Evan-Abigail

1ac

The assemblage of airport security allows the State to divide the population into desirable and undesirable, channeling the body into information.
At the same time, the materiality of bodies is not completely obscured or made AND similar to those on the Terrorism Watch List (Currah and Mulqueen 2011).
 * Wilcox, Lecturer in Gender Studies, 15** [Lauren B. Wilcox, University Lecturer in Gender Studies and phD in Political Science,"Bodies of Violence: Theorizing Embodied Subjects in International Relations", 105-108, 2015]E.E.

This promotes a violent gender binary within surveilled biometrics as a fulcrum for erasing lived difference.
Aas, professor in Criminology, 06 [Katja Franko Aas, 'The body does not lie': Identity, risk and trust in technoculture, Crime Media Culture, 2006]E.E. At the same time, biometric identification does not present the familiar theme of postmodern AND as a fingerprint (see also Jones, 2000; Aas, 2005).

Our impact is accelerating exclusion premised upon the biometric informationalization of the body
Aas, professor in Criminology, 06 [Katja Franko Aas, 'The body does not lie': Identity, risk and trust in technoculture, Crime Media Culture, 2006]E.E. My point here is not to repeat the familiar themes of post-modern fragmentation AND place', whose minds cannot be trusted but whose bodies do not lie.

When the body becomes a 'password', it must be either true or false – such systems do not take into account personal negotiation
Aas, professor in Criminology, 06 [Katja Franko Aas, 'The body does not lie': Identity, risk and trust in technoculture, Crime Media Culture, 2006]E.E. A vital aspect of biometric information is that it can be understood by passport officials AND , stored, communicated and analysed by actors distant in time and space:

These body binary ignores the personal truth, distancing a person's reality from the information that their body tells.
Aas, professor in Criminology, 06 [Katja Franko Aas, 'The body does not lie': Identity, risk and trust in technoculture, Crime Media Culture, 2006]E.E. Instead of seeing individuals in terms of a certain unity of body and mind, AND -way observation. It is clearly knowledge marked by a power relation.

====The combination of a binary of the body alongside the binary of that which is 'correct' and 'incorrect' forms a system in which there is the abnormal body – the body whose personal truth conflicts with the truth that their body tells. This is the transgender, the queer, who is both a nothingness, being included in the binary of bodies; and a monstrosity, who goes outside of the binary truth that the body tells==== (This is not carded, but is rather an explanation of the points leading up until now, so that the next card can be better understood)

====The creation of the 'abnormal' body leads to overkilling, in which the queer body is killed for both its nonexistence in the eyes of normative structures as well as its monstrosity and nonconformity – the killing of not just the body, but the queerness itself. (I'm not sure if this needs a trigger warning, but if any card needed it, it would be this one).==== Stanley, fellow in departments of Communication and Critical Gender Studies, 2011, [Eric A. Stanley, President's Postdoctoral fellow in the departments of Communication and Critical Gender Studies at the University of California, San Diego. Along with Chris Vargas, Eric directed the films Homotopia (2006) and Criminal Queers(2013). A co\editor of the anthology Captive Genders: Trans Embodiment and the Prison Industrial Complex (AK Press, 2011) which won the Prevention for a Safe Society award and was recently named a finalist for a Lambda Literary Award, Eric's other writing can be found in the journals Social Text, American Quarterly, and Women and Performance as well as in numerous collections, "Near Life, Queer Death: Overkill and Ontological Capture",https://queerhistory.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/near-life-queer-death-eric-stanley.pdf, 2011]E.E. Overkill is a term used to indicate such excessive violence that it pushes a body AND violence on the side of pure hate, intolerance, or prejudice

This also results is the construction of a dominant security discourse that allows the state to wage wars in the name of isolating clear borders and binaries.\
Redden and Terry 11 – Stephanie, professor of political science at Carleton University, Jillian, Department of International Relations at London School of Economics and Political Science, "The End of the Line: Feminist Understandings of Resistance to Full Body Scanning Technology," International Feminist Journal of Politics Jun2013, Vol. 15 Issue 2, p234-253. 20p. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=88353443&site=ehost-live xx AD – 7/16/15; AV This literature is intimately connected to the theoretical work of feminist security scholars in International AND of power are rendered invisible by nature of the supposed neutrality of technologies'.

