Robert+&+Nikhil

toc =AFF (NIB)=

1AC Economy
We will isolate 3 internal links --- First is declining infrastructure --- it is undermining the foundation of the U.S. economy Donohue, 11 --- president and chief executive officer of the US Chamber of Commerce (9/8/2011, Thomas J., Christian Science Monitor, “The highway to jobs - via better infrastructure,” Factiva, JMP) As Obama and Congress talk jobs, here's an appeal from the US Chamber of AND first place. If anyone is up to the challenge, we are.

This negatively influences the entire economy --- prevents a resilient supply chain Little, 11 --- Director, Keston Institute for Public Finance and Infrastructure Policy (4/5/2011, Richard, “Infrastructure Investment and U.S. Competitiveness,” http://www.cfr.org/united-states/infrastructure-investment-us-competitiveness/p24585, JMP) The massive network of seaports, waterways, railroads, and highways we built in AND their upkeep or own both the responsibility for economic decline and its consequences.

Second is stimulus --- Confidence is collapsing now and destroying investment --- a national infrastructure bank is the best short term stimulus that doesn’t drive up the deficit Skidelsky & Martin, 11 --- *Emeritus Professor of Political Economy at the University of Warwick, AND macroeconomist and bond investor (3/30/2011, Robert Skidelsky and Felix Martin, New York Review of Books, “For a National Investment Bank,” http://www.skidelskyr.com/site/article/for-a-national-investment-bank/, JMP) But could a National Investment Bank also help with the urgent problem of the weak recovery and the exhaustion of the current policy options? We believe that it could. Keynes was skeptical that economies can stage spontaneous recoveries from major slumps because he recognized AND likely be attractive assets for pension funds and other long-term investors.

The economy won’t recover quickly or sufficiently enough on its own --- A national bank will stimulate the economy and boost jobs Skidelsky & Martin, 11 --- *Emeritus Professor of Political Economy at the University of Warwick, AND macroeconomist and bond investor (3/30/2011, Robert Skidelsky and Felix Martin, New York Review of Books, “For a National Investment Bank,” http://www.skidelskyr.com/site/article/for-a-national-investment-bank/, JMP) President Obama is in a bind. He knows that the economic recovery is fragile AND into account the benefits that such projects would bring to the broader economy.

Studies prove the plan is a uniquely beneficial form of stimulus Tyson, 11 --- Chan Chair in Global Management at UC Berkeley's Haas School of Business (Laura D., “A Better Stimulus Plan for the U.S. Economy,” http://hbr.org/web/extras/hbr-agenda-2011/laura-d-tyson, JMP) Although stimulus spending is a politically contentious issue, America is now in urgent need AND work in meaningful jobs. The time has come to make it happen.

Third is unemployment --- This is triggering a major economic crisis --- outweighs the deficit and is best solved by the plan Tyson, 11 --- professor at the Haas School of Business at Cal Berkeley and former chair of the Council of Economic Advisers and the head of the National Economic Council under President Clinton (8/18/2011, Laura D’Andrea Tyson, “What it will take for President Obama and big business to bring back American jobs,” http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/on-leadership/for-president-obama-and-american-business-fixing-the-us-jobs-deficit/2011/08/18/gIQAhW8ZNJ_story.html, JMP) The immediate crisis confronting the U.S. economy is the jobs deficit AND nor are they good for the millions of Americans who need a job.

Economic collapse causes nuclear war Harris & Burrows 2009 Mathew, PhD European History @ Cambridge, counselor of the U.S. National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer, member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis” http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf

Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and indeed believes the future is AND within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world.

Prefer our evidence Royal 10 – Director of CTR Jedediah, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction – U.S. Department of Defense, “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises”, Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, Ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215 Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline AND between integration, crises and armed conflict has not featured prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention.

Slow growth makes the US uncooperative and desperate – leads to hegemonic wars Goldstein 7 - Professor of Global Politics and International Relations @ University of Pennsylvania, Avery Goldstein, “Power transitions, institutions, and China's rise in East Asia: Theoretical expectations and evidence,” Journal of Strategic Studies, Volume30, Issue 4 & 5 August 2007, pages 639 – 682 Two closely related, though distinct, theoretical arguments focus explicitly on the consequences for AND the period prior to the possible crossover.19 pg. 647-650

Great power wars Khalilzad, ’11 – Bush’s ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the UN and former director policy planning at the DOD (Zalmay, “The Economy and National Security”, National Review, 2-8-11, http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/259024/economy-and-national-security-zalmay-khalilzad) Today, economic and fiscal trends pose the AND leading the world toward a new, dangerous era of multi-polarity.

Extinction Barnett, 11 [Thomas P.M. Former Senior Strategic Researcher and Professor in the Warfare Analysis & Research Department, Center for Naval Warfare Studies, U.S. Naval War College American military geostrategist and Chief Analyst at Wikistrat., worked as the Assistant for Strategic Futures in the Office of Force Transformation in the Department of Defense, “The New Rules: Leadership Fatigue Puts U.S., and Globalization, at Crossroads,” March 7 http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/8099/the-new-rules-leadership-fatigue-puts-u-s-and-globalization-at-crossroads] Events in Libya are a further reminder for Americans that we stand at a crossroads AND . And if you know your history, that should make you nervous.

