Kevin+&+Eddie

AUV- Ocean Drones, REMs, and fisheries


 * The United States federal government should substantially increase its support of non-military autonomous underwater vehicles. **

The AUV's evolution is taking place at an amazing rate of change...In summary, the ATON of the future can and should be smaller, lighter, more agile and more self-sustaining than the current LNB's we know today. A new public-private partnership is the key to such success.
 * 1AC Ocean Drones **
 * Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) development is inevitable, but Congress has to act promptly to authorize, appropriate and coordinate a //comprehensive national program// for it to work—that spurs P3s which streamline production and overcome previous barriers **
 * FIND 14 **– Federal information and news dispatch (FIND, “House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation Hearing”, federal press release, [|__http://insurancenewsnet.com/oarticle/2014/02/07/house-transportation-and-infrastructure-subcommittee-on-coast-guard-and-maritime-a-457472.html#.U6xpufmICQo__], HW)

Frontiers in the Ocean Jim Cameron is a visionary who is capable of looking beyond what we are currently able to see... It also remains the bellwether by which philanthropic entrepreneurs judge the long-term viability of the impact their investment will have on the success that U.S. ocean science research will have around the globe.
 * Only U.S. federal investment can catalyze private sector tech and R&D development **
 * Avery, 13 **—President and Director Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, June 11 2013 [Dr. Susan K., Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Published June 11 2013, [|__http://www.whoi.edu/page.do?pid=8915&tid=3622&cid=171149__]] JB

**Federal support is the seed for commercial spillover and widespread deployment**
Huge dividends from initial federal support…federal funding for basic research is the seed for innovation and continues to enlarge the realm of the possible.
 * Avery, 14 **— Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution President and Director, April 29 2014 [Susan K. Avery, April 29, 2014, “Driving Innovations through Federal Investments” United States Senate Committee on Appropriations Written Testimony, []] JB

====Rare Earth Minerals (REMs) depleting now and risks global economic collapse– AUVs accesses new supplies which are key for the aerospace industry and high tech manufacturing and allow us to beat out China==== Green, Senior Editor-in-Chief at Robotics Business Review, 14 (Tom, 5-12-14, Robotics Business Review, “Deep Sea Dive for Rare Earth Elements”, http://www.roboticsbusinessreview.com/article/deep_sea_dive_for_rare_earth_elements) After a year of falling prices and depleting customer inventories, buyers of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) are coming back into this $10B market…with subsea robot mining tools built by technology partners like Soil Machine Dynamics.
 * 1AC – REMs**

Autonomous underwater vehicles key to inexpensive detection of mineral deposits AND new technology means surveys can be done quickly and accurately
Wiltshire, ’10, Specialist at Ocean and Resources Engineering [J. C., "MINERAL EXTRACTION, AUTHIGENIC MINERALS." //Marine Policy & Economics: A Derivative of the Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences//(2010): 274., Google Books, [|http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=dqzXwFsOFMcC&oi=fnd&pg=PA274&dq=(%22Rare+Earth+Elements%22+OR+%22rare+earth+minerals%22)+AND+(%22autonomous+underwater+vehicles%22+OR+%22Autonomous+Benthic+Explorer%22)&ots=PIzchVTPjs&sig=C1I_dhR2fdZIW6VUSsl3m8t-n44#v=onepage&q&f=false] , pg 276] The first step in minerals development is to find an economic mine site…The first step in minerals development is to find an economic mine site.

China REM monopoly prevents US high tech manufacturing and causes all future development to offshore – US action is key now to win the race and cause reshoring
Hannis, Senior fellow in defense studies at the American Foreign Policy Council, 12 ( Eric, 11-20-12, US News, “Are We Losing the Race for Rare Earths?”, []) The United States, like most of the industrialized world…however, companies will have an alternative that will allow them a way out of the China relocation trap.

1) REM independence is key to weapons development and preserving hegemony
Hannis, Senior fellow in defense studies at the American Foreign Policy Council, 12 (Eric, 11-20-12, US News, “Are We Losing the Race for Rare Earths?”, http://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/world-report/2012/11/20/the-us-needs-rare-earth-independence-from-china) This race is also important for defense reasons…Neither are getting friendlier to America.

2) Manufacturing is key to defense technology that’s the foundation of military primacy
O'Hanlon, Scholar at the Brookings Institution, 12 (Michael, January 2012, The Brookings Institution, “The Arsenal of Democracy and How to Preserve It: Key Issues in Defense Industrial Policy”, [] ) The current wave of defense cuts is also different than past defense budget reductions in their likely industrial impact…generate civilian and military export opportunities for the United States in a globalized marketplace.

3) manufacturing is key to competitiveness that underpins growth and power projection
Baru, Visiting Professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy and Institute of South Asian Studies (Singapore), 9 (Sanjava, January 2009, The Seminar, “Year of the power shift?”,, http://www.india-seminar.com/2009/593/593_sanjaya_baru.htm) There is no doubt that economics alone will not determine the balance of global power…the classic ‘guns vs butter’ dilemma.

The pursuit of hegemony is inevitable, sustainable, and prevents great power war
Ikenberry, Brooks, and Wohlforth, Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College and the Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University and Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University in Seoul and the Daniel Webster Professor of Government at Dartmouth College, 13 (John Ikenberry, Stephen G. Brooks, William C. Wohlforth, January/February 2013, Foreign Affairs, “Lean Forward: In Defense of American Engagement” http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/138468/stephen-g-brooks-g-john-ikenberry-and-william-c-wohlforth/lean-forward) Of course, even if it is true that the costs of deep engagement fall far below what advocates of retrenchment claim…The results could well be disastrous.

