Stephanie+and+Emily

Hey all! We run the race census aff and the ALPR aff (we'll disclose which one before the round). Neg disclosure is at the bottom. Feel free to email with questions!

Stephanie (2A) -- stephanieyou16@gmail.com Emily (2N) -- emily.jennifer.hall@gmail.com

Plan --
The United States Federal Government should eliminate racial categorization on the United States Census.

The census has always been a powerful means of state surveillance—from its very inception, census-taking has been a means to maintain a violent social order
Mezey, 3 – Professor of Law at Georgetown University (Naomi, “Erasure and Recognition: The Census, Race and the National Imagination”, 97 Nw. U. L. Rev. 1701-1768 (2003) Northwestern University Law Review, 2003)//jml The Power to Discipline But power, needless to say, is at once affirmative AND nineteenth century, it was being replaced by something different: normal people."

Specifically, racial categorization on the census is used to maintain a colonial order of racial exclusion
Kertzer and Arel, 2 - * PhD, Paul Dupee, Jr. University Professor of Social Science, Professor of Anthropology, and Professor of Italian Studies at Brown University **PhD, Associate Professor of Political Science and Chair of Ukrainian Studies at the University of Ottawa, Canada (David and Dominique, “Census and Identity: The Politics of Race, Ethnicity, and Language in National Censuses,” 2002)//jml State modernity and the impetus to categorize The significance of official state certification of collective AND gener- ally determined by language rather than physical traits (Brown 1996).

===The categorization of racial identity on the census demands a static recognition based in the politics of state surveillance to crowd out alternative conceptions of cultural identity based in hybridity and mutuality === Torres 99 (maría de los Angeles. Maria is the director and professor of Latin American and Latino Studies at the University of Illinois in Chicago, she has a PhD in Political Science from the University of Michigan, “In the land of mirrors: Cuban exile politics in the United States,” University of Michigan Press, 1999. pp. pp. 188-189, LB) Furthermore. although these home countries were not direct colonies of the United States ( AND <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">particular geographic space, nor ... tied to a single predetermined political position."

===<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">This hybridity is polyculturalism, the recognition that racial and cultural categories are not only socially constructed but also historically intertwined such that their state categorization is nothing but an arbitrary imposition of power. A polycultural understanding of race is a necessary check on colonial racism === <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Prashad 2011 (vijay, director of the international studies program at trinity college, everyone was kung fu fighting: afro-asian connections and the myth of cultural purity, project muse, LB) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">This "racism with a distance" ignores our mulatto history, the long waves <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">AND <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">it forbids us to see culture as static and antiracist critique as impossible.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">No moral order is possible while racism is tolerated—ethics are meaningless without a prior rejection of it
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Memmi 2K (Albert, Professor Emeritus of Sociology @ U of Paris, Naiteire, Racism, Translated by Steve Martinot, p. 163-165) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The struggle against racism will be long, difficult, without intermission, without remission <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">AND <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">. True, it is a wager, but the stakes are irresistible.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Total elimination of racial categories on the census is necessary—reform isn’t enough
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">CAPLAN 12 (Arthur Caplan is head of the division of medical ethics at New York University's Langone Medical Center, “Time to drop racial categories in census,” Chicago Tribune, August 16, http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-08-16/site/ct-persepc-0816-race-20120816_1_racial-categories-race-and-ethnicity-questions-quadroons) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The U.S. Census Bureau announced that it wants to make a number <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">AND <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">is time for Congress to tell the Census Bureau to do the same.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">There is no alternative to state engagement—we have to engage the policy details of the census to confront racist violence
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Thompson, 10 – PhD candidate (poli sci) at University of Toronto (Debra Elizabeth, “Seeing Like a Racial State: The Census and the Politics of Race in the United States, Great Britain and Canada” A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Department of Political Science, 2010)//jml <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">A more focused lens is necessary in order to examine how policy-makers propose <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">AND <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">bargaining and resources – and leads to the policy outcomes of these cases.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Debates about identity, surveillance, and power must start with the census—state classification renders subjects into objects of observation and control
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Mezey, 3 – Professor of Law at Georgetown University (Naomi, “Erasure and Recognition: The Census, Race and the National Imagination”, 97 Nw. U. L. Rev. 1701-1768 (2003) Northwestern University Law Review, 2003)jml <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> In modem America, the census epitomizes the examination as an in- strument of <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">AND// <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">in a way that leaves us lonely, isolated and mired in poverty.

