Sabrina+Zhang+and+Tina+Gao

=1NC Offcase:= DAs Elections DA, Japan DA, Dip-Cap DA, TPP DA, Rising Expectations DA, Allied Prolif DA, Taiwan DA

T T Unconditional, T QPQ, T Diplomatic Agents

CPs Secrecy CP, Canada CP, Consult Japan CP, UNCLOS CP

Ks Security, Neoliberalism = = =Past 2NRs:= DAs Elections DA, Japan DA, Dip-Cap DA, TPP DA

T T unconditional

CPs Secrecy CP, Canada CP, Consult Japan CP

Ks Neoliberalism

=AIIB AFF=

Plan
====The Plan: The United States federal government should substantially increase its diplomatic and economic engagement with the People's Republic of China over the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank to join the bank.====

Scenario 1 is U.S. hegemony:
====China's rise is inevitable due to its economic power – U.S. failure to seek membership in the AIIB signals that it rejects China's integration into the current world order and crushes American legitimacy==== The United States has sensibly declared its intention to rebalance towards the Asia-Pacific AND writ large—than, respectively, excluding China and shunning its efforts.
 * Wyne, 15** —- contributing analyst at Wikistrat, and a global fellow with the Project for the Study of the 21st Century (4/7/15, Ali, "The American World Order and China's New Bank," http://warontherocks.com/2015/04/the-american-world-order-and-chinas-new-bank/, article downloaded on 5/3/16, JMP)

Joining AIIB prevents WWIII by facilitating China's rise – preserves US hard power and peacefully gives China a stake in the international order
AND us hope the appropriate lessons are learned. Pax Americana is still needed.
 * Lehmann, 15** —- Emeritus Professor at IMD, Lausanne (Switzerland), currently Visiting Professor at Hong Kong University and at NIIT University in Neemrana, Rajasthan (India) (4/2/15, Jean-Pierre Lehmann, "China And The US: The AIIB Fiasco &amp; America's Colossal Loss Of Face," http://www.forbes.com/sites/jplehmann/2015/04/02/china-and-the-us-the-aiib-fiasco-americas-colossal-loss-of-face/print/, article downloaded 6/14/16, JMP)
 * U.S. heg on brink (due to Iraq), China wants

Multiple hotspots increase the probability of WWIII – strategic trust is key to advert war
The relationship between the United States and China has rightly been described as the most AND a marriage in which divorce is not an option. Divorce means war.
 * Shambaugh, 15** – professor of political science and international affairs at George Washington University, and a nonresident senior fellow at the Brookings Institution (David, "In a fundamental shift, China and the US are now engaged in all-out competition," South China Morning Post, 6/11/15, http://www.scmp.com/comment/insight-opinion/article/1819980/fundamental-shift-china-and-us-are-now-engaged-all-out?page=all//Red+JMP)

Engaging on the AIIB demonstrates strategic trust by shifting US strategy away from containment – prevents miscalc in SCS
In 2011, U.S. president Barack Obama announced plans to "pivot AND . cooperation. Development lending could prove a minimally politically sensitive testing ground.
 * Noori, et. al, 15** —- Program Specialist, Middle East & North Africa Programs at United States Institute of Peace (8/24/15, Maral Noori, Daniel Jasper and Jason Tower, "Overcoming Barriers to U.S.-China Cooperation," http://www.usip.org/publications/2015/08/24/overcoming-barriers-us-china-cooperation, downloaded on 4/21/16, JMP)

South China Sea conflict goes nuclear – deep historical tensions will explode in a US-China military confrontation fraught with misunderstanding
Christensen 6/5/15 – Thomas J., Boswell professor of world politics and director of the China and the World Program at Princeton University, is a former U.S. deputy assistant secretary of state for East Asian and Pacific affairs, "China's Rising Military: Now for the Hard Part" http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2015-06-05/china-s-rising-military-now-for-the-hard-part One reason for this is that no consensus exists in East Asia on the territorial AND conditions in which a technologically superior foe attacks crucial targets with conventional weapons.

Advantage 2 is Environment
====The choices made in Asian infrastructure development now will determine the future of global warming – expanding renewable energy markets and building climate resilient infrastructure through the AIIB are key to keep warming below 2 degrees==== The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (the AIIB or the Bank) is poised AND with major long-term commercial benefits for many members of the AIIB.
 * Nassiry and Nakhooda 16** – Darius Nassiry, head of the international cooperation department at the Global Green Growth Institute, investment manager with the Norwegian Investment Fund for Developing Countries (Norfund) Center for Global Development, Smita Nakhooda, international finance to support developing countries to respond to climate change, "The AIIB and the investment in action," 4/13/2016, https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/resource-documents/the_aiib_and_investment_in_action_final_20160413.pdf//TK

