Cianan+&+Ava

=AFFIRMATIVE=

Thus the plan: the United States federal government should substantially increase its investment in backbone pipelines for the transportation of liquid captured carbon dioxide in the United States.

**The //__entire project__// depends on a national network for pipeline infrastructure**
IRGC 8 International Risk Governance Council, “Regulation of Carbon Capture and Storage,” http://www.irgc.org/IMG/pdf/Policy_Brief_CCS.pdf

__Large-scale CCS deployment cannot proceed__ .... __the CCS industry__

**The federal government is key**
Horne 10 – JD @ U of Utah Jennifer, “Getting from Here to There: Devising an Optimal Regulatory Model for CO<2> Transport in a New Carbon Capture and Sequestration Industry,” 30 J. Land Resources & Envtl. L. 357, Lexis

__Siting regulations affect__ .... __confusion and inefficiency would result__

**Backbone system sequesters more CO2, speeds up deployment, and connects smaller emitters to the cluster **

 * __National Grid 12 __**– international electricity and gas company and one of the largest investor-owned energy companies in the world (“The benefits of a clustered carbon capture and storage system over point-to-point” National Grid, 2012, [|http://www.nationalgrid.com/uk/EnergyandServices/NonRegs/CCS/ClusteringBenefits/#header)//MR]

**Backbone pipelines are comparatively the most cost effective **

 * __Chrysostomidis et al. 9 __** – Ioannis Chrysostomidis and Paul Zakkour, Environemtal Resources Management; Mark Bohm and Eric Beynon, Suncor Energy; Renato de Filippo, Eni SpA; Arthur Lee, Chevron Corporation (“Assessing issues of financing a CO2 transportation pipeline infrastructure” Energy Procedia Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages 1625–1632, February 2009, http://www.sciencedirect.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/science/article/pii/S1876610209002148)//MR

**There is no technical obstacle to CCS – use of the technology could start immediately **
Miller et al 9  – PhD, Associate Director, Energy Institute Senior Research Associate Energy Fuels Bruce, “Eliminating CO2 Emissions from Coal-Fired Power Plants,” in Generating Electricity in a Carbon-Constrained World, Google Book

**CCS is safe – no leaks **
====**__Mills 11 __**__ - __ *MSc in Geological Sciences @ Cambridge ====

Robin, “Capturing Carbon: The New Weapon in the War Against Climate Change,” Google Book

CONTENTION TWO IS THE ADVANTAGES

**Two internal links -**

 * First is stimulus -**

**<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">The economy is on the brink now – a double dip is coming due to the fiscal cliff **

 * __<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">The Economist 7/16 __**<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">—“A global slowdown”, http://www.economist.com/blogs/freeexchange/2012/07/world-economy_ ) EL

**<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Stimulus is key to faster growth – austerity is economic suicide **
<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Applebaum 12 <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> - *PhD, Professor @ Rutgers, senior economist at the Center for Economic and Policy Research <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Eileen, 4-27, “Blame Budget Austerity for Poor GDP Growth,” http://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/economic-intelligence/2012/04/27/blame-budget-austerity-for-poor-gdp-growth

**<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Slow growth leads to wars – economic leadership is key to hegemony and avoiding great power wars **
__<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Khalilzad 11 __ <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> – PhD, Former Professor of Political Science @ Columbia, Former ambassador to Iraq and Afghanistan <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Zalmay Khalilzad was the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush and the director of policy planning at the Defense Department from 1990 to 1992. "The Economy and National Security" Feb 8 [|www.nationalreview.com/blogs/print/259024]

**<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Plan is key – CCS will create a trillion dollars of economic output and significant jobs **
<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Gates 10 <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> (Steve, B.S. in Poli Sci from Saint Vincent College, M.A. in public commncaitons from American University, ACCCE’s national communcations director, February 03, “Clean coal can create new jobs, preserve existing ones”, [] )

**<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">The plan is key – coal provides a unique fiscal stimulus **
<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">ACCCE 11 <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">American Coalition for Clean Coal Energy, “American Coalition for Clean Coal Electricity,” []

