EstradaThoda

=__Affirmative__=

First, Nano Development in Mexico is on the rise – it~’s unregulated and risks spinning out of control
MEXICO CITY, Mar 12 (Tierramérica).- Nanotechnology, which is currently unregulated in AND is used in electronic components, cosmetics and packaging, among other products.
 * Inter Press Service 12** —(Tierramérica, "MEXICO: Scientists Call For Regulation of Nanotechnology," 03/12/2012, http://www.tierramerica.info/nota.php?lang=eng%26idnews=3920%26olt=568, AC)

And, haphazard development risks spilling over – Latin America is a potential hotbed for Nanotech, but lack of controls or vision risks disaster
At the beginning of 2002, all nanotechnology-related research became an area of AND but it is worth mentioning some of the efforts made in this regard.
 * Foladori and Lau 7** —(ReLANS coordinators, Doctoral Program in Development Studies Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas Zacatecas, México, "Nanotechnologies in Latin America," pg online @ [] //um-ef)

This Causes Toxic Poisoning of the Environment
Environmental Damage. MNT was originally perceived as a potential cure-all for a AND from the nanolitter itself or from toxic elements attached to those nanoparticles.26
 * Vandermolen 6 —** (LCDR Thomas D. Vandermolen, USN (BS, Louisiana Tech University; MA, Naval War College), is officer in charge, Maritime Science and Technology Center, Yokosuka, Japan. He was previously assigned as a student at the Naval War College, Newport Naval Station, Rhode Island. He has also served as intelligence officer for Carrier Wing Five, Naval Air Facility, Atsugi, Japan, and in similar assignments with US Special Operations Command, US Forces Korea, and Sea Control Squadron THIRTY-FIVE, Naval Air Station, North Island, California. AIR %26 SPACE POWER JOUNRAL, Fall, 2006, "Molecular nanotechnology and national security," pg online @ [] //um-ef)

Extinction
Subquestion F: Environmental devastation by overproduction? Preliminary answer: It would be easy AND Several plausible disaster scenarios appear to pose existential threats to the human race.
 * CRN 4** —(Center for Responsible Nanotechnology, 4/19/04, "Disaster Scenarios", [] //nz)

Observation Two: Mexico
====First, Nanotech is a potential savior for the developing world, but current nanotech policies avoid places like Latin America - despite substantial market opportunity, businesses refuse to invest—we link turn your k==== The market opportunity is substantial. Nanotechnology has been incorporated into billions of dollars worth AND for people in both rich and poor nations and at relatively low cost."
 * Wilson Center 7** —(Woodrow Wilson Internatonal Center for scholars "The promise of Nanotechnology" may 2007 pg online @ [] //um-ef)

This is specifically true in Latin America
There has been little coverage in the international media about the development of nanotechnologies in AND nanotechnology programs and is completely ignored in the policy rationale behind their implementation.
 * Foladori and Lau 2k7—** (ReLANS coordinators, Doctoral Program in Development Studies Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas Zacatecas, México, "Nanotechnologies in Latin America," pg online @ [] //um-ef)

Collaboration is key – only way to ensure Pro-Poor Research
Perhaps the most basic barrier to conducting nanotechnology research is equipment costs. One way AND address the social problems facing the developing world (pro-poor research).
 * Lodwick et al 7** —(T. Lodwick*, R. Rodrigues**, R. Sandler***, W.D. Kay * Nanotechnology and Society Research Group (NSRG), Northeastern University **Santa Clara University, School of Law,** *NSRG, Department of Philosophy and Religion, Northeastern University, NSRG, Deapartment of Political Science, Northeastern University, "nanotechnology and the global poor: the united states policy and international collaborations" pg online @ [], AC)

And, Nanotech in Latin America is critical – Saves thousands of lives and provides the best laboratories for development of disease prevention techniques
Scientists say nanotechnology, which involves some of the smallest things on earth, could AND as well as consumers, such as those taking nano-based medicines.
 * VOA News 9** — ("Nanotechnology Could Improve Health Care in Developing Countries," pg online @ http://www.voanews.com/articleprintview/347615.html //um-ef)

