Will+Bledsoe+and+Nathan+Paris

flat

=V1 ‘Murica=

First is growth –
a) The plan is key to growth - trust and perception Kehl 14 - Policy Analyst at New America’s Open Technology Institute, B.A. in History from Yale – Policy Analyst at New America’s Open Technology Institute (Danielle, “Surveillance Costs: The NSA’s Impact on the Economy, Internet Freedom & Cybersecurity” July, https://www.newamerica.org/oti/surveillance-costs-the-nsas-impact-on-the-economy-internet-freedom-cybersecurity/ “It is becoming clear that the post-9/11 surveillance apparatus may AND companies hoping to chip away at U.S. tech competiveness .58

b) Economic growth is key to heg – it’s an impact filter and resolves every major conflict
Haass 13 Richard N. Haass 13, President of the Council on Foreign Relations, 4/30/13, “The World Without America,” http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/repairing-the-roots-of-american-power-by-richard-n--haass Let me posit a radical idea: The most critical threat facing the U nited S tates AND just for Americans, but for the vast majority of the //planet// ’s inhabitants.

a) NSA overreach wrecks US smart power – trust and credibility
Donahoe 14 – US ambassador to the UN Human Rights Council - Eileen Donahoe served as U.S. ambassador to the United Nations Human Rights Council. She is a visiting scholar at Stanford University's Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies (“Why the NSA undermines national security” Reuters, 3/6, http://blogs.reuters.com/great-debate/2014/03/06/why-nsa-surveillance-undermines-national-security/ ∂ But this zero-sum framework ignores the significant damage that the NSA’s practices  AND  to regain the global trust and credibility so central to our national security.

b) Legitimacy is key to heg and effective multilat – independently solves great power war
Fujimoto 12 – Lt. Colonel, US Army (Kevin Fujimoto 12, Lt. Colonel, U.S. Army, January 11, 2012, "Preserving U.S. National Security Interests Through a Liberal World Construct," online: http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/index.cfm/articles/Preserving-US-National-Security-Interests-Liberal-World-Construct/2012/1/11) The emergence of peer competitors, not terrorism, presents the greatest long-term AND which threaten to serve as the principal catalysts of future global conflicts .11

The pursuit of hegemony is inevitable, sustainable, and solves nuclear war- decline causes lashout and global instability
Kagan- PhD in Diplomatic History- 14 – [Robert Kagan, PhD in American Diplomatic History from American University, Masters of Public Policy from Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government, Senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, 5-24-2014, New Republic, Superpowers Don't Get to Retire: What our tired country still owes the world, http://www.newrepublic.com/article/117859/allure-normalcy-what-america-still-owes-world] Jeong Today, however, Americans seem overwhelmed by the difficulty and complexity of it all AND //waiting in the wings to save the world if this democratic superpower falters.//

Only US heg solves- transition causes war- China can’t facilitate multilat
Keck 14 – the Assistant Editor at The Diplomat, a researcher at the Middle East Desk at Wikistrat, and an M.A. candidate in the Department of Public and International Affairs at George Mason University. Former Deputy Editor at e-International Relations; a foreign policy reporter at the Washington, D.C. edition of Examiner.com, a Joseph S. Nye, Jr. National Security Research Intern at the Center for a New American Security, a Research Assistant at the Center for Research, Regional Education and Outreach, (Zach, “America’s Relative Decline: Should We Panic? The end of the unipolar era will create new dangers that the world mustn’t overlook,” 1-24-14, http://thediplomat.com/2014/01/americas-relative-decline-should-we-panic/) Still, China’s relative rise and the United States’ relative decline carries significant risks, AND powers, this will only further dampen the prospects for effective global governance.

No disads- war is inevitable, but hegemony keeps it from escalating
Hoffman- Senior Research Fellow- 13 [Frank, Senior Research Fellow in the Center for Strategic Research, at the National Defense University, “PLATO WAS DEAD WRONG: EMBRACING OUR BETTER ANGELS?” 8/20] Steven Pinker, author of a chaotic book titled The Better Angels of Our Nature AND our allies in critical areas of the world, including Japan and Israel.

