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A long-term investment tax credit __catapults__ the offshore wind industry – transitions the US to a green economy
Sopko 13 – JD, former legislative council @ House of Reps (Nancy, “Offshore Wind Needs a Boost from Congress,” http://oceana.org/en/blog/2013/11/offshore-wind-needs-a-boost-from-congress-0)//BB Like so many of us, Oceana has seen the damage that the drilling for AND , the harder it will be to correct the damage we have done.

99.7% of studies prove ITC increases net price value of offshore wind projects
Wyman, 2013, graduate student at the University of Texas (Constance, “Why The ITC Matters for Offshore Wind”, NA Wind Power, Volume 10, Number 6, http://www.nawindpower.com/issues/NAW1307/FEAT_03_Why_The_ITC_Matters_For_Offshore_Wind.html) Over the last few years, there has been much discussion about the role of AND Simply put, the ITC is of greater value to the offshore wind industry

Only a federal __mandate__ can guarantee the expansion of wind energy
Schroeder, 10 --- J.D., University of California, Berkeley, School of Law (October 2010, Erica, California Law Review, “Turning Offshore Wind On,” Vol. 98, No, 5, Lexis, JMP) However, the Oceans Act and Ocean Management Plan, though promising, have come AND itself and the benefits of offshore wind in state and local decision making.

Reforming the permitting process is key – Massachusetts provides an opportune model for streamlined development
Kimmel *, and Stalenhoef**, 10-10- 2011 – *Commissioner of the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection **Counsel for the Massachusetts Department of Public Utilities [*Kenneth, *Dawn, “The Cape Wind Offshore Wind Energy Project: A Case Study of the Difficult Transition to Renewable Energy”, Golden Gate University Environmental Law Journal, Volume 5 Issue 1, http://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1073&context=gguelj] The Cape Wind saga reveals that the current permitting process for ¶ offshore wind energy AND //reform ¶ and provides models for the types of reform that are needed.//

Long-term incentives ensure that the supply chain follows on – fed support key
Galluci 11 - Staff Reporter at InsideClimate News Honduras Contributor at Fodor's, Co-Editor & Reporter at The News, Newsroom Intern at Associated Press, Newsroom Intern at Columbus Business (Maria, “Never-Used Tax Credit Could Jumpstart US Offshore Wind Energy—if Renewed,” http://truth-out.org/news/item/4778:neverused-tax-credit-could-jumpstart-us-offshore-wind-energy%E2%80%94if-renewed) Matt Kaplan, a North American wind analyst at IHS Emerging Energy Research , said //AND// way toward helping this industry develop in the United States," Grybowski said.

Dredging cuts now and demand is up – kills trade leadership
Buchanan 6/26/14, maritime reporter Susan Buchanan, “US Dredging Needs Growth as Army Corps’ Budget Shrinks,” June 26, 2014 http://www.marinelink.com/news/dredging-shrinks-growth371913.aspx U.S. dredging this decade, measured in cubic yards, is only AND this spring was placing removed sediment in the environmentally sensitive Southwest Pass area.

Offshore Wind Farms creates a race to dredge and modernize ports all along the coast
Barlow 11 - practices in the Maritime Law and Government Contracts Practice Group at Troutman Sanders, where his practice focuses on a variety of maritime related matters, including regulatory compliance, maritime contract, marine insurance, general average, salvage, cargo damage, and charter party disputes, vessel documentation and finance, marine pollution, vessel collisions, maritime personal injury and marine insurance defense and subrogation. Jason is also a member of Troutman Sanders’ Renewable Energy Practice Team, which advises clients engaged in a variety of renewable energy projects, including offshore wind energy development. Jason is a 2010 graduate of Tulane University Law School, where he concentrated his studies on admiralty and maritime law, earning a Juris Doctorate with Maritime Law Certificate, cum laude. While in law school, he served as Senior Notes and Comments Editor of the Tulane Maritime Law Journal. In addition, Jason worked as law clerk at Ostendorf, Tate, Barnett, and Wells, LLP, a New Orleans based law firm specializing in transportation, admiralty/maritime, and premises liability litigation. He also worked as law clerk at Forrester & Dick, a Baton Rouge boutique law firm specializing in, among other practice areas, railroad defense litigation. Prior to attending law school, Jason earned his Bachelor of Arts in Political Science and English, with honors, from Randolph-Macon College in 2007 (Jason, http://www.troutmansanders.com/files/FileControl/2e66ece0-0b9a-4dff-bdb7-57a768601573/7483b893-e478-44a4-8fed-f49aa917d8cf/Presentation/File/TS%20-%20North%20American%20Windpower%20Article.pdf) From the European example, it ¶ is clear that port size is critical during AND best infrastructure ¶ to support the physical requirements ¶ of offshore wind power.

