Kalyani+Allums+and+Abby+Fry

__**Case**__
 * 1AC Cites**

China’s not backing Arctic warming initiatives now, __decking broader US-China warming cooperation__ – __supporting Beijing’s Arctic status__ is key
Tiezzi, 15 —Shannon, Editor at The Diplomat, previously served as a research associate at the U.S.-China Policy Foundation, MA @ Harvard, also studied at Tsinghua University in Beijing. “Why Did China Opt Out of the Arctic Climate Change Statement?” The Diplomat, Sept 1, [] --br On Sunday and Monday, foreign ministers and other international leaders met in Anchorage, AND Paris summit, and for U.S.-China cooperation in general.

The Arctic will be __ ice free __ by 2100, driving __ 2/3 of all global trade __ through the Arctic without regulation-
Saul and Chestney, 16 —Jonathan and Nina, Reuters reporters citing Whit Sheard of the Circumpolar Conservation Union, Julie Gourley, senior Arctic official at the U.S. State Department and multiple studies. “Arctic thaw opens shipping waterways, risks to environment,” Feb 25, [] --br The Arctic is thawing even //faster than lawmakers can formulate new rules// to prevent the AND damage caused by physical hazards encountered in the Arctic, and navigating restrictions."

__Arctic cooperation__ is __solves__ – it’s the __epicenter__ of __glacier research__ and __shipping__ emission regulation
Slayton and Brigham, 15 —David Slayton is research fellow, co-chair and executive director of the Arctic Security Initiative at Stanford University’s Hoover Institution. Lawson W. Brigham is distinguished professor of geography and Arctic policy at the University of Alaska Fairbanks, a fellow at the U.S. Coast Guard Academy’s Center for Arctic Study & Policy, and a member of Hoover’s Arctic Security Initiative. “Strengthen Arctic cooperation between the US and China,” Aug 27, Alaska Dispatch News (ADN), [] --br Five key areas of cooperation can enhance Arctic cooperation between the U.S. AND the linkages of the polar regions to global change is another //fruitful course// ahead

Cooperation is on the __brink__ – China’s carefully assessing US __signals of commitment__
Davenport, 16 —Coral, covers energy and climate change policy at The New York Times, previously a fellow with the Metcalf Institute for Marine and Environmental Reporting and covered energy and the environment for National Journal, Politico, and Congressional Quarterly. “Supreme Court’s Blow to Emissions Efforts May Imperil Paris Climate Accord,” New York Times (NYT), Feb 10, [] --br The Supreme Court’s surprise decision Tuesday to halt the carrying out of President Obama’s climate AND States has long been the //chief obstacle// to meaningful global climate change agreements.

The plan revives US-China cooperation by spurring __highly-visible__, __lasting__ changes
Slayton and Brigham, 15 —David Slayton is research fellow, co-chair and executive director of the Arctic Security Initiative at Stanford University’s Hoover Institution. Lawson W. Brigham is distinguished professor of geography and Arctic policy at the University of Alaska Fairbanks, a fellow at the U.S. Coast Guard Academy’s Center for Arctic Study & Policy, and a member of Hoover’s Arctic Security Initiative. “Strengthen Arctic cooperation between the US and China,” Aug 27, Alaska Dispatch News (ADN), [] --br Fifth, joint Arctic marine research is an arena with much promise. Joint oceanographic AND within their already existing dialogue and in international organizations including the Arctic Council.

__US-China cooperation__ is key – they’re the __two largest emitters__ and __drive multilateral action__
Hongzhou, 15 —Zhang, Associate Research Fellow with the China Programme @ S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS) at Nanyang Technological University (Singapore). “China-US Climate Change Cooperation: Beyond Energy,” The Diplomat, Oct 13, [] --br The Paris Summit in December 2015 is being seen as the “last chance” AND government retreats from efforts to curb emissions in favor of stabilizing economic growth.

Acting now is key to reviving US-China Arctic cooperation – it’s try or die
Slayton and Brigham, 15 —David Slayton is research fellow, co-chair and executive director of the Arctic Security Initiative at Stanford University’s Hoover Institution. Lawson W. Brigham is distinguished professor of geography and Arctic policy at the University of Alaska Fairbanks, a fellow at the U.S. Coast Guard Academy’s Center for Arctic Study & Policy, and a member of Hoover’s Arctic Security Initiative. “Strengthen Arctic cooperation between the US and China,” Aug 27, Alaska Dispatch News (ADN), [] --br The China-U.S. relationship is a daily and recurring, sometimes AND , World Meteorological Organization, and International Hydrographic Organization, among other institutions.

US-China climate cooperation facilitates __mitigation and adaptation__ strategies globally---solves extinction
Li 14 – MA in Global Studies @ U Denver, Int’l Affairs Coordinator @ UN (Xiaoyu, “China-US Cooperation: Key to the Global Future,” China Institute of International Studies, http://www.ciis.org.cn/english/2014-01/13/content_6606656.htm) • Cooperation on climate change mitigation, adaptation, and consequence management. China- AND US businesses as well as//lower costs and widely disseminate clean energy technologies//. .

