naval capacity__**


 * Goure, 11** [Lexington Institute, Obama Could Create Jobs And Support Defense, Daniel, PhD, []]


 * And, the plan reverses tidal waves of shipyard closings which decimate the industry**
 * Munoz, 11** [January 11, The Obama Infrastructure Plan, and Another Shipyard Closes, OP-ED by Tony Munoz, Editor-in-Chief of the Maritime ExecutiveMagazine and the MarEx Newsletter, []]


 * And, inland water ways are functionally limitless – the plan is the easiest means of infrastructure expansion and revitalizes the maritime sector**
 * Perakis** and Denisis**,08** [A survey of short sea shipping and its prospects in the USA, ANASTASSIOS N. PERAKIS* and ATHANASIOS DENISIS Department of Naval Architecture & Marine Engineering, University of Michigan, 213 NAME Building, 2600 Draper Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2145, USA, []]


 * __We Access Two internal links__ to the navy**


 * F__irst__, a strong shipbuilding industry is critical to produce the ships that __underlie__ our navy and global leadership — the plan ramps up demand which is key**
 * Alberto, et al., 5** (Lieutenant Colonel Ronald P., U.S. Army, Colonel Michael G. Archuleta, U.S. Air Force, Lieutenant Colonel Steven H. Bills, U.S. Air Force, Commander William A. Bransom, U.S. Navy, Mr. Kenneth Cohen, Department of State, Commander William A. Ebbs, U.S. Navy, George Manjgaladze, Ministry of Defense, Republic of Georgia, Commander Elizabeth B. Myhre, U.S. Navy, Audrea M. Nelson, DA, Robert L. Riddick, Department of Defense, Colonel Christopher M. Ross, U.S. Army, Julia N. Ruhnke, DA, Lieutenant Colonel Gregory M. Ryan, U.S. Marine Corps, Colonel David D. Thompson, U.S. Air Force, Commander Hugh D. Wetherald, U.S. Navy, Dr. Mark Montroll, faculty at the Industrial College of the Armed Forces, Dr. Michael Farbman, USAID, faculty at the Industrial College of the Armed Forces, Captain David B. Hill, U.S. Coast Guard, faculty at the Industrial College of the Armed Forces, “SHIPBUILDING”, The Industrial College of the Armed Forces, National Defense University, 2005, http://www.ndu.edu/icaf/programs/academic/industry/reports/2005/pdf/icaf-is-report-shipbuilding-2005.pdf, Deech)


 * __Second__, American shipbuilders are solely military suppliers which drives up costs — the plan __diversifies the sector__ and __staves off naval collapse__**
 * Alberto, et al., 5** (Lieutenant Colonel Ronald P., U.S. Army, Colonel Michael G. Archuleta, U.S. Air Force, Lieutenant Colonel Steven H. Bills, U.S. Air Force, Commander William A. Bransom, U.S. Navy, Mr. Kenneth Cohen, Department of State, Commander William A. Ebbs, U.S. Navy, George Manjgaladze, Ministry of Defense, Republic of Georgia, Commander Elizabeth B. Myhre, U.S. Navy, Audrea M. Nelson, DA, Robert L. Riddick, Department of Defense, Colonel Christopher M. Ross, U.S. Army, Julia N. Ruhnke, DA, Lieutenant Colonel Gregory M. Ryan, U.S. Marine Corps, Colonel David D. Thompson, U.S. Air Force, Commander Hugh D. Wetherald, U.S. Navy, Dr. Mark Montroll, faculty at the Industrial College of the Armed Forces, Dr. Michael Farbman, USAID, faculty at the Industrial College of the Armed Forces, Captain David B. Hill, U.S. Coast Guard, faculty at the Industrial College of the Armed Forces, “SHIPBUILDING”, The Industrial College of the Armed Forces, National Defense University, 2005, http://www.ndu.edu/icaf/programs/academic/industry/reports/2005/pdf/icaf-is-report-shipbuilding-2005.pdf, Deech)


 * Naval power is key to deterrence**
 * Conway et al 7** [ James T., General, U.S. Marine Corps, Gary Roughead, Admiral, U.S. Navy, Thad W. Allen, Admiral, U.S. Coast Guard, “A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower,” October, http://www.navy.mil/maritime/MaritimeStrategy.pdf]

NLUS, 12 – a nonprofit organization dedicated to educating our citizens about the importance of sea power to U.S. national security and supporting the men and women of the U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard and U.S.-flag Merchant Marine and their families (Navy League of the United States, “Maritime Primacy & Economic Prosperity: Maritime Policy 2012-13”, Navy League of the United States, 1/21/12, [] | AK)
 * And, causes and escalation of every transnational threat – the ship building industry is key**


 * A strong navy is critical to effective peacekeeping**
 * Vego, 8** — professor of operations at the Naval War College, former commanding officer in the former Yugoslav Navy and former West German merchant marine (Milan N., “On Naval Power”, Joint Forces Quarterly, July 2008, http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/jfq-50/JFQ-50.pdf, Deech)


