Christie+&+Maki

Obama has expedited approval for projects, but not allocated funds

 * Morgan and Rabin 7/19** – Miami Herald reporter, environment reporter (Curtis and Charles, “White House Speeds Up Permits, Offers No New Cash For PortMiami Dredge Project”, The Miami Herald, July 21 2012, [])//CB

The White House on Thursday…expediting all remaining federal reviews.”

Panama Canal expansion will disrupt American trade routes - Other nations are investing in port deepening to accommodate tankers, but the United States is not increasing its investment in its ports.

 * Bridges, 11 **** – **Chairman of the Board of the American Association of Port Authorities and Executive Director of Virginia Port Authority (Jerry A., “Testimony of Jerry A. Bridges Chairman of the Board of the American Association of Port Authorities and Executive Director of Virginia Port Authority before the United States House of Representatives Transportation and Infrastructure Committee Water Resources and Environment Subcommittee Hearing: the Economic importance of Seaports: Is the United States Prepared for 21st Century Trade Realities?”, 10/26/11, 2011, [| http://republicans.transportation.house.gov/Media/file/TestimonyWater/2011-10-26%20Bridges.pdf)]

Since the birth of our … environmental programs that benefit ports.

Lack of U.S. adaptation will devastate trade and the economic competitiveness

 * Weakley, 8 ** – Realize America’s Maritime promise, Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund Fairness Coalition, testimony of James Weakley the president of the Lake Carriers’ Association (James, “Realize America’s Maritime Promise”, Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund Fairness Coalition, 4/30/08, [] ) // EK

Introduction/ Summary of Testimony¶ My name… would quickly lose its efficiencies.

First is international trade: it’s key to the economy and accounts for 27% of GDP

 * Kiefer et al., 2k ** – principal investigator for Planning and Management Consultants– study authorized by Section 401 of the Water Resources Development Act of 1999, report to the US Army Corps of Engineers (Jack, Planning and Management Consultants, “The National Dredging Needs Study of Ports and Harbors Implications to Cost-Sharing of Federal Deep Draft Navigation Projects Due to Changes in the Maritime Industry”, 5/2000, []) // EK

The value of international trade…percent in terms of tonnage (see Figure 2-4).

Economic collapse now causes a nuclear World War III

 * Hamer, 10 **– Professor and doctor, writes for Current Concerns (Eberhard, “Increasing Indications for a Third World War”, 3/6/10, []) // AJ

Due to the fact that …we can escape this danger.

American economic leadership prevents mercantilism – solves protectionism

 * Posen, 9 ** – Deputy director and senior fellow of the Peterson Institute for International Economics (Adam, “Economic leadership beyond the crisis,” []) // EK

In the postwar period, US … on the following priority measures.

Protectionism leads to global nuclear war

 * Panzner, 8 ** – faculty at the New York Institute of Finance, 25-year veteran of the global stock, bond, and currency markets who has worked in New York and London for HSBC, Soros Funds, ABN Amro, Dresdner Bank, and JPMorgan Chase (Michael, “Financial Armageddon: Protect Your Future from Economic Collapse,” p. 136-138) // EK

Continuing calls for curbs on … of a new world war.

Port dredging is key to international trade and competitiveness – increased exports, trade, manufacturing jobs, and trillions in revenue

 * <span style="color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Georgia,serif;">Nagle, 11 **<span style="color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;"> – President and CEO of the American Association of Port Authorities (December 2011, Kurt, Industry Today, “Association: American Association of Port Authorities; Port-Related Infrastructure Investments Can Reap Dividends,” vol. 14, no. 3, <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">[] <span style="color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">) // EK

It seems the United States … to maintain federal navigation channels.

Clogged waterways are killing the steel industry competitiveness – decreases shipping capabilities. Dredging will open waterways allow tons of extra steel to be shipped.

 * Petry, 12** - correspondent for American Metal Market (Corinna, “US shippers urge feds to use funds for dredging”, Metal Bulletin Weekly, 4/2/12, ProQuest)//SS

Insufficient federal funding for dredging … plant running for 14 days.

First, the steel industry key to military tech-development
[] )//SS
 * AISI, 7 –** <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">AISI’s goal is to educate about the U.S. and North American steel industry (American Iron and Steel Institute, “Steel and the National Defense,” Specialty Steel Industry of North America, January 2007,

The U.S. carbon/alloy and … shipbuilding or other military uses.

Military R&D key to heg
Paarlberg, 4 - Robert Paarlberg is the Betty Freyhof Johnson Class of 1944 Professor of Political Science at Wellesley College and Associate at the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs at Harvard University. (Peter L., “ Knowledge as Power: Science, Military Dominance, and U.S. Security,” International Security, 2004, [] )//SS

Military primacy today comes from … fundamentally became a science race.

SECOND, a robust steel industry key to strong infrastructure
AISI, 6 - AISI’s goal is to educate about the U.S. and North American steel industry (American Iron and Steel Institute, “[|A Strong U.S. Steel Industry: Critical to Protecting U.S. Infrastructure, Homeland Security and Economic Security],” American Iron and Steel Institute, 2/1/6, [])//SS

In the wake of September … industry to meet this need.