Another policy won't save us—rather we must reject dominant policy constructions that enshrine binary gender as the condition for securitized violence.
Beauchamp 09 —Toby Beauchamp, Ph.D. assistant professor of gender and women's studies at the University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, "Artful Concealment and Strategic Visibility: Transgender Bodies and U.S. State Surveillance After 9/11," 2009, Surveillance & Society 6(4): 356-366, http://www.surveillance-and-society.org, ISSN: 1477-7487, pg. 363-364, AR—AD: 7/17/15 NTAC is certainly not the only organization to advocate for the rights of legitimate transgender AND to particular bodies, but in fact requires the scapegoating of other bodies.

This discussion spills over – modeling direct action and the refusal of state authority is the best means of coping with violence and aggression
The kinds of activity outlined in this section are a general overview of anarchist work AND [Charlotte Wilson, _Three Essays on Anarchism_, p. 17]
 * S.E.C. 1998** (Spunk Editorial Collective, "Section J—What Do Anarchists Do?" Last Modified June 5 http://www.spunk.org/library/intro/faq/sp001761.txt)

= neg strategy =

encryption:

foucault
====**The aff’s attempt to restrain a small element of the surveillance state normalizes its existence as a whole and causes the corporate surveillance to fill in --- that results in a depoliticized populace that embraces the panoptic gaze of authoritarianism**====
 * Giroux 14 ** [Henry A., Global TV Network Chair Professor at McMaster University in the English and Cultural Studies Department and a Distinguished Visiting Professor at Ryerson University, “Totalitarian Paranoia in the Post-Orwellian Surveillance State,” Truthout, 10 February 2014, []

**That project of liberal subject building is a nihilistic violent enterprise that destroys value to life and causes endless warfare**

 * Evans and Reid 13** [Brad, Senior Lecturer in International Relations at the University of Bristole, and Julian, “Dangerously exposed: the life and death of the resilient subject,” //Resilience//, 2013, Vol. 1 (2), pp. 83-98]

**The alternative’s politics of dissent channels progressive politics towards massive collective struggle --- try or die for challenging corporate technocracy**

 * Giroux 14 **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> [Henry A., Global TV Network Chair Professor at McMaster University in the English and Cultural Studies Department and a Distinguished Visiting Professor at Ryerson University, “Totalitarian Paranoia in the Post-Orwellian Surveillance State,” Truthout, 10 February 2014, []]


 * pclob**

**Prior PCLOB review is key to solvency- it’s the only way to guarantee compliance**

 * Pell, Fellow at Stanford Law, and Soghoian, Visiting Fellow at Yale Law, 2013 **. (Stephanie K. Pell - Principal, SKP Strategies, LLC; Non-resident Fellow at Stanford Law School's Center for Internet and Society; former Counsel to the House Judiciary Committee; former Senior Counsel to the Deputy Attorney General, U.S. Department of Justice; former Counsel to the Assistant Attorney General, National Security Division, U.S. Department of Justice; and former Assistant U.S. Attorney, Southern District of Florida AND Christopher Soghoian - Principal Technologist, Speech, Privacy & Technology Project, American Civil Liberties Union; Visiting Fellow, Information Society Project, Yale Law School, “A lot more than a pen register, and less than a wiretap: What the StingRay teaches us about how congress should approach the reform of law enforcement surveillance authorities”, Yale Journal of Law and Technology 134, 2013, DH/FDD)

**Obama has sweeping executive power now**

 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Cruz 15 **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> – United States Senator from Texas, served as the Solicitor General of Texas from 2003-2008 (Ted Cruz, Winter 2015, “THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION'S UNPRECEDENTED LAWLESSNESS,” Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy, Lexis)//twontwon

**Congressional war authority is ineffective – executive war powers key to combating a litany of transnational threats – combating terror, rogue states, and prolif all require a flexible executive**

