Nasim-+Affirmative 

=Taiwan Aff=

1ac – plan
====The United States federal government should diplomatically engage the People's Republic of China over the security measures of a staged Framework Agreement, beginning with an offer of reciprocal reductions in military commitments over Taiwan.====

The risk of a US-China war over Taiwan is high. Blocking independence is China's core national interest and outweighs economic ties
As Taiwan is important to both China and the United States, conflict of interests AND DPP), which has a different belief from the Koumintang (Nationalist Party).
 * Kuntić, 15** – visiting fellow at European Union Centre in Taiwan, National Taiwan University; PhD candidate at the Faculty of Political Science, University of Zagreb (Dario, "The Ominous Triangle: China-Taiwan-the United States relationship" CIRR XXI (72) 2015, 239-280)

The DPP election puts tensions on the brink – china just cut ties with taiwan
As Taiwanese leader Tsai Ing-wen reportedly got in touch with a number of AND DPP), which has a different belief from the Koumintang (Nationalist Party).
 * Borromeo 7/15**("China to US: Stop Support to Taiwan's Independence"; EL; 2016; http://en.yibada.com/articles/142059/20160715/china-stop-support-taiwans-independence.htm)//pk

Nationalistic pressure and nuclear insecurity make nuclear escalation probable
Although a number of regional sovereignty and maritime disputes have the potential to sour the AND Party] is finding it increasingly difficult to justify its weak responses."67
 * Glaser, 15** - Charles L Glaser is a professor in the Elliott School of International Affairs and the Department of Political Science at George Washington University. He is also a fellow in the Kissinger Institute at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars ("A U.S.-China Grand Bargain?" International Security, Vol. 39, No. 4 (Spring 2015), pp. 49–90, doi:10.1162/ISEC_a_00199

Strategic ambiguity drives the risk of escalation
If China were to attack Taiwan, would American forces come to the island's defense AND not to fight hard enough to prevent Beijing from achieving its core goals.
 * Colby and Slocombe, 16** - Mr. Colby is a senior fellow at the Center for a New American Security. Mr. Slocombe was U.S. undersecretary of defense for policy from 1994 to 2001 (Elbridge and Walter, "U.S. 'Ambiguity' on Taiwan Is Dangerous" Wall Street Journal, 5/23, http://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-ambiguity-on-taiwan-is-dangerous-1464022837

US-China nuclear war over Taiwan likely now and causes extinction – deterrence and nfu don't apply
For the United States and its allies and partners in Asia, China's aggressive efforts AND – the PRC will see the situation very differently than the United States.
 * Littlefield and Lowther 15**, Alex Littlefield is Senior Editor at Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Adam Lowther is a Research Professor at the Air Force Research Institute (AFRI) at Maxwell Air Force Base, (8/11/15, Taiwan and the Prospects for War Between China and America, The Diplomat, http://thediplomat.com/2015/08/taiwan-and-the-prospects-for-war-between-china-and-america/)//kap

Taiwan is a broader issue – lack of US action with china collapses geo-strategic security and guarantees SCS conflict
Tensions between Taipei and Beijing have risen again after China announced the decision to suspend AND confrontation with Beijing, in a region whose security architecture remains dangerously unsteady.
 * Ermito 7/14**, Daniele, BA in International Relations from the University of Bologna and a MSc in Asian Politics from the School of Oriental and African Studies("Tsai Administration Faces New Tensions With Beijing"; 2016;Foreign Policy Association; http://foreignpolicyblogs.com/2016/07/14/tsai-administration-tensions-beijing/)//pk

Collapse of geostrategic stability in the SCS goes nuclear – only a framework agreement to reduce presence solves
Christensen 15, 6/5/15 – Thomas J., Boswell professor of world politics and director of the China and the World Program at Princeton University, is a former U.S. deputy assistant secretary of state for East Asian and Pacific affairs, "China's Rising Military: Now for the Hard Part" http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2015-06-05/china-s-rising-military-now-for-the-hard-part One reason for this is that no consensus exists in East Asia on the territorial AND conditions in which a technologically superior foe attacks crucial targets with conventional weapons.