===<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Our strategy is distinct from colorblindness and multiculturalism, both of which have only served to circulate white supremacy—polyculturalism allows us to build on the limited successes scored against white supremacy to constitute more far-reaching resistance === <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Wendland 2003 (joe, peace activist in Michigan and Ohio and teaches in the Ethnic Studies Department at Bowling green State University. Chopping Through the Foundations of Racism With Vijay Prashad, [], LB) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Racism, like racialism, is not natural to human social relations. More specifically <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">AND <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">anti-racist and anti-capitalist alliances can be organized and cultivated.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Identity categories are in constant flux—ontologizing race only reinscribes violence
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Hipwell, 4 - Department of Geography, College of Social Sciences, Kyungpook National University (William T., ‘A Deleuzian critique of resource-use management politics in Industria’ The Canadian Geographer 48, no 3 (2004) 356–377)//jml <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Identity. When you begin making decisions and cutting it up, rules and names <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">AND <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">other ‘wild zones’ (Dalby 2001), one must have good instincts.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Reconceptualizing identity away from essentialism allows individuals to challenge the boundaries of identity
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Gosine, 2 - Professor in the Sociology department at Brock University, St. Catharines, ON (Kevin, Essentialism Versus Complexity: Conceptions of Racial Identity Construction in Educational Scholarship, 2002, Google Scholar)jml <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> In this article I have traced a progressive, theoretical evolution in the way North <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> AND <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> continually test, push, and redraw the boundaries of such hegemonic discourses.//

===<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Words matter—our exposure of racial tradeoffs can help to disrupt white supremacy. The state is important but words on the census are proof that the circulation of categories in language also forms the social world in which we live === <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">HARRIS 1994 (Angela, Professor of Law, University of California, Berkeley, Boalt Hall School of Law, California Law Review, July) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Discourse theory relies on a social constructionist understanding of the concepts "language" and <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">AND <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">163 the concept with which, John Calmore says, CRT begins. 164

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Government profiling yields zero societal benefits – there’s only a risk it perpetuates racism
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Cox 08 – Major, Civil Rights Activist, [], 6/26/15 BRoche <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">In a recent column [~1997], George Will of the Washington Post, makes <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">AND <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">such mundane human traits as skin color, hair texture and eye appearance.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Consequentialism is void of morality because it is overly concerned with state of affairs at the expense of evaluating ethics – prefer deontological methods.
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Hurley 11 [Paul, Professor of Philosophy at Claremont McKenna College, “Beyond Consequentialism”, Oxford University Press, 6-10-11, Pg. 3-6] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The fundamental challenge to consequentialism can be introduced by way of two claims. These <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">AND <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">. Being first virtues of human activities, truth and justice are uncompromising.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Census data gets misused and causes racial discrimination – Japanese internment proves
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Minkel 7 [JR Minken is a lab technician and freelance journalist, and has written one book, Instant Egghead Guide: The Universe. “Confirmed: The U.S. Census Bureau Gave Up Names of Japanese-Americans in WW II” 3-30-07 http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/confirmed-the-us-census-b/] JG <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Despite decades of denials, government records confirm that the U.S. Census <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">AND <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">conclusive evidence that they had also provided microdata for surveillance," Anderson says.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Census doesn’t accurately collect race data – this has severe implications for minority groups
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Schmitt 1 [Eric Schmitt, Count of 2000 Census Said to Err by Millions, New York Times, 3-16-2001,http://www.nytimes.com/2001/03/16/us/count-of-2000-census-said-to-err-by-millions.html] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">ARLINGTON, Va., March 15— The Bush administration has described the 2000 census <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">AND <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">the bureau's acting director, told a meeting of census advisory committees here.∂

