Swapnil+&+Jennifer

= AFF =

** Contention one is solvency **
__ The AUV's evolution is taking place at an amazing rate of change. __ At the AND . A new public-private partnership is the key to such success.
 * AUV development is inevitable, but Congress has to act promptly to authorize, appropriate and coordinate a comprehensive national program for it to work—that spurs P3s which streamline production and overcome previous barriers **
 * FIND 14 ** – Federal information and news dispatch (FIND, “House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation Hearing”, federal press release, [|http://insurancenewsnet.com/oarticle/2014/02/07/house-transportation-and-infrastructure-subcommittee-on-coast-guard-and-maritime-a-457472.html#.U6xpufmICQo], HW)

Frontiers in the Ocean Jim Cameron is a visionary who is capable of looking beyond AND that U.S. ocean science research will have around the globe.
 * Only U.S. federal investment can catalyze private sector tech and R&D development **
 * Avery, 13 ** —President and Director Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, June 11 2013 [Dr. Susan K., Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Published June 11 2013, [] ] JB

Current ocean exploration is woefully inadequate in climate data collection—AUVs are the key first step
Last month, a distinguished  group of AND
 * McNutt, 13 —**Marcia, Executive Chair of Oceans 2020, a group of more than 110 ocean explorers gathered at the Aquarium of the Pacific in Long Beach, California, “Accelerating Ocean Exploration” SCIENCE 341:937 (30 August 2013). Reprinted with permission from AAAS in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, “The Report of Ocean Exploration Exploration 2020; A National Program,” July, []. Page 13-14 //BR

for future decisions .


 * Specifically, AUVs are key to __cold vent monitoring__ **


 * Furlong 13 ****–** Masters student, University of Victoria (Jonathan, “Characteristic Morphology, Backscatter, and Sub-seafloor Structures of Cold-Vents on the Northern Cascadia Margin from High-Resolution Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Data” UMI Dissertations Publishing. ProQuest)

In this chapter __I discuss __ __AND__ __into the subsurface. __

__The co-deposition __ __AND__ from the continent (Etiope et al., 2008).
 * __ Methane seepage __**** from cold vents trigger __immediate climate tipping events__ **
 * Furlong 13 ****–** Masters student, University of Victoria (Jonathan, “Characteristic Morphology, Backscatter, and Sub-seafloor Structures of Cold-Vents on the Northern Cascadia Margin from High-Resolution Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Data” UMI Dissertations Publishing. ProQuest)

Explosive methane bursts cause human extinction – the signs are appearing now
**Aym 10** [Terrence [] Doomsday Methane Bubble Rupture?: How the BP Gulf Disaster May Have Triggered a ‘World-Killing’ Event

Ryskin’s methane extinction theory AND into the Gulf waters.

AUVs are key to understanding and mitigating several other huge environmental threats—oil spills, coral reefs and biodiversity loss

 * Bluefin robotics, 12 **—AUV Technology Company, September 2012 [Bluefin robotics is a Battelle company who develops, builds, and operates Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) and related technologies for defense, commercial, and scientific customers worldwide, [], accessed 26 June 2014] JB

Sampling and persistent monitoring AND

deep coral reef ecosystems are known to exist.

Species diversity loss causes global extinction – we’re at the tipping point – crossing the threshold in the next 10 years makes it irreversible

 * Walsh 10 —**Bryan, “Wildlife: A Global Convention on Biodiversity Opens in Japan, But Can It Make a Difference?” Ecocentric Blog @ TIME, 10-18, [|http://ecocentric.blogs.time.com/2010/10/18/wildlife-a-global-convention-on-biodiversity-opens-in-japan-but-can-it-make-a-difference/#ixzz131wU6CSp]. //BR

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">The story of non-human

First, AUV’s key to bioprospecting—commercial scale and rapid assessment solves
Arico and Salpin 5 (Salvatore Arico, Senior Programme Specialist for Biodiversity Assessments and Inter-Agency Coordination at UNESCO’s Natural Sciences Sector, Charlotte Salpin, Legal Officer Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea Office of Legal Affairs United Nations, “Bioprospecting of Genetic Resources in the Deep Seabed: Scientific, Legal and Policy Aspects”, pg. 23,[] // nz) // // 3.4 Technological constraints and opportunities for deep seabed bioprospecting : I mportant technological considerations // // AND // order to ensure that the costs of deep sea expeditions are adequately covered //. //