 * Peacekeeping prevents great power wars**
 * Dean 95** – Adviser on international security issues for the Union of Concerned Scientists [Dean, Jonathan. (P articipated in East-West arms control negotiations and worked with U.N. peacekeepers in the field and in the State Department) “A stronger U.N. strengthens America,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Chicago: Mar 1995. Vol. 51, Iss. 2; pg. 45Ebscohost]


 * Naval strength solves Middle East war**
 * Vego, 8** — professor of operations at the Naval War College, former commanding officer in the former Yugoslav Navy and former West German merchant marine (Milan N., “On Naval Power”, Joint Forces Quarterly, July 2008, http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/jfq-50/JFQ-50.pdf, Deech)

Gold, 07 [Thomas J., Masters in Strategic Intelligence, Joint Military Intelligence College, Nuclear Conflict in the Middle East: An Analysis of Future Events, p. 53-55]
 * And, goes __global__ and __nuclear__**


 * Naval power is critical to effective BMD—specfically solves Maritime Terrorism**
 * Vego, 8** — professor of operations at the Naval War College, former commanding officer in the former Yugoslav Navy and former West German merchant marine (Milan N., “On Naval Power”, Joint Forces Quarterly, July 2008, http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/jfq-50/JFQ-50.pdf, Deech)


 * Naval Power projection is key to a cost-effective military strategy – maintains allied assurance with a light footprint.**
 * McKeon 12** – House Armed Services Committee Chairman (Howard P. "Buck", “FISCAL YEAR 2013 NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION BUDGET REQUESTS FROM U.S. CENTRAL COMMAND, U.S. SPECIAL OPERATIONS COMMAND AND U.S. TRANSPORTATION COMMAND”, 3-7-2012, UNITED STATES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, COMMITTEE ON THE ARMED SERVICES ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION, pdf) RaPa


 * Independently, the loss of naval hegemony ensures conflict **
 * Kagan 12** – (Robert Kagan is a senior fellow in foreign policy at the Brookings Institution. Adapted from "The World America Made," A version of this article appeared February 11, 2012, on page C1 in some U.S. editions of The WallStreet Journal, with the headline: “Why the World Needs America.” []

= contention 3 is solvency =


 * A comprehensive federal expansion of Title XI loan guarantees creates conditions favorable for private investment – the plan reverse the only barrier to short sea transportation**
 * Cook, 11** — former General Counsel of the Maritime Administration, Counsel to Seward and Kissel LLP (H. Clayton, “Dead in the Water”, Maritime Executive, 7/8/2012, http://www.maritime-executive.com/article/dead-in-the-water, Deech)


 * And, solely private sector action is insufficient – high startup costs make external incentives critical**
 * McCormick, 10** [ Strengthening US Government US Secretary of Transportation Ray LaHood addressed the recent National Port Summit in San Diego. Wayne McCormick, of America’s Marine Highways, conducted the following interviewSupport of Marine Highways, []]


 * And, the plan reduces risk and creates the financial backing necessary for short sea shipping**
 * Margaronis, 08** [Green Ships Can Fight Global Warming, president of California-based Santa Maria Shipowning & Trading Inc, p. online document retrieved via a google download, full text email alexanderdpappas@gmail.com]


 * And, that heightens the resiliency of the transportation network – a secure federal funding stream ensures adequate coordination**
 * Lombardo, 04** [Short Sea Shipping: Practices, Opportunities and Challenges[|[1]] Written by Gary A. Lombardo, Ph.D.[|[2]] Prepared by TransportGistics, Inc,

[]]

Jackson, 07 [ LEVERAGING THE STRATEGIC VALUE OF THE U.S. INLAND WATERWAY SYSTEM, Colonel Donald E. Jackson, Jr. United States Army Professor John F. Troxell Project Adviser, http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:0K7n92gvqk0J:www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD%3DADA469583+&hl=en&gl=us]
 * We can’t consult NATO--consistent funding and a net increase are required to generate new capacity**


 * Federal leadership key—coordination and easy integration**
 * DOT 11** (“America’s Marine Highway Report to Congress” April 2011 http://www.marad.dot.gov/documents/MARAD_AMH_Report_to_Congress.pdf)//NJain

=NEG=
 * Past 2NRs**
 * 1. Jackson Vanik Politics and Case (Mass Transit)**
 * 2. Jackson Vanik Politics and Privatization CP (Mass Transit)**
 * 3. Capitalism Kritik (Title XI)**
 * 4. Jackson Vanik Politics and Case (AIP)**
 * 5. Jackson Vanik Poltiics and TIFIA Reform CP (NIB)**
 * 6. Jackson Vanik Politics and LOST CP (Title XI)**
 * 7. Environment Turns and Jackson Vanik Politics (CCS)**