Michael+&+Byron

====Plan: The United States Supreme Court should substantially increase its development of the Earth’s oceans by requiring that the Nuclear Waste Policy Act be modified to identify sub-seabed nuclear waste disposal as the sole candidate for disposal on the grounds that the Notice of Disapproval and Congressional Override provisions commandeer Nevada’s legislative functions in violation of the 10th amendment. ====

1 The plan is comparatively better than alternatives – it's the key starting point to revitalize nuclear leadership
Wilson 14 – founder of BuildingGreen and the RDI Institute (Alex Wilson, 1/14/14, "Safe storage of nuclear waste," http://www.reformer.com/columnists/ci_24904718/safe-storage-nuclear-waste)//twonily In my seemingly endless desire to dive headfirst into controversy, let me return to AND and far less expensive than other approaches being focused on most actively today.

2 Sub seabed is the most sustainable and technologically feasible solution—other countries will model US's nuclear policies—empirics prove
Dillon, 10— B.A. in history from Georgetown University and a Ph.D from Cornell, historian who writes on science, medicine, and history (Kenneth J., Scientia Press, www.scientiapress.com/nuclearwaste)//twonily So a shared international solution to the problems of the long-term storage of AND would be buried in a single sub-seabed storage area seems promising.

3 The plan solves—multiple layers of protection from leakages—oceans are comparatively better than land due to dilution
Eschenbach, 5/6/11—B.A. from Sonoma State University (Willis, "A Modest Proposal for Nuclear Waste Disposal", Watss up With That, wattsupwiththat.com/2011/05/06/a-modest-proposal-for-nuclear-waste-disposal/)//twonily For many people the sticking point for nuclear power is, what do we do AND much less dangerous at the bottom of the ocean than at the top.

4 a) Public confidence – Fukushima devastated it – that's key to sustainable nuclear power
Moniz 11 – Energy Secretary of the US, American nuclear physicist (Ernest Moniz, Nov/Dec 2011, Council on Foreign Relations Foreign Affairs Magazine, "Why We Still Need Nuclear Power," http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/136544/ernest-moniz/why-we-still-need-nuclear-power)//twonily If nuclear energy is to enjoy a sustained renaissance, the challenge of managing nuclear AND an alternative to Yucca Mountain for storing nuclear waste in the long run.

5 b) International credibility – their evidence doesn't assume newest industry shifts
Moniz 11 – Energy Secretary of the US, American nuclear physicist (Ernest Moniz, Nov/Dec 2011, Council on Foreign Relations Foreign Affairs Magazine, "Why We Still Need Nuclear Power," http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/136544/ernest-moniz/why-we-still-need-nuclear-power)//twonily The United States' dysfunctional nuclear waste management system has an unfortunate international side effect: AND comes to setting up a proliferation-resistant international fuel-cycle program.

6 c) State bans – a credible waste disposal strategy is key to overcome moratoria on continued development
Belter et al 13 – researchers for Navigant Consulting, based on work supported by the DOE and the National Energy Technology Laboratory (Gary Belter, James Carter, Donald Harker, Emily D. Koepsell, Colette Lamontagne, Erik Larson, Tim McClive, Laurie Oppel, Gordon Pickering, Don Price, Mike Rutkowski, David Walls, June 2013, "Assessment of the Nuclear Power Industry – Final Report," http://www.naruc.org/Grants/Documents/Assessment-of-the-Nuclear-Power-Industry-Final%20Report.pdf)// twonily Ten states have enacted legislation that ties future nuclear development to permanent disposal of spent AND policies which allow the utility to mitigate the risks associated with the asset.

7 Formulating a credible nuclear waste solution revitalizes domestic nuclear industry leadership – this solves every impact and is modeled globally
CSIS 13 – Center for Strategic and International Studies (June 2013, "Restoring U.S. Leadership in Nuclear Energy," http://csis.org/files/publication/130614_RestoringUSLeadershipNuclearEnergy_WEB.pdf)//twonily Waste management has stood for decades as a barrier to the growth of nuclear energy AND could lead to even more rapid shutdowns of presently operating nuclear power plants.

8 a) NPT legitimacy
BRC 12 – Blue Ribbon Commission (BRC, January 26, 2012, "Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future; Report to the Secretary of Energy," http://cybercemetery.unt.edu/archive/brc/20120620220235/http://brc.gov/sites/default/files/documents/brc_finalreport_jan2012.pdf)//twonily The NPT provides the foundation of the international nuclear non-proliferation regime. Opened AND , but because of compounding issues related to the development of these technologies.

9) The perception of nuclear leadership solves
Bengelsdorf 7, Consultant and former director of both key State and Energy Department offices that are concerned with international nuclear and nonproliferation affairs, 07 (Harold, "The U.S. Domestic Civil Nuclear Infrastructure and U.S. Nonproliferation Policy" The U.S. Domestic Civil Nuclear Infrastructure AND U.S. Nonproliferation Policy, May 2007, 6/2/12)//twonily The health of the U.S. civil nuclear infrastructure can have an important AND initiatives designed to discourage the spread of sensitive nuclear facilities to other countries.