Advantage Two is Also America (Democracy)
====The US needs to draw a __sharp distinction__ between domestic and national security surveillance to make the US Internet Freedom agenda credible – otherwise __global internet fragmentation__ will result==== Fontaine 14 – President of the Center for a New American Security; was foreign policy advisor to Senator John McCain for more than five years; Worked at the State Department, the National Security Council and the Senate Foreign Relations Committee; was associate director for near Eastern affairs at the National Security Council; B.A. in International Relations from Tulan University (Richard, “Bringing Liberty Online; Reenergizing the Internet Freedom Agenda in a Post-Snowden Era”, Center for a New American Security, September 18, 2014, http://www.cnas.org/sites/default/files/publications-pdf/CNAS_BringingLibertyOnline_Fontaine.pdf)//TT ∂ The 2013 revelations of mass surveillance by the U.S. government transformed AND that EU officials said stemmed directly from worries after the Snowden disclosures.32

Data localization will end internet freedom – that’s key to freedom of expression
Hill 14 – Internet Policy at U.S. Department of Commerce (Jonah, “The Growth of Data Localization Post-Snowden: Analysis and Recommendations for U.S. Policymakers and Business Leaders”, The Hague Institute for Global Justice, Conference on the Future of Cyber Governance, 2014, May 1, 2014, SSRN)//TT ∂ Free Expression and Internet Freedoms Are Not Well Served ∂ Most troubling of all AND localization – namely, security for communications and economic development – are illusory. ∂

Internet freedom facilitates democratic transitions—extensive scholarship proves
Nisbet 12 et al 12 – PhD in communication, assistant professor at the School of Communication at The Ohio State University, research on public diplomacy, foreign policy, comparative democratization, and communication (Erik, “Internet Use and Democratic Demands: A Multinational, Multilevel Model of Internet Use and Citizen Attitudes About Democracy”, Journal of Communication, April 2012, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2012.01627.x/epdf)//DBI Moving from institutions to citizens, __an open question is whether greater Internet penetration and__ __AND__ Welzel, 2005; Mattes & Bratton, 2007; Welzel, 2007).

Democracy prevents global wars
Kagan 15 [Bob. Senior Fellow for Foreign Policy at Brookings. “Is Democracy in Decline? The Weight of Geopolitics” 1/25/15 http://www.brookings.edu/research/articles/2015/01/democracy-in-decline-weight-of-geopolitics-kagan ] Diamond and others have noted how important it was that these “ //global democratic norms// //AND// neighbors was //due to U.S. actions// after World War II.

It decreases the propensity for conflict – empirics prove
Hegre 14 Hegre, Peace and Conflict Research, 14 [Havard, Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University & Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO), Democracy and Armed Conflict, jpr.sagepub.com/content/early/2014/01/08/0022343313512852.full.pdf] Schloss ∂ The __interstate democratic peace has been studied at several ‘levels of analysis’__ ( AND  Gurses, 2007; Collier, Hoeffler & So¨derbom, 2008).

Executive Order 12333 authorizes foreign surveillance, but the NSA is using it to exploit loopholes to create __backdoor access__ for __wholly domestic__ communications
Arnbak and Goldberg 14- cybersecurity and information law research at the Institute for Information Law, LL.M degree from Leiden University, A Competitive Strategy and Game Theory degree from London School of Economics University of Amsterdam; Associate professor in the Computer Science Department at Boston University, phD from Princeton University, B.A.S.c from University of Toronto (Axel and Sharon, “Loopholes for Circumventing the Constitution: Warrantless Bulk Surveillance on Americans by Collecting the Network Traffic Abroad”, Working Paper, June 27, 2014)//TT// // ∂ Legal Loopholes. In Section 2 we start by describing the current U. // // AND // . soil// (e.g., from Harvard University to Boston University).

The plan is key to restoring domestic and international trust in surveillance
Eoyang and Bishai 3/19 – Director of the National Security Program at Third Way; Fellow at Thid Way - *Mieke Eoyang is the Director of the National Security Program at Third Way, a center-left think tank. She previously served as Defense Policy Advisor to Senator Edward M. Kennedy, and a subcommittee staff director on the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, as well as as Chief of Staff to Rep. Anna Eshoo (D-Palo Alto); **Chrissy Bishai is a Fellow at Third Way (“Restoring Trust between U.S. Companies and Their Government on Surveillance Issues” 3/19/15, http://www.thirdway.org/report/restoring-trust-between-us-companies-and-their-government-on-surveillance-issues ∂ Fixing the Problem Means Changing the Existing Legal Framework ∂ Currently, the U  AND , they bring with them American values, including those of privacy protections . ∂

It’s comparatively the largest internal link – alt causes are irrelevant
Kehl 14 - Policy Analyst at New America’s Open Technology Institute, B.A. in History from Yale – Policy Analyst at New America’s Open Technology Institute (Danielle, “Surveillance Costs: The NSA’s Impact on the Economy, Internet Freedom & Cybersecurity” July, https://www.newamerica.org/oti/surveillance-costs-the-nsas-impact-on-the-economy-internet-freedom-cybersecurity/ ∂ The NSA mass surveillance programs described in the introduction, conducted domestically pursuant to  AND  a leadership role in the promotion of better international standards around surveillance practices.