In the squo, loopholes and loose regulations in the bank ensure environmental degradation.
Unfortunately, the AIIB's draft environmental and social framework, released last week, does AND as well as the comparative advantage of each institution in undertaking specific projects.
 * Elgin-Cossart and Hart '15** - Senior Fellow and Director of China Policy at American Progress. She focuses on U.S. foreign policy toward China and works to identify new opportunities for bilateral cooperation, particularly on energy, climate change, and cross-border investment - Senior Fellow at American Progress, where she works on issues involving foreign policy, international development, and global conflict (Center for American Progress, "China's New International Financing Institutions Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Investment Standards," September 2015, https://cdn.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/21140703/RaceToTheTop-brief.pdf)// VM

The plan solves – leverages empirically successful US-Chinese cooperation to cut GHG emissions
Continuing to maintain that stance would be a mistake. The United States has an AND United States is well placed to play a constructive role in that endeavor.
 * Mauro '15**- senior fellow at Peterson Institute for International Economics (Paolo Mauro, Peterson Institute for International Economics, "Why America Should Join the AIIB," 6/12/15, https://piie.com/commentary/op-eds/why-america-should-join-aiib)//NH

Consensus of global scientists agree – warming is real, anthropogenic and happening now
Human-caused climate change is happening and is accelerating; dangerous impacts are becoming AND to inform Americans about the scientific consensus regarding the realities of climate change.
 * Maibach et al '14** Distinguished Professor of Communication at George Mason University and Director of the Center for Climate Change Communication at GMU. (Edward Maibach, Teresa Myers, Anthony Leiserowitz, "Climate Scientists need to set the Record Straight: There is a scientific consensus that human caused climate change is happening," 5/7/14, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2013EF000226/full)//NH

Now is key to prevent 2 degrees increase
The news is in: humans are totally failing in the global effort to stop AND goal will require dedication, international cooperation and a lot of hard work.
 * Harvey '14 ­- Chelsea Harvey is a science reporter for Business Insider. She is based in New York City (Chelsea Harvey, science reporter, "Here's How Little Time We Have Until Global Warming Is Out Of Control," September 2014, http://www.businessinsider.com/when-will-climate-change-be-out-of-control-2014-9 )// JB**

Further dam development on the Mekong collapses global biodiversity as a whole – development bank reform is key
In a policy paper published by the journal Science today, over 40 scientists from AND , trade-offs and pave the way for better informed decision making."
 * Conservation International 16 (Conservation International,** **American nonprofit environmental organization, "Global Biodiversity Threatened by Piecemeal Dam Development", Conservation International,** http://www.conservation.org/NewsRoom/pressreleases/Pages/Global-Biodiversity-Threatened-by-Piecemeal-Dam-Development.aspx // **PD)**

Biodiversity loss is a threat multiplier, it outweighs and triggers their impacts

 * Torres 2016** -the founder of the X-Risks Institute, an affiliate scholar at the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies

Phil, "Biodiversity loss: An existential risk comparable to climate change," Apr 11, thebulletin.org/biodiversity-loss-existential-risk-comparable-climate-change9329 According to the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, the two greatest existential threats to human AND as one of the most significant contemporary risks to human prosperity and survival.

Plan solves - gives US voting power, allows the US to integrate the bank into the current world order, and ensures US financial power through projects.
China's new Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) has been the source of considerable AND improve the AIIB as a member, instead of opposing the bank altogether.
 * Lazarus, 3/2/16** —- MA candidate at The Fletcher School, Tufts University (Leland, "Why the U.S. Should Embrace the AIIB; There are compelling reasons for the U.S. to join China's new development bank," http://thediplomat.com/2016/03/why-the-u-s-should-embrace-the-aiib/, article downloaded 4/24/16, JMP)

China won't say no to US engagement – China wants U.S. participation
JIN Liqun, president of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, said yesterday that he AND bonds in Hong Kong and can also have currency swaps with Hong Kong."
 * Xinhua, 3/26/16** ("AIIB president 'patient in waiting' for US," http://www.shanghaidaily.com/business/finance/AIIB-president-patient-in-waiting-for-US/shdaily.shtml, article downloaded 4/23/16, JMP)

Roach, 15 —- Senior Fellow, Jackson Institute of Global Affairs (3/26/15, Stephen, "Washington's Big China Screw-up; U.S. efforts to oppose a $50 billion China-led infrastructure bank have backfired. Experts explain why," http://foreignpolicy.com/2015/03/26/washingtons-big-china-screw-up-aiib-asia-infrastructure-investment-bank-china-containment-chinafile/, article downloaded 6/9/16, JMP) In 2005, then-U.S. Deputy Secretary of State Robert Zoellick AND will be able to justly claim they are truly acting as responsible stakeholders.
 * ====Engagin AIIB is key – it's China's first signature contribution – continued opposition fuels perception of containment====**

Plan is key to join the bank – there's no signal of the US in accepting AIIB in the squo
WASHINGTON (MNI) - The United States should join or at least be more AND where it's required, then what prerogatives are we going to allow China?"
 * Son, 5/17/16** (Joshua, Market News International, "US Should Change Stance, Join Asia Investment Bank – Analysts," Factiva, JMP)

