Spencer+Roetlin+and+Simone+Schwartz-Lombard

=//__1AC --- Border Surveillance__//=
 * //Contention one is the dual market//**

A Brief Overview of U.S. Border Fortification In 1993, AND other federal criminal law-enforcement agencies combined, its total spending estimated at over $18 billion a year.
 * //Border surveillance creates perceived danger for migrants --- that promotes permanent residence in the US//**
 * //Dowler 13//** //– PhD in Anthropology at Boston University (Calynn, “DIVIDING THE SKY: THE FORTIFICATION OF THE U.S.-MEXICO BORDER,” The Migrationist, http://themigrationist.net/2013/05/24/dividing-the-sky-the-fortification-of-the-u-s-mexico-border/)//BB

//**__Permanent__ migration collapses wages --- the plan eliminates the dual labor market and causes a __resource shift__ to enforcement of labor laws**// //**Johnson 3**– JD at Harvard, Associate Dean for Academic Affairs, University of California at Davis, Professor of Law and Chicana/o Studies; Director, Chicana/o Studies Program// //(Kevin, “LAW AND THE BORDER: Open Borders?,” 51 UCLA L. Rev. 193, Lexis)BB// // Moreover, beyond its dubious morality, the use of law to assist in the // // AND // // of immigration status, open borders would further national labor policy. //

When it comes to U.S. economic growth, wages may never have been this important AND refinancing reached a peak of $99 billion in the second quarter of 2006.
 * //Wage depression collapses the US economy//**
 * //Stilwell 15//** //– Reporter at Bloomberg Business (Victoria, “Wages Haven’t Been This Crucial to U.S. Economy in Half Century,” http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-03-20/wages-haven-t-been-this-crucial-to-u-s-economy-in-half-century)//BB

//**The multiplier effect is significant**// //**da Costa 15**– MA in IR at UC-San Diego, Federal Reserve and Economics Reporter at The Wall Street Journal (Pedro, “How Higher Wages Can Be Boon Rather Than Cost to Business,” http://blogs.wsj.com/economics/2015/01/13/how-higher-wages-can-be-boon-rather-than-cost-to-business/)BB// // Better-paid workers are healthier and more productive// // AND // hourly earnings were up 1.7% in December from a year earlier, barely ahead of inflatio//n.//

The U.S. is back in the// driver’s seat //of the global economy after 15 years of watching AND columnist and former chairman of Goldman Sachs Asset Management International.
 * //US economic decline goes global, wage growth is key and BRIC countries can’t fill in//**
 * //Miller 15//** //– Bloomberg reporter (Rich, “U.S. Retakes the Helm of the Global Economy,” Bloomberg, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-01-09/u-s-retakes-the-helm-of-the-global-economy)//BB

//**Economic decline causes war**// //**Auslin 9 –** (Michael, Resident Scholar – American Enterprise Institute, and Desmond Lachman – Resident Fellow – American Enterprise Institute, “The Global Economy Unravels”, Forbes, 3-6, http://www.aei.org/article/100187) // // What do these trends mean in the short and medium term? The Great Depression showed // // AND // //__a series of small explosions that coalesce into a__ big bang. //

//**We have strong statistical evidence**// //**Royal 10**— Jedidiah Royal, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, M.Phil. Candidate at the University of New South Wales, 2010 (“Economic Integration, Economic Signalling and the Problem of Economic Crises,” Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, Edited by Ben Goldsmith and Jurgen Brauer, Published by Emerald Group Publishing, ISBN 0857240048, p. 213-215)// // Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the// //AND// // the view presented here should be considered ancillary to those views. //

//**Contention two is cartels**//

//**US-Mexico border enforcement drives immigrants to smugglers --- this generates significant profit for violent cartels**// //**Nowraseteh 14**– MS at London School of Economics, immigration policy analyst at the Cato Institute’s Center for Global Liberty and Prosperity (Alex, “Immigration Enforcement Aids Smugglers – Unaccompanied Children Edition,” http://www.cato.org/blog/immigration-enforcement-aids-smugglers-unaccompanied-children-edition)BB// // The increase of human smugglers transporting unauthorized // // AND // // of larger and more effective border enforcement. //

