Madison+&+Graziella


 * __ 1AC __**
 * Plan: The United States federal government should substantially increase its regulated carbon backbone pipeline infrastructure investment in the United States. **

**__ 1AC Solvency __** Cyrus, “Note: Regulating Carbon Capture and Sequestration: A Federal Regulatory Regime to Promote the Construction of a National Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Network,” 80 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 950, Lexis
 * Carbon regulation is coming and CCS technology is advancing – facilitating regulated transportation infrastructure is key to jump-starting the commercial industry **
 * Zarraby 12 ** ** - ** chemical engineer for the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, JD expected from GWU in 2012

__ Rising food prices  __ ,... __  new CO<2> pipelines  __. 17

International Risk Governance Council, “Regulation of Carbon Capture and Storage,” []
 * The //__entire project__// depends on a national network for pipeline infrastructure **
 * I R G C 8 **

__ Large-scale CCS deployment ...  ____  the CCS industry. __

“Building Essential Infrastructure for Carbon Capture and Storage,” Report to the Global Carbon Capture and Storage Institute,[]
 * //__Significant__// and //__immediate__// government investment is key **
 * Insight Economics 11 **

This has ramifications ... __ from the public sector  __.

Rotterdam Climate Initiative, “Co2 capture, transport and storage in Rotterdam,” [] It is obvious that emitters,...required storage capacity for their CO 2
 * Key to reduce investment risk – EU model proves **
 * RCI 9 **


 * Absent federal funding, companies will inevitably build point-to-point **
 * Chrysostomidis et al. 9 ** – Ioannis Chrysostomidis and Paul Zakkour, Environemtal Resources Management; Mark Bohm and Eric Beynon, Suncor Energy; Renato de Filippo, Eni SpA; Arthur Lee, Chevron Corporation (“Assessing issues of financing a CO2 transportation pipeline infrastructure” Energy Procedia Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages 1625–1632, February 2009, [] ) // MR //

// **__For carbon dioxide capture ...__** **__same capacity utilization risk.__** //

// **That drives up costs, delays the project, and doesn’t store enough CO2** // // **National Grid 12** – international electricity and gas company and one of the largest investor-owned energy companies in the world (“The benefits of a clustered carbon capture and storage system over point-to-point” National Grid, 2012,[|__http://www.nationalgrid.com/uk/EnergyandServices/NonRegs/CCS/ClusteringBenefits/#header)//MR__] //

// **__A shared pipeline ...__** **__be too expensive.__** //

// **Federal lands are key to accelerate deployment of CCS** // // **Grant 9** - Physical Scientist Office of Systems, Analyses, and Planning @ DoE // // Tim, “Storage of Captured Carbon Dioxide Beneath Federal Lands,” Dept of Energy, []  //

// A global effort is underway ... __ of CCS technology __. //

// ** Laundry list of legal checks on environmental impacts ** // // **Shortino 11** – journalist at the Philadelphia Inquirer (John, “Types of Coal Mining Restrictions” eHow.com, June 29 2011 [|__http://www.ehow.com/info_8665548_types-coal-mining-restrictions.html__]) MLR //

// __ Surface Mining Control ... ____ endangered animal population __. //

**__ 1AC Economy __** // **Advantage 1 – economy** //

// **Carbon sequestration is key to averting negative economic consequences of carbon regulations** // // **EPA 10****–** US Environmental Protection Agency // // “Report of the Interagency Task Force on Carbon Capture and Storage,” []  //

// While __ CCS __ can be applied ... __ technologies for export. __ //

// **Having coal as a utility option is key – any alternative drastically increases consumer energy costs** // // **Zarraby 12** **-** chemical engineer for the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, JD expected from GWU in 2012 // // Cyrus, “Note: Regulating Carbon Capture and Sequestration: A Federal Regulatory Regime to Promote the Construction of a National Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Network,” 80 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 950, Lexis //

// In the United States, ... __ associated with electricity generation __. //

// **Coal is key to all major sectors of the economy** // // **Rose and Wei 6** **-** * Professor of Energy, Environmental and Regional Economics, **Graduate Assistant in the Department of Geography at the Pennsylvania State University** // // ** Adam and Dan, “The Economic Impacts of Coal Utilization and Displacement in the Continental United States, 2015,”[] ** //

// ** We performed our analysis ... __ effects throughout the U.S. economy __. ** //

// Nuclear war // // Harris and Burrows 9 **(Mathew, PhD European History at Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer, member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis” [|__http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf__], AM)** //