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The Drug Enforcement Administration should curtail its use of Automatic License Plate Recognition in the United States.
===<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The Drug Enforcement Administration is creating a massive database of license plate tracking information—this will be used for political targeting and other kinds of violence === <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">SALLES 2015 (Alice, journalist specializing in civil liberties, “License plate surveillance may invite political targeting,” Watchdog Arena, Feb 4, http://watchdog.org/197745/license-plate-surveillance-political-targeting/) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">License plate surveillance may invite political targeting <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">By Alice Salles / February 4, <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">AND <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">detailed pictures of the private lives of citizens and visitors to this country.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">License plate monitoring has pushed the US to the edge of full-scale totalitarianism—resistance now is necessary
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">SUAREZ 2013 (John, human rights activist who has spoken before the United Nations Human Rights Council on several occasions, PanAm Post, Oct 18, http://panampost.com/john-suarez/2013/10/18/the-us-surveillance-state-and-the-totalitarian-tipping-point/) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Today, massive and unsustainable debts are maintaining the US standard of living. Freedom <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">AND <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">one of many ominous signs regarding where this centralization of power is heading.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Freedom from surveillance is an a priori value: it’s the key liberty that defines the value of our lives and our capacities for agency
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">GREENWALD 2014 (Glenn, Snowden’s lawyer, “Why Privacy Matters,” http://www.ted.com/talks/glenn_greenwald_why_privacy_matters/transcript?language=en) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Now, there's a reason why privacy is so craved universally and instinctively. It <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">AND <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">the constraints that it imposes on us do not become any less potent.

===<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Surveillance violates our basic ethical imperative to treat people with dignity and protect freedom, but even if utilitarianism is good, you should still vote aff === <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">BURKHART et al. 2007 (Laurie Burkhart, Michael Haubert, and Damon Thorley, undergraduate editors who published a book on surveillance under the supervision of Dr. Dirk S. Hovorka, “The Efect [sic] of Government Surveillance on Social Progress,” in Confronting Information Ethics in the New Millennium” []) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Under utilitarian, duty-based, and rights-based ethical theories the act <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">AND <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">freedom of speech and the power of the people will be lost forever.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Actions determine morality, not results—consequentialism might be good, but moral side constraints exist that we cannot violate
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">NAGEL 1979 (Thomas, Philosopher, Mortal Questions, p 58-59) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Many people feel, without being able to say much more about it, that <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">AND <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">ease the consciences of those responsible for a certain number of charred babies.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Our advantage is one of those side constraints—the injustices we have described should not be tolerated at any cost
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">RAWLS 1971 (John, philosopher, A Theory of Justice, p. 3-4) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Justice is the first virtue of social institutionsas truth is of systems of thought <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">AND <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">. Being first virtues of human activities, truth and justice are uncompromising.

===<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">No consequence justifies voting neg—either rights are absolute and we win, or they’re not, and the neg’s moral calculus is incoherent. The question of this debate is whether the plan is a moral action or not. The judge as a moral agent is not responsible for intervening actors no matter how bad the consequences sound. The decisions of other agents are outside your power to determine and you should therefore say that you support the aff even if we should perhaps also stop bad consequences that stem from it because consequentialism with no limit results in constantly escalating evils which make it self-defeating and also undermines the value of life === <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">GEWIRTH 1981 (Alan, prof of philosophy at U Chicago, “Are There Any Absolute Rights?,” Philosophical Quarterly, January) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">It is a widely held opinion that there are no absolute rights. Consider what <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">AND <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">of the valid principle of morality in its equal application to all persons.

===<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Dead bodies aren’t the key metric for decisionmaking—surveillance might not be dramatic, but the failure to confront it now adds up to a worse harm over time as abuses accumulate === <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">SOLOVE 2011 (Daniel, professor of law at George Washington University, Why Privacy Matters Even if You Have 'Nothing to Hide', May 15, http://chronicle.com/article/Why-Privacy-Matters-Even-if/127461/) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Investigating the nothing-to-hide argument a little more deeply, we find <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">AND <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">to-hide argument, in the end, has nothing to say.

===<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> “Life key to rights” is backwards—life and death are not inherently good except for the things we enjoy about them which the status quo erodes and the plan protects === <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Nagel 12 [Thomas, University Professor of Philosophy and Law at New York University, “Mortal Questions”, Cambridge University Press, Mar 26, 2012, Pg.1-3] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">If death is the unequivocal and permanent end of our existence, the question arises <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">AND <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">disadvantage, it is not easy to say when a man suffers it.