The cartel war currently underway in Mexico has forced AND each year, cartels will be willing to take them, for a ∂ price.
 * //Limiting smuggling revenue solves cartel violence//**
 * //Martin 11//** //– Technical Analyst at Stratford (Colby, “Re: FORCOMMENT- Cartels and Human Smuggling/Trafficking,” published on wikileaks, https://wikileaks.org/gifiles/docs/49/4971351_re-forcomment-cartels-and-human-smuggling-trafficking-.html)//BB

//**Independently, US border surveillance causes cartel competition over trafficking routes --- the impact is escalating violence**// //**Barry 11**– Senior Policy Analyst at CIP, authored or co-authored more than twenty books on Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, food aid, the United Nations, free trade and U.S. foreign policy (Tom, “Policy on the Edge: Failures of Border Security and New Directions for Border Control,” Center for Int’l Policy, http://www.ciponline.org/research/html/failures-of-border-security-and-new-directions-for-border-control)BB// // The exact correlation and configuration of forces responsible for the drug- // // AND // // struggle to maintain markets and trafficking corridors. //

// Over the past few decades, violence in Mexico has reached horrific levels ////, // // AND // // Quite simply, every available strategic option would be disastrous. //
 * //Cartel violence causes Mexican collapse and US military response//**
 * //Metz 14//** //- Defense Analyst and author of "Iraq and the Evolution of American Strategy" (Stephen, “Strategic Horizons: All Options Bad If Mexico's Drug Violence Expands to U.S.,” February 19, www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/13576/strategic-horizons-all-options-bad-if-mexico-s-drug-violence-expands-to-u-s)//

// While answering a question on Mexico this week at the Council on Foreign Relations, U.S. Secretary of State // // AND // // learned about insurgencies to stop this one from getting out of control. //
 * //That undermines US power projection//**
 * //Haddick 10//** //– Managing Editor of the Small Wars Journal (Robert, This Week at War: If Mexico Is at War, Does America Have to Win It?, Sept 10, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/09/10/this_week_at_war_if_mexico_is_at_war_does_america_have_to_win_it)//

// Still, China’s relative rise and the United States’ relative decline carries significant risks, // // AND // // will only further dampen the prospects for effective global governance. //
 * //Heg prevents great-power war//**
 * //Keck 14//** //– the Assistant Editor at The Diplomat, a researcher at the Middle East Desk at Wikistrat, and an M.A. candidate in the Department of Public and International Affairs at George Mason University, a foreign policy reporter at the Washington, D.C. edition of Examiner.com, a Joseph S. Nye, Jr. National Security Research Intern at the Center for a New American Security, a Research Assistant at the Center for Research, Regional Education and Outreach, (Zach, “America’s Relative Decline: Should We Panic? The end of the unipolar era will create new dangers that the world mustn’t overlook,” 1-24-14, [] )//


 * //The United States federal government should substantially curtail its domestic immigration surveillance at the US-Mexico border.//**


 * //Solvency//**

B. Immigration Enforcement as Immigration Surveillance These four sets of migration and mobility \ AND in Congress would significantly build upon these recent expansions. 168
 * //Border surveillance is increasing --- it’s the heart of immigration enforcement//**
 * //Kalhan 14//** //– Associate Professor of Law, Drexel University. A.B., Brown University; M.P.P.M., Yale School of Management; J.D., Yale Law School (Anil, “IMMIGRATION SURVEILLANCE,” 74 Md. L. Rev. 1)//BB

// The Unintended Consequences of Border Enforcement While enforcement-only border policies// //AND// //workers for lower wages// //, as well, in order to benefit from the same cost savings //// .16 //
 * Immigration surveillance is an __outright failure__ at deterring entry --- but it does shape migration patterns --- this sustains __cartel revenue__ and creates a dual labor market that __depresses US wages__**
 * Hinojosa-Ojeda 13**– ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, CHICANA AND CHICANO STUDIES (Raul, “THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF IMMIGRATION ENFORCEMENT,” Baker Institute)//BB//

