1ac+-+CTE+-+BVSW


 * 1ac - cte **


 * 1ac – state budgets **

Advantage 1 is state budgets—

State budget shortfalls slow economic growth and ensure they lack sufficient revenue to fund pensions Turn away from the lurid deficit spectacles in Washington to examine the declining state of AND a firm arguing for tougher standards "may be disqualified from further consideration."
 * Donlan 17 ** [Thomas G. Donlan, editor at Barron's, "There's a Hole in State Pensions," Feb 11, 2017, http://www.barrons.com/articles/theres-a-hole-in-state-pensions-1486794298]

Left unchecked, state pensions will be the next subprime mortgage crisis —- investors are already downgrading state credit In late 2006, Aaron Krowne, a computer scientist and mathematician, started a AND that shield their portfolios? Or will it be none of the above?
 * Booth 17 ** [Danielle DiMartino Booth, President of MoneyStrong, former Federal Reserve insider, March 24, 2017, "Pension Crisis Too Big for Markets to Ignore," Bloomberg, https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2017-03-24/pension-crisis-too-big-for-markets-to-ignore]

That collapses the US economy <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">I'm not a fan of the "greed is good" mentality of Wall Street <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">AND <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">need Social Security, even in an imperfect form, well beyond 2034?
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Reeves 3/24 **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> [Jeff Reeves is a stock analyst and executive editor of InvestorPlace.com. His commentary has also appeared on CNBC, Fox Business, USA Today, and the Wall Street Journal network, "Your pension could be at the center of America's next financial crisis," March 24, 2017, http://thehill.com/blogs/pundits-blog/finance/325564-the-pension-crisis-will-be-americas-next-financial-crisis]

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">The impact is diversionary war <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">If the U.S. economy tanks, should we expect Donald Trump to <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">AND <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">ramifications of an economic downturn with a President Trump in the White House.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Foster 12/19 [Dennis M. **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">, professor of international studies and political science at the Virginia Military Institute, 12/19/16, "Would President Trump go to war to divert attention from problems at home?," http://inhomelandsecurity.com/would-president-trump-go-to-war-to-divert-attention-from-problems-at-home]

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">It goes nuclear and causes extinction <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Donald Trump's arrival in the White House as US President has deeply unnerved people from <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">AND <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">to widespread anger, confusion and unrest, both at home and abroad.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Street 16 **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> [Tim, fellow of the Sustainable Security Programme at the Oxford Research Group, previously researcher with the British American Security Information Council, Ph.D. from Warwick University, 11/30/16, "President Trump: Successor to the Nuclear Throne," http://www.oxfordresearchgroup.org.uk/publications/briefing_papers_and_reports/president_trump_successor_nuclear_throne]

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Federal CTE funding critical to avoid impending budget crisis and stimulate economic growth <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The National Governors Association (NGA) doesn't often wade into debates over federal appropriations <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">AND <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">to ensure students are prepared for a 21st century economy," NGA said.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">CCD 17 **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">, [Published by the American Association of Community Colleges, 6-23-2017, "Governors support CTE, job-training funding – Community College Daily," Community College Daily, http://www.ccdaily.com/2017/05/governors-support-cte-job-training-funding/]

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">CTE stimulates economic growth through a staggering multiplier effect and rescues state budgets <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">For every dollar Wisconsin taxpayers invest in their technical college system, they get back <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">AND <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">. "We have been very fortunate and very pleased with their performance."
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Ogul 17 – **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">writer for Orlando Sentinel (David, "How to improve a state economy through technical education", 2/17/17, Orlando Sentinel, http://www.orlandosentinel.com/brandpublishing/forstudentsnotprofit/os-how-to-improve-a-state-economy-20170217-story.html//GHS-AK)

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">States increasing funding on their own would run afoul of balanced-budget requirements and further downgrade their creditworthiness —- only increasing federal block grant spending can solve fiscal shortfalls <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Politicians generally benefit both from cutting taxes and from increasing spending on popular programs. <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">AND <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">balanced budget constraint itself, thereby reducing its potential to provide countercyclical support.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Gamage 10 **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> [David Gamage, Assistant Professor, University of California, Berkeley, School of Law (Boalt Hall), "Preventing State Budget Crises: Managing the Fiscal Volatility Problem," California Law Review, 98 Calif. L. Rev. 749, June, 2010, lexis]