 * <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Yoo 7 **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> **(**John is a professor of law at the Boalt Hall School of Law at the University of California, Berkeley, and visiting scholar at the American Enterprise Institute. He has also served as general counsel for the Senate Judiciary Committee; as a law clerk to Justice Clarence Thomas and Judge Laurence H. Silberman; and, from 2001 to 2003, as a Deputy Assistant Attorney General in the Office of Legal Counsel of the U.S. Department of Justice. 4/18, “Exercising Wartime Powers,” http://hir.harvard.edu/archives/1369)//dtang


 * THAT ONE TIME WE HIT BODY SCANNERS**

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">the __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">agent and verb __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> indicate a debate about __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">hypothetical government action __==== <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Jon M <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 13pt;">Ericson 3 <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">, Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">“Should” requires defending federal action
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Judge Henry <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 13pt;">Nieto 9 <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">, Colorado Court of Appeals, 8-20-2009 People v. Munoz, 240 P.3d 311 (Colo. Ct. App. 2009)

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Being able to deliberate about policy problems means that bad things won’t happen again
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 13pt;">Glezos 11 <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> (Simon, Department of Political Science, University of Victoria, “The ticking bomb: Speed, liberalism and ressentiment against the future”, LB)

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Fairness doesn’t just matter in the abstract – it’s key to a balanced dialogue and developing research, critical thinking, and decisionmaking skills

 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Galloway, 7 **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">– Professor, Communication Studies, Samford University (Ryan, “Dinner and Conversation at the Argumentative Table: Reconceptualizing Debate as an Argumentative Dialogue,” Contemporary Argumentation and Debate, Vol. 28, 5-7, <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">[] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">)//SY

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Debate is a game that should be governed by a specific and fixed set of rules. Its value is in the act of participating, not in the skills we learn or the education we gain. Their nihilistic refusal to abide by the rules strips the game of its intrinsic value, rendering it meaningless. ====

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 13pt;">Caillois, 1961 <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">- French philosopher (Roger, 1961, “Man, Play and Games,” pg. 5-12, fg)

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Human nature is geared toward brutality, domination, and conflict-- playing games governed by strict rules changes our culture and helps us overcome our evil nature-- their abandonment of rules and order causes endless warfare ====

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 13pt;">Caillois, 1961 <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">- French philosopher (Roger, 1961, “Man, Play and Games,” pg. 53-58, fg)

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Critical thinking and decision making skills are at an all time now – kids are in desperate need of some plantexts
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 13pt;">Butt 2010 <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;"> (neil, phd in communication studies at wayne university, Argument Construction, Argument Evaluation, And Decision-Making: A Content Analysis Of Argumentation And Debate Textbooks, <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">[] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">, LB)

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Roleplaying games like debate foment awareness about actual problems and act as a stepping stone for our actions in the real world – nobody thinks that debate’s simulation is real ====


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Goodman, 95 **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">– Professor Emeritus, School of Education, University of Michigan (Frederick L., “Practice in Theory,” Simulation and Gaming, June, 184-185, http://sag.sagepub.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/content/26/2/178.full.pdf)//SY

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">One-shot solutions to surveillance The social relations governing society and the way our personality is constructed means we __want to be watched__, we __desire surveillance__ --- that affirmative reforming __one program__ can’t change that ====


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Humphreys 6 **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">(Ashlee, Northwestern University, “The Consumer as Foucauldian “Object of Knowledge””, Social Science Computer Review, Volume 24 Number 3, page 296-309, Sage)//trepka

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The alt is overidentification – unconditional submission to the demands of the surveillance state allows overt subversion of the system – has empirically worked to counter surveillance ====

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 13pt;">Parker 7 <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">– Parker is a practising psychoanalyst, an analyst member of the Centre for Freudian Analysis and Research, works with the Research Institute for Health and Social Change at Manchester Metropolitan University and is involved in editing over a dozen academic journals. (Ian, 2007, ‘The truth about over-identification’, in P. Bowman and R. Stamp (eds), pp. 4-5, London: Continuum. [ISBN: 978-0-8264-9061-2], <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">[] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;"> // SM)