Aerospace manufacturing is key -airpower decline risks global instability and conflict
Pfaltzgraff 10 [Robert L, Shelby Cullom Davis Professor of International Security Studies at. The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy and President of the Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis, et al., Final Report of the IFPA-Fletcher Conference on National Security Strategy and Policy, “Air, Space, & Cyberspace Power in the 21st-Century”, p. xiii-9] Deterrence Strategy In stark contrast to the bipolar Cold War nuclear setting…What all of these have in common is the indispensable role that airpower would play in U.S. strategy and crisis management.


 * 1AC Fisheries**

Best evidence proves a majority of fisheries are still in decline
Plumer, 13 (10/29/2013, Brad, “Just how badly are we overfishing the oceans?” [], JMP) Humans now have the technology to find and catch every last fish on the planet…the United States imports 91 percent of its seafood, that's an important caveat.

AUVs are comparatively better than conventional methods of fisheries management—solve several internal links that other tech doesn’t
Smale ’12, Marine Biological Association Research Fellow “Regional-scale benthic monitoring for ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) using an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV)”, ICES Journal of Marine Science, http://icesjms.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2012/05/18/icesjms.fss082.full The AUV is a powerful tool for assessing the quantity and quality of benthic habitat for fisheries management… the frequency and intensity of short-term extreme warming events increases (Solomon et al., 2007).

AUVs are a critical strategy to help end overfishing- improved information brings light to the catch-setting process
Stump ’11, Policy Director at the Marine Fish Conservation Network “INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE FOR 21ST CENTURY FISHERIES: AN INVESTMENT STRATEGY TO END OVERFISHING AND BUILD AMERICA’S FISHERIES“, Marine Fish Conservation Network, [] The NOAA President’s FY2012 budget for NMFS seeks an increase of $16.2 million…through cooperative agreements with states from North Carolina to Texas as well as the U.S. Virgin Island and Puerto Rico.

Overfishingkills fisheries which are key to __food security__, __marine biodiversity__ and the __economy__.
Tilman et al ’13 Bren School of the Environment, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, (7/13, Matthew G. Burgess, Stephen Polasky, and David Tilmana, “Predicting overfishing and extinction threats in multispecies fisheries,”Proceedings of the National Academy of Science U S A., http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.proxy.lib.umich.edu/pmc/articles/PMC3791778/?tool=pmcentrez)FT Marine fisheries are an important global source of food…However, predicting the severity of future threats in absolute terms with this type of approach can be challenging.

Species diversity loss causes global extinction – we’re at the tipping point – crossing the threshold in the next 10 years makes it irreversible
Walsh, 10 —Bryan, “Wildlife: A Global Convention on Biodiversity Opens in Japan, But Can It Make a Difference?” Ecocentric Blog @ TIME, 10-18, [|http://ecocentric.blogs.time.com/2010/10/18/wildlife-a-global-convention-on-biodiversity-opens-in-japan-but-can-it-make-a-difference/#ixzz131wU6CSp]. //BR The story of non-human life on the planet Earth over the past few decades is a simple one: loss…We're losing nature. And that loss really is forever.

D eclining U.S. economic primacy triggers arms races, miscalc and great power war
Khalilzad, PhD, Former Ambassador and Professor, 11 –Former Professor of Political Science @ Columbia, Former ambassador to Iraq and Afghanistan (Zalmay Khalilzad was the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush and the director of policy planning at the Defense Department from 1990 to 1992. "The Economy and National Security" Feb 8 http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/259024/economy-and-national-security-zalmay-khalilzad)//BB Today, economic and fiscal trends pose the most severe long-term threat…hostile states would be emboldened to make aggressive moves in their regions

Dwindling food supplies cause food nationalism, which escalates even if stocks don’t totally collapse
Lester R. Brown 11 is the President of the Earth Policy Institute, “The New Geopolitics of Food,” May 2011, [], Accessed Date: 3-15-13 y2k The potential for conflict -- and not just over water-- is high…low-income countries that host land grabs or import grain will likely see their food situation deteriorate.

Food nationalism causes extinction—expert consensus
Julian Cribb 10 is a science communicator and author of The Coming Famine: the global food crisis and what we can do to avoid it. He is a member of On Line Opinion's Editorial Advisory Board. “The Coming Famine,” August 24, 2010, [], Accessed Date: 3-6-13 y2k Despite the global food crisis of 2007…It will be the greatest test of our global humanity and our wisdom we have yet faced

AUVs are critical to ecosystem based fisheries management
Smale ’12, Marine Biological Association Research Fellow “Regional-scale benthic monitoring for ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) using an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV)”, ICES Journal of Marine Science, http://icesjms.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2012/05/18/icesjms.fss082.full Monitoring marine habitats and biodiversity is critical…the detection of ecological change and ultimately feed back into EBFM processes.

AUVs are //comparatively// better at exploring fish habitats than conventional methods
Patterson ’10, Expedition Leader- Bonaire “AUVs: Marine Science's Newest Tool”, NOAA, [] Henry Stommel, an eminent oceanographer from Woods Hole… and video imagery available in Google Earth for public use.