Gavin+&+Justin

=Ports Aff= toc

1AC Plan
The United States federal government should substantially increase its investment in expedited port deepening projects in the United States.

1AC Inherency

 * Contention 1 is Inherency—**


 * Obama has expedited approval for dredging projects, but not allocated funds—increased action is necessary but there’s no link uniqueness for ****disads **


 * Morgan and Rabin 7/19** – Miami Herald reporter, environment reporter (Curtis and Charles, “White House Speeds Up Permits, Offers No New Cash For PortMiami Dredge Project”, The Miami Herald, July 21 2012, http://www.miamiherald.com/2012/07/19/2902727/white-house-speeds-up-permits.html)//CB

__The White House on Thursday ...__ //remaining federal reviews//__.”__


 * The XO __wasn’t sufficient__—it was __highly limited__, __provided no funding__ and __didn’t expedite sufficiently__**


 * AP, 12** (Associated Press, “Graham: Nation starting to move to port vision”, reprinted in the Miami Herald, 7/21/2012, http://www.miamiherald.com/2012/07/21/2905712/graham-nation-starting-to-move.html, Deech)

Graham says the U.S. Army ... a nother year off that.


 * The plan is key—dredging a handful of ports is insufficient and won’t solve US competitiveness**


 * Williams, 2012** reporter for GlobalAtlanta, Atlanta's International Business News Source ***Aleman is a Panama Canal Authority CEO (Trevor, “Panama Canal CEO: Savannah, Charleston Ports Both Needed,” 2/14/12, http://www.globalatlanta.com/articlevid/25345/1872/)//AM

__The canal won't ...__ ports across the Americas.

1AC LNG

 * Contention 1 is Liquid Natural Gas—**

The plan is key to increase LNG exports
 * Ebinger et al. 12** -- Task Force Co-Chair of Brookings Institution Natural Gas Task Force("Evaluating the Prospects for Increased Exports of Liquefied Natural Gas from the United States", January, p. 15, Brookings, www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2012/1/natural%20gas%20ebinger/natural_gas_ebinger_2.pdf)//GP

Shipping Capacity The ... decline in shipping costs to Asia. 40

**Even if status quo production is insufficient, federal investment spurs more**
 * Hulbert, 5/26** – a Lead Analyst at European Energy Review and consultant to a number of governments, most recently as Senior Research Fellow, Netherlands Institute for International Relations (Clingendael), was previously Senior Research Fellow at ETH Zurich working on energy and political risk. He started work in the City of London, advising on energy markets and political risk, as Senior Energy Analyst at Datamonitor for leading global utilities, and headed up the Global Issues Desk at Control Risks Group, specializing in political risk, geopolitics and security analysis for multinational companies, governments and institutional investors. He was also seconded to work in Washington, D.C., to enhance CRG's political risk offerings in North America. (Matthew, “Why American Natural Gas Will Change The World”, Forbes, **5/26/12**, http://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewhulbert/2012/05/26/why-american-natural-gas-will-change-the-world/)//GP

‘It was the best of times; i... //behind Qatar and Australia.//


 * Scenario 1 is the EU—**


 * Panama expansion means unique opportunities for LNG exports to Europe**
 * __Eaton, 2012__** – reporter for the Houston Business Journal (Collin, “Economists differ on Panama Canal expansion's impact “, Houston Business Journal, May 29 2012, http://www.bizjournals.com/houston/blog/money-makers/2012/05/economists-differ-on-panama-canal.html) // MGD

Economists at a recent forum ... be a game-changer.


 * Increasing US LNG exports breaks European dependence on Russia**
 * Ratner et al, 2012** specialist in energy policy, other authors include ***Paul Belkin, analyst in European affairs, ***Jim Nichol, specialist in Russian and Eurasian affairs, and ***Steven Woehrel, specialist in European Affairs (Michael, “Europe’s Energy Security: Options and Challenges to Natural Gas Supply Diversification,” Congressional Research Service, 3/13/12, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42405.pdf)//AM

__The__ 27 member-state European ... oil-indexed natural gas prices.


 * Russian monopoly destroys security and pro-democracy efforts in Eurasia**
 * Baran, 7 -** senior fellow and director of the Center for Eurasian Policy at the Hudson Institute in Washington, D.C. **(** Zenyo, “ EU Energy Security: Time to End Russian Leverage,” THE WASHINGTON QUARTERLY AUTUMN 2007, http://ao.hudson.org/files/publications/07autumn_baran.pdf)