===<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The obsession with human survival is self-defeating—the tyranny of survival paradoxically destroys more people in the long run and diminishes the value of life === <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">CALLAHAN 1973 (Daniel, institute of Society and Ethics, The Tyranny of Survival, p. 91-3) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The value of survival could not be so readily abused were it not for its <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">AND <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">survival. It would be the Pyrrhic victory to end all Pyrrhic victories.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The plan is a necessary response to violations of liberty--federal action is key
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">SALLES 2015 (Alice, journalist specializing in civil liberties, “License plate surveillance may invite political targeting,” Watchdog Arena, Feb 4, http://watchdog.org/197745/license-plate-surveillance-political-targeting/) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">But if the program was allowed to be carried out unchecked for so long, <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">AND <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">aren’t even asking questions about civil liberties and privacy when approving this technology.”

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">We must resist license plate tracking as an infringement of liberty—this form of surveillance will constantly expand to new abuses with no security rationale
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">COOKE 2015 (Charles, writer at the National Review, “As You Drive, So Are You Watched,” National Review, Jan 25, http://www.nationalreview.com/article/397303/you-drive-so-you-are-watched-charles-c-w-cooke) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Another day, and another of Leviathan’s tentacles is exposed for all the world to <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">AND <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">consumptive child in a hospital incubator, is nowhere included within its brief.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">No counterplan can solve the case—the ability of another actor to address the harm doesn’t absolve you of your obligation to do so as well
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">AITKEN 77 (William, teaches philosophy at Chatham College, World Hunger and Moral Obligation, p 93-94) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Some have maintained that there is a fourth minimal condition which a potential helper of <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">AND <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">resort is too strong; it is not a minimal condition for obligation.

===<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">We can’t make policy based on linear predictions—the complexity of government and the chaos of unpredictable events means that as a judge you should simply ignore disads based on future impacts === <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">WARD 1996 (Brian, “The Chaos of History: Notes Towards a Postmodernist Historiography,” Limina, Vol 2, http://www.limina.arts.uwa.edu.au/previous/volumes_15/volume_2?f=73934) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Porush establishes the link between narrative-as-history and chaos theory by recognising <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">AND <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">a historical event recorded in a text or a series of texts.41

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">This is particularly true for war—it’s too chaotic to be controlled or avoided through policymaking
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">FONT AND RÉGIS 2006 (Joan Pere Plaza i Font UAB – Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona – Spain Dandoy Régis UCL – University of Louvain – Belgium “Chaos Theory and its Application in Political Science” IPSA – AISP Congress Fukuoka, 9 – 13 July 2006 http://www.sciencespo.site.ulb.ac.be/dossiers_membres/dandoy-regis/fichiers/dandoy-regis-publication18.pdf) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Betts (2000) observed a useful application of chaos to strategy and international security <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">AND <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">for explanation may be terribly misplaced, and doomed always to go unsatisfied.

The census has always been a powerful means of state surveillance—from its very inception, census-taking has been a means to maintain a violent social order
Mezey, 3 – Professor of Law at Georgetown University (Naomi, “Erasure and Recognition: The Census, Race and the National Imagination”, 97 Nw. U. L. Rev. 1701-1768 (2003) Northwestern University Law Review, 2003)//jml The Power to Discipline But power, needless to say, is at once affirmative AND nineteenth century, it was being replaced by something different: normal people."

Specifically, racial categorization on the census is used to maintain a colonial order of racial exclusion through demarcation between the colonizer and colonized
Kertzer and Arel, 2 - * PhD, Paul Dupee, Jr. University Professor of Social Science, Professor of Anthropology, and Professor of Italian Studies at Brown University **PhD, Associate Professor of Political Science and Chair of Ukrainian Studies at the University of Ottawa, Canada (David and Dominique, “Census and Identity: The Politics of Race, Ethnicity, and Language in National Censuses,” 2002)//jml State modernity and the impetus to categorize The significance of official state certification of collective AND gener- ally determined by language rather than physical traits (Brown 1996).

