Sam+&+Vinaik

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**Obama has expedited approval for projects, but not allocated funds – aff is still inherent, but you don’t have any DA’s.**

 * Morgan and Rabin 7/19** – Miami Herald reporter, environment reporter (Curtis and Charles, “White House Speeds Up Permits, Offers No New Cash For PortMiami Dredge Project”, The Miami Herald, July 21 2012, [])//CB

====**Panama Canal expansion will disrupt American trade routes - Other nations are investing in port deepening to accommodate tankers, but the United States is not increasing its investment in its ports.**====
 * Bridges, 11 **** – **Chairman of the Board of the American Association of Port Authorities and Executive Director of Virginia Port Authority (Jerry A., “Testimony of Jerry A. Bridges Chairman of the Board of the American Association of Port Authorities and Executive Director of Virginia Port Authority before the United States House of Representatives Transportation and Infrastructure Committee Water Resources and Environment Subcommittee Hearing: the Economic importance of Seaports: Is the United States Prepared for 21st Century Trade Realities?”, 10/26/11, 2011, [| http://republicans.transportation.house.gov/Media/file/TestimonyWater/2011-10-26%20Bridges.pdf)]

**Lack of U.S. adaptation will devastate trade and the economic competitiveness**

 * Weakley, 8 ** – Realize America’s Maritime promise, Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund Fairness Coalition, testimony of James Weakley the president of the Lake Carriers’ Association (James, “Realize America’s Maritime Promise”, Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund Fairness Coalition, 4/30/08, [] ) // EK

**First is international trade: it’s key to the economy and accounts for 27% of GDP**

 * Kiefer et al., 2k ** – principal investigator for Planning and Management Consultants– study authorized by Section 401 of the Water Resources Development Act of 1999, report to the US Army Corps of Engineers (Jack, Planning and Management Consultants, “The National Dredging Needs Study of Ports and Harbors Implications to Cost-Sharing of Federal Deep Draft Navigation Projects Due to Changes in the Maritime Industry”, 5/2000, []) // EK

**Economic collapse now causes a nuclear World War III**

 * Hamer, 10 **– Professor and doctor, writes for Current Concerns (Eberhard, “Increasing Indications for a Third World War”, 3/6/10, []) // AJ

**American economic leadership prevents mercantilism – solves protectionism**

 * Posen, 9 ** – Deputy director and senior fellow of the Peterson Institute for International Economics (Adam, “Economic leadership beyond the crisis,” []) // EK

**Protectionism leads to global nuclear war**

 * Panzner, 8 ** – faculty at the New York Institute of Finance, 25-year veteran of the global stock, bond, and currency markets who has worked in New York and London for HSBC, Soros Funds, ABN Amro, Dresdner Bank, and JPMorgan Chase (Michael, “Financial Armageddon: Protect Your Future from Economic Collapse,” p. 136-138) // EK

**Port dredging is key to international trade and competitiveness – increased exports, trade, manufacturing jobs, and trillions in revenue**

 * <span style="color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Georgia,serif;">Nagle, 11 **<span style="color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;"> – President and CEO of the American Association of Port Authorities (December 2011, Kurt, Industry Today, “Association: American Association of Port Authorities; Port-Related Infrastructure Investments Can Reap Dividends,” vol. 14, no. 3, <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">[] <span style="color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">) //EK//

//** And even if they win ports don’t boost the economy, infrastructure spending is key to recovery-jobs, and Keynesian stimulus empirically proven-WWII **// // Blodget, 12 - Henry Blodget is co-founder, CEO and Editor-In Chief of Business Insider, one of the fastest-growing business and tech news sites in the world. A former top-ranked Wall Street analyst, Henry is also the host of Yahoo Daily Ticker, a Yahoo Finance video show viewed by several million people a month. He is often a guest on CNN, MSNBC, NPR, and other networks. Blodget received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Yale University. (Henry, “Yes, It's Time For A Massive Infrastructure Spending Program”, Buisness Insider, http://www.businessinsider.com/infrastructure-spending-program-2012-6?op=1, June 19, 2012) //TWR