Second, Cold vents key to bioprospecting—AUV’s can find them
**Moreau and van den Hove 7** (Vincent Moreau, Master's degree in Science and Technology in Innovation (Angers), Post-graduate of the CEIPI, Before joining the Cabinet Weinstein, has worked for 3 years for a company specializing in electrical equipment followed by 6 years in the IP department of a large car company, Sybille van den Hove, Director at MEDIAN SCP, Chairwoman of the Scientific Committee European Environment Agency, Intervenant NEOMA Business School, “Deep-sea Biodiversity and Ecosystems: A Scoping Report on Their Socio-economy, Management and Governance”, 2007, UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, pg. 19 nz) COLD SEEPS AND GAS HYDRATES Cold seeps are areas on the ocean floor where water AND a much more potent GHG than C02 (Krueger et at., 2003).

Ocean bioprospecting solves laundry list of impacts—disease, food security, and environmental destruction
**Abida et al 13** (Heni Abida 1, Sandrine Ruchaud 2 , Laurent Rios 3 , Anne Humeau 4 , Ian Probert 5 , Colomban De Vargas 6 , Stéphane Bach 2, and Chris Bowler 1, Environmental and Evolutionary Genomics Section 1, Kinase Inhibitor Specialized Screening facility 2, Greentech France 3, Soliance France 4, Roscoff Culture Collection 5, EPPO Laboratory 6, “Bioprospecting Marine Plankton”, November 14, 2013, Marine Drugs, pg. 4595-4596 // nz) // // As the world population expands and ages, we need to prepare to face new // // AND // // screening methodologies that have brought such molecules and/or strains to light. //

Food insecurity creates a vicious cycle that makes conflict inevitable-prefer new escalation model
¶ Food insecurity may play a role in sustaining conflict as ¶ it becomes part // AND // government action could again trigger or ¶ catalyze actions that could refuel conflicts.
 * Simmons 13 ** (Emmy, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. “Harvesting Peace: Food Security, Conflict, and Cooperation”@http://wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/HarvestingPeace.pdf// ) // JQ

Pandemics outweigh on probability and size
**Zakaria 5** ( Fareed, “A Threat Worse than Terror,” 10-31, Newsweek, [] . ) A flu pandemic is the most dangerous threat the // U // nited // S // tates faces today," says AND  for the first time // . No such expertise exists // for today's deadliest threat.

Contention three is REMs
**Green 14** – Senior Editor-in-Chief at Robotics BusinessReview(Tom, 5-12-14, Robotics Business Review, “Deep Sea Dive for Rare Earth Elements”,[]) After a year of falling prices and depleting customer inventories, buyers of Rare Earth AND with subsea robot mining tools built by technology partners like Soil Machine Dynamics.
 * REMs depleting now—AUVs accesses new supplies which are key for the aerospace industry and high tech manufacturing and allow us to beat out China **

The first step in minerals development is to find an economic mine site. This AND model to determine whether it is economically profitable to mine a given deposit.
 * Autonomous underwater vehicles key to inexpensive detection of mineral deposits AND new technology means surveys can be done quickly and accurately **
 * Wiltshire 10 ** – Specialist at Ocean and Resources Engineering [J. C., "MINERAL EXTRACTION, AUTHIGENIC MINERALS." //Marine Policy & Economics: A Derivative of the Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences//(2010): 274., Google Books, [|http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=dqzXwFsOFMcC&oi=fnd&pg=PA274&dq=(%22Rare+Earth+Elements%22+OR+%22rare+earth+minerals%22)+AND+(%22autonomous+underwater+vehicles%22+OR+%22Autonomous+Benthic+Explorer%22)&ots=PIzchVTPjs&sig=C1I_dhR2fdZIW6VUSsl3m8t-n44#v=onepage&q&f=false], pg 276]

China REM monopoly prevents US high tech manufacturing and causes all future development to offshore – US action is key now to win the race and cause reshoring
**Hannis 12** – Senior fellow in defense studies at the American Foreign Policy Council (Eric, 11-20-12, US News, “Are We Losing the Race for Rare Earths?”, []) The U nited S tates, like most of the industrialized world, is currently engaged in AND alternative that will allow them a way out of the China relocation trap.