I have traveled the artificial line between our two countries with AND and humane solutions to the problems and conflicts plaguing our two countries.
 * //Opening the borders solves//**
 * //Laufer 4//** //– Ph.D. in Cultural Studies from Leeds Metropolitan University Faculty of Arts and Society in England, Professor @ Oregon (Peter, “Wetback nation: The case for opening the Mexican-American border,” p. xv-xix)//BB

// MUDDLING OF IMMIGRANTS AND TERRORISTS In his book The Closing of the American Border, Edward Alden noted // //AND// //also avoid the harsh conditions and the pervasive crime of the southwestern border// //. //
 * The Department of Homeland Security’s border control operations directly negatively impact its anti-terror capabilities**
 * Barry 11**– Senior Policy Analyst @ CIP, authored or co-authored more than twenty books on Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, food aid, the United Nations, free trade and U.S. foreign policy (Tom, “Policy on the Edge: Failures of Border Security and New Directions for Border Control,” Center for Int’l Policy, http://www.ciponline.org/research/html/failures-of-border-security-and-new-directions-for-border-control)//BB//

// This study aimed to document the prevalence of and ways in which // // AND // //permanent residents, and their nonimmigrant US citizen co-ethnics.//
 * //The current militarized border __reeks of racial violence__ --- minorities are __besieged__ by the __coercion__ of the military-industrial complex --- only the plan alleviates these __concrete instances__ of oppression//**
 * //Sabo et al 14//** //(Samantha, Susan Shaw, Maia Ingram, Nicolette Teurel-Shone, Scott Carvajal, Jill Guernsey de Zapien, Cecilia Rosales, Flor Redondo, Gina Garcia, Raquel Rubio-Goldsmith Director of Transborder Initiatives University of Arizona, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Arizona Prevention Research Center, United States “Everyday violence, structural racism and mistreatment at the US-Mexico border” azprc.arizona.edu/sites/default/files/pdf/Everyday%20Violence%20-%20Sabo_0.pdf, cayla_)//

=//__1AC ---__// //__Agamben__//= //**The security state bred from illogical interventionism has resulted in a __permanent__ state of exception in which massive amounts of people are reduced to __disposability__**// //**VAN MUNSTER**, 5/28/**2014** – Senior Researcher at the Danish Institute for International Studies (DIIS) and teaches security studies at the Department of Political Science, University of Southern Denmark (Rens, “The War on Terrorism: When the Exception Becomes the Rule”, Danish Institute for International Studies, p. 141)roetlin// // ABSTRACT. This article argues that the semiotics of the war on terrorism // //AND// // life to biographic risk profiles. //

//**This universal state of exception becomes __normalized__ through __surveillance__ and exposes us all to the constant potentiality of violence**// //**DOUGLAS**, independent scholar, **2009** – (Jeremy, “Disappearing Citizenship: surveillance and the state of exception”, published in Surveillance & Society Vol 6, No 1, p. 33-34 http://library.queensu.ca/ojs/index.php/surveillance-and-society/article/view/3402/3365)roetlin// // This type of structure, which allows for an unseen seer to watch over individuals occupying a given territory, is nothing new – in fact, such surveillance structures have been recorded from as far back as the Early Bronze Age (3000-2650 BC) (ibid, 78-85). However, these earlier surveillance systems were used // //AND// // biopolitical tactics are what primarily distinguish governmentality from sovereignty. //

//There has been an attempt// // the last few years to convince us to accept//// as the humane // // AND // //registration of a good citizen in the state’s gears and mechanisms. That’s why// //// we must oppose it //// //.//
 * //Biopolitical electronic surveillance and information collecting systems are at the forefront of sovereign violence//**
 * //AGAMBEN,//** //1/10/**2004** – professor of philosophy at the College International de Philosophie in Paris (Giorgio, “No to Bio-Political Tattooing”, published in Le Monde, a French evening newspaper)//roetlin//