Good infrastructure is key to the economy
AISI, 6 - AISI’s goal is to educate about the U.S. and North American steel industry (American Iron and Steel Institute, “[|A Strong U.S. Steel Industry: Critical to Protecting U.S. Infrastructure, Homeland Security and Economic Security],” American Iron and Steel Institute, 2/1/6, [])//SS

An efficient national highway system … as cranes, is steel-intensive.

Econ collapse tanks heg

 * FPRI, 9** – Founded in 1955, FPRI is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization devoted to **<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">bringing the insights of scholarship to bear on the development of policies that advance U.S. national interests. ** **<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">(“Security Challenges Arising from the Global Economic Crisis,” Foreign Policy Research Institute, March 11, 2009, ** [])//SS

Economists have long debated whether … Nation’s vital defense industrial base.

Heg is sustainable and prevents conflict

 * Brown et al. 8 –** *** Michael E. Brown is Dean of the Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University. ***OWEN R. COTÉ, JR**<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">. ** is the associate director of the MIT Security Studies Program. ***Sean M. Lynn-Jones is a Belfer Center researcher at Harvard University and Editor of //International Security.//** * Steven E. Miller is Director of the International Security Program (“Primacy and its Discontents,” MIT Press, 2008, [] ))//SS

¶ Several scholars have argued that … explicitly with the United States.

Re-entrenchment triggers great power wars

 * Zhang & Shi, 11** – ***Yuhan Zhang is a researcher at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.** *Lin Shi is from Columbia University. She also serves as an independent consultant for the Eurasia Group and a consultant for the World Bank in Washington, D.C. (Yuhan and Lin, “America’s decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry,” East Asia Forum, 1/22/11, [] )//SS

As history attests, power decline … devoid of unrivalled US primacy.

Steel key to jobs and is leading us out of the recession
Ngai, 4/11, Senior writer for Metal Bulletin (Catherine, “Surma lays out key policy priorities for AISI”, Metal Bulletin, 4/11/12, Lexis Nexis)//AK

The US steel industry needs ... and drive our economic recovery ."

The steel industry is key to the economy and hegemony.
Harley **Shaiken**, professor specializing on labor and the global economy at UC-Berkeley, March 22, **2002** , Detroit News, “Yes: Steel industry vital to healthy U.S. economy, national security,” http://www.detnews.com/2002/editorial/0203/25/a11-446451.htm

<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">But because __<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">an advanced industrial... __<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">help that three of the largest U.S. firms

First, coordinated and adequate funding requires federal action on port dredging.

 * <span style="color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Georgia,serif;">Calhoun, 11 **<span style="color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">– President of Cargo Carriers (Cargill) and Chairman of Waterways Council, Inc (Rick, “DREDGING FOR PROSPERITY”, Marine Log, 8/2011, ProQuest, <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">[] <span style="color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">”) // EK

At press time, the debate … America strong and keep her moving.

The federal government is key – port infrastructure is under __federal jurisdiction__ and federal action is vital to __leadership__

 * AAPA, 11** - AAPA represents 160 of the leading seaport authorities in the United States, Canada, Latin America and the Caribbean and more than 300 sustaining and associate members, firms and individuals with an interest in seaports (American Association of Port Authorities, “The U.S. Government’s Historic Role in Developing and Maintaining Landside and Waterside Connections to Seaports”, March 2011, [|http://aapa.files.cms-plus.com/PDFs/Transportation%20and%20the%20Constitution1.pdf)//GP]

Over time these constitutional responsibilities … global competitiveness, be recognized and prioritized **.**

USACE regulation and permits require federal oversight.

 * IWR 6/20** – Institute for Water Resources (“U.S. Port and Inland Waterways Modernization: Preparing for Post-Panamax Vessels”, Institute for Water Resources, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, June 20, 2012, [|http://www.iwr.usace.army.mil/docs/portswaterways/rpt/June_20_U.S._Port_and_Inland_Waterways_Preparing_for_Post_Panamax_Vessels.pdf)//BL]

Regardless of the Federal government’s role … permits for any proposed action. ¶

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Fed key- Constitutional Commerce Clause
Maritime shipping remains the preferred … way is to have the USFG
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Gibbs, 2011 ** <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">– Subcommittee Chairman (Bob, “Memorandum on the Hearing on “The Economic Importance of Seaports: Is the United States Prepared for 21st Century Trade Realities?” U.S. House of Representatives¶ Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, October 21, 2011 [|__http://republicans.transportation.house.gov/Media/file/112th/Water/Water%20Briefing%20Memo%20%20%2010-26-11.pdf__]<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 8pt;">)//BL


 * Federal funding key - Influences private and local investors **
 * AAPA 9 ** – American Association of Port Authorities represents 160 of the leading seaport authorities in the United States, Canada, Latin America and the Caribbean and more than 300 sustaining and associate members, firms and individuals with an interest in seaports (AAPA, “The Role of the Federal Government in Maintaining Federal Channels,” 2009, [] )// BL

U.S. port development and … to fund maintenance dredging.