And, Disease spread causes extinction
A pandemic will kill off all humans. In the past, humans have indeed AND could only infect birds — into a human-viable strain (10).
 * Yu 2k9** —(5/22, Victoria, Dartmouth Undergraduate Journal of Science, "Human extinction: the uncertainty of our fate", http://dujs.dartmouth.edu/spring-2009/human-extinction-the-uncertainty-of-our-fate)

Nanotech solves disease—reject generic defense—quantum dots sidestep conventional disease prevention
Nanotechnology offers a range of potential benefits for developing countries. Nanometre-sized quantum AND of these activities, of course, also hold promise for economic development.
 * Court et al 04—** (E. Court*, A. Daar**, E. Martin***, T. Acharya, P. Singer* *University of Toronto Joint Center for Bioethics, Canada **McLaughlin Centre for Molecular Medicine and Departments of Public Health Sciences and Surgery, University of Toronto; University of Toronto Joint Center for Bioethics, Canada** *University of Toronto Joint Center for Bioethics, Canada University of Toronto Joint Center for Bioethics, Canada * University of Toronto Joint Center for Bioethics, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada, "Will Prince Charles et al diminish the opportunities of developing countries in nanotechnology?", 01/28/2004, []//VS)

Mexico is key – Provides a Nano Model for Developing Countries
As one of the handful of countries pursuing nanotechnology development in Latin America, ¶ AND existing analytical capacity to implement appropriate reflexive and ¶ above all social assessments.
 * Lau 08**— Researcher of the Latin American Nanotechnology %26 Society Network ¶ (ReLANS); PhD. ¶ Candidate in Development Studies at the Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas (Edgar Zayago, "Nanotechnology may be more useful for Mexican society", 2008, []//VS)

Latin American water scarcity is coming to a head now – climate change, urbanization, lack of infrastructure, untreated waste water
A water-rich region, Latin America is home to nearly 31% of AND also causes billions to be lost in potential tourism and real estate revenues.
 * World Bank 13** – ("World Water Day: Latin America leads in water management but inequalities in access remain", World Bank, 3/22/13, http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2013/03/22/world-water-day-latin-america-achievements-challenges)//BD

A HISTORIC water crisis is coming – Mexico will be unable to fulfill their treaty obligations, causing a diplomatic and relations disaster
Rio Grande Valley irrigation manager Jo Jo White remembers clearly how ugly things got about AND its responsibilities, and I hope they are skillfully applied," he said.
 * Brezosky 3/9** —("Water shortage in Valley again fuels tensions with Mexico," pg online @ http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/environment/article/Water-shortage-in-Valley-again-fuels-tensions-4342747.php //um-ef)

And, that collapses cooperation, causes U.S. backlash and sparks resource wars and refugee crisis
Another possibility is that global environmental damage might increase the gap between rich and poor AND from war and rebellion to trade disputes—and undermining possibilities for cooperation.
 * Homer-Dixon 98** —(Thomas, Assistant Professor of Political Science and Director of the Peace and Conflict Studies Programme – University of Toronto, World Security Challenges for a New Century, p. 342-343)

Independently these water shortages causes extinction
Perhaps the most devastating analysis of the global water crisis comes from hydrological engineer Michal AND vast territories, massive continental desertification and, eventually, "global collapse."
 * Marlow 01** (Maude, Spring) National Chairperson of the Council of Canadians and IFG Committee on the Globalization of Water. "BLUE GOLD: The Global Water Crisis and the Commodification of the World~’s Water Supply," http://www.ratical.org/co-globalize/BlueGold.pdf.

