Nicole+&+Dylan

The United States federal government should increase hydrographic mapping and surveying capabilities in the Arctic.
=Shipping Advantage=

Status quo shipping is dangerous and unprofitable due to outdated maps and data—the plan is key to sustain development and incentivizes greater investment
Kendrick 6/28/14 —writer for the Barents Observer, graduate of the University of Maryland’s master’s program in journalism (Lyle, “Map Shortcomings Could Hinder Northern Sea Route Growth,” Barents Observer, 6/28/14, [] Sea year

The plan massively increases shipper and navigational confidence
Davison 12 —writer for Alaska Dispatch (Janet, “Arctic mapping to make navigating Northwest Passage safer,” Alaska Dispatch, 10/14/12, http://www.alaskadispatch.com/article/arctic-mapping-make-navigating-northwest-passage-safer)//JG Arctic priority

Arctic shipping not cost effective absent the plan—multiple barriers key to effective global shipping, but effective shipping lanes in the Arctic could reap huge potential benefits
Humpert and Raspotnik 12 (Malte Humpert- Executive Director of The Arctic Institute, graduate studies at Georgetown University included regime change in the Arctic, energy and security issues, and economic potential of Arctic shipping routes, and Andreas Raspotnik, Research Fellow at the University of Cologne, double PhD, “The Future of Arctic Shipping” October, 11, 2012, http://www.thearcticinstitute.org/2012/10/the-future-of-arctic-shipping.html)//HA Arctic operators

Shipping key to stable food prices, trade, and world economic stability

 * Mitropolous 5** (Efthimios, Secretary-General of the International Maritime Organization of the United Nations, World Maritime Day Parallel Event, 11/15, International Maritime Organization, http://www.imo.org/Newsroom/mainframe.asp?topic_id=1028&doc_id=5415)

We freeze Our war
 * Trade prevents war, contains war, and checks escalation—solves all other impacts**
 * GRISWOLD 2011** (Daniel Griswold is director of the Center for Trade Policy Studies at the Cato Institute and author of Mad about Trade: Why Main Street America Should Embrace Globalization. “Free Trade and the Global Middle Class,” Hayek Society Journal Vol. 9 http://www.cato.org/pubs/articles/Hayek-Society-Journal-Griswold.pdf)

Economic decline causes war
Royal 10 (Jedediah, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal, and Political Perspectives, pg 213-215) Less views

Environment— attempts at Arctic shipping are inevitable in the squo
National Geographic 13 National Geographic Staff, NOVEMBER 8, 2013, http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/energy/great-energy-challenge/big-energy-question/arctic-what-do-we-need-to-know/)//HA The climate

But absent effective charts, current shipping risks environmental catastrophe—navigation capabilities are key to cooperation and disaster response
ICS 14 (INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF SHIPPING (ICS), “Arctic Shipping Position Paper” 2014, http://www.ics-shipping.org/docs/default-source/resources/policy-tools/ics-position-paper-on-arctic-shipping.pdf?sfvrsn=12)//HA Development response

Biodiversity hotspots key to global biodiversity
Johnsen et. al 10 (Kathrine I. Johnsen (Editor in Chief), Björn Alfthan, Lawrence Hislop, Janet F. Skaalvik, “Protecting Arctic Biodiversity” UNEP, 2010, http://www.unep.org/pdf/arcticMEAreport_screen.pdf)//HA The summers

Marine hotspots are key—the impact is extinction
Extinction hotspot =Russia Adv=
 * Mittermeier ’11** (et al, Dr. Russell Alan Mittermeier is a primatologist, herpetologist and biological anthropologist. He holds Ph.D. from Harvard in Biological Anthropology and serves as an Adjunct Professor at the State University of New York at Stony Brook. He has conducted fieldwork for over 30 years on three continents and in more than 20 countries in mainly tropical locations. He is the President of Conservation International and he is considered an expert on biological diversity. Mittermeier has formally discovered several monkey species. From Chapter One of the book Biodiversity Hotspots—F.E. Zachos and J.C. Habel (eds.), DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-20992-5_1, # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011. This evidence also internally references Norman Myers, a very famous British environmentalist specialising in biodiversity. available at: http://www.academia.edu/1536096/Global_biodiversity_conservation_the_critical_role_of_hotspots)//HA

The aff is a prerequisite to any Arctic development
GAO 14, (“Maritime Infrastructure: Key Issues Related to Commercial Activity in the U.S. Arctic Over the Next Decade,” March 2014, [] , pp. 24-26) The environment Although anticipated
 * Russia is increasing military use of the arctic for accesses to resources and geopolitical posturing—US policy is current passive**
 * SLD 14** (Second Line of Defense, “THE RUSSIAN DYNAMIC IN THE ARCTIC: STRATEGIC POSITIONING” 2014-06-05, http://www.sldinfo.com/the-russian-dynamic-in-the-arctic-strategic-positioning/)//HA

