GR+1AC+SSA

Status quo Chinese exclusion from US space programs ensures the formation of adversarial blocs that challenge American space use
Aliberti 15 [Marco, Resident Fellow at the European Space Policy Institute (ESPI), SIOI/ASI/CNR-ISGI Master on Space Policy and Institutions, Rome, master’s degree in International Relations of Asia and Africa, Faculty of Political Sciences, University of Naples, When China Goes To The Moon…, Studies in Space Policy, Volume 11, edited by the European Space Policy Institute, Springer International Publishing: Switzerland, 2015, p. 234-235] Another potential positive payback stemming from cooperating with China would be greater US insight into AND blocs. 208 It is in Washington’s interest not to make this happen!

That escalates to war —- miscommunication and security dilemmas
In both cases, Chinese security experts believe that the U.S. seeks AND not be able to use outer space for military or other purposes."20
 * Zhang 11** [Baohui Zhang is Associate Professor of Political Science and Director of the Center for Asia Pacific Studies at Lingnan University, Hong Kong. He wishes to thank an anonymous reviewer for the helpful comments that contributed to the revision of this article, "The Security Dilemma in the U.S.-China Military Space Relationship" accessed by means of JSTOR]

Goes nuclear – ASATs destroy the rules of modern warfighting
In recent decades, however, as space-based reconnaissance, communication, and AND scenarios that are used to justify the development and use of antisatellite weapons.
 * Gallagher 15 [Nancy**, interim director of the Center for International and Security Studies in Maryland, previous Executive Director of the Clinton Administration’s CTBT Treaty Committee, an arms control specialist at the State Dept., and a faculty member at Wesleyan, "Antisatellite warfare without nuclear risk: A mirage," May 29, Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, http://thebulletin.org/space-weapons-and-risk-nuclear-exchanges8346]

Space war the most likely theater for nuclear conflict
Lamrani 16 [Omar, geopolitical and security analyst for Stratfor, National Interest, "What the U.S. Military Fears Most: A Massive Space War," May 18, 2016, http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/what-the-us-military-fears-most-massive-space-war-16248] The High Cost of a War in Space: Increased competition in space is AND salvo in a nuclear attack, driving the threat of a wider conflagration.

Broader space cooperation and high-level dialogues are needed to resolve the mistrust and miscommunication at the heart of space security dilemmas
In the context of the changing strategic landscape between China and the U.S AND consistently. The effort would be very useful in alleviating the security dilemma."
 * Zhang 11** [Baohui Zhang is Associate Professor of Political Science and Director of the Center for Asia Pacific Studies at Lingnan University, Hong Kong. He wishes to thank an anonymous reviewer for the helpful comments that contributed to the revision of this article, "The Security Dilemma in the U.S.-China Military Space Relationship" accessed by means of JSTOR]

ISS cooperation is key —- deters further ASAT testing and solves global stability
Ressler 9 [Aaron R. Ressler, Major, United States Air Force, A Research Report Submitted to the Faculty, Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama, "Advancing Sino-U.S. Space Cooperation", April 2009] On January 11, 2007, China successfully executed a direct-ascent anti- AND 90 Maintaining a healthy relationship between these two countries has positive global impacts.

Diplomatic engagement is crucial —- rebuilding trust in the space domain can solve the ASAT usage
Walsh 7 [Frank M. Walsh, J.D., Georgetown University Law Center, 2007, Southern Methodist University Dedman School of Law, "Forging a diplomatic shield for American satellites: The case for reevaluating the 2006 National Space Policy in light of a Chinese anti-satellite system," Journal of Air Law and Commerce, Fall, 2007, 72 J. Air AND diplomatic shield to complement the military armor upon which the nation currently relies.

US-China space cooperation is key to Mars exploration—international support needed
NASA Administrator Charles Bolden says a manned mission to Mars will happen in the 2030s AND toward a common goal, the better off we’ll be," Bolden said.
 * IBT 15,** (International Business Times, Future Space Policy Is Built On International Cooperation: NASA Administrator Charles Bolden, http://www.ibtimes.com/future-space-policy-built-international-cooperation-nasa-administrator-charles-bolden-2186627, 11/16/15)

The ISS is key —- only base for effective research that sustains space exploration and colonization
One of the most broadly recognized objectives of the ISS is articulated on the NASA AND allows the United States to be better prepared for its future exploration endeavors.
 * Hauser and John 9** [Marty, VP, Washington Operations, Research and Analysis, and Mariel, research analyst at the Space Foundation, Space Foundation, 2009, "The International Space Station: Decision 2015," http://www.spacefoundation.org/docs/ISS'Decision'2015.pdf]

Mars colonization key to solve extinction—- Earth is falling apart—Mars is the only place where humans can populate again
Establishing a permanent colony of humans on Mars is not an option. It's a AND and the Moon has no atmosphere to protect residents from destructive meteor impacts.
 * Orwig 15,(**Jessica Orwig has a Master of Science in science and technology journalism from Texas A&M University and a Bachelor of Science in astronomy and physics,5 Undeniable Reasons why Humans Should Go To Mars, http://www.businessinsider.com/5-undeniable-reasons-why-humans-should-go-to-mars-2015-4, 04/21/2015)

Try-or-die for space exploration
Ben **Austen 11**, citing the Lifeboat Foundation and the Alliance to Rescue Civilization, contributing editor of Harper’s Magazine, "After Earth: Why, Where, How, and When We Might Leave Our Home Planet," popular science, http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2011-02/after-earth-why-where-how-and-when-we-might-leave-our-home-planet?page=3 Earth won’t always be fit for occupation. We know that in two billion years AND will be more human beings who live off the Earth than on it.