And, Mexico Nano is key – they have the resources, the technology base and are a CRITICAL global model for water treatment and desal tech
4. COMPETITIVE AREAS OF MEXICO IN NANOTECHNOLOGY The most important advantages for investing and AND and c) to encourage students mobility throughout Mexico and to the EU.
 * Nanoforumeula 13** (NanoforumEULA is a project funded by the European Commission as a part of the ¶ Sixth Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development., "Sector Diagnosis of Nanotechnology in Mexico," pg online @ http://www.utwente.nl/mesaplus/nanoforumeula/nanotechnology%20in%20Mexico/nanoforumeula_sector_diagnosis.pdf //um-ef)

First, U.S. Tech Leadership is collapsing and that~’s an existential risk
Taken together, there is no direct evidence that the US has been overtaken in AND US technical leadership will require a dedicated and coordinated effort throughout the society.
 * Dr. Hummell et al 12** — (Robert Hummel, PhD1,*, Policy Research Division, Potomac Institute for Policy Studies,, Patrick Cheetham1, Justin Rossi1, Synesis: A Journal of Science, Technology, Ethics, and Policy 2012 "US Science and Technology Leadership, and Technology Grand Challenges," pg online @ [] //um-ef)

And, Locking-in Tech leadership reduces conflict
Goldstein 7— Avery Goldstein, David M. Knott Professor of Global Politics and AND Subscribing Institutions via Taylor %26 Francis Online, p. 647-648) Two closely related, though distinct, theoretical arguments focus explicitly on the consequences for AND realize the transition to a new international order whose contours it will define.

Unfortunately, Funding cuts have hampered USAIDS efforts in technological assistance—greater funding is necessary to utilize USAID~’s unique leadership
USAID USAID plays a significant role in integrating the products of S%26T to AND under the auspices of an S%26T cooperation agreement negotiated by OES.
 * Miotke 8 –** subcommittee on research and science education, committee on science and technology, House of Representatives, 110 Congress, Foreign Service Officer, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Science, Space, and Health (Jeff, "International Science and Technology Cooperation," Government Printing Office, 4/2/2008, [])//RH

And, Assistance in the form of technological cooperation in nanotech enhances US global technology leadership
In coming years, global S%26T cooperation will open a wide range of AND other criminal activities that threaten our national security and domestic peace and prosperity.
 * Mendis 4**—[Dr. Patrick Mendis adjunct associate professor of economics and management at the UMUC Graduate School of Management and Technology at the University of Maryland "Science, Technology, And Intellectual Property Rights In American Foreign Policy". Journal of Technology Law %26 Policy.Vol 9 June 2004 Issue 1.[]]

Nanotech development assistance paves the way for regulatory frameworks and commerce
However, the greatest potential for a broad initiative rests with the main foreign aid AND , USAID~’s biotechnology experience provides a sound model for infusing nanotechnology into development.
 * Lodwick et al 7** (T. Lodwick*, R. Rodrigues**, R. Sandler***, W.D. Kay * Nanotechnology and Society Research Group (NSRG), Northeastern University **Santa Clara University, School of Law,** *NSRG, Department of Philosophy and Religion, Northeastern University, NSRG, Deapartment of Political Science, Northeastern University, "nanotechnology and the global poor: the united states policy and international collaborations" pg online @ http://www.nsti.org/procs/Nanotech2007v1/8/T81.501 //um-ef)

US nanotech leadership ensures international regulation, resulting in controlled military nanotech
MOLECULAR NANOTECHNOLOGY (MNT), when fully developed, will provide the basis for the AND encountered; the control strategy must therefore be ready before that day arrives.
 * Vandermolen 6** —(LCDR Thomas D. Vandermolen, USN (BS, Louisiana Tech University; MA, Naval War College), is officer in charge, Maritime Science and Technology Center, Yokosuka, Japan. He was previously assigned as a student at the Naval War College, Newport Naval Station, Rhode Island. He has also served as intelligence officer for Carrier Wing Five, Naval Air Facility, Atsugi, Japan, and in similar assignments with US Special Operations Command, US Forces Korea, and Sea Control Squadron THIRTY-FIVE, Air %26 Space Power Jounral, "Molecular nanotechnology and national security, pg online @ [] //um-ef)