__ Expert consensus __ that warming is __ real __ and __ existential __ – melting glaciers ignite a __ cascade __ that __ exceeds cost-benefit analysis __
Treich and Rheinberger, 15 —Christoph Rheinberger (Professor of Health Policy and Management @ Harvard) and Nicolas Treich (Professor at the Toulouse School of Economics). Citing Weitzman (economist @ Harvard) and Bostrom (prof @ Oxford). “On the economics of the end of the world as we know it,” The Economist, [] -- br CLIMATE change //puts humanity at risk//. The Pope’s celebrated encyclical letter on the subject AND be very effective in overcoming the current inertia that climate negotiations suffer from.

Warming produces massive human injustices on improvised nations, communities, and populations—crosses lines of race and gender—policy response key
Quipu 13 Project Quipu, examining the manner in which financial news is reported in the popular media, The Hot Spring Network proposes to create a system whereby live-update, rss-technology, and financial and editorial expertise, come together to produce a reliable up-to-the-minute resource for evaluating broad economic trends and engagements, without limiting analysis to single-parameter references like GDP or individual stock indices, “Climate Justice is About Preventing Structural Violence”, March 11, [] When we discuss climate change, global warming or the human-caused destabilization of AND without which we will not achieve the best possible outcome for real people.

(Robin- National Foundation Fellow at the Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship, Spring, “Narrating the Environmental Apocalypse: How Imagining the End Facilitates Moral Reasoning Among Environmental Activists” Ethics and the Environment, Vol 17 No 1, ProjectMuse) Environmental Apocalypticism and Activism As we saw in the introduction, critics often argue that AND apocalypticism and moral reasoning looks like in practice. [End Page 12]
 * Representations of warming is motivating and spurs individual activism **
 * Veldman 12 ** – PhD Candidate Religion and Nature at U of Florida

__**Framing**__

** You should prioritize solutions to warming above anything else-its impacts are 100% probable and underrepresented in decision calculus **
Nixon 11 (Rob Nixon is the Rachel Carson Professor of English, University of Wisconsin-Madison, NY Times Contributor and former is an affiliate of the Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies the Harvard University Press 2011 “Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor” Pg 2-3 http://www.elimeyerhoff.com/books/nixon-rob--slow-violence-and-the-environmentalism-of-the-poor.pdf) Underlying his plan is an overlooked but crucial subsidiary benefit that he outlined: offloading AND are scientifically convoluted cataclysms in which casualties are postponed, often for generations.

__ Next year will be the seventieth anniversary of the end of the last global conflict __ __ AND __ __ countries are less desperate to go to war to seize other people's stuff. __
 * No Great Power War---deterrence, interdependence, social changes, and political and business elites **
 * Aziz 14 ** (John Aziz is the former economics and business editor at TheWeek.com, Don't worry: World War III will almost certainly never happen, 3/6/14, http://theweek.com/article/index/257517/dont-worry-world-war-iii-will-almost-certainly-never-happen)

**No state would __escalate to use nuclear weapons__—no plausible scenario for global exchange**
Michael Quinlan 9, distinguished former British defence strategist and former Permanent Under-Secretary of State, Thinking About Nuclear Weapons, 63-9 Even if initial nuclear use did not quickly end the fighting, the supposition of AND cosmic holocaust might be mistakenly precipitated in this way belongs to science fiction.

**Actively engaging and pressuring institutions is necessary to counter climate change**
Parenti & Emanuele 15 (Christian Parenti, former visiting fellow at CUNY's Center for Place, Culture and Politics, as well as a Soros Senior Justice Fellow, teaches in the Liberal Studies program at New York University, interview with Vincent Emanuele, writer, activist and radio journalist who lives and works in the Rust Belt, “Climate Change, Militarism, Neoliberalism and the State,” May 17, 2015, http://ouleft.sp-mesolite.tilted.net/?p=1980) You mention mutual aid and how it was overhyped by the left in the aftermath AND of climate science very seriously, I am something of a carbon fundamentalist.

**Structural violence is the proximate cause of all war- creates priming that psychologically structures escalation**
Scheper-Hughes and Bourgois ‘4 (Prof of Anthropology @ Cal-Berkely; Prof of Anthropology @ UPenn) (Nancy and Philippe, Introduction: Making Sense of Violence, in Violence in War and Peace, pg. 19-22) This large and at first sight “messy” Part VII is central to this AND including the house gun and gated communities; and reversed feelings of victimization).
 * Answers no root cause- because there is no root cause we must be attentative to structural inequality of all kinds because it primes people for broader violence- our impact is about the //scale// of violence and the //disproportionate// //relationship// between that scale and warfare, not that one form of social exclusion comes first

**Simulation and deliberation motivate effective responses to climate risks**
Marx et al. 7 (Sabine M, Center for Research on Environmental Decisions (CRED) @ Columbia University, Elke U. Weber, Graduate School of Business and Department of Psychology @ Columbia University, Benjamin S. Orlovea, Department of Environmental Science and Policy @ University of California Davis, Anthony Leiserowitz, Decision Research, David H. Krantz, Department of Psychology @ Columbia University, Carla Roncolia, South East Climate Consortium (SECC), Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering @ University of Georgia and Jennifer Phillips, Bard Centre for Environmental Policy @ Bard College, “Communication and mental processes: Experiential and analytic processing of uncertain climate information”, 2007, http://climate.columbia.edu/sitefiles/file/Marx_GEC_2007.pdf) Based on the observation that experiential and analytic processing systems compete and that personal experience AND engage both systems in the process of individual and group decision-making.