The US and China are locked an action-reaction cycle of hostility. Negotiating a staged Framework Agreement will de-escalate tensions
To overcome the structural weaknesses in U.S.-China relations—which could AND conflict U.S. and Chinese military operations and avoid accidental confrontations.
 * Gross, 13** - adjunct fellow of Pacific Forum CSIS, former Senior Advisor to the Under Secretary for International Security Affairs in the Department of State, former Counselor of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (Donald, The China Fallacy: How the U.S. Can Benefit from China's Rise and Avoid Another Cold War, p. 152-155

Taiwan is the most important starting point to address strategic distrust – plan is the vital internal link to broader, sustainable cooperation
More important, however, is that focusing on the quality of current crossstrait relations AND of cooperation on other issues and reduce the probability of competition and conflict.
 * Glaser, 15** - Charles L Glaser is a professor in the Elliott School of International Affairs and the Department of Political Science at George Washington University. He is also a fellow in the Kissinger Institute at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars ("A U.S.-China Grand Bargain?" International Security, Vol. 39, No. 4 (Spring 2015), pp. 49–90, doi:10.1162/ISEC_a_00199

US-China cooperation sets the tone for all international collaboration – key to bolster multilateralism
The global future is likely to be increasingly volatile and uncertain. The rate of AND challenges and threats is certain to increase as globalization continues and interdependence deepens.
 * Xing 13**, President & CEO @ China Institute for International Studies, (Qu, "China-US Cooperation: Key to the Global Future," http://globaltrends.thedialogue.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/China-US-cooperation-Key-to-the-Global-future.pdf)

Given the absence of immediate hegemonic challengers to the US (or a global strategic AND contributed to the crisis; all will be involved in the solution.24
 * ====Independently, successful management of proxy conflicts through regional multilateral institutions prevents existential threats ====**
 * Herd 10**, Graeme P., Head of the International Security Programme, Co-Director of the International Training Course in Security Policy, Geneva Centre for Security Policy, 2010, "Great Powers: Towards a "cooperative competitive" future world order paradigm?," in Great Powers and Strategic Stability in the 21^^st^^ Century, p. 197-198

Relations are key to stopping nuclear modernization – solves global nuclear war
Shaping China's military development Improved relations with China would allow the U.S. AND an arms control regime that considerably lowers the risk of nuclear war.44
 * Gross, 13** - adjunct fellow of Pacific Forum CSIS, former Senior Advisor to the Under Secretary for International Security Affairs in the Department of State, former Counselor of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (Donald, The China Fallacy: How the U.S. Can Benefit from China's Rise and Avoid Another Cold War, p. 62

Chinese nuclear modernization means they can't be deterred and causes war
Even against a conventionally armed weaker power, such an early escalation of conflict would AND gain by the nuclear modernization might give them added resolve in a crisis.
 * Christensen, 15** – William P. Boswell Professor of World Politics of Peace and War and Director of the China and the World Program at Princeton (Thomas, The China Challenge: Shaping the Choices of a Rising Power, p. 85-86)

The plan's reciprocal measures ensures trust and paves the way for broader relations
Taiwan currently faces an overwhelming military threat from China, which uses its forces to AND be more than sufficient to deter and dissuade China from seeking regional dominance.
 * Gross, 13** - adjunct fellow of Pacific Forum CSIS, former Senior Advisor to the Under Secretary for International Security Affairs in the Department of State, former Counselor of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (Donald, The China Fallacy: How the U.S. Can Benefit from China's Rise and Avoid Another Cold War, p. 159-165)

China says yes to greater diplomatic engagement; it's verifiable and won't destabilize relations with Taiwan or Asia
Under such circumstances, avoiding future escalating Sino-American crises over People's Liberation Army AND also not inconceivable that Beijing would permit or provide convincing levels of verification.
 * Swaine, 11** – senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and one of the most prominent American analysts in Chinese security studies (Michael, America's Challenge: Engaging a Rising China in the Twenty-First Century, p. 359-363

The plan solves nationalism —- prevents humiliation of Chinese leaders
China's public reaction to announcements of U.S. arms sales to Taiwan has AND systems, and I will come back to this point in a moment.
 * Firestein 14** – David, Perot Fellow and EWI's Senior Vice President for the Strategic Trust-Building Initiative and Track 2 Diplomacy.("China's Relations with Taiwan and North Korea"; June 5; East West Institute; http://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/Firestein-USCC%20Testimony.pdf)//pk