Plan is key to promoting an American economic model – the alt is mercantilism which destroys cooperations and creates protectionism Posen 9 – Deputy director and senior fellow of the Peterson Institute for International Economics (Adam, “Economic leadership beyond the crisis,” http://clients.squareeye.com/uploads/foresight/documents/PN%20USA_FINAL_LR_1.pdf)

In the postwar period, US power and prestige, beyond the nation's military might AND rise to the challenge, it should concentrate on the following priority measures.

Protectionism causes terrorism and global wars Panzner 8 – faculty at the New York Institute of Finance, 25-year veteran of the global stock, bond, and currency markets who has worked in New York and London for HSBC, Soros Funds, ABN Amro, Dresdner Bank, and JPMorgan Chase (Michael, “Financial Armageddon: Protect Your Future from Economic Collapse,” p. 136-138)

Continuing calls for curbs on the flow of finance and trade will inspire the United AND between Muslims and Western societies as the beginnings of a new world war.

Growth eliminates the only rational incentives for war Gartzke 11 – associate Professor of political science at the University of California, San Diego PhD from Iowa and B.A. from UCSF Erik, "SECURITY IN AN INSECURE WORLD" www.cato-unbound.org/2011/02/09/erik-gartzke/security-in-an-insecure-world/

Almost as informative as the decline in warfare has been where this decline is occurring AND the consolidating forces of prosperity prevail, that war becomes a durable anachronism.

1AC Plan
Thus the plan: The United States federal government should substantially increase its merit-based transportation infrastructure investment through loans and loan guarantees via the creation of a national transportation infrastructure bank.

1AC Solvency
Contention 3 is Solvency

The plan will revive confidence in demand and spur a self-sustaining private sector recovery Skidelsky & Martin, 11 --- *Emeritus Professor of Political Economy at the University of Warwick, AND macroeconomist and bond investor (3/30/2011, Robert Skidelsky and Felix Martin, New York Review of Books, “For a National Investment Bank,” http://www.skidelskyr.com/site/article/for-a-national-investment-bank/, JMP) Such are the principles of our proposal, but what about AND and so provide the basis for a self-sustaining private sector recovery.

Transportation infrastructure investment is key --- boosts jobs and attracts businesses. A federal bank spurs critical public-private partnerships. Tyson, 11 --- professor at the Haas School of Business at UC Berkeley (6/3/2011, Laura D’Andrea Tyson, NYT Blogs, “The Virtues of Investing in Transportation; Economix,” Factiva, JMP) Years of underinvesting in the nation's transportation infrastructure are apparent in congested roads, freight AND private partnerships is one way to realize larger returns on scarce investment dollars.

And the bank immediately boosts employment and growth Zakaria, 11 (6/13/2011, Fareed, “Zakaria: U.S. needs an infrastructure bank,” http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2011/06/13/zakaria-u-s-needs-an-infrastructure-bank/, JMP) President Obama has proposed a number of specific policies AND ask that Republicans and Democrats find a way to come together on this? That moment of bipartisanship might actually be the biggest payoff of all.

A national bank devoted to transportation will revitalize U.S. infrastructure --- low costs and politically accepted Lovaa, 11 --- Federal Transportation Policy Director for NRDC (6/28/2011, Deron, “An Infrastructure Bank for Transportation,” http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/dlovaas/an_infrastructure_bank_for_tra.html, JMP) Another creative funding idea that’s getting some attention lately is a national infrastructure bank, AND good use of our limited public funds to vastly improve the status quo.

Federal action is superior – better evaluation, finance, and reduced borrowing costs Thomasson, 11 --- Director of Public Policy, Progressive Policy Institute (10/12/2011, Scott, Congressional Documents and Publications, House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Highways and Transit Hearing - "National Infrastructure Bank: More Bureaucracy and More Red Tape," Factiva) // NK Myth #6: We don't need a national infrastructure bank, because we can AND somehow limit the decision-making power of state banks is entirely misplaced.

National bank is key to send a strong signal to private sector investors --- facilitates P3’s Puentes, 12 --- Senior Fellow, Metropolitan Policy Program at Brookings (7/16/2012, Robert, “What Would an Infrastructure Bank Really Do?” http://www.tnr.com/blog/the-avenue/105017/what-would-infrastructure-bank-really-do, JMP) Third is that the establishment of an AND hindrance to the development of the public-private partnership market.

Federal action key to ensure cooperation and resources for large-scale projects McConaghy & Kessler, 11 --- * Director of the Third Way Economic Program, AND Vice President for Policy at Third Way (January 2011, Ryan McConaghy and Jim Kessler, “A National Infrastructure Bank,” http://www.bernardlschwartz.com/political-initiatives/Third_Way_Idea_Brief_-_A_National_Infrastructure_Bank-1.pdf, JMP) America’s economic future will hinge on how fast and well we move people, goods AND once-in-a-lifetime window to make enduring infrastructure investments.

=Neg=

Rd. 2 Neg vs. HAMF MM
1NC - T-Investment/Vehicles, Privatization CP w/ 4 Internal NB, Virilio, Stim Turns 2NR - Privatization CP, Stim Turns