//**Those forms of biopolitical control generate the groundwork for __racism__ and __eugenics__ --- these invisible violences outweigh any purported benefits**// //**VAN MUNSTER**, 5/28/**2014** – Senior Researcher at the Danish Institute for International Studies (DIIS) and teaches security studies at the Department of Political Science, University of Southern Denmark (Rens, “The War on Terrorism: When the Exception Becomes the Rule”, Danish Institute for International Studies, p. 144-146)roetlin// // Taking his cue from Michel Foucault, Agamben // //AND// // hand and reduce political subjects to the naked life of homo sacer. //

//**Racism is not external to biopolitics, it is a necessary component of today’s hypocritical order --- biopower is the __enabling precondition__ that allows for racism to be inscribed and codified in the law --- this saturates civil society with violence, making war structurally inevitable --- peace is impossible until the enemy is __annihilated__**// //**MENDIETA**, 4/25/**2002** – associate professor of Philosophy at Stony Brook University (Eduardo, “‘To make live and to let die’ –Foucault on Racism”, American Psychological Association Central Division Meeting, p. 7-8)roetlin// // This is where racism intervenes, not from without, exogenously, but // //AND// // as a continuum of the living, then these threat and foes are biological in nature. //

//**The United States federal government should substantially curtail its domestic surveillance.**//

//**__Piecemeal resistance__ should be your goal --- agambens arguments lay a groundwork for what’s __wrong__ with the status quo but aren’t helpful in determining __what to do__ about it --- simply using the state does not doom us**// //**Colatrella, 09** – (Steven, Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies, vol.9. no.1 Nothing Exceptional: Against Agamben, University of Maryland University College, Europe, [])//Tina Conclusion:State Transformation without State of ExceptionIn failing AND as they work out how to deal with conditions that Agamben has only interpreted for us. The point remains to change them.

//**View the debate through the lens of their method __always__ failing --- even if they prove legal resistance is ineffective sometimes it’s __comparatively more likely__ to create change**// //**CINNEIDE, 08** Colm O’Cinneide, Senior Lecturer in Law, Faculty of Laws, University College London Controlling the ‘Gorgon’ of state power in the state of exception: a reply to Professor Tushnet Colm Cambridge journals ♥ Tina // // Are constitutional democracies therefore doomed to repeat a // //AND// // the ‘state of exception’ opened up by the invocation of emergency powers. //

//**__Resistance__ is both __possible__ and __essential__ --- their kritik is paternalistic and violent**// //**DELGADO 9**[Richard, self-appointed Minority scholar, Chair of Law at the University of Alabama Law School, J.D. from the University of California, Berkeley, his books have won eight national book prizes, including six Gustavus Myers awards for outstanding book on human rights in North America, the American Library Association’s Outstanding Academic Book, and a Pulitzer Prize nomination. Professor Delgado’s teaching and writing focus on race, the legal profession, and social change, 2009, “Does Critical Legal Studies Have What Minorities Want, Arguing about Law”, p. 588-590 ]// // 2. The CLS critique of piecemeal reform Critical scholars// //AND// // question of whether total change, when it comes, will be what we want. //

//**__Even if__ 1nc threats are real, unintended consequences and corrupt scholarship are reasons to ignore them**// //**PIETERSE, 7** [Jan Nederveen, professor of sociology at the University of Illinois, Review of International Political Economy, Vol. 14, No. 3, Aug., “Political and Economic Brinkmanship,” p. 473-4]// // Brinkmanship and producing instability carry several meanings. // //AND// // experts' advice and State Department warnings on the need for postwar planning (Packer, 2005; Lang, 2004). //

//**War is too chaotic to be controlled or avoided through __policymaking__**// //**FONT AND RÉGIS 2006** (Joan Pere Plaza i Font UAB – Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona – Spain Dandoy Régis UCL – University of Louvain – Belgium “Chaos Theory and its Application in Political Science” IPSA – AISP Congress Fukuoka, 9 – 13 July 2006 http://www.sciencespo.site.ulb.ac.be/dossiers_membres/dandoy-regis/fichiers/dandoy-regis-publication18.pdf)// // Betts (2000) observed a useful application of chaos to // //AND// // from predictability to chaos in deterministic mathematical system is possible. ////

=//__2NR's ---__//= //Psychoanalysis, Colorblindness, Wilderson, States Counterplan, Iran Politics, Terror DA//