US views of China as an enemy only serves to exaggerate threat constructions and cause a self-fulfilling prophecy – peaceful reactions to china's rise prevents Chinese fears and future enmity
Opinion polls indicate that one-third of Americans believe that China will "soon AND direction, and avoid letting exaggerated fears create a self-fulfilling prophecy.
 * Nye 7**, Harvard University Distinguished Service Professor, (Joseph, 1/14/17, "Taiwan and Fear in US-China Ties", http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/17851/taiwan_and_fear_in_uschina_ties.html)//kap

China is only hostile in response to disrespect of Chinese sovereignty – Social identity theory dictates China's foreign policy not offensive realism
Overall, in all the three dimensions, the very fact that China was trying AND of disrespect towards its sovereignty, just as it was twenty years ago.
 * Lee, 16** - Department of Political Science, University of California, Los Angeles (James Jungbok Lee (2016) Will China's Rise Be Peaceful? A Social Psychological Perspective, Asian Security, 12:1, 29-52, DOI: 10.1080/14799855.2016.1140644 SIT = Social Identity Theory

Confrontational policies bolster hardliners – the plan increases the power of moderates
With a decision from an international ad hoc tribunal tasked with reviewing China's maritime claims AND with regional and global responsibilities needs to learn quickly to become an adult.
 * Zhang 6/23** Fellow at Department of International Relations Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs (Feng, "The Fight Inside China Over the South China Sea," Foreign Policy, 6/23/16, http://foreignpolicy.com/2016/06/23/the-fight-inside-china-over-the-south-china-sea-beijing-divided-three-camps/)\\BPS

Negotiated reciprocal concessions are vital to rapprochement and de-securitizing the conflict
During the second phase of the onset of stable peace, the trading of individual AND second phase, each state becomes confident that the other has benign motivations.
 * Kupchan, 12** – Professor of International Affairs in the School of Foreign Service and Government Department at Georgetown University (Charles, How Enemies Become Friends, p. 41-45

=**Arctic Aff**=

plan
====The United States federal government should offer to fully support and pursue full member status in the Arctic Council for the People's Republic of China if the People's Republic of China agrees to participate in bilateral cooperative agreements regarding Arctic scientific research and environmental policy issues. ====

It's not too late – action on warming can prevent devastating impacts,
Sam Kutesa (Uganda), Assembly President, said the well-being of the AND contested. The threat was global in nature, which required global action.
 * UN 15** (United Nations, "Failure to Constrain Climate Change Will Create 'Climate Chaos', Secretary-General Says at High-Level General Assembly Event Aimed at Inspiring Ambitious Accord," 6-29-15, http://www.un.org/press/en/2015/ga11658.doc.htm)

First is arctic co-op
The Arctic is thawing even faster than lawmakers can formulate new rules to prevent the AND damage caused by physical hazards encountered in the Arctic, and navigating restrictions."
 * ====Try or die – the Arctic will be ice free by 2100, driving 2/3 of all global trade through the Arctic without regulation ====**
 * Saul and Chestney, 16**—Jonathan and Nina, Reuters reporters citing Whit Sheard of the Circumpolar Conservation Union, Julie Gourley, senior Arctic official at the U.S. State Department and multiple studies. "Arctic thaw opens shipping waterways, risks to environment," Feb 25, http://www.reuters.com/article/us-climate-shipping-arctic-idUSKCN0VY1N9 —br

Arctic cooperation is vital – it's the epicenter of glacier research and shipping emission regulation
Five key areas of cooperation can enhance Arctic cooperation between the U.S. AND the linkages of the polar regions to global change is another fruitful course ahead
 * Slayton and Brigham, 15**—David Slayton is research fellow, co-chair and executive director of the Arctic Security Initiative at Stanford University's Hoover Institution. Lawson W. Brigham is distinguished professor of geography and Arctic policy at the University of Alaska Fairbanks, a fellow at the U.S. Coast Guard Academy's Center for Arctic Study & Policy, and a member of Hoover's Arctic Security Initiative. "Strengthen Arctic cooperation between the US and China," Aug 27, Alaska Dispatch News (ADN), http://www.adn.com/article/20150827/strengthen-arctic-cooperation-between-us-and-china —br