First, REM independence is key to weapons development and preserving hegemony
**Hannis 12** - Senior fellow in defense studies at the American Foreign Policy Council (Eric, 11-20-12, US News, “Are We Losing the Race for Rare Earths?”,[]) This race is also important for defense reasons : A reliable domestic source of rare AND // that supplies much of our oil: Neither are getting friendlier to America. //

Second, Manufacturing is key to defense technology that’s the foundation of military primacy
The current wave of defense cuts is also different than past defense budget reductions in AND civilian and military export opportunities for the U nited S tates in a globalized marketplace.
 * O'Hanlon 12 ** - Scholar at the Brookings Institution, (Michael, January 2012, The Brookings Institution, “The Arsenal of Democracy and How to Preserve It: Key Issues in Defense Industrial Policy”, [] )

The pursuit of hegemony is inevitable, sustainable, and prevents great power war
Of course, even if it is true that the costs of deep engagement fall AND an engaged and liberal leading power. The results could well be disastrous.
 * IBW 13 ** - Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College and the Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University and Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University in Seoul and the Daniel Webster Professor of Government at Dartmouth College (John Ikenberry, Stephen G. Brooks, William C. Wohlforth, January/February 2013, Foreign Affairs, “Lean Forward: In Defense of American Engagement” [])

= NEG = Practice Round 2 Aff: Offshore Wind 1NC: Consumption K, T, Case Defense 2NC: Consumption K, Case Defense 1NR: T 2NR: T

Practice Round 7 Aff: Fear of the Oceans 1NC: Framework, Deleuze PIK, Race PIK, Case Defense 2NC: Framework, Case Defense 1NR: Race PIK 2NR: Framework

Practice Round 13 Aff: Middle Passage 1NC: Cap K, Anthro K, Afro-optimism Counter-advocacy, Case Defense 2NC: Afro-optimism, Case Defense 1NR: Anthro K 2NR: Afro-optimism Counter-advocacy, Case Defense

Practice Round 15 (GRAMS Intra-lab) Aff: Nuclear Shipping 1NC: T-Its, Shipping/Shipbuilding GHG Exemption CP, Oil DA, Heg Turns, Case Defense 2NC: CP, Heg Turns, Case Defense 1NR: Oil DA 2NR: CP, Oil DA

Practice Round 18 Aff: NOPP 1NC: Japan CP, Apoc Rhetoric K, TRIA Politics DA, Bioprospecting DA, Case Defense 2NC: Japan CP, Case Defense 1NR: Politics DA 2NR: Japan CP, Politics DA, Case Defense

Practice Round 20 (BEFJR Inter-Lab) Aff: Offshore Wind 1NC: T-Its, Oil DA, Consumption K, Advantage CP (CCS, Port Dredging, Navy build-up), Heg Turns, Case Defense 2NC: Advantage CP, Heg Turns, Case Defense 1NR: Oil DA 2NR: Advantage CP, Oil DA, Case Defense

Camp Tournament Round 2 Aff: Offshore Wind 1NC: T-Its, Oil DA, Consumption K, Advantage CP (CCS, Navy build-up), Heg Turns, Case Defense 2NC: Advantage CP, Heg Turns, Case Defense 1NR: T-Its, Oil DA 2NR: Advantage CP, Oil DA, Case Defense

Camp Tournament Round 3 Aff: LNG 1NC: T-Its, Oil DA, Security K, Arctic PIC w/ Arctic Bio-D Turn, Heg Turns, Case Defense 2NC: Arctic PIC, Heg Turns 1NR: Oil DA, Manufacturing Advantage 2NR: Oil DA, Heg Turns, Case Defense

Camp Tournament Round 5 Aff: Offshore Wind 1NC: T-Its, Consumption K, Oil DA, Advantage CP (CCS, Navy build-up), Environment DA, China Soft Power Turns, Case Defense 2NC: Consumption K, Advantage CP, Warming Defense 1NR: Oil DA, China Soft Power Turns 2NR: Advantage CP, Oil DA, China Soft Power Turns

Camp Tournament Octas Aff: LNG 1NC: T-Its, Oil DA, Security K, Arctic PIC w/ Arctic Bio-D Turn, Heg Turn, Case Defense 2NC: Arctic PIC w/ China Coal and Arctic Bio-D Turn, Heg Turn, Manufacturing defense 1NR: Oil DA, Exports Defense 2NR: Oil DA, Heg Turn, Case Defense