=V2 Wall Street=

NSA overreach wrecks US smart power – trust and credibility
Donahoe 14 – US ambassador to the UN Human Rights Council - Eileen Donahoe served as U.S. ambassador to the United Nations Human Rights Council. She is a visiting scholar at Stanford University's Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies (“Why the NSA undermines national security” Reuters, 3/6, http://blogs.reuters.com/great-debate/2014/03/06/why-nsa-surveillance-undermines-national-security/ ∂ But this zero-sum framework ignores the significant damage that the NSA’s practices  AND  to regain the global trust and credibility so central to our national security.

That spills over to gut global legitimacy and soft power Kehl 14 - Policy Analyst at New America’s Open Technology Institute, B.A. in History from Yale – Policy Analyst at New America’s Open Technology Institute (Danielle, “Surveillance Costs: The NSA’s Impact on the Economy, Internet Freedom & Cybersecurity” July, https://www.newamerica.org/oti/surveillance-costs-the-nsas-impact-on-the-economy-internet-freedom-cybersecurity/ Broader Foreign Policy Costs ∂ Beyond Internet Freedom, the NSA disclosures “have badly  AND  some cases, completely undermine— U.S. foreign policy goals.

The plan is key to restoring domestic and international trust in surveillance
Eoyang and Bishai 3/19 – Director of the National Security Program at Third Way; Fellow at Thid Way - *Mieke Eoyang is the Director of the National Security Program at Third Way, a center-left think tank. She previously served as Defense Policy Advisor to Senator Edward M. Kennedy, and a subcommittee staff director on the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, as well as as Chief of Staff to Rep. Anna Eshoo (D-Palo Alto); **Chrissy Bishai is a Fellow at Third Way (“Restoring Trust between U.S. Companies and Their Government on Surveillance Issues” 3/19/15, http://www.thirdway.org/report/restoring-trust-between-us-companies-and-their-government-on-surveillance-issues ∂ Fixing the Problem Means Changing the Existing Legal Framework ∂ Currently, the U  AND , they bring with them American values, including those of privacy protections . ∂

Legitimacy is key to heg and effective multilat – independently solves great power war Fujimoto 12 – Lt. Colonel, US Army (Kevin Fujimoto 12, Lt. Colonel, U.S. Army, January 11, 2012, "Preserving U.S. National Security Interests Through a Liberal World Construct," online: http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/index.cfm/articles/Preserving-US-National-Security-Interests-Liberal-World-Construct/2012/1/11) The emergence of peer competitors, not terrorism, presents the greatest long-term AND which threaten to serve as the principal catalysts of future global conflicts .11

The pursuit of hegemony is inevitable, sustainable, and solves nuclear war- decline causes lashout and global instability
Kagan- PhD in Diplomatic History- 14 – [Robert Kagan, PhD in American Diplomatic History from American University, Masters of Public Policy from Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government, Senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, 5-24-2014, New Republic, Superpowers Don't Get to Retire: What our tired country still owes the world, http://www.newrepublic.com/article/117859/allure-normalcy-what-america-still-owes-world] Jeong Today, however, Americans seem overwhelmed by the difficulty and complexity of it all AND //waiting in the wings to save the world if this democratic superpower falters.//

Only US heg solves- transition causes war- China can’t facilitate multilat
Keck 14 – the Assistant Editor at The Diplomat, a researcher at the Middle East Desk at Wikistrat, and an M.A. candidate in the Department of Public and International Affairs at George Mason University. Former Deputy Editor at e-International Relations; a foreign policy reporter at the Washington, D.C. edition of Examiner.com, a Joseph S. Nye, Jr. National Security Research Intern at the Center for a New American Security, a Research Assistant at the Center for Research, Regional Education and Outreach, (Zach, “America’s Relative Decline: Should We Panic? The end of the unipolar era will create new dangers that the world mustn’t overlook,” 1-24-14, http://thediplomat.com/2014/01/americas-relative-decline-should-we-panic/) Still, China’s relative rise and the United States’ relative decline carries significant risks, AND powers, this will only further dampen the prospects for effective global governance.