US-China cooperation on warming is key – they're the two largest emitters and drive multilateral action – renewed cooperation is vital
The Paris Summit in December 2015 is being seen as the "last chance" AND government retreats from efforts to curb emissions in favor of stabilizing economic growth.
 * Hongzhou, 15**—Zhang, Associate Research Fellow with the China Programme @ S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS) at Nanyang Technological University (Singapore). "China-US Climate Change Cooperation: Beyond Energy," The Diplomat, Oct 13, http://thediplomat.com/2015/10/china-us-climate-change-cooperation-beyond-energy/ —br

China's not backing Arctic warming initiatives now, decking broader US-China warming cooperation – supporting Beijing's Arctic status is key
On Sunday and Monday, foreign ministers and other international leaders met in Anchorage, AND Paris summit, and for U.S.-China cooperation in general.
 * Tiezzi, 15**—Shannon, Editor at The Diplomat, previously served as a research associate at the U.S.-China Policy Foundation, MA @ Harvard, also studied at Tsinghua University in Beijing. "Why Did China Opt Out of the Arctic Climate Change Statement?" The Diplomat, Sept 1, http://thediplomat.com/2015/09/why-did-china-opt-out-of-the-arctic-climate-change-statement/ —br

Cooperation is on the brink – China's carefully assessing US signals of commitment
The Supreme Court's surprise decision Tuesday to halt the carrying out of President Obama's climate AND . Then President George W. Bush pulled the United States out entirely.
 * Davenport, 16**—Coral, covers energy and climate change policy at The New York Times, previously a fellow with the Metcalf Institute for Marine and Environmental Reporting and covered energy and the environment for National Journal, Politico, and Congressional Quarterly. "Supreme Court's Blow to Emissions Efforts May Imperil Paris Climate Accord," New York Times (NYT), Feb 10, http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/11/us/politics/carbon-emissions-paris-climate-accord.html —br

Only the plan can revive cooperation – it spurs highly-visible, lasting change to combat warming
Fifth, joint Arctic marine research is an arena with much promise. Joint oceanographic AND within their already existing dialogue and in international organizations including the Arctic Council.
 * Slayton and Brigham, 15**—David Slayton is research fellow, co-chair and executive director of the Arctic Security Initiative at Stanford University's Hoover Institution. Lawson W. Brigham is distinguished professor of geography and Arctic policy at the University of Alaska Fairbanks, a fellow at the U.S. Coast Guard Academy's Center for Arctic Study & Policy, and a member of Hoover's Arctic Security Initiative. "Strengthen Arctic cooperation between the US and China," Aug 27, Alaska Dispatch News (ADN), http://www.adn.com/article/20150827/strengthen-arctic-cooperation-between-us-and-china —br

Despite the aforementioned activity, China has no declared official Arctic policy. Rather, AND opportunity to meet its growing energy, mineral, and food supply needs.
 * ====China will love it ====**
 * Commander William G. Dwyer III 15 **(Commander William G. Dwyer III, United States Coast Guard, Joint Force Quarterly, NDU Press 3rd Place Paper, 2015 Secretary of Defense National Security Essay Competition, 04-01-15, Paper: "China's Strategic Interests in the Arctic", Pgs. 2-3, Accessed on: 06-20-16//AWW

The China-U.S. relationship is a daily and recurring, sometimes AND , World Meteorological Organization, and International Hydrographic Organization, among other institutions.
 * ====Acting now is key to reviving US-China Arctic cooperation – it's try or die ====**
 * Slayton and Brigham, 15**—David Slayton is research fellow, co-chair and executive director of the Arctic Security Initiative at Stanford University's Hoover Institution. Lawson W. Brigham is distinguished professor of geography and Arctic policy at the University of Alaska Fairbanks, a fellow at the U.S. Coast Guard Academy's Center for Arctic Study & Policy, and a member of Hoover's Arctic Security Initiative. "Strengthen Arctic cooperation between the US and China," Aug 27, Alaska Dispatch News (ADN), http://www.adn.com/article/20150827/strengthen-arctic-cooperation-between-us-and-china —br

Warming is real, anthropogenic, and threatens extinction
Although most of us worry about other things, climate scientists have become increasingly worried AND the whole world to replace dirty energy with clean as soon as possible.
 * Griffin, 15 – **Professor of Philosophy at Claremont, David, "The climate is ruined. So can civilization even survive?", 4-14, http://www.cnn.com/2015/01/14/opinion/co2-crisis-griffin/