10 Prolif causes extinction
Kroenig 12 (Matthew, Assistant Professor of Government – Georgetown University and Stanton Nuclear Security Fellow – Council on Foreign Relations, "The History of Proliferation Optimism: Does It Have A Future?", Prepared for the Nonproliferation Policy Education Center, 5-26, http://www.npolicy.org/article.php?aid=1182&tid=30) Proliferation Optimism: Proliferation optimism was revived in the academy in Kenneth Waltz's 1979 book AND that a future Middle East crisis could result in a devastating nuclear exchange.

11 Independently, it undermines US nuclear deterrence – that kills heg
Lind 7 (Michael, Senior Fellow – New America Foundation, The National Interest, "Beyond American Hegemony", May/June, Lexis) American military hegemony in Europe, Asia and the Middle East depends on the ability AND state from allowing American bases and military build-ups on its soil.

12 Hegemony is the norm – err towards avoiding shocks to the geopolitical system
Brooks 13 – et al, All IR professors and PhDs (Stephen G., G. John, William C., "Don't Come Home, America: The Case against Retrenchment" International Security Volume 37, Number 3) In this article, we assess the case for retrenchment on its own terms. AND two sides to the scholarly debate on U.S. grand strategy.

13 Prolif collapses the global economy
Smith 6 (Brice, Senior Scientist – Institute for Energy and Environmental Research and Ph.D. in Physics – MIT, Insurmountable Risks: The Dangers of Using Nuclear Power to Combat Global Climate Change, p. 101-102) While concern over catastrophic accidents and long-term waste management are perhaps better known AND weapon in a major city would be "at least one trillion dollars."

14 Economic collapse causes escalatory conflict – it's an impact filter
Royal 10 [Jedediah, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal, and Political Perspectives, pg 213-215] Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict AND such, the view presented here should be considered ancillary to those views.

15 Leadership solves climate change – no other sector is sufficient
Kadak 6/19 – Director and Principal @ Exponent Inc. (Andy Kadak, 6/19/14, "Nuclear Power's Role in Responding to Climate Change," http://www.ourenergypolicy.org/nuclear-powers-role-in-responding-to-climate-change/#comment-2338)//twonily Without significant gains in storage technology, electric generation from solar and wind will not AND clean energy sources, can meet the world's needs in a sustainable manner.

16 Extinction
Mazo 10 (Jeffrey, Ph.D. in Paleoclimatology – UCLA, Managing Editor – Survival, and Research Fellow for Environmental Security and Science Policy –International Institute for Strategic Studies, "Climate Conflict: How global warming threatens security and what to do about it", pg. 122, March) The best estimates for global warming to the end of the century range from 2 AND adaptation to these extremes would mean profound social, cultural and political changes.

1 Current regulatory regimes fail to regulate disposal effectively – their focus is too reductionist and doesn't address broader nuclear waste problems
Kaplan 91 – B.A. Carleton College, J.D. Candidate 1991, UPenn (Robert A. Kaplan, January, 1991, "Into the Abyss: International Regulation of Subseabed Nuclear Waste Disposal," 139 U. Pa. L. Rev. 769)//twonily Thus, after polarized negotiations, divisive voting, and much scholarship n70 on the AND focus, will not be the appropriate body to oversee implementation of SSD.

2 a) ISA legitimacy – this creates a sufficient regulatory framework – sub-seabed disposal is key
Kaplan 91 – B.A. Carleton College, J.D. Candidate 1991, UPenn (Robert A. Kaplan, January, 1991, "Into the Abyss: International Regulation of Subseabed Nuclear Waste Disposal," 139 U. Pa. L. Rev. 769)//twonily 1. The International Seabed Authority and "Appropriation" Issues UNCLOS III's most unique AND be unnecessarily cast into a developed/less developed "appropriation" issue.

3 b) Seabed Working Group funding – it's key to long term international regulation of the seabed – extinction
Kaplan 91 – B.A. Carleton College, J.D. Candidate 1991, UPenn (Robert A. Kaplan, January, 1991, "Into the Abyss: International Regulation of Subseabed Nuclear Waste Disposal," 139 U. Pa. L. Rev. 769)//twonily I. SUBSEABED DISPOSAL OF HIGH-LEVEL NUCLEAR WASTE A. History In contrast AND with funding, and the U.S. effort has stagnated. n27

4 c) Only the plan sends an international signal – this solidifies regulatory control and complies with status quo statutes
McAllister 13, 2/28/13—works at the department of Navy, Assistant Program Manager at PEO LMW, LCS Mission Modules Program Office (Keith R., "Sub-Seabed Repository for Nuclear Waste - a Strategic Alternative – 13102", Department of the Navy, email chenemily817@gmail.com, http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:45045842)//twonily In 1996, an update to the Convention, known as the London Protocol, AND be amended to reclassify managed sub-seabed disposal as a recognized exception.