=OPIUM MOURNING AFF=

=1AC=

We ask you to recall the story of Lin Zexu, commissioner of China during the height of the Opium Wars…
Lin instituted an intricate and multifaceted control system. First, he ordered a set of registers to be kept by innkeepers and landlords, and presented for official inspection every five days, to keep track of the transients who moved in and out of the city. Second, he established five men mutual–security groups for officials, soldiers, and yamen clerks. Third, he supplied harsh penalties for smokers, dealers, and peddlers within the city, and high rewards to informants. Finally, Lin had publicly proclaimed that the old pao-chia (an antiquated system designed to ensure that no individual disturbed the social order) had failed to work because its guarantors were not dependable.[7] These policies projected the effect of dislocation and terror, as many smokers were executed, imprisoned, or hospitalized; the prisons were crowded with innocent victims. While many perished while incarcerated, the informers prospered, capitalists were purposely involved to get possession of their property. As the legal trade was at an end, the drug was, when the panic had passed, resumed with greater vigor.[8] Lin Zexu persuaded the Emperor that the importers and distributers of the drug, rather than the users themselves, had to bear the principal force of government punishment. By July 1839, Lin had arrested about 1700 native offenders and confiscated 44,000 pounds of opium and over 70,000 opium pipes.[9] Lin evoked another policy to break the intake of opium at the Canton port; first, to arrest and punish some of the well-known Chinese opium traffickers to frighten away the others; second, to pressure the merchants to be faithful to the government and wash their hands of the deadly drug; and third, to severely punish the foreigners and to deal a death blow to their well-established black market drug trade.[10] Lin was genuinely convinced that the merchants had betrayed their country for the sake of commerce. He declared a boycott against the British and persistently criticized the Chinese merchants, calling them chien-shang (treacherous merchants) or han-chien (traitor) for continuing their deceitful work.[11] In trying to combat the importation of the drug, Lin demanded that the foreigners bequeath the drug trade. His attempt to reason with the British took the appearance of a message to Queen Victoria (1819 – 1901) in which Lin claims that "The wealth of China is used to profit the barbarians… By what right do they then in return use the poisonous drug to injure the Chinese people? Where is your conscience?"[12] The British first ignored the order, than flat out refused; therefore Lin stopped all trade and set up a siege of the factories and their 350 foreigners. They held out for six weeks, finally succumbing in spring 1839, and delivering over 21,000 chests of opium to Lin, who promptly had 500 laborers dig three immense trenches – seven feet deep, 25 feet wide, and 150 feet long, filled them with the confiscated opium, water, and added a mix of salt and lime to make the drug useless.

====Despite Lin's attempts at preventing Western exploitation of Chinese citizens, the West's plan to weaken China with a highly addictive drug allowed them to take complete control over the Chinese economy, setting them up for more than a century of economic dominance over the region. While history classes focus heavily on the British influence within the Opium Wars, they conveniently ignore America's introduction of the Treaty of Wanghia. Forced to sign it after their losses to Britain and America in the Opium Wars, this treaty required China to cede ports to America and grant them exemption from all Chinese laws. Post-treaty, China had not only lost their economic prominence, but over 50,000 lives, more than fifteen times as many as America and Britain combined.====

====However, western history has undergone a collective amnesia to forget American involvement in these wars, and the death toll faced by China. America now tells a different story, a one sided one. One that took a singular event, and rearticulated it as an act of American heroism, where China's economy and culture would have fallen had America not stepped in and boosted trade within the ports. In other words, we put America on a pedestal of democracy and justice. ====

====Today, we construct China as a threat in the same way we constructed Lin Zexu as a villain. We construct China as the barbarian culture in the same way we constructed the Opium war as an act of American heroism. This construction of China has permeated academia and is cemented in politics. International relations is not neutral but glosses over truth, allowing America to insidiously pursue imperialism and nation-building.==== As will be shown throughout the chapters that follow, American representations of China have AND has always been especially dependent upon representational practices for understandings about its identity.
 * Turner 14** [Oliver Turner, Hallsworth Research Fellow at the University of Manchester, PhD from the University of Manchester, April 2014, "American Images of China: Identity, Power, Policy," pp 23-30]

====Thus, this western narrative must be retold. That's the reason we ask you to recall the Opium Wars. We could have told the story from the position of the "brave" Western soldier killed in the war. We could have allowed America to dictate which body is acceptable to mourn, could have allowed America to tell us that the only body we can mourn is the white, male, soldier who died in vain for our economic primacy. ====

====Instead, we choose a new body to mourn, a non-western body. Yes, we agree to mourn the so-called "barbic, drug-fueled" Chinese because mourning is a method to step back from the western mode of thought, it is a reconsideration of our atrocities before taking pragmatic action.==== Let us return to the issue of grief, to the moments in which one AND such fast and furious support and will not even qualify as "grievable."
 * Butler 04** (Judith, Prof of Gender Studies, "Precarious Life: The Power of Mourning and Violence", pg 28-32, shr)