Dredging ports is key to the economy and US trade competitiveness
Ashbury 13 ,recognized nationally and internationally for his support of U.S. exports and fair trade, Mr. Asbury was named the 2008 recipient of the coveted United States National Champion Exporter of the Year Award. His advocacy has taken him to address the United Nations at the Commission of Trade and Development, as well as frequent speaking engagements at universities, government events and trade associations. Mr. Asbury has received the president's E-Star Export Award and the Export Achievement Award from the U.S. Department of Commerce.

Neal Ashbury, “American Jobs and Prestige Depend on US Ports” 6/20/13http://www.moneynews.com/Insiders/NealAsbury/bio-119/ Our ports are the lifeblood of our economy. The value of imports cleared through AND doubling its capacity and allowing it to handle the world's most massive ships.

The US is the linchpin of globalized trade
Federal Reserve 13, United States Federal Reserve “International Trade and Competitiveness,” 3/15/13 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/docs/publications/ERP/2013/erp_2013_ch7.pdf The //U// nited //S// tates is more closely linked with other nations through trade, investment, AND the long-term prosperity of the United States and its trading partners.

Trade is a controlling impact – established interdependence that checks escalation, expert consensus
Hegre 9, Håvard Hegre Department of Political Science, University of Oslo Center for the Study of Civil War, International Peace Research Institute, Oslo “Trade Does Promote Peace: New Simultaneous Estimates of the Reciprocal Effects of Trade and Conflict,” August 25, 2009, http://www.yale.edu/leitner/resources/docs/HORJune09.pdf Liberals expect economically important trade to reduce conflict because interstate violence adversely affects commerce, AND likelihood of military conflict, ceteris paribus, if national leaders are rational.

1ac Warming
AND 1% based on abstract ratings) __endorses the scientific consensus on AGW__.
 * Warming is anthropogenic**
 * Green 13** – Professor of Chemistry @ Michigan Tech,
 * John Cook – Fellow @ Global Change Institute, produced climate communication resources adopted by organisations such as NOAA and the U.S. Navy
 * Dana Nuccitelli – MA in Physics @ UC-Davis
 * Mark Richardson

Even if some warming is inevitable, keeping it below 4 degrees avoids the worst impacts
Kim 12 – PhD in Anthropology @ Harvard, former president of Dartmouth, Now President of the World Bank (Jim Yong, “Turn Down the Heat,” p. ix) The 4°C scenarios are devastating : the inundation of coastal cities; increasing AND in mind. The World Bank Group will step up to the challenge.

Catastrophic warming risks extinction
(Jeffrey Mazo, Managing Editor, Survival and Research Fellow for Environmental Security and Science Policy at the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London, 3-2010, “Climate Conflict: How global warming threatens security and what to do about it,” pg. 122) The best estimates for global warming to the end of the century range from 2 AND __adaptation to these extremes would mean profound social, cultural and political changes__.
 * Mazo 10** – PhD in Paleoclimatology from UCLA

Independently, emissions cause ocean acidification – extinction
Romm12 – physicist and climate expert, Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Senior Fellow at the Center for American Progress (Joseph J., “Science: Ocean Acidifying so fast that it threatens humanity’s ability to feed itself”, 3/2/12; http://earthlawcenter.org/news/headline/science-ocean-acidifying-so-fast-it-threatens-humanitys-ability-to-feed-itself/) The world’s oceans may be turning acidic faster today from human carbon emissions than they AND species goes extinct it’s gone forever. We’re playing a very dangerous game .”

US offshore wind development curbs carbon emissions
Thaler 12 - Professor of Energy Policy, Law & Ethics (Jeff, “FIDDLING AS THE WORLD BURNS: HOW CLIMATE CHANGE URGENTLY REQUIRES A PARADIGM SHIFT IN THE PERMITTING OF RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS,” 42 Environmental Law Journal 1101)//BB Unfortunately, as the economic and health costs from fossil fuel emissions have grown so AND and Block Island in Rhode Island would likewise be shallow-water installations.