5 Dumping is inevitable – causes environmental damage
Herron 13 – staff writer @ examiner magazine (David Herron, 12/18/13, "Radioactive water release from Fukushima may be inevitable," http://www.examiner.com/article/radioactive-water-release-from-fukushima-may-be-inevitable)//twonily Officials in Japan are beginning to suggest the unthinkable at the damaged Fukushima nuclear power AND Each release of radiation from Fukushima increases the risk to that food supply.

6 This comparatively outweighs their DAs and solves extinction – only the plan results in a coherent regulatory framework
Kaplan 91 – B.A. Carleton College, J.D. Candidate 1991, UPenn (Robert A. Kaplan, January, 1991, "Into the Abyss: International Regulation of Subseabed Nuclear Waste Disposal," 139 U. Pa. L. Rev. 769)//twonily Thus, barring discovery of any breakthrough transmutation process n15 in the next decade, AND regime could serve as a precedent for solving several other international environmental crises.

7 Marine resource regulations conflicts spill over and undermine the entire basis of international dispute adjudication
Kaplan 91 – B.A. Carleton College, J.D. Candidate 1991, UPenn (Robert A. Kaplan, January, 1991, "Into the Abyss: International Regulation of Subseabed Nuclear Waste Disposal," 139 U. Pa. L. Rev. 769)//twonily The international response to seabed emplacement to date has been inadequate. While certian governing AND A new regime with a clear mandate and appropriate operative philosophy is imperative.

8 Extinction
Damrosch and Mullerson 95 (Professor of Law – Columbia University, and Professor of International Law – King's College, "Beyond Confrontation, International Law for the Post Cold War Era", pg. 2-3) I. Pressures on International Law: Demands Placed on It and Obstacles to Its AND with the U.N. Charter and other norms of international law.

9 Independently, ISA regulations solve environmental damage from crust mining
Schlacher et al 13, (Thomas A. Schlacher, Faculty of Science, Health and Education, University of Sunshine Coast, Amy R. Baco, Department of Oceanography at Florida State University, Ashley A. Rowden, National Institute for Water and Atmospheric Research, Timothy D. O'Hara, Museum Victoria, Malcolm R. Clark, National Institute for Water and Atmospheric Research, Chris Kelley, Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory, and John F. Dower, Department of Biology, University of Victoria, 2013, "Seamount benthos in a cobalt-rich crust region of the central Pacific: conservation challenges for future seabed mining," http://www.isa.org.jm/files/documents/EN/Press/Schlache-etal2013.pdf)//twonily The International Seabed Authority (ISA) is progressing plans to provide guidance to future AND ecosystems, in particular those associated with seamounts and cold-water corals.

10 Mining is inevitable – but ISA legitimacy is key to solve the environmental impacts – collapses biodiversity, causes resource wars and decimates food security – extinction
Goldenberg 14, (Suzanne Goldenberg, US environment correspondent for the Guardian, 3/2/14, "Marine mining: Underwater gold rush sparks fears of ocean catastrophe," http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/mar/02/underwater-gold-rush-marine-mining-fears-ocean-threat)//twonily This is the last frontier: the ocean floor, 4,000 metres beneath AND of such a failure are already becoming painfully evident in the greater ocean.

11 Resource wars escalate and cause extinction
Woolridge 9 (Frosty, Former Officer – US Army Medical Service Corps, "America Galloping Toward Its Greatest Crisis in the 21^^st^^ Century", The Examiner, 5-22, http://www.examiner.com/examiner/x-3515-Denver-Political-Issues-Examinery2009m5d22-America-galloping-toward-its-greatest-crisis-in-the-21st-century)//twonily "It is clear that most politicians and most citizens do not recognize that returning AND worst (and not unlikely) case, a nuclear war ending civilization.

12 High food prices cause extinction
Klare 12 (Michael T., Professor of Peace and World Security Studies – Hampshire College, "Michael T. Klare: The Hunger Wars in Our Future", 8-8, http://www.guernicamag.com/daily/michael-t-klare-the-hunger-wars-in-our-future/) This, however, is just the beginning of the likely consequences: if history AND continues to fuel the insurgency of the Maoist-inspired Naxalites of India.

13 No risk of their turns – the aff bypasses international regulations by using land-based access which is distinct
Bala 14, 4/11/14—editor in chief at the Environmental Affairs Law Review, law student at Boston College Law School, (Amal, "Sub-Seabed Burial of Nuclear Waste: If the Disposal Method Could Succeed Technically, Could It Also Succeed Legally?", Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review, 41 B.C. Envtl. Aff. L. Rev. 455, lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2147&context=ealr)//twonily On an international level, nations across the world remain justified in their eagerness to AND not a form of oceanic dumping, similar results could be possible. 233