Turns every impact – prioritize it in your decision calculus
Our planet is 4.5 billion years old. If that whole time was AND investment patterns, and political decisions; it will be hard to fix!
 * Sharp and Kennedy, 14** – is an associate professor on the faculty of the Near East South Asia Center for Strategic Studies (NESA). A former British Army Colonel he retired in 2006 and emigrated to the U.S. Since joining NESA in 2010, he has focused on Yemen and Lebanon, and also supported NESA events into Afghanistan, Turkey, Egypt, Israel, Palestine and Qatar. He is the faculty lead for NESA's work supporting theUAE National Defense College through an ongoing Foreign Military Sales (FMS) case. He also directs the Network of Defense and Staff Colleges (NDSC) which aims to provide best practice support to regional professional military and security sector education development and reform. Prior to joining NESA, he served for 4 years as an assistant professor at the College of International Security Affairs (CISA) at National Defense University where he wrote and taught a Masters' Degree syllabus for a program concentration in Conflict Management of Stability Operations and also taught strategy, counterterrorism, counterinsurgency, and also created an International Homeland Defense Fellowship program. At CISA he also designed, wrote and taught courses supporting the State Department's Civilian Response Corps utilizing conflict management approaches. Bob served 25 years in the British Army and was personally decorated by Her Majesty the Queen twice. Aftergraduating from the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst in 1981, he served in command and staff roles on operations in Northern Ireland, Kosovo, Gulf War 1, Afghanistan, and Cyprus. He has worked in policy and technical staff appointments in the UK Ministry of Defense and also UK Defense Intelligence plus several multi-national organizations including the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). In his later career, he specialized in intelligence. He is a 2004 distinguished graduate of the National War College and holds a masters degree in National Security Strategy from National Defense University, Washington, D.C. AND is a renewable energy and climate change specialist who has worked for the World Bank and the Spanish Electric Utility ENDESA on carbon policy and markets (Robert and Edward, 8-22, "Climate Change and Implications for National Security" http://www.internationalpolicydigest.org/2014/08/22/climate-change-implications-national-security/)djm

CLIMATE change puts humanity at risk. The Pope's celebrated encyclical letter on the subject AND be very effective in overcoming the current inertia that climate negotiations suffer from.
 * ====Expert consensus- melting glaciers ignite a cascade that exceeds cost-benefit analysis ====**
 * Treich and Rheinberger, 15**—Christoph Rheinberger (Professor of Health Policy and Management @ Harvard) and Nicolas Treich (Professor at the Toulouse School of Economics). Citing Weitzman (economist @ Harvard) and Bostrom (prof @ Oxford). "On the economics of the end of the world as we know it," The Economist, http://www.economist.com/blogs/freeexchange/2015/07/climate-change — br

Underlying his plan is an overlooked but crucial subsidiary benefit that he outlined: offloading AND are scientifically convoluted cataclysms in which casualties are postponed, often for generations.
 * ====Warming comes first its underrepresented in decision calculus - Ignoring Slow Violence psychologically structures ecological devastation- that plays out across temporal scales and justifies global violence.====**
 * Nixon 11** (Rob Nixon is the Rachel Carson Professor of English, University of Wisconsin-Madison, NY Times Contributor and former is an affiliate of the Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies the Harvard University Press 2011 "Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor" Pg 2-3 http://www.elimeyerhoff.com/books/nixon-rob—slow-violence-and-the-environmentalism-of-the-poor.pdf)

Climate change produces massive human injustices on improvised nations, communities, and populations—crosses lines of race and gender—policy response key
When we discuss climate change, global warming or the human-caused destabilization of AND without which we will not achieve the best possible outcome for real people.
 * Quipu 13 **Project Quipu, examining the manner in which financial news is reported in the popular media, The Hot Spring Network proposes to create a system whereby live-update, rss-technology, and financial and editorial expertise, come together to produce a reliable up-to-the-minute resource for evaluating broad economic trends and engagements, without limiting analysis to single-parameter references like GDP or individual stock indices, "Climate Justice is About Preventing Structural Violence", March 11, https://web.archive.org/web/20130311092246/http://www.casavaria.com/cafesentido/2013/03/11/9120/climate-justice-is-about-preventing-structural-violence/

====Climate change is already devastating lives globally and in the US—-inaction is complicity and guarantees future Katrinas. Environmental justice requires expanding our spatial lens to account for distant others that are dying because of our choices.==== Pulido 12 – PhD, Professor of American Studies and Ethnicity, researches race, environmental justice, Chicana/o Studies, critical human geography, and Los Angeles (Laura, "The Future is Now: Climate Change and Environmental Justice," Social Text) On one side of town, there would be ecological 'haves,' enjoying AND dying of dehydration to know that an informal triage is already at work.