Offshore wind is comparatively the cleanest and most productive renewable energy
Jensen 13 – partner in the Washington, DC office of Holland & Hart LLP (Thomas, et al, “From the 35th Public Land Law Conference: Balancing Act and Paradigm Shift: The Role of Public Lands in America's Energy Future: Oceans: Are Ocean Wind Turbines like Homesteads and Gold Mines and Railroads? A Public Lands Policy Question for the Climate Change Era,” 34 Pub. Land & Resources L. Rev. 93)//BB The ocean wind resource in United States marine waters is estimated to be as large AND people, is unused and wasted as a tool to power our communities.

Full-scale offshore wind would be enough electricity for the entire country
Levitan 13 - writes about energy, the environment, and health. His articles have been published by Scientific American, Discover, IEEE Spectrum, Grist, and others. In previous articles for Yale Environment 360, he has written about vehicle-to-grid technology for electric cars and cities' efforts to recycle food scraps and organic waste (Dave, “Will Offshore Wind Finally Take Off on U.S. East Coast?,” http://e360.yale.edu/feature/will_offshore_wind_finally_take_off_on_us_east_coast/2693/)//BB “ The East Coast is the Saudi Arabia of offshore wind, because there is //AND// coasts in particular are windy spots with water depths that make development feasible.

Electricity-emissions reductions sufficiently solve global warming
Akorede 12 - .F., Ph.D degree in Electrical Power Engineering from Universiti Putra Malaysia (H. Hizam,M.Z.A. Ab Kadir,I. Aris,S.D. BubaElectrical & Electronic Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, “Mitigating the anthropogenic global warming in the electric power industry,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16.5)//BB 5. Power industry's share of CO2 emissionsTo identify the most productive mitigation strategies AND of these possible mitigation techniques is discussed in turn in the following subsections.

Fast growth promotes US leadership and solves great power war
Khalilzad 11 – PhD, Former Professor of Political Science @ Columbia, Former ambassador to Iraq and Afghanistan (Zalmay Khalilzad was the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush and the director of policy planning at the Defense Department from 1990 to 1992. "The Economy and National Security" Feb 8 http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/259024/economy-and-national-security-zalmay-khalilzad)//BB Today, economic and fiscal trends pose the most severe long-term threat to AND , hostile states would be emboldened to make aggressive moves in their regions.

Slow growth leads to hegemonic wars – relative gap is key
Two closely related, though distinct, theoretical arguments focus explicitly on the consequences for AND
 * Goldstein 07** - Professor of Global Politics and International Relations @ University of Pennsylvania [Avery Goldstein, “Power transitions, institutions, and China's rise in East Asia: Theoretical expectations and evidence,” Journal of Strategic Studies, Volume 30 , Issue 4 & 5 August 2007, pages 639 – 682]
 * __the period prior to the possible crossover__** .19 pg. 647-650

States will inevitably compete for relative status – only primacy can prevent conflict
Second, __I question the dominant view that status quo evaluations are relatively independent of__ __AND__ __in security and__ /or __prosperity__. Pg. 33-35//1ac
 * Wohlforth 09** – Professor of government @ Dartmouth College. [ [|William C. Wohlforth], “Unipolarity, Status Competition, and Great Power War,” __World____Politics__ , Volume 61, Number 1, January 2009]

Offshore wind promotes fast US growth
N’dolo 10 – associate principal @ Camoin Associates (Michael and Bruce Bailey, “Offshore development can yield economic benefits,” North American Wind Power, Fall 2010)//BB Economic opportunities Wind power is a job-creation //engine//. According to the AND could provide installation capacity for a number of projects on the East Coast.

Even limited energy production leads to quick growth
Sargent 12 (Rob Sargent, U.S. Poised to Join the Race on Offshore Wind: Lawmakers Must Commit to More Pollution-Free Energy”, http://www.environmentamerica.org/news/ame/us-poised-join-race-offshore-wind)//BB The Turning Point for Atlantic Offshore Wind Energy includes details on the key milestones each AND efforts to secure buyers for this new source of reliable, clean energy.