Increased Potential for Global ...__ a more dog-eat-dog world. __

// Independently, the plan is a key fiscal stimulus // // ACCCE 11 // // ** American Coalition for Clean Coal Energy, “American Coalition for Clean Coal Electricity,” [] ** //

// **__ The United States continues ... ____ the government invests __. ** //

// That’s key to faster growth // // Applebaum 12 - ***PhD, Professor @ Rutgers, senior economist at the Center for Economic and Policy Research** // // ** Eileen, 4-27, “Blame Budget Austerity for Poor GDP Growth,” [] ** //

// **__ As the __ Obama administration's 2009 ... __ It should not choose austerity __. ** //

// Government spending solves every internal link employment and doesn’t cause inflation – it stimulates demand // // Harvey, 11** – Professor of Economics @ TCU (John, “How to Destroy the US Economy? Balance the Budget,” 6-5, [|__http://blogs.forbes.com/johntharvey/2011/06/05/how-to-destroy-the-us-economy/__]) ** //** AH **


 * Situations like the 1930s ... a household __budget works__ . **

Even absent a recession, slow growth leads to global wars Khalilzad 11 – PhD, Former Professor of Political Science @ Columbia, Former ambassador to Iraq and Afghanistan
 * Zalmay Khalilzad was the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush and the director of policy planning at the Defense Department from 1990 to 1992. "The Economy and National Security" Feb 8 www.nationalreview.com/blogs/print/259024 **


 * Today, __ economic __ and fiscal ... __ aggressive moves in their regions __ . **

__ 1AC Warming  __ Advantage 2 – warming

Global warming is real and human induced – top climate scientists agree Anderegg et al 10 – PhD Candidate @ Stanford in Biology
 * William, “Expert credibility in climate change,” National Academy of Sciences, p. 12107-12109 **


 * Preliminary reviews of ... __ anthropogenic climate change __ . **

Warming is an existential risk – // __quickening__ // reductions is key to avoiding extinction Mazo 10– PhD in Paleoclimatology from UCLA
 * Jeffrey Mazo, Managing Editor, Survival and Research Fellow for Environmental Security and Science Policy at the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London, 3-2010, “Climate Conflict: How global warming threatens security and what to do about it,” pg. 122 **


 * The best estimates for ... __ cultural and political changes __ . **

Warming is an existential risk—even if there’s uncertainty, we must act Scorse 8 ** – Professor of International Studies **
 * Jason, Assistant Professor @ Monterey Institute of International Studies @ Middlebury College, What Environmentalists Need to Know About Economics, Online Book **


 * __ Even though the science ... __ **** __ proper discount rate __ . **

Unmitigated carbon emissions cause extinction. Romm 12 ** – Joe Romm is a Fellow at American Progress and is the editor of Climate Progress, “Science: Ocean Acidifying So Fast It Threatens Humanity’s Ability to Feed Itself,” 3/2/2012, [] **


 * __The world’s oceans ...__ **** __for reef and shell-building.__ **

Carbon sequestration is key Mack and Endemann 10 - ** *partner in the Houston office and global Chair of the Environmental Transactional Support Practice, provides over 25 years of experience advising on the transactional, environmental and regulatory issues associated with all sectors of the oil and gas industry, power (including both fossil and renewable energy), mining and chemical industries in the United States and abroad, in addition to the development, financing and entitlements for telecommunications and other industrial and public infrastructure facilities in the United States and offshore, ** JD, Faculty @ USD Law, provides comprehensive environmental counseling on energy and infrastructure projects, and represents clients in related litigation Joel and Buck, “Making carbon dioxide sequestration feasible: Toward federal regulation of CO2 sequestration pipelines,” Energy Policy, []

__ At present, approximately ...  ____  from global climate change  __. 8

James, “SENATE ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC WORKS COMMITTEE,” []
 * CCS solves and immediate action is necessary **
 * Rogers 7 ** ** - *CEO of Duke Energy **

Carbon capture and storage... __ more attention and resources  __.

Interdisciplinary Study, The Future of Coal, []
 * Even if regulations aren’t likely now, the plan is key to convincing the world that emissions can be cut without economic cost **
 * MIT **** 7 **

Washington, DC – Leading __...__ should be greatly enhanced.

Jay, “Incentives for Near-Term Carbon Dioxide Geological Sequestration,” Carnegie Mellon, []
 * Only the plan is modeled – BRIC countries won’t cut emissions unless they can avoid economic cost **
 * Apt et al 7 ** ** – PhD in Physics @ MIT, Professor of Technology, Tepper School of Business and Engineering and Public Policy **

__ The  __ Intergovernmental Panel ... in figure 28 below.