No disads- war is inevitable, but hegemony keeps it from escalating
Hoffman- Senior Research Fellow- 13 [Frank, Senior Research Fellow in the Center for Strategic Research, at the National Defense University, “PLATO WAS DEAD WRONG: EMBRACING OUR BETTER ANGELS?” 8/20] Steven Pinker, author of a chaotic book titled The Better Angels of Our Nature AND our allies in critical areas of the world, including Japan and Israel.

a) Trust and perception
Kehl 14 - Policy Analyst at New America’s Open Technology Institute, B.A. in History from Yale – Policy Analyst at New America’s Open Technology Institute (Danielle, “Surveillance Costs: The NSA’s Impact on the Economy, Internet Freedom & Cybersecurity” July, https://www.newamerica.org/oti/surveillance-costs-the-nsas-impact-on-the-economy-internet-freedom-cybersecurity/ “It is becoming clear that the post-9/11 surveillance apparatus may  AND  companies hoping to chip away at U.S. tech competiveness .58

b) Data localization
Chandler and Le 15 – Professor of Law, B.A. from UC Davis, J.D. from Harvard; B.A. fom Yale, J.D. from US Davis - * Director, California International Law Center, Professor of Law and Martin Luther AND aggregating data across borders. We discuss the impacts on these trends below.

Now is key – the US economy is stalling, only the tech sector can revive it
Muro 15 [Mark Muro, a senior fellow and director of policy for the Metropolitan Policy Program, manages the program's economic work and key policy projects. Jonathan Rothwell, February 2015, “Advanced Industries Drive Broad-Based Growth and Prosperity New Brookings report analyzes U.S. advanced industries sector”, http://www.brookings.edu/research/reports2/2015/02/03-advanced-industries#/M10420] The need for //economic renewal// in the U nited S tates remains urgent. Years of disappointing AND just two more (Boston and Rochester) score in the top 50.

Economic decline causes nuclear war
Kemp- National Security Presidential Assitant- 10 – Director of Regional Strategic Programs at The Nixon Center, served in the White House under Ronald Reagan, special assistant to the president for national security affairs and senior director for Near East and South Asian affairs on the National Security Council Staff, Former Director, Middle East Arms Control Project at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (Geoffrey, “The East Moves West: India, China, and Asia’s Growing Presence in the Middle East,” p. 233-4)//BB The second scenario, called Mayhem and Chaos, is the opposite of the first AND expected, with dire consequences for two-thirds of the planet’s population.

It’s an impact filter- growth resolves every major impact
Haass- President of Council on Foreign Relations- 13 Richard N. Haass 13, President of the Council on Foreign Relations, 4/30/13, “The World Without America,” http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/repairing-the-roots-of-american-power-by-richard-n--haass Let me posit a radical idea: The most critical threat facing the U nited S tates AND just for Americans, but for the vast majority of the //planet// ’s inhabitants.

Causes terrorism and miscalc - escalates
Harris and Burrows 9 - *PhD in Euro History, **member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit Mathew, PhD European History @ Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer is a member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis” http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and indeed believes the future is AND within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world.

Executive Order 12333 authorizes foreign surveillance, but the NSA is using it to exploit loopholes to create __backdoor access__ for __wholly domestic__ communications
Arnbak and Goldberg 14- cybersecurity and information law research at the Institute for Information Law, LL.M degree from Leiden University, A Competitive Strategy and Game Theory degree from London School of Economics University of Amsterdam; Associate professor in the Computer Science Department at Boston University, phD from Princeton University, B.A.S.c from University of Toronto (Axel and Sharon, “Loopholes for Circumventing the Constitution: Warrantless Bulk Surveillance on Americans by Collecting the Network Traffic Abroad”, Working Paper, June 27, 2014)//TT// // ∂ Legal Loopholes. In Section 2 we start by describing the current U. // // AND // . soil// (e.g., from Harvard University to Boston University).

The US needs to draw a __sharp distinction__ between domestic and national security surveillance to restore international trust
Fontaine 14 – President of the Center for a New American Security; was foreign policy advisor to Senator John McCain for more than five years; Worked at the State Department, the National Security Council and the Senate Foreign Relations Committee; was associate director for near Eastern affairs at the National Security Council; B.A. in International Relations from Tulan University (Richard, “Bringing Liberty Online; Reenergizing the Internet Freedom Agenda in a Post-Snowden Era”, Center for a New American Security, September 18, 2014, http://www.cnas.org/sites/default/files/publications-pdf/CNAS_BringingLibertyOnline_Fontaine.pdf)//TT ∂ The 2013 revelations of mass surveillance by the U.S. government transformed AND that EU officials said stemmed directly from worries after the Snowden disclosures.32

=NEG=

Past 2NR's T- domestic T- Curtail DeDev Terror DA Ptx- Iran Neolib Enforcement Cp and Highskilled immigration Nato cp Framework v Islamaphobia