__The lack of reliable and s...__ __Caucasus would increase.__


 * That causes Eurasian instability**
 * Asmus, 8** - Executive Director of the Transatlantic Center at the German Marshall Fund of the United States, in Brussels, From 1997 to 2000, he served as U.S. Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs (Ronald, “ Europe's Eastern Promise; Rethinking NATO and EU Enlargement,” Foreign Affairs. New York: Jan/Feb 2008. http://www.jstor.org.proxy.lib.umich.edu/stable/pdfplus/20020270.pdf?acceptTC=true)

IN THE early 1990S, after the Iron ... **__nationalist Russia is on the rise.__**


 * Nuclear War**
 * Mcdermott 11** - specializes in Russian and Central Asian defense and security issues and is a Senior Fellow in Eurasian Military Studies, The Jamestown Foundation, Washington DC, Senior International Research Fellow for the Foreign Military Studies Office (FMSO), Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, and Affiliated Senior Analyst, Danish Institute for International Studies, Copenhagen. McDermott is on the editorial board of Central Asia and the Caucasus and the scientific board of the Journal of Power Institutions in Post-Soviet Societies. He recently wrote The Reform of Russia’s Conventional Armed Forces: Problems, Challenges and Policy Implications (Roger, “General Makarov Highlights the “Risk” of Nuclear Conflict”, 12/6/11, The Jamestown Foundation, http://www.jamestown.org/details/?tx_bzdstaffdirectory_pi1%5BshowUid%5D=140&tx_bzdstaffdirectory_pi1%5BbackPid%5D=60&no_cache=1)//GP

In the current election season the... __War would wish **to chew** on.__


 * Scenario 2 is Iran—**


 * US LNG exports undermine Russian and Iranian influence – prevents a gas cartel, stops EU dependence on Russia and makes sanctions against Iran effective**
 * Medlock et al 2011** ***Report from an energy study sponsored by the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy and supported by the US Department of energy, Medlock is a fellow in energy and resource economics at the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, PhD in economics (Kenneth, “Shale Gas and U.S. National Security,” James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy, July 2011, http://www.bakerinstitute.org/publications/EF-pub-DOEShaleGas-07192011.pdf)//AM

The study finds that full ... __as Russia, Iran__, and Venezuela.


 * Sanctions solve Iran’s nuclear program**
 * CAP 12** - (Center for American Progress— independent nonpartisan educational institute (“Sanctions Are Causing Major Headaches for Iran’s Nuclear Program 6 Reasons Why the Obama Administration’s Iran Strategy Is the Best Way Forward”, May 29, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2012/05/iran_series2.html/)//EL

Though Iran has survived ... Iran ian decision to dash to a bomb.”


 * Extinction**
 * Allison 6** -Harvard Government Professor(Graham, “The Will to Prevent”, Fall, Harvard International Law Review, L/N, Accessed 7/16/10)

Meanwhile, Iran is testing the... that can threaten our existence .”

1AC Cotton

 * Contention 2 is __cotton__ —**


 * Ports are key to cotton export competitiveness**
 * Harris, 7** — associate editor at Cotton Grower magazine (Drew, “Paradigm Shift Changes Market For The US Cotton Grower”, May, ProQuest, EL)

Farm Bill legislation is … we need to force the issue."


 * Specifically, __port efficiency__ is key — only the plan solves**
 * Rossen et al 11** – A report prepared under cooperative agreements between the Agricultural Marketing Service and Texas AgriLife Research (Parr, “Impacts of Transportation Infrastructure on the U.S. Cotton Industry”, CNAS, 5/11, []

Because __the U.S. … strain the U.S. port system__.


 * This is __good__ — __two impacts__ — first is __Xinjiang__ — the plan ends Chinese encroachment on Xinjiang province**
 * Zhao and Tisdell, 9** — professor of agricultural economics at Wuhan University of Science and Engineering, AND, professor at the School of Economics, The University of Queensland (Xufu and Clem, “The Sustainability of Cotton Production in China and in Australia: Comparative Economic and Environmental Issues”, ECONOMICS, ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, Working Paper No. 157, The University of Queensland, June 2009, http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/55338/2/WP%20157.pdf, Deech)

Although globally China … their cotton supplies.


 * Specifically, the success of the Chinese cotton industry causes __mass migrations__ to Xinjiang**
 * Giglio, 12** (Davide, “Separatism And The War On Terror In China’s Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region”, thesis presented in completion of a Certificate-of-Training in United Nations Peace Support Operations, Peace Operations Training Institute, 2/22/2012, http://media.peaceopstraining.org/theses/giglio.pdf, Deech)

The development, from … growing manufacturing economy.


 * The impact is global terrorism**
 * Hays, 8** — former professor and lecturer on East Asian affairs (Jeffrey, “TERRORISM, TERRORIST GROUPS AND ANTI-TERRORIST EFFORTS IN IN XINJIANG”, Facts and Details, October 2011, http://factsanddetails.com/china.php?itemid=1004&catid=5&subcatid=89#7708, Deech)

Beijing blames outside … because it pressured China.