Unregulated development of nanotech risks a new arms race – increases the probability of miscalc
The greatest danger coincides with the emergence of these powerful technologies: A quickening succession AND through strength" puts us on a course toward the next world war.
 * Gubrud 97** — (Mark Avrum Gubrud, a research associate, Center for Superconductivity Research (University of Maryland, College Park), is ~’~’a physicist, writer and social activist, November 1997, [], "Nanotechnology and International Security")

US action and model is key to cooperation and transparency
It is predicted that nanotechnology (NT) will bring revolutionary changes in many areas AND NT activities provide an important precedent, they will be briefly described here.
 * Altmann 4** — (Jurgen, Phd. physics doctoral dissertation on laser radar (University of Hamburg, Germany, since 1985 he has studied scientific-technical problems of disarmament, first concerning high-energy laser weapons, founded the Bochum Verification Project (Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany) that does research into the potential of automatic sensor systems for co-operative verification of disarmament and peace agreements. In recent years, he has studied military uses of, first, microsystems technologies and then nanotechnology, with a view towards preventive arms control (both at University of Dortmund, Germany). University of Dortmund). cofounder of the German Research Association Science, Disarmament and International Security FONAS, and currently is a deputy speaker of the Committee Physics and Disarmament of the German Physical Society, military uses of nanotechnology: perspectives and concerns, security dialogue, vol 35, pg online @ [] )

And, independently that Transparency will be critical to build confidence and avert miscalc
The potential for mistrust is expected to be particularly high in areas where revolutionary changes AND without legally binding agreement with stringent verification covering military NT R%26D.
 * Altmann 4—** (Jurgen, Phd. physics doctoral dissertation on laser radar (University of Hamburg, Germany, since 1985 he has studied scientific-technical problems of disarmament, first concerning high-energy laser weapons, founded the Bochum Verification Project (Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany) that does research into the potential of automatic sensor systems for co-operative verification of disarmament and peace agreements. In recent years, he has studied military uses of, first, microsystems technologies and then nanotechnology, with a view towards preventive arms control (both at University of Dortmund, Germany). University of Dortmund). cofounder of the German Research Association Science, Disarmament and International Security FONAS, and currently is a deputy speaker of the Committee Physics and Disarmament of the German Physical Society, military uses of nanotechnology: perspectives and concerns, security dialogue, vol 35, pg online @ [] )

And, the plan is a long-term engagement strategy that provides a platform for S%26T leadership and U.S. Science Diplomacy
As this paper has elaborated, U.S. decisions to enter into S AND realities of limited resources—are ambitious enough to foster meaningful international partnerships.
 * Dolan 12** — (Bridget M. Dolan, "Science and Technology Agreements as Tools for Science Diplomacy: A U.S. Case Study," Science %26 Diplomacy, Vol. 1, No. 4 (December 2012), pg online @ http://www.sciencediplomacy.org/files/science_and_technology_agreements_as_tools_for_science_diplomacy_science__diplomacy.pdf //um-ef)

And, that solves every disad impact
Chairman Baird, Ranking Member Ehlers, and distinguished members of the Subcommittee, thank AND a means to enhance security, increase global partnerships, and create sustainability.
 * Fedoroff 8** – subcommittee on research and science education, committee on science and technology, House of Representatives, 110 Congress, administrator of USAID, science and technology advisor to the Secretary of State and US Department of State (Nina, "International Science and Technology Cooperation," Government Printing Office, 4/2/2008, [])//RH

__2AC Add-Ons Read__ (to be updated during tournament)
=__Negative__=

__Round 1__
Mexico renewables -- Relations, Warming 1NC: PTX, T - Govtogov, Mexico states CP, grid DA, Imperialism k, case 2NC/1NR: Grid DA, imperialism turns, PTX, case 2NR: PTX and Case

__Round 4__
Nanotech 1NC: T-Govtogov, PTX, iaea cp, imperialism k, oil da, case 2NC/1NR: T, case // ptx 2NR: T

__Round 6__
Nanotech 1NC: T-Govtogov, PTX, iaea cp, imperialism k, oil da, case 2NC/1NR: OIl DA, Case // ptx 2NR: PTX, No ! brain drain