Total elimination of racial categories on the census is necessary—reform isn’t enough
CAPLAN 12 (Arthur Caplan is head of the division of medical ethics at New York University's Langone Medical Center, “Time to drop racial categories in census,” Chicago Tribune, August 16, []) - // ­ // __The__ U.S. __Census Bureau__ announced that it __wants to make__ a number - AND - __is time for__ Congress to tell __the Census Bureau to do the same__.

No moral order is possible while racism is tolerated—ethics are meaningless without a prior rejection of racialization
__The struggle against racism will be long, difficult, without intermission, without remission__ __AND__ . True, it is a wager, but __the stakes are irresistible.__
 * Memmi 2K** (Albert, Professor Emeritus of Sociology @ U of Paris, Naiteire, Racism, Translated by Steve Martinot, p. 163-165)

====Words matter—our exposure of racial tradeoffs can help to disrupt white supremacy. The state is important but words on the census are proof that the circulation of categories in language also forms the social world in which we live==== Discourse theory relies on a social constructionist understanding of the concepts "language" and AND 163 the concept with which, John Calmore says, CRT begins. 164
 * HARRIS 1994** (Angela, Professor of Law, University of California, Berkeley, Boalt Hall School of Law, California Law Review, July)

We have to confront racist violence where it is – neglecting macrolevel structures only allows racial discrimination
Thompson, 10 – PhD candidate (poli sci) at University of Toronto (Debra Elizabeth, “Seeing Like a Racial State: The Census and the Politics of Race in the United States, Great Britain and Canada” A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Department of Political Science, 2010)//jml A more focused lens is necessary in order to examine how policy-makers propose AND bargaining and resources – and leads to the policy outcomes of these cases.

The impact is internment – the census was used to track down people marked as Japanese and affect violence against them – only by removing this power from the governments can we forclose these actions
Minkel 7 [JR Minken is a lab technician and freelance journalist, and has written one book, //Instant Egghead Guide: The Universe//. “Confirmed: The U.S. Census Bureau Gave Up Names of Japanese-Americans in WW II” 3-30-07 http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/confirmed-the-us-census-b/] JG Despite decades of denials, government records confirm that the U.S. Census AND conclusive evidence that they had also provided microdata for surveillance," Anderson says.

Government profiling yields zero societal benefits – there’s only a risk it perpetuates racism
- // ­­ // In a recent column [~1997], George Will of the Washington Post, makes - AND - such mundane human traits as skin color, hair texture and eye appearance.
 * Cox 08 –** Major, Civil Rights Activist, [], 6/26/15 Broche

** There’s no benefit to state programs based on race until the categories are deconstructed—welfare programs solidify violent categories and undermine struggles for justice **
Race certainly is operational. 80 For each group, race provides benefits and burdens AND __in a way that leaves us lonely, isolated and mired in poverty__.
 * ESPINOZA 1997** (Leslie, Associate Professor of Law, Boston College Law School, California Law Review, October)

Census doesn’t accurately collect race data – this has severe implications for minority groups and means that state policies in the status quo fail
Schmitt 1 [Eric Schmitt, Count of 2000 Census Said to Err by Millions, New York Times, 3-16-2001,http://www.nytimes.com/2001/03/16/us/count-of-2000-census-said-to-err-by-millions.html] ARLINGTON, Va., March 15— The Bush administration has described the 2000 census AND the bureau's acting director, told a meeting of census advisory committees here. ∂

=Polyculturalism=

====The categorization of racial identity on the census demands a static recognition __based in the politics of state surveillance__ to crowd out alternative conceptions of cultural identity based in hybridity and mutuality==== Torres 99 (maría de los Angeles. Maria is the director and professor of Latin American and Latino Studies at the University of Illinois in Chicago, she has a PhD in Political Science from the University of Michigan, “In the land of mirrors: Cuban exile politics in the United States,” University of Michigan Press, 1999. pp. pp. 188-189, LB) Furthermore. although these home countries were not direct colonies of the United States ( AND __particular geographic space, nor ... tied to a single predetermined political position."__