Actively engaging and pressuring institutions is necessary to counter climate change
You mention mutual aid and how it was overhyped by the left in the aftermath AND of climate science very seriously, I am something of a carbon fundamentalist.
 * Parenti & Emanuele 15 **(Christian Parenti, former visiting fellow at CUNY's Center for Place, Culture and Politics, as well as a Soros Senior Justice Fellow, teaches in the Liberal Studies program at New York University, interview with Vincent Emanuele, writer, activist and radio journalist who lives and works in the Rust Belt, "Climate Change, Militarism, Neoliberalism and the State," May 17, 2015, http://ouleft.sp-mesolite.tilted.net/?p=1980)

Abdication of pragmatic reform spirals into worse alternatives
Thus, when Žižek and others urge us to "Act" with violence to AND now include the hard labor to produce alternative visions that appear materially feasible.
 * Condit 15** [Celeste, Distinguished Research Professor of Communication Studies at the University of Georgia, "Multi-Layered Trajectories for Academic Contributions to Social Change," Feb 4, 2015, Quarterly Journal of Speech, Volume 101, Issue 1, 2015]

Representations of warming is motivating and spurs individual activism
Veldman 12 – PhD Candidate Religion and Nature at U of Florida (Robin- National Foundation Fellow at the Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship, Spring, "Narrating the Environmental Apocalypse: How Imagining the End Facilitates Moral Reasoning Among Environmental Activists" Ethics and the Environment, Vol 17 No 1, ProjectMuse) Environmental Apocalypticism and Activism As we saw in the introduction, critics often argue that AND apocalypticism and moral reasoning looks like in practice. [End Page 12]

====Criticisms of the United States must take into account its contribution to the existential crisis of climate change. The impact is both systemic and predictive. Strategies that do not acknowledge the complexity of climate change are ethically irresponsible and preclude effective solutions. ==== While it is true that queer is, as Alexander Doty pointed out, best AND experienced by women, people of color, and disabled and poor people.
 * Hall** **14 **– Professor of Philosophy and Faculty Affiliate of Women's Studies and Sustainable Development, Appalachian State University** **(Kim Q., "No Failure: Climate Change, Radical Hope, and Queer Crip Feminist Eco-Futures," Radical Philosophy Review, Vol. 17, No. 1, p. 203-225)

Catastrophic warming reps are good—it's the only way to motivate response—their empirics are attributable to climate denialism
The two greatest myths about global warming communications are 1) constant repetition of doomsday AND by most of the rest of the media, intelligentsia and popular culture.
 * Romm '12 **(Joe Romm is a Fellow at American Progress and is the editor of Climate Progress, which New York Times columnist Tom Friedman called "the indispensable blog" and Time magazine named one of the 25 "Best Blogs of 2010.″ In 2009, Rolling Stone put Romm #88 on its list of 100 "people who are reinventing America." Time named him a "Hero of the Environment″ and "The Web's most influential climate-change blogger." Romm was acting assistant secretary of energy for energy efficiency and renewable energy in 1997, where he oversaw $1 billion in R&D, demonstration, and deployment of low-carbon technology. He is a Senior Fellow at American Progress and holds a Ph.D. in physics from MIT., 2/26/2012, "Apocalypse Not: The Oscars, The Media And The Myth of 'Constant Repetition of Doomsday Messages' on Climate", http://thinkprogress.org/romm/2012/02/26/432546/apocalypse-not-oscars-media-myth-of-repetition-of-doomsday-messages-on-climate/#more-432546)

Our reps are good–extinction-level ecological representations spark a new social ethic
Final ends for all species are the same, but the journeys will be different AND now all too often dismiss as "human nature" (Tudge 1989).
 * Epstein and Zhao '9 **(Richard J. and Y., Laboratory of Computational Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, The Threat That Dare Not Speak Its Name; Human Extinction, Perspectives in Biology and Medicine Volume 52, Number 1, Winter 2009, Muse)

For any questions, please contact me at, salehitezanginasim@gmail.com