Sreyas+&+Michael


 * Plan: The United States federal government should expand United States Maritime Administration Title XI loan guarantee funding for short sea transportation in the United States **


 * Advantage 1: Economy **


 * Two internal links: **


 * 1st is __Stimulus__ **


 * The plan generates a massive economic stimulus and reduces oil dependence – loan guarantees are the most effective catalyst for widespread investment **
 * Margaronis, 08 **


 * And, a __federal program__ is a vital internal link to US global competitiveness – current funding is insufficient **
 * Zimmer, 11 **


 * Oil dependence causes extinction **
 * Rosen 10 **


 * Competitiveness is key to hegemony **
 * Segal, 4 **


 * Great power war **
 * Barnett, 11 **


 * Second, is __congestion__ – **


 * Congestion underlies a multibillion dollar drag on the economy – chokes any possible recovery **
 * Needham, 11 **


 * A robust study proves our argument – the economic impact is widespread **
 * Wagner, 11 **


 * The externalities act as a multiplier – decreases the underlying foundation of US economic leadership **
 * Lewis, 08 **


 * Internal link is __linear__ – the plan is necessary and sufficient to relieve congestion **
 * Perakis and Denisis, 08 **


 * Independently an effective MTS is vital to growth – capacity limitations act as a deadly stranglehold **
 * Lobiondo, et. al 11 **


 * That results in war – multiple warrants **
 * Royal 10 **


 * Advantage Two is the __shipbuilding industry__ – **


 * The plan’s support sustains the shipbuilding industry **
 * Raymond, 05 **


 * Expansion of title XI funding ensures __increased naval capacity__ **
 * Goure, 11 **


 * The plan reverses tidal waves of shipyard closings which decimate the industry **
 * Munoz, 11 **


 * Inland water ways are functionally limitless – the plan is the easiest means of infrastructure expansion and revitalizes the maritime sector **
 * Perakis and Denisis, 08 **


 * A strong maritime and shipbuilding industry is a vital pre requisite to credible naval capabilities **
 * Alberto, et al. 05 **


 * That causes an escalation of every transnational threat – the shipbuilding industry is key **
 * NLUS, 12 **


 * US naval dominance solves war in the Middle East – our evidence is reverse-casual, absent naval presence conflict becomes inevitable **
 * WHITENECK 2010 **


 * Middle East war goes global and nuclear **
 * PRIMAKOV 2009 **


 * Contention Two is __Solvency__ **


 * No DA's – 82 million’s already been spent on Marine Highways **
 * Matsuda, 12 **


 * A comprehensive federal expansion of Title XI loan guarantees mitigates congestion and creates conditions favorable for private investment – the plan reverse the only barrier to short sea transportation **
 * Cook, 11 **


 * Solely private sector action is insufficient – high startup costs make external incentives critical **
 * McCormick, 10 **


 * The plan reduces risk and creates the financial backing necessary for short sea shipping **
 * Margaronis, 08 **


 * That heightens the resiliency of the transportation network – a secure federal funding stream ensures adequate coordination **
 * Lombardo, 04 **


 * Marine infrastructure is key – other networks have reached maximum capacity – ineffective coordination precipitates wider congestion **
 * Jackson, 07 **