**Clogged waterways are killing the steel industry competitiveness – decreases shipping capabilities. Dredging will open waterways allow tons of extra steel to be shipped.**

 * Petry, 12** - correspondent for American Metal Market (Corinna, “US shippers urge feds to use funds for dredging”, Metal Bulletin Weekly, 4/2/12, ProQuest)//SS

**First, the steel industry key to military tech-development**
[] )//SS
 * AISI, 7 –** <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">AISI’s goal is to educate about the U.S. and North American steel industry (American Iron and Steel Institute, “Steel and the National Defense,” Specialty Steel Industry of North America, January 2007,

**Military R&D key to heg**

 * Paarlberg, 4 ** - Robert Paarlberg is the Betty Freyhof Johnson Class of 1944 Professor of Political Science at Wellesley College and Associate at the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs at Harvard University. (Peter L., “ Knowledge as Power: Science, Military Dominance, and U.S. Security,” International Security, 2004, [] )//SS

**National industries key to deterrence and preventing foreign dependence**
<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">**Global Security, 90**- the leading source for reliable news and security information (“The US Defense Industrial Base: Deterrence in Decline,” GlobalSecurity.org, 1990, http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1990/MMR.htm)//SS

**SECOND, a robust steel industry key to strong infrastructure**
**AISI, 6** - AISI’s goal is to educate about the U.S. and North American steel industry (American Iron and Steel Institute, “[|A Strong U.S. Steel Industry: Critical to Protecting U.S. Infrastructure, Homeland Security and Economic Security],” American Iron and Steel Institute, 2/1/6, [])//SS

**Good infrastructure is key to the economy**

 * AISI, 6 ** - AISI’s goal is to educate about the U.S. and North American steel industry (American Iron and Steel Institute, “[|A Strong U.S. Steel Industry: Critical to Protecting U.S. Infrastructure, Homeland Security and Economic Security],” American Iron and Steel Institute, 2/1/6, [])//SS

**Econ collapse tanks heg**

 * FPRI, 9** – Founded in 1955, FPRI is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization devoted to **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">bringing the insights of scholarship to bear on the development of policies that advance U.S. national interests. ** **<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">(“Security Challenges Arising from the Global Economic Crisis,” Foreign Policy Research Institute, March 11, 2009, ** [])//SS

**Heg is sustainable and prevents conflict**

 * Brown et al. 8 –** *** Michael E. Brown is Dean of the Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University. ***OWEN R. COTÉ, JR**<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">. ** is the associate director of the MIT Security Studies Program. ***Sean M. Lynn-Jones is a Belfer Center researcher at Harvard University and Editor of //International Security.//** * Steven E. Miller is Director of the International Security Program (“Primacy and its Discontents,” MIT Press, 2008, [] ))//SS

**Retrenchment triggers great power wars**

 * Zhang & Shi, 11** – ***Yuhan Zhang is a researcher at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.** *Lin Shi is from Columbia University. She also serves as an independent consultant for the Eurasia Group and a consultant for the World Bank in Washington, D.C. (Yuhan and Lin, “America’s decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry,” East Asia Forum, 1/22/11, [] )//SS

Contention Two: Solvency

 * Federal action key- Dredging management and material dumping legality **
 * Woodley Jr. 8 ** — Chairman – PIANC (Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses) USA (John Paul, “Dredging key to keeping nation’s economy afloat”, Seaports Magazine, @http://www.aapaseaports.com/pdf_issues/AAPASeaports_Summer2008.pdf, Summer 2008) // BL

HMTF can fund all port dredging - tops $7 billion
Houston Chronicle 7/20- “Dredge deeper to increase trade” 12:35 AM, Jul 21, 2012, Bill Decker, editor ([]) MK


 * Federal Funding Key- No Federal Credit Assistance**
 * Gibbs, 2011** – Subcommittee Chairman (Bob, “Memorandum on the Hearing on “The Economic Importance of Seaports: Is the United States Prepared for 21st Century Trade Realities?” U.S. House of Representatives ¶ Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, October 21, 2011 [])//BL