====This hybridity is polyculturalism, the recognition that racial and cultural categories are not only socially constructed but also historically intertwined such that their state categorization is nothing but an arbitrary imposition of power. A polycultural understanding of race is a necessary check on colonial racism==== Prashad 2011 (vijay, director of the international studies program at trinity college, everyone was kung fu fighting: afro-asian connections and the myth of cultural purity, project muse, LB) This " __racism with a distance" ignores our mulatto history, the long waves__ __AND__ __it forbids us to see culture as static and antiracist critique as impossible.__

====Our strategy is distinct from colorblindness and multiculturalism, both of which have only served to circulate white supremacy—polyculturalism allows us to build on the limited successes scored against white supremacy to constitute more far-reaching resistance==== Wendland 2003 (joe, peace activist in Michigan and Ohio and teaches in the Ethnic Studies Department at Bowling green State University. Chopping Through the Foundations of Racism With Vijay Prashad, [], LB) __Racism, like racialism, is not natural to human social relations__. More specifically AND __anti-racist and anti-capitalist alliances can be organized and cultivated.__

The affirmative is a survival strategy --debates about identity, surveillance, and power are futile so long as state classification renders subjects into objects of observation and control
Mezey, 3 – Professor of Law at Georgetown University (Naomi, “Erasure and Recognition: The Census, Race and the National Imagination”, 97 Nw. U. L. Rev. 1701-1768 (2003) Northwestern University Law Review, 2003)//jml// // In modem America, //the census epitomizes the examination as an in- strument of AND// knowledge that may be gained of him belong to this production.""' 4

Identity categories are in constant flux—ontologizing race only reinscribes violence
Hipwell, 4 - Department of Geography, College of Social Sciences, Kyungpook National University (William T., ‘A Deleuzian critique of resource-use management politics in Industria’ The Canadian Geographer 48, no 3 (2004) 356–377)//jml Identity. When you begin making decisions and cutting it up, rules and names AND other ‘wild zones’ (Dalby 2001), one must have good instincts.

Reconceptualizing identity away from essentialism allows individuals to challenge the boundaries of identity that have been created for them by the state
Gosine, 2 - Professor in the Sociology department at Brock University, St. Catharines, ON (Kevin, Essentialism Versus Complexity: Conceptions of Racial Identity Construction in Educational Scholarship, 2002, Google Scholar)//jml// // In this article I have traced a progressive, theoretical evolution in the way North // // AND // // continually test, push, and redraw the //boundaries of such hegemonic discourses.//

Millions possess mixed ancestry and change their racial category over their lifetime – the census forces them to deny parts of themselves and will thus always be inaccurate
Morin 15 [Rich Morin – senior editor at Pew Research Center, “Among multiracial adults, racial identity can be fluid”, Pew Research Center, 6/16/15, http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/06/16/among-multiracial-adults-racial-identity-can-be-fluid/] JG Is race purely about the races in your family tree? A new Pew Research AND is plus or minus 3.8 percentage points and larger for subgroups.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">(note that I didn't partake in a lot of practice debates at camp due to a concussion that I incurred towards the beginning of camp) __vs. Foreign Embassies:__ 1NC: Foucault, T US persons 2NR: T US Persons __vs. Islamophobia__ 1NC: Wilderson 2NR: Wilderson __vs. Agamben__ 1NC: T US persons, fem k of privacy, neolib, rights malthus da 2NR: neolib, vagueness __vs. Border Surveillance__ 1NC: agamben turns, neolib, T US persons, T political intent 2NR: agamben turns and neolib __vs. PRISM__ 1NC: psychoanalysis, human rights credibility da, T domestic 2NR: human rights credibility __vs. Zero Days__ 1NC: psychoanalysis, UN review CP, T national borders, cyber operations disad, politics 2NR: Iran politics __vs. Insider Threats__ (Camp Tournament Round 1) 1NC: T surveillance is technical means, Iran politics, neolib 2NR: neolib __vs. Encryption__ (Camp Tournament Round 4) 1NC: T domestic surveillance is on US persons, T its is possessive, T surveillance is with preventative intent, neolib, dedev, politics, cnci cp 2NR: dedev __vs. Encryption__(Camp Tournament Round 5) 1NC: T domestic surveillance is on US persons, T its is possessive, T surveillance is with preventative intent, neolib, dedev, politics, cnci cp 2NR: iran politics
 * __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Negative Disclosure __**