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Federal stimulus key to kickstart growth —- fiscal policy has more leverage than monetary policy <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Global economic growth is sluggish, to say the least. The low-growth <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">AND <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">, Srivastava said such stimulus is being treated as "a last resort."
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Bryan 16 **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> [Bob, Business Insider, "Only one thing that can jumpstart the global economy right now — but no government is willing to do it," Feb 22, 2016, http://www.businessinsider.com/fiscal-stimulus-could-jumpstart-economy-2016-2http://www.businessinsider.com/fiscal-stimulus-could-jumpstart-economy-2016-2]


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">1ac – competitiveness **

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Advantage 2 is competitiveness—

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Skill gaps and a declining middle class threaten American competiveness – CTE programs are crucial to a productive workforce <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Miner 16 (Andrew Miner is a former intern with the Education Policy team at the Center for American Progress., October 11^^th^^, 2016, "Rebuilding the High School to Middle Class Pipeline", https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/education/news/2016/10/11/145341/rebuilding-the-high-school-to-middle-class-pipeline/, nassal) <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">In December of 2014, The Washington Post reported on the decline of manufacturing in <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">AND <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">of them include mentoring, an open and inclusive program, and paid internships

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Skills training collaboration between public education and the private sector produces a skilled workforce that revitalizes manufacturing and tech innovation <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">HUMAN CAPITAL EXAMPLE Rethinking Skills and Worker Training Even the most enlightened immigration scheme for <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">AND <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">skilled-employment needs and then linking its educational system to that trajectory.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Atlantic Council 17 **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> [The Atlantic Council is a nonpartisan organization that promotes constructive US leadership and engagement in international affairs, Keeping America's Innovative Edge, April 2017, director of the Atlantic Council's Foresight, Strategy, and Risks Initiative in the Brent Scowcroft Center on International Security, http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/images/publications/Keeping_Americas_Innovative_Edge_web_0404.pdf]

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Slow growth now- strong CTE is key to American economy <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Sadly, America's young people are woefully unprepared to meet the demands of an increasingly <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">AND <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-class track rather than as an alternative pathway remains a real concern.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Litow and Suh 15 **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">, Litow vice president, corporate citizenship and corporate affairs, and president, IBM international. (Grace Suh, Stanley, October 2015 "TRANSFORMING HIGH SCHOOL AND ADDRESSING THE CHALLENGE OF AMERICA'S COMPETITIVENESS" https://www.ibm.com/blogs/citizen-ibm/wp-content/uploads/Transforming-High-School-and-Addressing-the-Challenge-of-Americas-Competitiveness.pdf)//eliben

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Crumbling infrastructure and education destroys the foundations for power projection —- accelerating the pace of growth is key <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">US key to global economy – solves democracy, WMD prolif, warming, trade, cyber, disease, and war <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Richard N. **Haass 13**, President of the Council on Foreign Relations, 4/30/13, "The World Without America," http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/repairing-the-roots-of-american-power-by-richard-n—haass <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Let me posit a radical idea: The most critical threat facing the United States <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">AND <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">just for Americans, but for the vast majority of the planet's inhabitants.

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Competitiveness is key to hegemony <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Elbridge Colby, 7/3/2014, Foreign Policy, "Have we hit peak America?", http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2014/07/03/have_we_hit_peak_america, 8/4/2015, <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">FOR THE FIRST TIME IN 200 YEARS, MOST GROWTH IS OCCURRING IN THE DEVELOPING <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">AND <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">guided munitions and thus threaten U.S. power-projection capabilities.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Colby 14 **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> - Robert M. Gates Senior Fellow at the Center for a New American Security, Policy Advisor to the Secretary of Defense's Representative for the new Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, graduated from Harvard, J.D. from Yale, term member of the Council on Foreign Relations, member of the International Institute of Strategic Studies

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Heg deters conflict- collapse causes great power war- maintaining economic power is crucial to global order <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Think of two significant trend lines in the world today. One is the increasing <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">AND <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">and the Pacific — has also had to remain relatively healthy and confident.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Kagan **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> 2-6-**17** (Robert, senior fellow with the Project on International Order and Strategy in the Foreign Policy program at Brookings. Author of the world America Made "Backing Into World War III" http://foreignpolicy.com/2017/02/06/backing-into-world-war-iii-russia-china-trump-obama/) mba-alb

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Independently, competitive US manufacturing crucial to avoid supply chain shocks that threaten societal collapse from disease, food shortages, or environmental disasters <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Worryingly, there's been very little consideration of how systemic collapses can happen in <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">AND <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">to a societal collapse, the better chance we have of avoiding collapse.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Stoller 11 **<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> [Matt, The Nation, "How America Could Collapse," July 27, 2011, https://www.thenation.com/article/how-america-could-collapse/]