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The affirmative is a futile effort to hide from the gaze of surveillance – the alternative is to embrace and understand visibility as a means of resistance
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 13pt;">Koskela 3 <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">– Senior Lecturer, Department of Geography, University of Helsinki (FI) (Hille, Vol 1, No 3 (2003): Foucault and Panopticism Revisited, “‘Cam Era’ — the contemporary urban Panopticon”, <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">[|http://www.surveillance-and-society.org/articles1(3)/camera.pdf //] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;"> SM)

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Increasing visibility effectively resists the controlling gaze of surveillance – this prevents surveillance from being interpreted as a threat
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 13pt;">Koskela 3 <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">– Senior Lecturer, Department of Geography, University of Helsinki (FI) (Hille, Vol 1, No 3 (2003): Foucault and Panopticism Revisited, “‘Cam Era’ — the contemporary urban Panopticon”, <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">[|http://www.surveillance-and-society.org/articles1(3)/camera.pdf //] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;"> SM)

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The gaze of surveillance excludes and overpowers the observed, foreclosing any possibility of response or opposition
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 13pt;">Koskela 3 <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">– Senior Lecturer, Department of Geography, University of Helsinki (FI) (Hille, Vol 1, No 3 (2003): Foucault and Panopticism Revisited, “‘Cam Era’ — the contemporary urban Panopticon”, <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">[|http://www.surveillance-and-society.org/articles1(3)/camera.pdf //] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;"> SM)

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Biometrics are a public construction

 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">van der Ploeg 3 **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">– Associate Professor of Infonomics & New Media at Zuyd University (Irma, “Biometrics and Privacy A note on the politics of

==== **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">The aff attempts to limit our social use of whole body scanner technology to avoid its negative effects—this focus on a single construct obscures the larger picture of technological control and oppression—attempts to limit specific technologies are undermined by the larger system of technological thought and technique which adapts us to the tech instead of adapting tech to us ** ====

**<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">ELLUL 1989 ** <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;"> (Jacques, French sociologist and philosopher but not like totally mainstream like the other ones, What I Believe, Trans. Bromiley, http://www.jesusradicals.com/wp-content/uploads/what.pdf)

==== **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">This unexamined primacy of technique turns the case and causes extinction—the aff helps assuage the symptoms of technological society which makes the ultimate cause that much more dangerous ** ====

**<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">WILKINSON 1964 ** <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;"> (John, Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions, forward to The Technological Society by Jacques Ellul)

==== **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">Voting negative is an assertion of freedom against the determinism of technique — legal rights are just another technology we should refuse in favor of radical individual freedom ** ====

**<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">ELLUL 1964 ** <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 7pt;"> (Jacques, French sociologist and philosopher but not like totally mainstream like the other ones, The Technological Society, trans John Wilkinson )


 * solvency**

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">A body scanner can’t identify individuals and it obscures body parts – the alternative is net worse pat downs
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">USA Today 10 – "Critics bash airport scans, but what's their alternative?." USA Today, n.d. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed July 21, 2015); http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=J0E113743998010&site=ehost-live xx; AV

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">TSA is key to public confidence in the safety of airlines
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 13pt;">Martin 10 – <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Lauren, PhD in geography at University of Kentucky, Lexington, “Bombs, Bodies, and Biopolitics: Securitizing the Subject at the Airport Security Checkpoint,” Social and Cultural Geography <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 9pt;">Feb2010, Vol. 11 Issue 1, p17-34. 18p. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 10pt;"> http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=47515315&site=ehost-live xx AD – 7/16/15; AV

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Most Transgender people are able to advance through security without incident

 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">National Center for Transgender Equality 2015( **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">[] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">; <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">[|Know Your Rights]  <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;"> |Airport Security;7/21/15;lmm

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Pat-downs are always an option and you will be accommodated according to your gender identity. In addition private screening and a present witness checks any or all abuse the aff claims is occurring. ====


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">National Center for Transgender Equality 2015 ****<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">( **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">[] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">; <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">[|Know Your Rights] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;"> |Airport Security <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">;7/21/15;lmm)

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">If your gender identity or appearance does not match your ID it does not matter for TSA

 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">National Center for Transgender Equality 2015 ****<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">( **<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">[] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">; <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;">[|Know Your Rights] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11pt;"> |Airport Security <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">;7/21/15;lmm)


 * psychoanalysis in the 2nr**