**<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Coal increases output, income and employment – provides a stimulus with both direct and indirect multipliers **
<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Rose and Wei 6 <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> - * Professor of Energy, Environmental and Regional Economics, **Graduate Assistant in the Department of Geography at the Pennsylvania State University <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Adam and Dan, “The Economic Impacts of Coal Utilization and Displacement in the Continental United States, 2015,” []

**<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Investment in renewables are at a 3 year low and are going to get lower – expiring subsidies and waning support **
<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Alex __<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Morales 4/12 __ <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">/2012 – staff writer for Bloomberg.com (“Renewable-Energy Investment Plunges in Quarter to Three-Year Low,” Bloomberg, [])

**<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Clean tech leadership is key to hegemony – averts global war **
<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Klarevas 9 <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> – Professor of Global Affairs <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Louis, Professor at the Center for Global Affairs – New York University, “ [|Securing American Primacy While Tackling Climate Change: Toward a National Strategy of Greengemony] ”, Huffington Post, 12-15, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/louis-klarevas/securing-american-primacy_b_393223.html

**<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Clean coal technology will incentivize further investment in clean tech **
__<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Mills 11 __ <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> - *MSc in Geological Sciences @ Cambridge <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Robin, “Capturing Carbon: The New Weapon in the War Against Climate Change,” Google Book

**<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Renewable investment alone doesn’t cut it – CCS technology is key to reducing emissions and sustaining clean tech leadership **
<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Future Timeline 12 <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">“A way to reverse global warming – study finds room to store CO2 underground,” []

**<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Rapid decline of US power causes global instability and conflict – slowed transition is just as bad **

 * __<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Brzezinski ’12 __**<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> - CSIS counselor and trustee and cochairs the CSIS Advisory Board. He is also the Robert E. Osgood Professor of American Foreign Policy at the School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, in Washington, D.C. (Zbigniew, “After America,” Foreign Policy Magazine, Jan/Feb, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/01/03/after_america)

**Global warming is real and human induced – top climate scientists agree**
Anderegg et al 10 – PhD Candidate @ Stanford in Biology William, “Expert credibility in climate change,” National Academy of Sciences, p. 12107-12109

**Warming is an existential risk – //__quickening__// reductions is key to avoiding extinction**
Mazo 10 – PhD in Paleoclimatology from UCLA Jeffrey Mazo, Managing Editor, Survival and Research Fellow for Environmental Security and Science Policy at the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London, 3-2010, “Climate Conflict: How global warming threatens security and what to do about it,” pg. 122

**Carbon sequestration is key**
Mack and Endemann 10 - *partner in the Houston office and global Chair of the Environmental Transactional Support Practice, provides over 25 years of experience advising on the transactional, environmental and regulatory issues associated with all sectors of the oil and gas industry, power (including both fossil and renewable energy), mining and chemical industries in the United States and abroad, in addition to the development, financing and entitlements for telecommunications and other industrial and public infrastructure facilities in the United States and offshore, **JD, Faculty @ USD Law, provides comprehensive environmental counseling on energy and infrastructure projects, and represents clients in related litigation Joel and Buck, “Making carbon dioxide sequestration feasible: Toward federal regulation of CO2 sequestration pipelines,” Energy Policy, http://lw.com/upload/pubContent/_pdf/pub3385_1.pdf

**CCS is a //__critical bridge__// to a broader portfolio of sustainable energy**
Forbes et al 8 - senior associate at the World Resources Institute, former member of the National Energy Technology Laboratory Sarah, CCS Guidelines: Guidelines for Carbon Dioxide Capture, Transport, and Storage, World Resources Institute, http://pdf.wri.org/ccs_guidelines.pdf

**Even if regulations aren’t likely now, the plan is key to convincing the world that emissions can be cut without economic cost**
MIT 7 Interdisciplinary Study, The Future of Coal, http://web.mit.edu/coal/

=NEGATIVE=

My 2N is in the hospital. I'm a 2A. My first 2NR was a security/apocalyptic rhetoric hybrid