Militaristic Russia expansionism into the Arctic now—US policy and support from other Arctic nations key to prevent escalatory conflict
Mitchell 14 (Jon Mitchell, pursuing Masters degree in public policy, with a concentration in international affairs “Russia’s Territorial Ambition and Increased Military Presence in the Arctic” April 23, 2014, Foreign Policy Journal, http://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2014/04/23/russias-territorial-ambition-and-increased-military-presence-in-the-arctic/)//HA As Arctic

First is civilian presence—Arctic maritime transport and infrastructure policies are key to prevent competition from escalating by encouraging cooperation
Higginbotham **and** Grosu **14** (JOHN HIGGINBOTHAM a senior fellow at CIGI and Carleton University, MARINA GROSU master’s graduate in international public policy of Wilfrid Laurier University’s School of International Policy and Governance junior research fellowship at CIGI. “THE NORTHWEST TERRITORIES AND ARCTIC MARITIME DEVELOPMENT IN THE BEAUFORT AREA” MAY 2014, CIGI, http://www.cigionline.org/sites/default/files/cigi_pb_40.pdf)//HA The regions

Second is Maritime Domain Awareness—it’s collapsing now due to outdated maps and charts, the plan solves
One capabilities
 * Perry and Andersen 12** —vice president and director of studies at the IFPA, research analyst at IFPA (Charles and Bobby, The Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis, Inc. (IFPA), now in its thirty-sixth year, develops innovative strategies for new security challenges. IFPA conducts studies, workshops, and conferences on nation¬al security and foreign policy issues and produces innovative reports, briefings, and publications, //NEW STRATEGIC DYNAMICS in the ARCTIC REGION, Implications for National Security and International Collaboration//, http://www.ifpa.org/pdf/StrategicDynamicsArcticRegion.pdf/cc)

High tensions in the arctic will escalate due to competition, but the plan incentivizes cooperation
Aerandir 12 (Mate Wesley Aerandir Lieutenant United States Navy B.A., “BREAKING THE ICE: POTENTIAL U.S.-RUSSIAN MARITIME CONFLICT IN THE ARCTIC” December 2012, http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a573497.pdf)//HA There well

Methodological analysis proves our impact
Aerandir 12 (Mate Wesley Aerandir Lieutenant United States Navy B.A., “BREAKING THE ICE: POTENTIAL U.S.-RUSSIAN MARITIME CONFLICT IN THE ARCTIC” December 2012, http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a573497.pdf)//HA Potential system

US-Russia war causes extinction
Helfand 14 (Ira Helfand, M.D, past president of Physicians for Social Responsibility, co-president of the International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War. “Another View: Ukraine crisis puts focus on danger of nuclear war” May 3, 2014, http://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/opinion/columnists/2014/05/04/another-view-ukraine-crisis-danger-nuclear-war/8665185/)//HA The war =Solvency= ====Navigational capabilities are key to a successful arctic strategy—federal mapping guidelines, standard operating procedures, and vessel of opportunity protocol is vital to navigation services in Arctic waters—NOAA mapping is key, but funding is necessary==== Foxx 13 — U.S. Secretary of Transportation (Anthony, CMTS Chair, J.D. from New York University School of Law, U.S. Arctic Marine Transportation System: Overview and Priorities for Action http://www.cmts.gov/downloads/CMTS%20U%20S%20%20Arctic%20MTS%20Report%20%2007-30-13.pdf//cc) Arctic region

** Only US national investment and a regulatory strategy solves **
** Slayton 5/21/14 **—Research Fellow, Hoover Institution, Stanford University and Co-Chair and Executive Director, Arctic Security Initiative (David M, House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation Hearing // Using New Ocean Technologies: Promoting Efficient Maritime Transportation and Improving Maritime Domain Awareness and Response Capability // Written Statement for the Record to the United States House of Representatives Transport, Transportation and Infrastructure Committee, Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation Sub-Committee//cc) With priority

Mapping is key to effective use of the Arctic—US action is key
Increased development
 * Kraska and Baker, 14—** Mary Derrickson McCurdy visiting scholar at Duke University Marine Laboratory and senior fellow at the Center for Oceans Law and Policy, University of Virginia School of Law AND associate professor of law and senior fellow for Oceans and Energy at the Institute for Energy and the Environment at Vermont Law School (James and Betsy, “Emerging Arctic Security Challenges,” Center for a New American Security, March, http://www.cnas.org/sites/default/files/publications-pdf/CNAS_EmergingArcticSecurityChallenges_policybrief.pdf)//VIVIENNE

US leadership is key—the Arctic is a unique region
Largely change
 * Kraska and Baker, 14—** Mary Derrickson McCurdy visiting scholar at Duke University Marine Laboratory and senior fellow at the Center for Oceans Law and Policy, University of Virginia School of Law AND associate professor of law and senior fellow for Oceans and Energy at the Institute for Energy and the Environment at Vermont Law School (James and Betsy, “Emerging Arctic Security Challenges,” Center for a New American Security, March, http://www.cnas.org/sites/default/files/publications-pdf/CNAS_EmergingArcticSecurityChallenges_policybrief.pdf)//VIVIENNE