Inviting China to the ISS solves broader space cooperation —- continued Chinese exclusion destroys international space partnerships
Bradley 13 [Mack A. Bradley, "The Space to Lead," a thesis presented to the Washington University of St. Louis, Missouri, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, August 2013] After 40 years of intense, if peaceful, conflict, the US and Russia AND the US entering a future partnership which could well be of Chinese design.

Expanded space cooperation enables more effective data sharing —- that produces better models capable of anticipating solar flares and geomagnetic storms
The increasing U.S. propensity, especially in conjunction with political campaigning, AND that unlikely link to be made allows critical space issues to go unaddressed.
 * Johnson-Freese 15** [Joan Johnson-Freese is a Professor of National Security Affairs at the U.S. Naval War College, "Found in Space: Cooperation," October 9, 2015, http://www.chinausfocus.com/foreign-policy/u-s-china-space-cooperation-a-welcome-dialogue-begins]

Solar flares are inevitable —- better forecasting is crucial to effectively adapt power grids to geomagnetic storms
Space weather scientists at the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration and NASA have warned for years AND nice if we didn’t devolve into a society of cannibalistic road warriors overnight.
 * Stone 15** [Maddie, Gizmodo, "The US is Finally Heeding Warnings About a Monster Solar Storm," October 30, 2015, http://gizmodo.com/the-us-is-finally-heeding-warnings-about-a-monster-sola-1739620903]

The impact is extinction
What happens when there's no electricity? Imagine a world without electricity. Even for AND planet? It's a very, very small fraction of the total population.
 * IBT 11 [**International Business Times, Solar Flare Could Unleash Nuclear Holocaust Across Planet Earth, Forcing Hundreds of Nuclear Power Plants Into Total Meltdowns, http://au.ibtimes.com/articles/213249/20110914/solar-flare-could-unleash-nuclear-holocaust-across-planet-earth-forcing-hundreds-of-nuclear-power-pl.htm]

Plan
====Plan: The United States federal government should offer to support the Chinese National Space Administration’s inclusion as a partner on the International Space Station and an extension of ISS operations beyond 2024 and expand US-China space cooperation in exchange for the People’s Republic of China’s coordination of the Chinese Space Station with the ISS and the expansion of data exchange pertaining to space technology operational information. ====

Solvency
====The plan solves – engaging China in space through the International Space Station spills over to enhance broader space cooperation and reverses the dangerous perception of a space arms race and reverses anti-china sentiment==== David 15 [Leonard David, Space.com's Space Insider Columnist, "US-China Cooperation in Space: Is It Possible, and What's in Store?," June 16, 2015, http://www.space.com/29671-china-nasa-space-station-cooperation.html#sthash.xuOfRk7T.dpuf] There's a growing debate over whether China and the United States should cooperate in space AND in its refusal to engage in any meaningful way with China in space.

China says yes —- the plan’s drastic shift in policy opens the ISS to genuine Chinese participation —- builds bridges in the space science community that ensure long-term multilateral cooperation
Aliberti 15 [Marco, Resident Fellow at the European Space Policy Institute (ESPI), SIOI/ASI/CNR-ISGI Master on Space Policy and Institutions, Rome, master’s degree in International Relations of Asia and Africa, Faculty of Political Sciences, University of Naples, When China Goes To The Moon…, Studies in Space Policy, Volume 11, edited by the European Space Policy Institute, Springer International Publishing: Switzerland, 2015, p. 237-240] Up to now, the result of this political disagreement between engagement and containment proponents AND efforts to find alternative partners to the United States and the European posture.

====Deep partnership key —- grand bargain crucial to leveraging influence on opaque Chinese space programs —- China threat debates are irrelevant, the only way to know and influence internal Chinese policy is deep engagement ==== Shackelford 14 [Scott J. Shackelford, Assistant Professor of Business Law and Ethics, "Governing the Final Frontier: A Polycentric Approach to Managing Space Weaponization and Debris," American Business Law Journal, 51 Am. Bus. L.J. 429, Summer 2014, lexis] 3. The Potential for a Second Space Race and Chinese Space Policy Making in AND more affordable and attainable. Without such cooperation, history could repeat itself.

====Positive engagement provides a foundation for a stronger overall relationship and reverses anti-Chinese sentiment amongst government planners – that allows cooperation on space weather modeling, satellite observation, and exploration ==== Weeden 15 [Brian, Technical Advisor for Secure World Foundation and a former U.S. Air Force Officer with sixteen years of professional experience in space operations and policy, "An Opportunity to Use the Space Domain to Strengthen the U.S.-China Relationship," September 9, 2015, http://nbr.org/research/activity.aspx?id=602] The U.S.-China relationship in space has the potential to be a AND and other interested countries to help establish broader relationships outside the military realm.

Joint CSS and ISS cooperation fosters bilateral dialogue and reduces tensions
Lan 16 – analyst, thespacereview.com (Chen, "One track, two stations: A proposal for cooperation on the ISS and the Chinese Space Station", The Space Review, March 14, 2016, http://www.thespacereview.com/article/2944/1//dmeth) During the International Astronautical Congress (IAC) last October in Jerusalem, there has AND stations, the ISS and the CSS, and more in the future.