 * That causes __WMD theft__**
 * Ferguson and Potter, 4** — president of the Federation of American Scientists, former project director of the Independent Task Force on U.S. Nuclear Weapons Policy at the Council on Foreign Relations, adjunct professor in the security studies program at Georgetown University, former scientist-in-residence at the Monterey Institute’s Center for Nonproliferation Studies, winner of the 2003 Robert S. Landauer Lecture Award from the Health Physics Society, consultant for Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, and the National Nuclear Security Administration, former physical scientist in the Office of the Senior Coordinator for Nuclear Safety at the U.S. Department of State, co-chairman of the U.S.-Japan Nuclear Working Group, M.A. and Ph.D. in physics from Boston University, AND, Sam Nunn and Richard Lugar Professor of Nonproliferation Studies and Founding Director of the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies, member of the Council on Foreign Relations, member of the International Advisory Board of the Center for Policy Studies in Russia (Charles D. and William C., “The Four Faces of Nuclear Terrorism”, Nuclear Threat Initiative, Monterey Institute, Center for Nonproliferation Studies, 2004, http://jeffreyfields.net/427/Site/Blog/30F67A03-182C-4FC7-9EFD-A7C321F6DC8D_files/analysis_4faces.pdf, Deech)

China has been … weapon in that country.


 * Xinjiang terrorism causes __extinction__**
 * Cui, 12** (Jia, “No mercy for terrorist acts in Xinjiang”, China Daily, 3/8/2012, http://www.chinadailyapac.com/article/no-mercy-terrorist-acts-xinjiang, Deech)

Many incidents of terrorism -… lives of all people in the world ."


 * Second is the __Chinese textile industry__ — it’s on the brink now**
 * PRC Ministry of Commerce 2008** (4/25, "Chinese textile firms struggle to survive in 2008", China Textile Network Company, http://textination.de/en/tiw/2008/TIW04252008.pdf) //EL//

//__Textile firms__, once an … , without giving his name. //

//**Only strong U.S. cotton export competitiveness __jumpstarts__ the industry**// //**Kantz 10** —agricultural trade magazine reporter (Brian, “U.S. Cotton Gearing Up”, International Cotton Magazine, May, ProQuest, EL) //

//__The world's top cotton … That's good news for merchants."__//

//**That solves CCP instability**// //**Stratfor 08** **-** subscription-based provider of geopolitical analysis 6/12 [China: Rescuing the Textile Industry, http://www.stratfor.com/analysis/china_rescuing_textile_industry] //EL

Sample Article: China: Rescuing the … become irrelevant, to the regime at least.

[|s.com/news/5-8-5/30931.html])
 * Nuclear war**
 * Renxing, 5** (San, The Epoch Times “The CCP's Last-ditch Gamble: Biological and Nuclear War. Hundreds of millions of deaths proposed”, 8/5/2005, [|http://en.epochtime]

Since the Party’s life is … with their lives.

Biological weapons also cause extinction Washington Times, 08 – (editorial, “Worse than nuclear threat,” Washington Times, July 10, 2008) //JH

Of the three sorts, … Seattle could start dying.

1AC Solvency

 * Contention 3 is solvency—**


 * The federal government is key – port infrastructure is under __federal jurisdiction__ and federal action is vital to __leadership__ **
 * AAPA, 11** - AAPA represents 160 of the leading seaport authorities in the United States, Canada, Latin America and the Caribbean and more than 300 sustaining and associate members, firms and individuals with an interest in seaports (American Association of Port Authorities, “The U.S. Government’s Historic Role in Developing and Maintaining Landside and Waterside Connections to Seaports”, March 2011, [|http://aapa.files.cms-plus.com/PDFs/Transportation%20and%20the%20Constitution1.pdf)//GP]

Over time these constitutional … competitiveness, be recognized and prioritized.


 * Federal leadership is vital to expediting new projects and coordinating federal agencies – it creates faster infrastructure development**
 * Woodley Jr. 8** — Chairman – PIANC (Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses) USA (John Paul, “Dredging key to keeping nation’s economy afloat”, Seaports Magazine, [], Summer) EL

Like many nations, __the United … for generations to come.__


 * Dredging isn’t harmful—status quo regulations solve**
 * Hamons, 6** -- Maryland Port Administration (Frank "'Dredge is not a dirty word', Winter, [|www.aapa-ports.org/Publications/SeaportsDetail.cfm?itemnumber=3518#seaportsarticle1]) // NK

" Dredge " is a word that has … programs for the Port of Oakland.

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